The Body

Hamstrings

Your hamstrings are on the back of your thigh, and they bend your knee when you run.

Leg muscles work in teams: the front of your thigh straightens your knee and the back bends it. Try Kick! and Tiptoe, or tap a muscle!

Three muscles on the back

Your hamstrings are three muscles with long names: the biceps femoris (FEM-or-is) on the outside, and the semitendinosus and semimembranosus on the inside.

Most of them start at the bones you sit on, at the bottom of your hips. They run down the back of your thigh and end just below your knee.

Try it: sit on a hard chair. Feel the two bony spots under you? That's where your hamstrings begin.

A funny name

In very old English, 'ham' meant the back of the knee. The 'strings' are the strong tendons there.

Try it: sit down and bend your knee. Feel behind your knee on both sides. Can you find the tight cords? Those are hamstring tendons.

People also love to tell a story that butchers long ago hung up hams by these same strong tendons.

Bend and push

Your hamstrings and your quadriceps are partners. The quadriceps straighten your knee, and the hamstrings bend it.

Your hamstrings also pull your leg back at the hip. That pushes you forward when you walk and run.

Try it: hold onto a chair and bend one knee to bring your heel up toward your bottom. Feel the back of your thigh tighten?

Why stretching matters

Hamstrings can feel tight, especially after a lot of sitting. Gentle stretching after you play, when your muscles are warm, can help them feel loose and comfy.

Try it: sit on the floor with your legs out straight. Slowly reach toward your toes until you feel a gentle pull. Hold it and breathe. Never bounce, and stop if it hurts.

It doesn't matter how far you reach. Bodies bend in different ways, and that's okay.

๐Ÿคฉ Wow facts

  • The hamstrings are three muscles, not one.
  • In very old English, 'ham' meant the back of the knee.
  • A popular story says butchers long ago hung hams up by these tendons.
  • Most of your hamstrings start at the bones you sit on.
  • Hamstrings and quadriceps are partners: one bends the knee, and the other straightens it.
  • Some people can touch their toes easily and some can't. Bodies bend differently, and both are fine.

๐Ÿ’š Look after it

  • Stretch gently after playing, when your muscles are warm.
  • Warm up with skipping or jogging before you run fast.
  • Take breaks from sitting to stand up and move.
  • Stop and rest if the back of your leg hurts while you run.

๐Ÿฉน When something goes wrong

A pulled hamstring. Running really fast can sometimes stretch a hamstring too far, and the back of your thigh starts to hurt. Stop and rest. Tell a grown-up, who may want a doctor to check it.

๐Ÿ™‹ Questions kids ask

Why can't I touch my toes?

Lots of people can't, and that's fine. Tight hamstrings are common. Gentle stretching over time can help them loosen up.

Is there any ham in a hamstring?

Nope! The name comes from an old word for the back of the knee.

๐Ÿง  Quick quiz

Question 1 of 3Where are your hamstrings?

๐Ÿ”— It works with

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