# The Big Index: kids, learning and AI > Peabody's index of 1574 studies, guides, books, podcasts, films, organizations and learning tools about kids, learning and AI, for parents and their AI assistants. Competitors included. Each entry says what it is and why a parent might care, and flags preprints, company-funded research, contested work and paywalls. Links checked 2026-10-24. Web version: https://peabody.kids/resources ## Questions parents ask ### Do AI tutors actually help kids learn? Sometimes, and usually by a small amount. Well-designed tutors have shown real gains in a few trials (Harvard physics, Nigeria, Ghana), but the biggest independent school trial, of Khanmigo, found small gains about the same as ordinary practice software. Stanford's 2026 review found only 20 strong studies and none with US K-12 students. - [The Evidence Base on AI in K-12: A 2026 Review](https://scale.stanford.edu/sites/default/files/The%20Evidence%20Base%20on%20AI%20in%20K-12%20Report.pdf) - [AI tutoring outperforms in-class active learning: an RCT introducing a novel research-based design in an authentic educational setting](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-025-97652-6) - [One Click Away: AI Tutoring with Khanmigo in a Two-Year School Experiment](https://www.nber.org/papers/w35620) - [From chalkboards to chatbots: Transforming learning in Nigeria, one prompt at a time](https://blogs.worldbank.org/en/education/From-chalkboards-to-chatbots-Transforming-learning-in-Nigeria) ### Can using ChatGPT for homework make my child learn less? There is good evidence it can. In a trial with about 1,000 high schoolers, plain ChatGPT raised practice scores but students did 17% worse on a later test without it. Large platform data suggests the same pattern on easy-to-paste math problems. Guardrails that give hints instead of answers reduced most of the harm. - [Generative AI without guardrails can harm learning: Evidence from high school mathematics](https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2422633122) - [Faster Completion, Less Learning: Generative AI Reduced Study Time on Math Problems and the Knowledge They Build](https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.21629) - [Kids who use ChatGPT as a study assistant do worse on tests](https://hechingerreport.org/kids-chatgpt-worse-on-tests/) ### What makes an AI tutor good rather than harmful? The studies that went well share a pattern: the AI gives one step or hint at a time, holds back the answer, is fed correct solutions, and steps in after a mistake. Tools built that way look better than general chatbots, though even good design does not help if kids do not use it. - [AI tutoring outperforms in-class active learning: an RCT introducing a novel research-based design in an authentic educational setting](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-025-97652-6) - [Making AI Tutoring Productive: Evidence from a Mastery-Based Math Practice Experiment](https://www.nber.org/papers/w35621) - [The Evidence Base on AI in K-12: A 2026 Review](https://scale.stanford.edu/sites/default/files/The%20Evidence%20Base%20on%20AI%20in%20K-12%20Report.pdf) - [AI Meets the Classroom: When Do Large Language Models Harm Learning?](https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.09047) ### Is an AI tutor as good as a human tutor? Not yet as a replacement. Human tutoring several times a week has strong evidence (about a third of a standard deviation on average). AI-only tutoring has much thinner evidence, and Stanford's tutoring center says it does not yet meet that bar. The best-supported use right now is AI helping human tutors. - [The Impressive Effects of Tutoring on PreK-12 Learning: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Experimental Evidence](https://www.nber.org/papers/w27476) - [AI Tutoring is Not a Monolith: What We Actually Know](https://nssa.stanford.edu/sites/default/files/AI%20Tutoring%20is%20Not%20a%20Monolith%20What%20We%20Actually%20Know.pdf) - [Tutor CoPilot: A Human-AI Approach for Scaling Real-Time Expertise](https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.03017) - [AI tutoring can safely and effectively support students: An exploratory RCT in UK classrooms](https://storage.googleapis.com/deepmind-media/LearnLM/learnLM_nov25.pdf) ### What is Bloom's "2 sigma problem" and is it true? In 1984 Benjamin Bloom reported that tutored students did better than 98% of classroom students, a two standard deviation gain. Later reviews found real tutoring effects are much smaller, around 0.3 to 0.8, so promises that AI will deliver two sigma are not supported. - [The 2 Sigma Problem: The Search for Methods of Group Instruction as Effective as One-to-One Tutoring](https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X013006004) - [Two-Sigma Tutoring: Separating Science Fiction from Science Fact](https://www.educationnext.org/two-sigma-tutoring-separating-science-fiction-from-science-fact/) - [The Relative Effectiveness of Human Tutoring, Intelligent Tutoring Systems, and Other Tutoring Systems](https://doi.org/10.1080/00461520.2011.611369) ### Are AI tutors new, or has this been tried before? Computer tutors have been studied for over 40 years. Older step-by-step tutors like Cognitive Tutor, ASSISTments and AutoTutor had solid, moderate effects in many trials. Chatbots are new in how they talk, but the lessons about feedback, practice and usage carry over. - [Effectiveness of Intelligent Tutoring Systems: A Meta-Analytic Review](https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654315581420) - [Effectiveness of Cognitive Tutor Algebra I at Scale](https://doi.org/10.3102/0162373713507480) - [Online Mathematics Homework Increases Student Achievement](https://doi.org/10.1177/2332858416673968) - [Cognitive Tutors: Lessons Learned](https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327809jls0402_2) ### Why don't kids use AI tutors much, even good ones? Usage is the biggest problem found so far. In the Khanmigo trial most students tried the tutor but rarely used it for real math talk, and in a young readers' study nearly half of children never logged in. The same 'only about 5% use it as intended' pattern was seen with earlier math software. - [One Click Away: AI Tutoring with Khanmigo in a Two-Year School Experiment](https://www.nber.org/papers/w35620) - [Access is Not Enough: Human Support Improves Engagement with AI Tutoring](https://edworkingpapers.com/ai26-1451) - [The 5 Percent Problem](https://www.educationnext.org/5-percent-problem-online-mathematics-programs-may-benefit-most-kids-who-need-it-least/) - [Students didn't get answers from Khanmigo. They didn't want its questions, either](https://hechingerreport.org/proof-points-khanmigo-math-ai-tutor/) ### Does ChatGPT harm the brain or make kids worse at thinking? There is no evidence it damages the brain. Small studies in adults and college students suggest heavy reliance lowers effort, memory of one's own work, and self-checking ("metacognitive laziness"). Most of this research is preprints, surveys or small samples, so treat headlines with care. - [Your Brain on ChatGPT: Accumulation of Cognitive Debt when Using an AI Assistant for Essay Writing Task](https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.08872) - [Your Brain on ChatGPT (project site)](https://www.brainonllm.com/) - [Beware of Metacognitive Laziness: Effects of Generative Artificial Intelligence on Learning Motivation, Processes, and Performance](https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.09315) - [Against "Brain Damage"](https://www.oneusefulthing.org/p/against-brain-damage) ### Do study modes like ChatGPT Study Mode, Gemini Guided Learning or Claude learning mode work? These modes copy the hint-first design that did well in research, but there are no independent trials of the modes themselves yet. Company descriptions explain how they behave, not whether children learn more. Children can also switch them off. - [OpenAI launches Study Mode in ChatGPT](https://www.techcrunch.com/2025/07/29/openai-launches-study-mode-in-chatgpt/) - [Guided Learning in Gemini: From answers to understanding](https://blog.google/outreach-initiatives/education/guided-learning/) - [Introducing Claude for Education](https://www.anthropic.com/news/introducing-claude-for-education) - [Generative AI without guardrails can harm learning: Evidence from high school mathematics](https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2422633122) ### Which AI tutoring results come from the companies themselves? Several do: Google's LearnLM papers and the Eedi trial, Anthropic's usage reports, the Rori study in Ghana, and Khan Academy's blog. They can be useful, but independent trials like the University of Toronto's Khanmigo study and Stanford's Tutor CoPilot trial carry more weight. - [AI tutoring can safely and effectively support students: An exploratory RCT in UK classrooms](https://storage.googleapis.com/deepmind-media/LearnLM/learnLM_nov25.pdf) - [LearnLM: Improving Gemini for Learning](https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.16429) - [Effective and Scalable Math Support: Evidence on the Impact of an AI-Tutor on Math Achievement in Ghana](https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.09809) - [One Click Away: AI Tutoring with Khanmigo in a Two-Year School Experiment](https://www.nber.org/papers/w35620) ### Can AI help in places without enough teachers? Early results are encouraging. A teacher-guided GPT-4 program in Nigeria produced gains of about 0.3 standard deviations in six weeks, and a WhatsApp math tutor in Ghana showed similar-sized gains, though the Ghana study was run by the tool's makers. Earlier adaptive software in India also worked well. - [From chalkboards to chatbots: Transforming learning in Nigeria, one prompt at a time](https://blogs.worldbank.org/en/education/From-chalkboards-to-chatbots-Transforming-learning-in-Nigeria) - [Effective and Scalable Math Support: Evidence on the Impact of an AI-Tutor on Math Achievement in Ghana](https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.09809) - [Disrupting Education? Experimental Evidence on Technology-Aided Instruction in India](https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20171112) ### What do big reports from Brookings, OECD and UNESCO say? They are cautious. Brookings' 2026 global review says the risks to children currently outweigh the benefits but the path can still change, and urges tools that teach rather than answer. UNESCO calls for age limits and human-centered design, and the OECD reviews how generative AI is being used in schools. - [A new direction for students in an AI world: Prosper, prepare, protect](https://www.brookings.edu/articles/a-new-direction-for-students-in-an-ai-world-prosper-prepare-protect/) - [Guidance for generative AI in education and research](https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/guidance-generative-ai-education-and-research) - [OECD Digital Education Outlook 2026](https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/oecd-digital-education-outlook-2026_062a7394-en.html) ### How should my child use an AI tutor at home to actually learn? The research points to a few habits: try the problem first, ask the AI for a hint or explanation rather than the answer, and check yourself later without AI. Students who used chatbots to explain did better than those who used them to produce solutions. An adult nearby also helps kids keep using it. - [AI Meets the Classroom: When Do Large Language Models Harm Learning?](https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.09047) - [Against "Brain Damage"](https://www.oneusefulthing.org/p/against-brain-damage) - [Access is Not Enough: Human Support Improves Engagement with AI Tutoring](https://edworkingpapers.com/ai26-1451) - [Slow math: Kids may learn more when AI makes them review mistakes](https://hechingerreport.org/proof-points-ai-mastery-learning/) ### Where can I find the latest research on AI tutoring? Stanford's SCALE repository collects over 1,600 studies on AI in preK-12 education and is updated monthly. Its 2026 review summarizes the strongest ones. The Hechinger Report's Proof Points column explains new studies in plain language. - [AI Hub for Education Research Repository](https://scale.stanford.edu/ai/repository) - [The Evidence Base on AI in K-12: A 2026 Review](https://scale.stanford.edu/sites/default/files/The%20Evidence%20Base%20on%20AI%20in%20K-12%20Report.pdf) - [National Student Support Accelerator](https://nssa.stanford.edu/) ### What is the single most useful study habit I can teach my child? Self-testing (retrieval practice): having your child recall what they know before looking at notes, through quizzes, flashcards or just telling you about it. Reviews of hundreds of studies rate it among the most effective techniques, and it beats rereading in lab and classroom studies alike. - [Improving Students' Learning With Effective Learning Techniques: Promising Directions From Cognitive and Educational Psychology](https://www.psychologicalscience.org/journals/pspi/1529100612453266/) - [Test-Enhanced Learning: Taking Memory Tests Improves Long-Term Retention](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16507066/) - [How to Use Retrieval Practice to Improve Learning](https://pdf.retrievalpractice.org/RetrievalPracticeGuide.pdf) - [Retrieval Practice Consistently Benefits Student Learning: A Systematic Review of Applied Research in Schools and Classrooms](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-021-09595-9) ### Is cramming the night before a test really that bad? Cramming can work for a test the next morning, but much of it is forgotten soon after. Spreading the same study time over several days leads to far better long-term memory, and the gap between sessions should grow with how long the material needs to last. - [Distributed Practice in Verbal Recall Tasks: A Review and Quantitative Synthesis](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16719566/) - [How to Use Spaced Retrieval Practice to Boost Learning](https://pdf.retrievalpractice.org/SpacingGuide.pdf) - [Benefits of Spaced Practice: Simple Recommendations for Parents](https://www.learningscientists.org/blog/2016/9/29-1) ### Are highlighting and rereading a waste of time? Not useless, but weak. The major 2013 review rated highlighting, rereading and summarizing as low-utility for most students, partly because they make material feel familiar without testing whether it can be recalled. Use them as a first pass, then switch to self-quizzing. - [Improving Students' Learning With Effective Learning Techniques: Promising Directions From Cognitive and Educational Psychology](https://www.psychologicalscience.org/journals/pspi/1529100612453266/) - [Strengthening the Student Toolbox: Study Strategies to Boost Learning](https://www.aft.org/ae/fall2013/dunlosky) - [Ace That Test: A Student's Guide to Learning Better](https://www.learningscientists.org/ace-that-test-a-students-guide-to-learning-better) ### Is my child a visual (or auditory, or hands-on) learner? Kids have preferences, but there is no good evidence that teaching to a 'learning style' improves learning. The best format depends on the content (maps are visual, music is auditory), and combining words with pictures tends to help everyone. - [Learning Styles: Concepts and Evidence](https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/psy_facpub/1765/) - [Daniel Willingham's Learning Styles FAQ](https://www.danielwillingham.com/learning-styles-faq.html) - [Ask the Cognitive Scientist: Do Visual, Auditory, and Kinesthetic Learners Need Visual, Auditory, and Kinesthetic Instruction?](https://www.aft.org/periodical/american-educator/summer-2005/ask-cognitive-scientist) - [Neuromyths in Education: Prevalence and Predictors of Misconceptions among Teachers](https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00429/full) ### Are people left-brained or right-brained? No. Some brain functions lean to one side, but a scan study of over 1,000 people aged 7 to 29 found no evidence that whole people are 'left-brained' (logical) or 'right-brained' (creative). - [An Evaluation of the Left-Brain vs. Right-Brain Hypothesis with Resting State Functional Connectivity Magnetic Resonance Imaging](https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0071275) - [Researchers debunk myth of right-brain and left-brain personality traits](https://healthcare.utah.edu/press-releases/2013/08/researchers-debunk-myth-of-right-brain-and-left-brainpersonality-traits) - [GUEST POST: Exploring the Left Brain / Right Brain Myth](https://learningscientists.org/blog/2016/8/2-1) ### Should practice feel easy? Usually not. Research on 'desirable difficulties' shows that spacing, mixing problem types and testing yourself feel harder and look worse in the moment but lead to better long-term learning. The difficulty must still be manageable; if a child is lost, it stops helping. - [Desirable Difficulties](https://www.psychologicalscience.org/observer/desirable-difficulties) - [Desirable difficulty](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desirable_difficulty) - [The benefit of interleaved mathematics practice is not limited to superficially similar kinds of problems](https://www.gwern.net/doc/psychology/spaced-repetition/2014-rohrer.pdf) - [Similarity Matters: A Meta-Analysis of Interleaved Learning and Its Moderators](https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000209) ### Should math homework mix different kinds of problems? Evidence says mixing (interleaving) usually helps, because kids must decide which method fits each problem. Classroom studies found large gains on delayed tests, though the benefit is biggest when problem types are easy to confuse. - [The benefit of interleaved mathematics practice is not limited to superficially similar kinds of problems](https://www.gwern.net/doc/psychology/spaced-repetition/2014-rohrer.pdf) - [Interleaved Mathematics Practice: Giving Students a Chance to Learn What They Need to Know](https://pdf.retrievalpractice.org/InterleavingGuide.pdf) - [Similarity Matters: A Meta-Analysis of Interleaved Learning and Its Moderators](https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000209) ### Should I let my child struggle to figure things out, or show them how? For beginners, studying a worked example first usually beats unguided problem solving because it avoids overloading working memory. As skill grows, step back and let them work alone; extra guidance can then get in the way. - [Cognitive load theory: Research that teachers really need to understand](https://education.nsw.gov.au/about-us/education-data-and-research/cese/publications/literature-reviews/cognitive-load-theory) - [Cognitive load theory: Teaching strategies](https://www.teachermagazine.com/au_en/articles/cognitive-load-theory-teaching-strategies) - [Why Minimal Guidance During Instruction Does Not Work](https://doi.org/10.1207/s15326985ep4102_1) ### What kind of feedback and praise actually helps? Specific feedback about the task (what is right, what to fix, what to try next) helps most. Generic praise of the child does little, and a large share of feedback in studies even lowered performance when it shifted attention to the self. - [The Power of Feedback](https://www.uky.edu/~gmswan3/575/Hattie_Timperley_2007.pdf) - [The Power of Feedback Revisited: A Meta-Analysis of Educational Feedback Research](https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.03087/full) - [Inside the Black Box: Raising Standards Through Classroom Assessment](https://kappanonline.org/inside-the-black-box-raising-standards-through-classroom-assessment/) ### Does sleep really affect learning? Yes. Sleep, especially deep sleep, helps consolidate new memories, and children may benefit even more than adults. Following age-based sleep guidelines is a sensible base before any study technique; talk to a pediatrician about ongoing sleep problems. - [About Sleep's Role in Memory](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3768102/) - [The sleeping child outplays the adult's capacity to convert implicit into explicit knowledge](https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.3343) - [About Sleep](https://www.cdc.gov/sleep/about/index.html) - [Children and Sleep: Healthy Sleep Habits for Kids](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/children-and-sleep) ### How do adaptive learning apps decide what my child should practice next? Most estimate what a child knows from their right and wrong answers, using models like Bayesian Knowledge Tracing, item response theory or neural networks, then pick items that are neither too easy nor too hard and schedule reviews before forgetting. No single model is best; simple ones often perform as well as deep learning. - [Bayesian knowledge tracing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayesian_knowledge_tracing) - [Item Response Theory (IRT)](https://www.publichealth.columbia.edu/research/population-health-methods/item-response-theory) - [When is Deep Learning the Best Approach to Knowledge Tracing?](https://jedm.educationaldatamining.org/index.php/JEDM/article/view/451) - [Learning how to help you learn: Introducing Birdbrain!](https://blog.duolingo.com/learning-how-to-help-you-learn-introducing-birdbrain/) ### Do flashcard apps with spaced repetition work for kids? The underlying science (spacing plus self-testing) is strong, and personalized review schedules improved retention in a classroom study. Tools like Anki suit older kids and teens; younger children can use a paper Leitner box. Well-written, small cards matter as much as the app. - [Improving Students' Long-Term Knowledge Retention Through Personalized Review](https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797613504302) - [Anki](https://apps.ankiweb.net/) - [How To Remember Anything Forever-ish](https://ncase.me/remember/) - [Effective Learning: Twenty Rules of Formulating Knowledge](https://www.super-memory.com/articles/20rules.htm) ### Can one-on-one tutoring or mastery learning really make kids two grades better? Bloom's famous 'two sigma' result is likely an outlier. Tutoring and mastery learning do help, often substantially, but typical effects are well below two standard deviations and gains from mastery learning show up more on teacher-made tests. - [The 2 Sigma Problem: The Search for Methods of Group Instruction as Effective as One-to-One Tutoring](https://www.gwern.net/doc/psychology/1984-bloom.pdf) - [On Bloom's two sigma problem: A systematic review of the effectiveness of mastery learning, tutoring, and direct instruction](https://nintil.com/bloom-sigma/) - [Effectiveness of Mastery Learning Programs: A Meta-Analysis](https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543060002265) ### Do learning games and gamified apps actually teach? On average, yes, modestly. Meta-analyses find learning games beat ordinary instruction by about a third of a standard deviation, and game elements like points and badges give small-to-medium gains. Good design, scaffolding and repeated play matter more than flashy features. - [Digital Games, Design, and Learning: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4748544/) - [The Gamification of Learning: a Meta-analysis](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-019-09498-w) - [A meta-analysis of the cognitive and motivational effects of serious games](https://doi.org/10.1037/a0031311) ### Will brain-training games, Mozart or chess make my child smarter at school? Probably not in the way ads suggest. Children get better at the trained game itself, but reviews find little reliable transfer to unrelated school skills, and the Mozart effect is small and unreliable. These activities are still worth doing for enjoyment. - [Do "Brain-Training" Programs Work?](https://doi.org/10.1177/1529100616661983) - [Does Far Transfer Exist? Negative Evidence From Chess, Music, and Working Memory Training](https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721417712760) - [Mozart effect-Shmozart effect: A meta-analysis](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intell.2010.03.001) ### What age is OK for a child to start using AI chatbots? No study gives one safe age. Most general chatbots require users to be 13, with weak age checks, and researchers such as Ying Xu say the answer depends on the product, the child, and whether an adult is using it with them. Shared, supervised use is the common advice for younger kids. - [Parents' Ultimate Guide to Generative AI](https://www.commonsensemedia.org/articles/parents-ultimate-guide-to-generative-ai) - [AI's Impact on Children's Social and Cognitive Development | Ying Xu, PhD](https://www.childrenandscreens.org/learn-explore/research/ais-impact-on-childrens-social-and-cognitive-development-ying-xu-phd/) - [How AI Chatbots Affect Kids: Benefits, Risks & What Parents Need to Know](https://healthychildren.org/English/family-life/Media/Pages/are-ai-chatbots-safe-for-kids.aspx) - [Guide to ChatGPT for Parents and Caregivers](https://www.commonsensemedia.org/articles/guide-to-chatgpt-for-parents-and-caregivers) ### Do young children think Alexa or a chatbot is alive or a person? Mostly not, but they put it in an in-between category. Studies find even preschoolers know they are talking to a machine, yet many credit talking devices with some thinking or feelings and say it is wrong to be mean to them. These ideas change with age and with how parents talk about the device. - [The minds of machines: Children's beliefs about the experiences, thoughts, and morals of familiar interactive technologies](https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0001524) - ["Alexa doesn't have that many feelings": Children's understanding of AI through interactions with smart speakers in their homes](https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.05597) - [Behaving as or behaving as if? Children's conceptions of personified robots and the emergence of a new ontological category](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neunet.2010.08.014) - [Family as a Third Space for AI Literacy (seminar slides)](https://www.raspberrypi.org/app/uploads/2022/03/Family-as-a-Third-Space-for-AI-Literacy.pdf) ### Do kids believe whatever a voice assistant or the internet tells them? Younger children are often more skeptical than adults expect. Danovitch's studies found 5- to 8-year-olds often trusted a teacher over the internet, and preschoolers track whether a machine was right before. Trust appears to grow around age 7 or 8 and with heavy use, which is why checking answers together matters. - [Who do I believe? Children's epistemic trust in internet, teacher, and peer informants](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogdev.2019.05.006) - [Why kids don't trust Alexa](https://www.technologyreview.com/2019/12/06/131668/why-kids-dont-trust-alexa/) - [Children Show Selective Trust in Technological Informants](https://doi.org/10.1080/15248372.2012.689391) - [Chatbots, AI Companions, and Youth](https://www.childrenandscreens.org/learn-explore/research/chatbots-ai-companions-and-youth/) ### Can children actually learn from talking with an AI? In controlled studies, yes for some tasks: a voice agent that asked questions during storybook reading helped 3- to 6-year-olds understand stories about as well as a human partner, and talk-back TV characters improved science learning. But kids talk less and lead less with AI, so researchers see it as a supplement to people, not a replacement. - [Dialogue with a conversational agent promotes children's story comprehension via enhancing engagement](https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.13708) - [Different but complementary: Navigating AI's role in children's learning and development](https://joanganzcooneycenter.org/2024/10/07/different-but-complementary/) - [Artificial intelligence enhances children's science learning from television shows](https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000889) - [Growing Up with Artificial Intelligence: Implications for Child Development](https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-69362-5_83) ### Are AI companion apps like Character.AI safe for kids and teens? Child-safety groups and psychologists say no for under-18s right now. Testing found companion apps claimed to be real, missed crisis signs and allowed sexual roleplay, and the APA warns teens are less likely to question bots that imitate friendship. Character.AI itself stopped open chat for minors in late 2025. - [Social AI Companions Risk Assessment](https://institute.commonsensemedia.org/risk-assessments/social-ai-companions) - [Artificial Intelligence and Adolescent Well-being: An APA Health Advisory](https://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2025/06/protect-adolescent-ai-users) - [Character.ai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Character.ai) - [The risky new world of tech's friendliest bots](https://www.unicef.org/innocenti/stories/risky-new-world-techs-friendliest-bots) ### How many kids are using AI for friendship or emotional support? A meaningful minority. Pew found 12% of US teens have used chatbots for emotional support or advice; Common Sense found a third of teens had chosen a bot over a person for a serious talk; in the UK, 12% of child users said they had no one else to talk to. Survey wording varies, so exact numbers differ. - [How Teens Use and View AI](https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2026/02/24/how-teens-use-and-view-ai/) - [Talk, Trust, and Trade-Offs: How and Why Teens Use AI Companions](https://www.commonsensemedia.org/research/talk-trust-and-trade-offs-how-and-why-teens-use-ai-companions) - [Me, Myself and AI: Understanding and safeguarding children's use of AI chatbots](https://www.internetmatters.org/hub/research/me-myself-and-ai-chatbot-research/) - [Teens, Trust and AI Companions: What Parents Need to Know](https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/smart-parenting-smarter-kids/202509/teens-trust-and-ai-companions-what-parents-need-to-know) ### Is my teen using AI more than I think? Probably. Pew found about two-thirds of teens use chatbots but only about half of parents knew; Common Sense found only 37% of parents of teen users were aware. Nearly half of kids say they have never talked with a parent about AI safety. - [How Teens Use and View AI](https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2026/02/24/how-teens-use-and-view-ai/) - [The Dawn of the AI Era: Teens, Parents, and the Adoption of Generative AI at Home and School](https://www.commonsensemedia.org/research/the-dawn-of-the-ai-era-teens-parents-and-the-adoption-of-generative-ai-at-home-and-school) - [Common Sense Census: AI Use by Tweens and Teens (A Comprehensive Report on Teens, Tweens, and AI)](https://www.commonsensemedia.org/research/a-comprehensive-report-on-teens-tweens-and-ai) ### Should I buy my young child an AI toy? Common Sense Media recommends no AI toys for children 5 and under and caution from 6 to 12, after testing found inappropriate replies, heavy voice-data collection and designs meant to build attachment. Older smart toys like My Friend Cayla had serious security problems, so check privacy terms carefully. - [AI in the Toy Box: How Parents View AI-Enabled Toys for Young Children](https://www.commonsensemedia.org/research/ai-in-the-toy-box-how-parents-view-ai-enabled-toys-for-young-children) - [AI Toys Risk Assessment](https://institute.commonsensemedia.org/risk-assessments/ai-toys) - [My Friend Cayla](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Friend_Cayla) ### How do I talk to my kids about AI? Experts suggest starting with curiosity, not rules: ask which tools they use and whether a bot ever said something odd, try tools together, explain that chatbots are programs built to please and keep you chatting, and agree on a simple family plan. Ready-made conversation cards and starters exist. - [Helping Kids Navigate the World of Artificial Intelligence](https://www.commonsensemedia.org/articles/helping-kids-navigate-the-world-of-artificial-intelligence) - [How AI Chatbots Affect Kids: Benefits, Risks & What Parents Need to Know](https://healthychildren.org/English/family-life/Media/Pages/are-ai-chatbots-safe-for-kids.aspx) - [How to talk to your children about AI chatbots and their safety](https://politifact.com/article/2025/dec/19/ai-chatbots-companions-talk-to-kids-parent-guide/) - [AI Literacy Toolkit for Families](https://www.commonsense.org/education/families-ai-literacy-toolkit) ### What are good ways to teach kids how AI works? Hands-on 'glass box' activities work well: train your own model in Teachable Machine, play Quick, Draw!, or do screen-free card games from AI Unplugged. Free curricula such as Day of AI, Code.org and Experience AI follow the AI4K12 big ideas, and studies suggest kids who build AI develop more realistic views of it. - [Teachable Machine](https://teachablemachine.withgoogle.com/) - [Day of AI](https://dayofai.org/) - [AI Unplugged](https://www.aiunplugged.org/) - [AI4K12: Five Big Ideas in AI](https://ai4k12.org/) - [A is for Artificial Intelligence: The Impact of Artificial Intelligence Activities on Young Children's Perceptions of Robots](https://doi.org/10.1145/3290605.3300677) ### Can AI help my child be creative, or will it do the creating for them? Both can happen. In a University of Washington co-design study, kids did not see creative uses on their own but built confidence once adults helped them refine ideas; the advice is to present AI as one tool among many and talk about authorship. Simple tools that animate or tidy a child's own drawing keep the child as the maker. - [Can AI Help Kids Feel Creative?](https://joanganzcooneycenter.org/2024/09/24/can-ai-help-kids-feel-creative/) - [StoryBuddy: A Human-AI Collaborative Chatbot for Parent-Child Interactive Storytelling with Flexible Parental Involvement](https://arxiv.org/abs/2202.06205) - [Animated Drawings](https://sketch.metademolab.com/) - [AutoDraw](https://www.autodraw.com/) ### Will AI hurt my child's thinking or social skills? The evidence is not in yet. Researchers worry mainly about displacement: AI crowding out conversation with caregivers and the useful struggle of thinking things through. They suggest using AI openly with kids, keeping comfort and play human, and asking what thinking a tool is replacing. - [The Science of Raising Humans in the Age of AI | Dana Suskind, MD](https://www.childrenandscreens.org/learn-explore/research/the-science-of-raising-humans-in-the-age-of-ai-dana-suskind-md/) - [Raising Independent Thinkers in the Age of AI](https://www.childrenandscreens.org/learn-explore/research/raising-independent-thinkers-in-the-age-of-ai/) - [Mapping of GenAI impacts on child development](https://www.childrenandscreens.org/learn-explore/research/mapping-of-genai-impacts-on-child-development/) - [Artificial Intimacy: What Happens When We Turn to AI for Connection? | Sherry Turkle, PhD](https://www.childrenandscreens.org/learn-explore/research/artificial-intimacy-what-happens-when-we-turn-to-ai-for-connection-sherry-turkle-phd/) ### What was the Alexa 'penny challenge' and what does it teach? In December 2021 Amazon's Alexa, asked for a challenge, told a 10-year-old to touch a coin to the prongs of a half-inserted plug, a dangerous stunt it had pulled from the web. Amazon fixed it, but researchers use it to show that AI repeats online content without understanding risk to a child. - ['No, Alexa, no!': designing child-safe AI and protecting children from the risks of the 'empathy gap' in large language models](https://doi.org/10.1080/17439884.2024.2367052) ### What do international bodies recommend for children and AI? UNICEF's 2025 guidance sets ten requirements for child-centered AI, from safety and privacy to transparency and teaching AI skills, and now covers AI companions. The OECD and European Commission AI literacy framework describes what kids should learn to engage with, create with, manage and shape AI. - [Guidance on AI and children (Version 3.0)](https://www.unicef.org/innocenti/reports/policy-guidance-ai-children) - [AILit Framework: Empowering Learners for the Age of AI](https://ailiteracyframework.org/) - [Why children's perspectives belong at the centre of AI policy and design](https://www.unicef.org/innocenti/stories/why-childrens-perspectives-belong-centre-ai-policy-and-design) ### What is the 'science of reading' and is it just phonics? It is a large body of research on how reading develops, not a single program. Most researchers agree children need explicit, systematic phonics early on. They also need vocabulary, background knowledge and plenty of reading practice to understand what they read. - [Ending the Reading Wars: Reading Acquisition From Novice to Expert](https://doi.org/10.1177/1529100618772271) - [Science of Reading: Defining Guide](https://www.thereadingleague.org/what-is-the-science-of-reading/) - [Scarborough's Reading Rope (video)](https://www.readingrockets.org/videos/scarboroughs-reading-rope) - [The Science of Reading Progresses: Communicating Advances Beyond the Simple View of Reading](https://doi.org/10.1002/rrq.411) ### Should my child be told to look at the picture or guess a word from context? Research does not support guessing as a main strategy for beginning readers. Sounding words out builds the letter-sound links that make later reading automatic. Context and pictures still help with meaning once a word is decoded. - [Sold a Story: How Teaching Kids to Read Went So Wrong](https://features.apmreports.org/sold-a-story/) - [At a Loss for Words: How a flawed idea is teaching millions of kids to be poor readers](https://www.apmreports.org/episode/2019/08/22/whats-wrong-how-schools-teach-reading) - [Some context on context](https://www.seidenbergreading.net/blog/2020/09/10/some-context-on-context) - [Is This the End of 'Three Cueing'?](https://www.edweek.org/teaching-learning/is-this-the-end-of-three-cueing/2020/12) ### How strong is the evidence for systematic phonics? Several meta-analyses find systematic phonics helps beginning readers, especially in kindergarten and first grade. Some researchers argue the advantage over other methods is smaller or less certain than often claimed, so the debate is about how big the edge is, not whether decoding matters. - [Systematic Phonics Instruction Helps Students Learn to Read: Evidence from the National Reading Panel's Meta-Analysis](https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543071003393) - [Phonics: reading policy and the evidence of effectiveness from a systematic 'tertiary' review](https://doi.org/10.1080/02671522.2017.1420816) - [Reconsidering the Evidence That Systematic Phonics Is More Effective Than Alternative Methods of Reading Instruction](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-019-09515-y) - [Report of the National Reading Panel: Teaching Children to Read](https://www.nichd.nih.gov/publications/product/64) ### Do decodable books help, or are they boring and unnecessary? Decodable books let beginners practice the sounds they have just learned, and many phonics programs use them. The direct research on them is thin and mixed. A common middle path is to use them briefly while also reading richer books aloud. - [Should We Teach with Decodable Text?](https://www.shanahanonliteracy.com/blog/should-we-teach-with-decodable-text) - [Decodable Text Sources](https://www.thereadingleague.org/decodable-text-sources/) - [Bob Books](https://bobbooks.com/) ### How much does reading aloud to my child really matter? Shared reading is linked to better vocabulary and later reading, and even one book a day adds up to hundreds of thousands of extra words heard before kindergarten. Recent, more careful meta-analyses suggest the effects are real but moderate, so it helps most as a regular, enjoyable habit. - [When Children Are Not Read to at Home: The Million Word Gap](https://doi.org/10.1097/DBP.0000000000000657) - [The impact of shared book reading on children's language skills: A meta-analysis](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2019.100290) - [Literacy Promotion: An Essential Component of Primary Care Pediatric Practice](https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2014-1384) - [Read to kids, but not necessarily from birth](https://www.danielwillingham.com/daniel-willingham-science-and-education-blog/read-to-kids-but-not-necessarily-from-birth) ### What is dialogic reading and how do I do it? Dialogic reading means turning the child into the storyteller: ask open questions, expand on what they say, and praise them. Studies find it boosts vocabulary, with the biggest gains for two- and three-year-olds. - [Accelerating language development through picture book reading](https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.24.4.552) - [Added Value of Dialogic Parent-Child Book Readings: A Meta-Analysis](https://doi.org/10.1080/10409280701838603) - [Shared Picture Book Reading Interventions for Child Language Development: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis](https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.13225) ### Are e-books or tablet storybooks as good as print for toddlers? In a small lab study, parents and toddlers talked more and interacted more with print books than with e-books. Reviews find young children understand stories a bit better on paper, though e-books with features tied to the story can narrow the gap. Games and hotspots tend to distract. - [Differences in Parent-Toddler Interactions With Electronic Versus Print Books](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6564071) - [A Comparison of Children's Reading on Paper Versus Screen: A Meta-Analysis](https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654321998074) - [Benefits and Pitfalls of Multimedia and Interactive Features in Technology-Enhanced Storybooks](https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654314566989) - [Don't throw away your printed books: A meta-analysis on the effects of reading media on reading comprehension](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2018.09.003) ### Do audiobooks count as reading? For children who can already read, listening builds the same comprehension, vocabulary and love of stories, so it is not cheating. Audiobooks do not teach decoding, so beginning readers still need practice reading print themselves. - [Is listening to an audio book cheating?](https://www.danielwillingham.com/daniel-willingham-science-and-education-blog/is-listening-to-an-audio-book-cheating) - [Audiobooks in the home in 2026](https://literacytrust.org.uk/research-services/research-reports/audiobooks-in-the-home-in-2026/) - [Libby](https://libbyapp.com/) - [LibriVox](https://librivox.org/) ### Why does background knowledge matter so much for reading comprehension? Understanding a text depends heavily on what you already know about its topic; in the famous baseball study, weaker readers who knew baseball beat strong readers who did not. Comprehension strategy lessons help a little, but building knowledge through talk, reading and content-rich school pays off longer. - [Effect of prior knowledge on good and poor readers' memory of text](https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.80.1.16) - [The Knowledge Gap](https://www.readbrightly.com/books/9780735213562/the-knowledge-gap-by-natalie-wexler/) - [Rediscovering Knowledge as the Key to Reading](https://www.educationnext.org/rediscovering-knowledge-as-the-key-to-reading/) - [Can Children Be Taught to Comprehend What They Read?](https://www.danielwillingham.com/daniel-willingham-science-and-education-blog/can-children-be-taught-to-comprehend-what-they-read) ### Should my child only read books at their Lexile or reading level? Levels can help find books a child can manage alone, but they are rough guides based on word and sentence features and do not capture content or interest. Researchers argue kids also benefit from harder books with support and from books they simply love. - [Laying Waste to 5 Popular Myths about Reading Instruction](https://www.shanahanonliteracy.com/blog/laying-waste-to-5-popular-myths-about-reading-instruction) - [Lexile](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexile) - [Evaluating readability measures](https://www.danielwillingham.com/daniel-willingham-science-and-education-blog/evaluating-readability-measures) - [Lexile Find a Book](https://hub.lexile.com/find-a-book/) ### My child only reads graphic novels. Is that a problem? Surveys find comic readers enjoy reading more and read more often than non-comic readers, so graphic novels are a fine part of a reading diet. Many experts suggest keeping them while adding read-aloud chapter books, graphic nonfiction and other formats. - [My Child Will Only Read Graphic Novels, Help!](https://www.shanahanonliteracy.com/blog/my-child-will-only-read-graphic-novels-help) - [Children and young people's engagement with comics in 2023](https://literacytrust.org.uk/research-services/research-reports/children-and-young-peoples-engagement-with-comics-in-2023/) - [TOON Books](https://www.toon-books.com/) ### Are kids reading for fun less than they used to, and does it matter? UK surveys show reading enjoyment hit a 20-year low in 2025 before a small rise in 2026, with the biggest drop in the early teens. Reading for pleasure is linked to better vocabulary and school progress, though those studies are observational. - [Children and young people's reading in 2026](https://literacytrust.org.uk/research-services/research-reports/children-and-young-peoples-reading-in-2026/) - [Teenage reading: (Re)framing the challenge](https://literacytrust.org.uk/research-services/research-reports/teenage-reading-reframing-the-challenge/) - [Reading for pleasure and progress in vocabulary and mathematics](https://doi.org/10.1002/berj.3180) - [To read or not to read: A meta-analysis of print exposure from infancy to early adulthood](https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021890) ### Do AI reading tutors work? Software that listens to children read aloud has shown promise since Carnegie Mellon's Project LISTEN, and some vendors report strong results. Most current evidence comes from the companies themselves or pilots, so independent, peer-reviewed trials are still limited. - [Project LISTEN: publications](https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~listen/pubs.html) - [Amira Learning: Research](https://www.amiralearning.com/research.html) - [Read Along: Initial Pilot Findings](https://services.google.com/fh/files/misc/read_along_pilot_findings.pdf) - [Ello](https://www.ello.com/) ### Is handwriting still worth teaching if kids will type everything? Studies with young children suggest writing letters by hand helps them learn to recognize letters better than typing. EEG studies show broader brain activity when writing by hand, but those were small and did not measure learning directly. Many experts suggest teaching both. - [The influence of writing practice on letter recognition in preschool children: A comparison between handwriting and typing](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2004.10.019) - [The effects of handwriting experience on functional brain development in pre-literate children](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tine.2012.08.001) - [Handwriting but not typewriting leads to widespread brain connectivity: a high-density EEG study with implications for the classroom](https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1219945/full) - [How Much Mightier Is the Pen than the Keyboard for Note-Taking? A Replication and Extension of Mueller and Oppenheimer (2014)](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-019-09468-2) ### Where can I find good free books for my child? Your public library card unlocks free e-books and audiobooks through apps like Libby. Free sites like Storyline Online, Unite for Literacy and StoryWeaver offer picture books, and Dolly Parton's Imagination Library mails free books to children under five in many areas. - [Libby](https://libbyapp.com/) - [Storyline Online](https://www.storylineonline.net/) - [Unite for Literacy](https://www.uniteforliteracy.com/) - [StoryWeaver](https://storyweaver.org.in/) - [Dolly Parton's Imagination Library](https://imaginationlibrary.com/) ### Does early math really matter that much before kindergarten? Large long-term studies find that math skills at school entry are among the strongest predictors of later math and even reading achievement. These are associations, not proof that drilling preschoolers helps, but playful counting, comparing and shape talk are a low-cost bet. - [School Readiness and Later Achievement](https://sites.uci.edu/gduncan/files/2021/03/School-readiness-pdf.pdf) - [What's Past Is Prologue: Relations Between Early Mathematics Knowledge and High School Achievement](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4719158/) - [Early Math Matters: Kindergarten Number Competence and Later Mathematics Outcomes](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2782699/) - [Which Preschool Mathematics Competencies Are Most Predictive of Fifth Grade Achievement?](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4819335/) ### What are the best things to do at home with a toddler or preschooler? Talk about numbers in daily life (count real objects, ask "how many?", compare sizes), play simple numbered board games, and read math-rich picture books. Research on number talk and board games supports these, though the studies are mostly small. - [What counts in the development of young children's number knowledge?](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2998540/) - [Playing linear numerical board games promotes low-income children's numerical development](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18801120/) - [DREME Family Math](https://familymath.stanford.edu/) - [Making the Most of Talk About Numbers](https://dreme.stanford.edu/news/making-the-most-of-talk-about-numbers/) - [Talking Math With Your Kids](https://talkingmathwithkids.com/) ### Do board games like Chutes and Ladders actually help with math? Linear numbered board games helped low-income preschoolers' number sense in short randomized studies; versions with colors instead of numbers did not. The effect is about understanding the number line, so games where you count spaces out loud work best. - [Playing linear numerical board games promotes low-income children's numerical development](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18801120/) - [Prime Climb](https://mathforlove.com/games/prime-climb/) - [Teaching Math to Young Children (WWC Practice Guide)](https://ies.ed.gov/ncee/wwc/practiceguide/18) ### I'm bad at math and anxious about it. Will that rub off on my child? It can: one study found children of math-anxious parents learned less math only when those parents helped with homework often. Structured, low-stress activities such as math story apps seemed to close that gap, so how you help matters more than your own skill. - [Intergenerational Effects of Parents' Math Anxiety on Children's Math Achievement and Anxiety](https://sites.temple.edu/cognitionlearning/files/2015/09/Maloney-et-al-2015.pdf) - [Math at home adds up to achievement in school](https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aac7427) - [Disassociating the relation between parents' math anxiety and children's math achievement: Long-term effects of a math app intervention](https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0000490) - [Ask the Cognitive Scientist: Math Anxiety: Can Teachers Help Students Reduce It?](https://www.aft.org/ae/summer2014/beilock_willingham) ### How should I help with math homework without making things worse? Stay calm, ask your child to explain their thinking, show a worked example and compare two methods rather than taking over, and avoid saying "I'm not a math person." If the school uses unfamiliar models, the curriculum's family pages explain them. - [Parents' math anxiety can undermine children's math achievement](https://news.uchicago.edu/story/parents-math-anxiety-can-undermine-childrens-math-achievement) - [Does comparing solution methods facilitate conceptual and procedural knowledge?](https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.99.3.561) - [Eureka Math](https://greatminds.org/math/eurekamath) - [Developing Math Skills (PBS KIDS for Parents)](https://www.pbs.org/parents/learn-grow/all-ages/math) ### Should my child memorize math facts, and are timed tests harmful? Most researchers agree fact fluency matters because it frees working memory for harder problems. Whether short timed practice causes anxiety is disputed: some educators argue against it, while federal intervention guidance recommends brief timed activities to build fluency. Low-stakes, untimed-first practice is a reasonable middle path. - [Fluency Without Fear](https://www.youcubed.org/evidence/fluency-without-fear/) - [Assisting Students Struggling with Mathematics: Intervention in the Elementary Grades](https://ies.ed.gov/ncee/wwc/practiceguide/26) - [Procedural Fluency in Mathematics (position statement)](https://www.nctm.org/Standards-and-Positions/Position-Statements/Procedural-Fluency-in-Mathematics/) - [The Science of Math](https://www.thescienceofmath.com/) ### What is math anxiety and what helps? Math anxiety is fear or tension about math that uses up working memory and can show up as early as first grade. Building real skill, reframing nerves, and adults modeling a calm, positive attitude are the best-supported responses; it is not a diagnosis. - [Ask the Cognitive Scientist: Math Anxiety: Can Teachers Help Students Reduce It?](https://www.aft.org/ae/summer2014/beilock_willingham) - [Math anxiety causes trouble for students as early as first grade](https://news.uchicago.edu/story/math-anxiety-causes-trouble-students-early-first-grade) - [Mathematics Anxiety: What Have We Learned in 60 Years?](https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00508/full) - [The Maths Anxiety Trust](https://www.mathsanxietytrust.com/) ### Do math manipulatives and "concrete-pictorial-abstract" teaching work? On average, manipulatives give small to moderate benefits, but only when the object clearly represents the idea and an adult helps connect it to symbols. Singapore and UK mastery programs build that concrete-to-picture-to-symbol path, and some such programs have strong evidence ratings. - [Ask the Cognitive Scientist: Do Manipulatives Help Students Learn?](https://www.aft.org/ae/fall2017/willingham) - [A meta-analysis of the efficacy of teaching mathematics with concrete manipulatives](https://doi.org/10.1037/a0031084) - [Five Big Ideas in Teaching for Mastery](https://www.ncetm.org.uk/teaching-for-mastery/mastery-explained/five-big-ideas-in-teaching-for-mastery/) - [Singapore math](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore_math) - [Polypad](https://polypad.amplify.com/) ### Are worked examples better than just doing lots of problems? For beginners, studying solved examples alternated with practice problems usually beats problem solving alone, and comparing two solution methods builds flexibility. As skill grows, the examples should fade. - [Organizing Instruction and Study to Improve Student Learning (IES Practice Guide)](https://ies.ed.gov/ncee/wwc/PracticeGuide/1) - [Teaching Strategies for Improving Algebra Knowledge in Middle and High School Students](https://ies.ed.gov/ncee/wwc/practiceguide/20) - [Cognitive load theory: Research that teachers really need to understand](https://education.nsw.gov.au/about-us/education-data-and-research/cese/publications/literature-reviews/cognitive-load-theory) - [Does comparing solution methods facilitate conceptual and procedural knowledge?](https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.99.3.561) ### Do math apps like Khan Academy, Zearn, DreamBox, IXL or Prodigy actually raise scores? Some have independent randomized or quasi-experimental evidence (Zearn, DreamBox, ST Math are rated strong by Evidence for ESSA; Khan Academy has several outside trials), but effects are usually small and depend on steady weekly use. Many claims come from the companies themselves and compare heavy users to others, which cannot rule out that stronger students simply use more. - [Evidence for ESSA: Math programs](https://www.evidenceforessa.org/programs/math) - [Zearn: Efficacy Research Studies](https://about.zearn.org/research) - [Multiple Studies Show Khan Academy Drives Learning Gains](https://blog.khanacademy.org/multiple-studies-show-khan-academy-drives-learning-gains-evidence-for-our-platforms-effectiveness/) - [Prodigy: Education Research](https://www.prodigygame.com/main-en/research) - [Advocates to FTC: Prodigy Math Game Preys On Kids and Families](https://fairplayforkids.org/feb-19-2021-advocates-to-ftc-prodigy-math-game-preys-on-kids-and-families/) ### What are the math wars, and what is the fuss about Jo Boaler and California? It is a long US argument over how much to emphasize practice and procedures versus discovery and concepts. California's 2023 framework drew fire over 8th grade algebra, data science and citations of Boaler's work; research suggests concepts and procedures build each other, so neither side alone has the full answer. - [Math wars](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Math_wars) - [PROOF POINTS: Stanford's Jo Boaler talks about her new book 'MATH-ish' and takes on her critics](https://hechingerreport.org/proof-points-stanfords-jo-boaler-book-math-ish-critics/) - [Public Comments on the CMF](https://sites.google.com/view/publiccommentsonthecmf/) - [California adopts controversial changes to math education](https://sfstandard.com/2023/07/12/californias-controversial-math-instruction-framework-faces-big-test/) - [Not a One-Way Street: Bidirectional Relations Between Procedural and Conceptual Knowledge of Mathematics](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-015-9302-x) ### My child loves math. How can I offer more challenge? Puzzle-rich curricula like Beast Academy and Art of Problem Solving, math circles and noncompetitive festivals, and contests such as Math Kangaroo or MATHCOUNTS all offer depth beyond school. Free problem sites like NRICH and Open Middle are a good start before paying for anything. - [Beast Academy](https://beastacademy.com/) - [Art of Problem Solving](https://artofproblemsolving.com/) - [MathCircles.org](https://mathcircles.org/) - [NRICH](https://nrich.maths.org/) - [Mathematical Kangaroo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_Kangaroo) ### Will learning chess make my child better at math? Pooled studies show at best small effects of chess lessons on math, and the better-designed studies show less. Chess is a fine hobby for focus and planning, but not a substitute for math practice. - [Do the benefits of chess instruction transfer to academic and cognitive skills? A meta-analysis](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2016.02.002) - [ChessKid](https://www.chesskid.com/) ### Where can I find free, good-quality math practice and printables? Khan Academy, NRICH, the Math Learning Center apps, K5 Learning and Math-Drills worksheets, Illustrative Mathematics and Eureka Math materials, and PBS KIDS games are all free. Short, regular sessions matter more than which site you pick. - [Khan Academy](https://www.khanacademy.org/) - [NRICH](https://nrich.maths.org/) - [Math Learning Center Apps](https://www.mathlearningcenter.org/apps) - [Free Math Worksheets](https://www.k5learning.com/free-math-worksheets) - [PBS KIDS Math Games](https://pbskids.org/games/math) ### Is screen time with Numberblocks or math shows useful for little kids? Shows designed with math advisers, such as Numberblocks and Peg + Cat, model number ideas in a way kids enjoy, but there is little direct research on their effect on later math. Watching together and then counting real objects is the safest way to make them count. - [Numberblocks](https://www.bbc.co.uk/cbeebies/shows/numberblocks) - [Peg + Cat](https://pbskids.org/peg) - [DREME Family Math](https://familymath.stanford.edu/) ### How much screen time is OK for my toddler or preschooler? The WHO advises no sedentary screen time before age 2 and at most an hour a day for ages 2 to 4. The AAP now puts less weight on a fixed number and asks parents to look at content, what screens crowd out, and whether they watch together. Video chat with family is treated as an exception. - [Guidelines on Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour and Sleep for Children Under 5 Years of Age](https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241550536) - [Kids and Screen Time: How to Use the 5 Cs of Media Guidance](https://healthychildren.org/English/family-life/Media/Pages/kids-and-screen-time-how-to-use-the-5-cs-of-media-guidance.aspx) - [Media and Young Minds (AAP policy statement)](https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2016-2591) ### Can babies and toddlers actually learn from videos? Under about age 3, children learn much less from a screen than from a live person (the video deficit), and baby vocabulary DVDs taught no extra words in a controlled test. Repetition, a parent talking about what is on screen, and live video chat all narrow the gap. - [Transfer of Learning Between 2D and 3D Sources During Infancy: Informing Theory and Practice](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2885850) - [Do Babies Learn From Baby Media?](https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797610384145) - [What Matters for Young Children's Healthy Digital Media Use and Learning? (Screen Deep, Rachel Barr)](https://www.childrenandscreens.org/learn-explore/research/what-matters-for-young-childrens-healthy-digital-media-use-and-learning-rachel-barr-phd/) - [Baby FaceTime: Can Toddlers Learn From Online Video Chat?](https://doi.org/10.1111/desc.12430) ### Does watching together really make a difference? Yes, and it is one of the most consistent findings. Toddlers learned more words from video when a parent watched and talked with them, and the Daniel Tiger benefits showed up mainly when parents discussed the episodes. This is what researchers call joint media engagement. - [Co-viewing Supports Toddlers' Word Learning From Contingent and Noncontingent Video](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2017.09.005) - [The New Coviewing: Designing for Learning through Joint Media Engagement](https://joanganzcooneycenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/jgc_coviewing_desktop.pdf) - [Relation Between Active Mediation, Exposure to Daniel Tiger's Neighborhood, and US Preschoolers' Social and Emotional Development](https://doi.org/10.1080/17482798.2016.1203806) ### Is educational TV like Sesame Street actually good for kids? Good evidence says well-designed preschool shows can help. Sesame Street's early rollout improved school readiness, especially for boys and kids in poorer areas, and local versions in 15 countries showed learning gains. Content matters: shows built around learning goals do better than pure entertainment. - [Early Childhood Education by MOOC: Lessons from Sesame Street](https://www.nber.org/papers/w21229) - [Effects of Sesame Street: A Meta-analysis of Children's Learning in 15 Countries](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2013.01.001) - [Infants' and Toddlers' Television Viewing and Language Outcomes](https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764204271505) ### Is leaving the TV on in the background a problem? Studies suggest it is. With an adult show playing in the background, toddlers played in shorter bursts and parents talked with them less. The effects were small, but turning the TV off when nobody is watching is an easy change. - [The Effects of Background Television on the Toy Play Behavior of Very Young Children](https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2008.01180.x) - [The Impact of Background Television on Parent-Child Interaction](https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01337.x) ### Are fast-paced shows like CoComelon bad for attention? The worry rests mostly on a small 2011 study in which 4-year-olds did worse on self-control tasks right after a fast cartoon. There is little direct research on CoComelon itself. Many experts suggest favoring slower, story-based shows and watching how your own child reacts. - [The Immediate Impact of Different Types of Television on Young Children's Executive Function](https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2010-1919) - [The Relationship Between Television Exposure and Children's Cognition and Behaviour: A Systematic Review](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2016.12.002) - [CoComelon: Parents' Guide and TV Review](https://www.commonsensemedia.org/tv-reviews/cocomelon) - [Low Stimulating TV Shows for Little Kids](https://www.commonsensemedia.org/lists/low-stimulating-tv-shows-for-little-kids) ### Why do experts like Ms. Rachel and Bluey? Ms. Rachel uses speech-therapy techniques like slow, clear words, repetition, gestures and pauses for kids to answer. Bluey models imaginative play and calm parenting in short episodes. Both get praise from experts, but there are no controlled studies of either show yet. - [Ms. Rachel: Parents' Guide and TV Review](https://www.commonsensemedia.org/tv-reviews/ms-rachel) - [Bluey Teaches Children and Parents Alike About How Play Supports Creativity and Other Life Lessons](https://theconversation.com/bluey-teaches-children-and-parents-alike-about-how-play-supports-creativity-and-other-life-lessons-208650) - [Should Your Kid Watch Bluey?](https://technosapiens.substack.com/p/should-your-kid-watch-bluey) ### Is YouTube Kids safe, and how should I set it up? YouTube Kids filters content automatically and makes mistakes, and research found young kids' YouTube viewing is mostly entertainment and ads. The safest setting is approved-content-only mode with search turned off; preteens can move to a supervised YouTube account. - [YouTube Kids](https://www.youtubekids.com/) - [YouTube Kids and YouTube Supervised Experiences: Viewing Options for Families](https://support.google.com/youtube/answer/10315420) - [Parents' Ultimate Guide to YouTube Kids](https://www.commonsensemedia.org/articles/parents-ultimate-guide-to-youtube-kids) - [Young Kids and YouTube: How Ads, Toys, and Games Dominate Viewing](https://www.commonsensemedia.org/research/young-kids-and-youtube-how-ads-toys-and-games-dominate-viewing) ### Can kids really learn skills from how-to videos on YouTube? For school-age kids and older, studies of adult and college learners suggest yes: video added to teaching gives strong gains, and hands-on skills can be learned about as well from video as in person. Pausing, rewatching and then practicing seems to be what makes it work. - [Video Improves Learning in Higher Education: A Systematic Review](https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654321990713) - [Is Online Video-Based Education an Effective Method to Teach Basic Surgical Skills? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9356715) - [Many Turn to YouTube for Children's Content, News, How-To Lessons](https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2018/11/07/many-turn-to-youtube-for-childrens-content-news-how-to-lessons/) ### Does TikTok or YouTube Shorts hurt attention? A 2025 meta-analysis linked heavier short-form video use to weaker attention and self-control and poorer mental health. Nearly all the studies were snapshots, so they cannot show that short videos cause the problems. Research on young children is just starting. - [Feeds, Feelings, and Focus: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Examining the Cognitive and Mental Health Correlates of Short-Form Video Use](https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000498) - [Short-Form Video Media Use Is Associated With Greater Inattentive Symptoms in Thai School-Age Children](https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70656) - [Attention, Media Use, and Children](https://www.childrenandscreens.org/learn-explore/research/attention-media-use-and-children/) ### Is Jonathan Haidt right that phones caused the teen mental health crisis? It is an open, heated debate. Haidt and Twenge point to teen distress rising as smartphones spread. Critics like Candice Odgers, Amy Orben and Andrew Przybylski, and a National Academies panel, find mostly small average links and say the evidence does not show social media is the main cause, though some teens are clearly harmed. - [The Anxious Generation: How the Great Rewiring of Childhood Is Causing an Epidemic of Mental Illness](https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/729231/the-anxious-generation-by-jonathan-haidt/) - [The Great Rewiring: Is Social Media Really Behind an Epidemic of Teenage Mental Illness?](https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-00902-2) - [The Association Between Adolescent Well-Being and Digital Technology Use](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-018-0506-1) - [Social Media and Adolescent Health](https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27396/social-media-and-adolescent-health) ### Do school phone bans work? Evidence is mixed. An older English study found test scores rose after bans, especially for struggling students, but a 2025 study of 30 English schools found strict bans alone were not linked to better well-being or grades. Teachers widely report phones as a classroom distraction. - [Ill Communication: Technology, Distraction and Student Performance](https://cep.lse.ac.uk/pubs/download/dp1350.pdf) - [School Phone Policies and Their Association With Mental Wellbeing, Phone Use, and Social Media Use (SMART Schools)](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanepe.2025.101211) - [72% of U.S. High School Teachers Say Cellphone Distraction Is a Major Problem in the Classroom](https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2024/06/12/72-percent-of-us-high-school-teachers-say-cellphone-distraction-is-a-major-problem-in-the-classroom/) ### When should my child get a smartphone? There is no research-proven age. Haidt suggests waiting until high school, and pledges like Wait Until 8th and Smartphone Free Childhood help families in the same class delay together. The AAP and APA focus on readiness, setting limits together, and starting with a basic phone or watch. - [Wait Until 8th](https://www.waituntil8th.org/) - [Smartphone Free Childhood](https://www.smartphonefreechildhood.org/) - [Health Advisory on Social Media Use in Adolescence](https://www.apa.org/topics/social-media-internet/health-advisory-adolescent-social-media-use) - [The 5 Cs of Media Use](https://www.aap.org/5Cs) ### Is screen time linked to worse brain or school outcomes in big studies? Large studies like ABCD usually find small links between more screen time and slightly worse sleep, mood or grades, and family income often matters more. Brain-scan findings in small samples get big headlines but cannot show cause. - [Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study](https://abcdstudy.org/) - [Screen Time and Early Adolescent Mental Health, Academic, and Social Outcomes in 9- and 10-Year-Old Children: Utilizing the ABCD Study](https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256591) - [Associations Between Screen-Based Media Use and Brain White Matter Integrity in Preschool-Aged Children](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6830442/) - [Associations Between Screen Use and Child Language Skills: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis](https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.0327) ### What is a family media plan and is it worth making? It is a short written agreement covering screen-free times and places, device bedtimes and which content is OK. The AAP offers a free builder. Studies of plans themselves are limited, but they fit the research on protecting sleep, play and family time. - [AAP Family Media Plan](https://www.healthychildren.org/English/fmp/Pages/MediaPlan.aspx) - [Kids and Screen Time: How to Use the 5 Cs of Media Guidance](https://healthychildren.org/English/family-life/Media/Pages/kids-and-screen-time-how-to-use-the-5-cs-of-media-guidance.aspx) - [The Art of Screen Time: How Your Family Can Balance Digital Media and Real Life](https://www.hachettebookgroup.com/titles/anya-kamenetz/the-art-of-screen-time/9781610396738/) ### Will my kid eat more vegetables if they help cook? Probably a little. Surveys and small lab studies link cooking with parents to liking and eating more vegetables, but reviews of randomized cooking programs find they reliably build skills and confidence while changes in actual diet are less consistent. - [Outcomes of children's cooking programs: a systematic review of intervention studies](https://resolve.cambridge.org/core/journals/proceedings-of-the-nutrition-society/article/outcomes-of-childrens-cooking-programs-a-systematic-review-of-intervention-studies/B7B726099583C0A092EC159E59F27D9F) - [The Association Between Child Cooking Involvement in Food Preparation and Fruit and Vegetable Intake in a Hispanic Youth Population](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7108796) - [Children who cook eat more greens](https://www.nestle.com.au/en/media/children-who-cook-eat-more-greens) - [Kids who cook are hungrier for healthy food choices](https://sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/06/120627103352.htm) ### How many times do I have to offer a new food before my child accepts it? Studies of babies, preschoolers and grade-schoolers point to roughly 8 to 10 small, no-pressure tastes for a new or disliked vegetable, with more tastes bringing bigger gains. It does not work for every child, and some need fewer or more tries. - [Systematic review and meta-analysis of strategies to increase vegetable consumption in preschool children aged 2-5 years](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29702128/) - [Repeated exposure to food and food acceptability in infants and toddlers: a systematic review](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30982874/) - [Repeated taste exposure increases liking for vegetables by low-income elementary school children](https://repository.lsu.edu/nutrition_pubs/44) ### What is the Division of Responsibility, and does it help with picky eating? It is dietitian Ellyn Satter's rule of thumb: parents decide what, when and where food is served, and kids decide whether and how much to eat. It is widely recommended to lower mealtime battles, and it fits pediatricians' advice to avoid pressure and bribes, though it is an expert framework rather than something proven in large trials. - [How To Feed Your Child: Birth Through Adolescence](https://www.ellynsatterinstitute.org/?p=37110) - [What is the Division of Responsibility in Feeding?](https://thrive.psu.edu/blog/the-division-of-responsibility/) - [10 Tips for Parents of Picky Eaters](https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/toddler/nutrition/Pages/Picky-Eaters.aspx) ### What kitchen jobs can my child do at each age? Toddlers can wash produce, tear greens and stir; preschoolers can pour, spread and mash; early grade-schoolers can measure, crack eggs and cut soft foods; and many 8- to 12-year-olds can follow simple recipes on their own with an adult nearby. Ages are rough guides, so match jobs to your child's focus and coordination. - [Kitchen Tasks for Different Age Groups](https://www.mondaycampaigns.org/kids-cook-monday/kitchen-tasks-for-different-age-groups) - [Skills By Age](https://www.williams-sonoma.com/recipe/tip/skills-by-age.html) - [Kids' kitchen tasks and chores by age](https://reviewed.com/cooking/features/kids-kitchen-tasks-and-chores-by-age) ### When can my child use a real knife? Most guides start with butter knives or nylon kid knives on soft foods around ages 2 to 5, a small sharp knife with close supervision around 6 to 8, and a chef's knife for many kids around 10, always teaching the claw grip first. Readiness depends on the child, not the birthday. - [Knife Skills 101: A Parent's Guide To Teaching Kids Safe Cutting](https://www.raddishkids.com/blogs/kitchen-basics/knife-skills-101-a-parents-guide-to-teaching-kids-safe-cutting) - [Building confidence in your junior chef: Kitchen knife skills](https://www.canr.msu.edu/news/building_confidence_in_your_junior_chef_kitchen_knife_skills) - [Knife Skills for Kids](https://thegingeredwhisk.com/knife-skills-for-kids/) ### What food safety rules should kids learn first? U.S. food safety agencies teach four steps: clean (wash hands and surfaces), separate (keep raw meat apart), cook (use a thermometer) and chill (refrigerate leftovers within two hours). Free kids' activities and lessons exist for every grade. - [Test your students' food safety knowledge by letting them have a run of the kitchen](https://www.foodsafety.gov/blog/test-your-students-food-safety-knowledge-letting-them-have-run-kitchen) - [Fight BAC! Partnership for Food Safety Education](https://www.fightbac.org/) - [Kitchen Safety fact sheet](https://dphhs.mt.gov/assets/ecfsd/WIC/NutritionEducation/FactSheets/kitchensafety.pdf) ### What are good cooking resources for kids? Well-regarded picks include ChopChop (a nonprofit family cooking magazine), America's Test Kitchen Kids (kid-tested recipes and cookbooks), paid kits and courses like Raddish and Kids Cook Real Food, and free school curricula from Jamie Oliver's 10 Skills program. - [ChopChop Family](https://www.chopchopfamily.org/) - [ATK Kids](https://www.americastestkitchen.com/kids) - [Raddish Kids Cooking Subscription Box](https://www.raddishkids.com/products/monthly-kids-cooking-subscription-box) - [Kids Cook Real Food (Raising Healthy Families)](https://raisinghealthyfamilies.com/) - [Jamie Oliver's 10 Cooking Skills for Life (USA)](https://10skills.jamieoliver.com/usa) ### Do school or home gardens help kids eat better? Reviews find most garden programs raise kids' willingness to try and eat vegetables, especially when growing is paired with tasting and nutrition lessons, but many studies are small or not randomized. - [Increasing Fruit and Vegetable Intake among Children and Youth through Gardening-Based Interventions: A Systematic Review](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27964852/) - [The Child in the Garden: An Evaluative Review of the Benefits of School Gardening](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.3200/JOEE.40.2.15-38) - [Why Garden With Kids?](https://kidsgardening.org/why-garden-with-kids/) - [KidsGardening](https://kidsgardening.org/) ### Is outdoor time actually good for kids, or is that just nostalgia? There is some solid evidence: a randomized trial found an extra 40 minutes outdoors at school cut new nearsightedness, and reviews link outdoor and risky play to more physical activity and social skills. Many other claimed benefits rest on weaker, correlational studies. - [Effect of Time Spent Outdoors at School on the Development of Myopia Among Children in China: A Randomized Clinical Trial](https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2441261) - [What is the Relationship between Risky Outdoor Play and Health in Children? A Systematic Review](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4483710/) - [Children & Nature Network Research Library](https://research.childrenandnature.org/) - [Last Child in the Woods](https://richardlouv.com/books/last-child/) ### How do I let my kid take more risks and be more independent without being reckless? Researchers and advocates suggest small, planned steps, like errands, walking to a friend's house, or climbing and using real tools, while you work on your own worries. Free tools from a university play lab and from Let Grow walk parents through this. - [Outside Play Parent Tool](https://outsideplay.org/) - [Let Grow](https://letgrow.org/) - [The Let Grow Experience](https://letgrow.org/program/the-let-grow-project/) - [5 dangerous things you should let your kids do](https://www.ted.com/talks/gever_tulley_5_dangerous_things_you_should_let_your_kids_do) ### Is less free play behind rising anxiety in kids? Psychologist Peter Gray and the Let Grow founders argue that shrinking independent play has contributed to kids' anxiety, and the idea is influential. It is a plausible, debated argument built mostly on trends and correlations, not on direct trials. - [Play Makes Us Human](https://petergray.substack.com/) - [Free to Learn](https://letgrow.org/book/free-to-learn/) - [Free-Range Kids](https://www.freerangekids.com/) ### Is it OK for my kid to be bored? Likely yes. Research on mind-wandering suggests idle time can feed creative thinking, though studies on children specifically are limited. Leaving some unscheduled time is a low-risk choice. - [How boredom can lead to your most brilliant ideas](https://www.ted.com/talks/manoush_zomorodi_how_boredom_can_lead_to_your_most_brilliant_ideas) - [Play Makes Us Human](https://petergray.substack.com/) ### Will music lessons make my child smarter? Probably not in the IQ or test-score sense: the strongest meta-analysis and careful randomized trials find little to no transfer once study quality is accounted for, though some brain studies and other researchers see benefits for listening and language. Music is well worth doing for its own sake. - [Cognitive and academic benefits of music training with children: A multilevel meta-analysis](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7683441/) - [Two Randomized Trials Provide No Consistent Evidence for Nonmusical Cognitive Benefits of Brief Preschool Music Enrichment](https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0082007) - [Brainvolts (Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory)](https://brainvolts.northwestern.edu/) - [How playing an instrument benefits your brain](https://www.ted.com/talks/anita_collins_how_playing_an_instrument_benefits_your_brain) ### Do arts programs help kids in school? A large randomized trial in Houston found more arts experiences cut discipline problems and improved writing and compassion, but did not change math or reading scores. - [New evidence of the benefits of arts education](https://www.brookings.edu/articles/new-evidence-of-the-benefits-of-arts-education/) - [Tate Kids](https://www.tate.org.uk/kids) - [Art for Kids Hub](https://www.artforkidshub.com/) ### When should I start teaching my kids about money? Earlier than most people think. A U.S. government review argues habits like planning and waiting for rewards start forming in the preschool years, and it offers free age-by-age activities and book lists. - [Money as You Grow](https://www.consumerfinance.gov/consumer-tools/money-as-you-grow/) - [Building Blocks to Help Youth Achieve Financial Capability](https://www.consumerfinance.gov/data-research/research-reports/building-blocks-help-youth-achieve-financial-capability/) - [The Opposite of Spoiled](https://www.ronlieber.com/) ### Does talking to my baby really matter if they can't talk back yet? Yes, as far as the evidence goes. Back-and-forth exchanges (a baby's babble or point, your response) are linked to language-area brain activity and to later vocabulary and IQ, though most studies are correlational and small. Responding to your child seems to matter more than the raw number of words they hear. - [Serve and Return: Back-and-forth exchanges](https://developingchild.harvard.edu/science/key-concepts/serve-and-return/) - [Beyond the 30-Million-Word Gap: Children's Conversational Exposure Is Associated With Language-Related Brain Function](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5945324/) - [Language Experience in the Second Year of Life Predicts Language Outcomes in Late Childhood](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6192025/) - [How-to: 5 Steps for Brain-Building Serve and Return](https://developingchild.harvard.edu/resources/5-steps-for-brain-building-serve-and-return/) ### Is the '30 million word gap' real? It is contested. Hart and Risley's small 1990s study found big income differences in words heard; a 2018 replication that counted talk from all caregivers did not, while other researchers argue that talk aimed directly at the child still differs by income. Both sides agree that conversation with a child is what helps. - [The Early Catastrophe: The 30 Million Word Gap by Age 3](https://www.aft.org/periodical/american-educator/spring-2003/early-catastrophe) - [Reexamining the Verbal Environments of Children From Different Socioeconomic Backgrounds](https://srcd.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/cdev.13072) - [Language Matters: Denying the Existence of the 30-Million-Word Gap Has Serious Consequences](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10370358/) - [Are Poor Kids Really Behind by 30 Million Words? A Debate Rages as New Research Questions One of Early Childhood's Premier Studies](https://www.the74million.org/article/are-poor-kids-really-behind-by-30-million-words-a-debate-rages-as-new-research-questions-one-of-early-childhoods-premier-studies-and-researchers-say-its-more-complicated/) ### Do sticker charts and rewards kill my child's motivation? Sometimes. Experiments show that promised, tangible rewards for something a child already enjoys can lower their later interest, while surprise rewards and informative feedback usually do not. Rewards may still help briefly for chores or tasks a child has no interest in, and researchers still debate how big the harm is. - [Undermining children's intrinsic interest with extrinsic reward: A test of the "overjustification" hypothesis](https://doi.org/10.1037/h0035519) - [A Meta-Analytic Review of Experiments Examining the Effects of Extrinsic Rewards on Intrinsic Motivation](https://depts.washington.edu/techdocs/papers/deciExtrinsicRewardsAndIntrinsicMotivation99.pdf) - [Reinforcement, Reward, and Intrinsic Motivation: A Meta-Analysis](https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543064003363) - [Theory - Self-Determination Theory](https://selfdeterminationtheory.org/theory/) ### How should I praise my child? The research leans toward specific, sincere praise for effort, strategy and actions ('you tried a new way') rather than traits ('you're so smart') or over-the-top praise. Toddlers who heard more effort-focused praise held more growth-minded beliefs years later, but these are mostly correlational and lab findings. - [Parent Praise to 1-3 Year-Olds Predicts Children's Motivational Frameworks 5 Years Later](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3655123/) - [Praise for intelligence can undermine children's motivation and performance](https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.75.1.33) - [The effects of praise on children's intrinsic motivation: A review and synthesis](https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.128.5.774) - ["That's Not Just Beautiful - That's Incredibly Beautiful!": The Adverse Impact of Inflated Praise on Children With Low Self-Esteem](https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797613514251) ### Does growth mindset actually work? The honest answer is: a little, for some kids. Large meta-analyses find small average effects of mindset programs on grades, with the clearest benefits for lower-achieving students in supportive schools, and researchers still disagree about whether the effect is real or near zero once study quality is considered. - [To What Extent and Under Which Circumstances Are Growth Mind-Sets Important to Academic Achievement? Two Meta-Analyses](https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0956797617739704) - [A national experiment reveals where a growth mindset improves achievement](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1466-y) - ["Do growth mindset interventions impact students' academic achievement?" A systematic review and meta-analysis with recommendations for best practices](https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000352) - [A systematic review and meta-analysis of growth mindset interventions: For whom, how, and why might such interventions work?](https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000368) ### Is grit something I should be trying to build in my child? Perseverance matters, but grit as measured overlaps heavily with ordinary conscientiousness and predicts performance only modestly. There is little evidence yet on how to teach grit directly, so it is not a cure-all. - [Grit: Perseverance and passion for long-term goals](https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.92.6.1087) - [Much ado about grit: A meta-analytic synthesis of the grit literature](https://doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000102) - [Grit: The power of passion and perseverance](https://www.ted.com/talks/angela_lee_duckworth_grit_the_power_of_passion_and_perseverance) ### Does the marshmallow test predict my child's future? Much less than the famous headlines suggested. A larger 2018 replication found the link between waiting at age 4 and later achievement was smaller and shrank further after accounting for family background, and other work shows kids wait longer when they trust the adult. Self-control in general does matter for later life. - [Revisiting the Marshmallow Test: A Conceptual Replication Investigating Links Between Early Delay of Gratification and Later Outcomes](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6050075/) - [Rational snacking: Young children's decision-making on the marshmallow task is moderated by beliefs about environmental reliability](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2012.08.004) - [A gradient of childhood self-control predicts health, wealth, and public safety](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3041102/) - [Delay of Gratification in Children](https://doi.org/10.1126/science.2658056) ### Do brain-training games improve my child's executive function? Practice on a specific memory or attention game mostly makes kids better at that game, not at reading, math or general reasoning. Everyday activities such as active play, movement games like Simon Says, pretend play and good sleep have better support for building self-control and focus. - [Working Memory Training Does Not Improve Performance on Measures of Intelligence or Other Measures of "Far Transfer": Evidence From a Meta-Analytic Review](https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691616635612) - [Do "Brain-Training" Programs Work?](https://doi.org/10.1177/1529100616661983) - [Activities Guide: Enhancing and Practicing Executive Function Skills with Children from Infancy to Adolescence](https://developingchild.harvard.edu/resources/activities-guide/) - [Interventions shown to Aid Executive Function Development in Children 4-12 Years Old](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3159917/) ### Is play-based learning better than direct teaching for young kids? For some early skills, guided play, where the child leads but an adult sets up the activity and nudges toward a goal, did better than direct instruction in a 2022 meta-analysis, with modest effects mostly in early math and shapes. Evidence for reading is thin, and much of the research is funded by the LEGO Foundation. - [Can guidance during play enhance children's learning and development in educational contexts? A systematic review and meta-analysis](https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1810/331609/Child%20Development%20-%202022%20-%20Skene%20-%20Can%20guidance%20during%20play%20enhance%20children%20s%20learning%20and%20development%20in%20educational.pdf?sequence=4) - [Guided Play: Where Curricular Goals Meet a Playful Pedagogy](https://doi.org/10.1111/mbe.12015) - [Does all play and no work make Jack a smart boy?](https://fordhaminstitute.org/national/commentary/does-all-play-and-no-work-make-jack-smart-boy) - [The Power of Play: A Pediatric Role in Enhancing Development in Young Children](https://publications.aap.org/pediatrics/article/142/3/e20182058/38649/The-Power-of-Play-A-Pediatric-Role-in-Enhancing) ### How much sleep does my child need, and does it affect learning? U.S. expert guidance is about 10 to 13 hours (with naps) for ages 3 to 5, 9 to 12 for ages 6 to 12 and 8 to 10 for teens. Shorter or poorer sleep and daytime sleepiness are consistently linked to lower school performance, though most of that evidence is correlational. - [Recommended Amount of Sleep for Pediatric Populations: A Consensus Statement of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4877308/) - [About Sleep](https://www.cdc.gov/sleep/about/index.html) - [The influence of sleep quality, sleep duration and sleepiness on school performance in children and adolescents: A meta-analytic review](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2009.10.004) ### Does exercise help kids think and learn better? Probably somewhat. A randomized after-school exercise trial improved children's attention control, and reviews find promising but inconsistent links to grades. Time spent on physical activity does not appear to hurt academic learning. - [Effects of the FITKids Randomized Controlled Trial on Executive Control and Brain Function](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4179093/) - [Physical Activity, Fitness, Cognitive Function, and Academic Achievement in Children: A Systematic Review](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4874515/) - [Child Activity: An Overview](https://www.cdc.gov/physical-activity-basics/guidelines/children.html) ### Is homework worth it in elementary school? The research finds little achievement benefit from homework in elementary grades and a clearer link in middle and high school, with diminishing returns when there is too much. Some reading at home may be the exception worth protecting. - [Does Homework Improve Academic Achievement? A Synthesis of Research, 1987-2003](https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543076001001) - [Duke Study: Homework Helps Students Succeed in School, As Long as There Isn't Too Much](https://today.duke.edu/2006/03/homework.html) - [The Homework Myth: Why Our Kids Get Too Much of a Bad Thing](https://www.alfiekohn.org/homework-myth/) ### Should I help my child with homework? For middle schoolers, what mattered most was talking about goals, plans and why learning matters, not sitting over every assignment; direct homework help had inconsistent effects. Being available and supportive without taking over seems the safer bet. - [Parental Involvement in Middle School: A Meta-Analytic Assessment of the Strategies That Promote Achievement](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2782391/) - [Does Homework Improve Academic Achievement? A Synthesis of Research, 1987-2003](https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543076001001) ### Will raising my child bilingual confuse them or make them smarter? Neither claim holds up well. Bilingual children are not more likely to have language delays, and their combined vocabulary across both languages is on track; but recent meta-analyses find little reliable thinking-skill bonus from bilingualism. The main benefits are the languages themselves and family connection. - [Bilingualism in the Early Years: What the Science Says](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6168212/) - [Is bilingualism related to a cognitive advantage in children? A systematic review and meta-analysis](https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000301) - [Bilingualism: Consequences for Mind and Brain](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3322418/) ### Do kids today really have the attention span of a goldfish? No good evidence supports the '8-second' or '10-minute' attention span claims. Attention depends on the task, interest and setting, and children's executive function skills, including focus, can be strengthened through play, sleep and exercise. - [Attention span during lectures: 8 seconds, 10 minutes, or more?](https://doi.org/10.1152/advan.00109.2016) - [Executive Functions](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4084861/) - [The psychology and neuroscience of curiosity](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4635443/) ### What are the early signs of dyslexia, and when can it be spotted? Signs often show up before reading starts: trouble rhyming, hearing single sounds in words, or quickly naming familiar things, plus a family history of reading trouble. Screeners can flag risk in kindergarten, and a full evaluation by a qualified professional is what confirms it. - [Is Your Child Having Trouble Reading? Warning Signs and a Checklist](https://improvingliteracy.org/resource/is-your-child-having-trouble-reading/) - [What is Dyslexia?](https://dyslexia.yale.edu/dyslexia/what-is-dyslexia/) - [UCSF Multitudes](https://multitudes.ucsf.edu/) - [What is dyslexia?](https://www.understood.org/en/articles/what-is-dyslexia) ### What kind of reading teaching works best for a child with dyslexia? The strongest evidence supports explicit, systematic teaching of sounds and letter patterns with lots of practice (often called structured literacy). Branded programs such as Orton-Gillingham follow this idea, but a 2021 meta-analysis did not find they beat other well-structured reading help, so ask what is taught and how progress is measured rather than relying on the brand. - [How to Teach Kids With Dyslexia to Read](https://childmind.org/article/how-to-teach-kids-with-dyslexia-to-read/) - [Current State of the Evidence: Examining the Effects of Orton-Gillingham Reading Interventions for Students With or at Risk for Word-Level Reading Disabilities](https://doi.org/10.1177/0014402921993406) - [What is Orton-Gillingham?](https://www.understood.org/en/articles/orton-gillingham-what-you-need-to-know) - [A dyslexia primer](https://www.readingrockets.org/blogs/sound-it-out/dyslexia-primer) ### Is listening to audiobooks or text-to-speech cheating, or will it stop my child from learning to read? Research finds read-aloud tools give a modest boost to comprehension for students with reading disabilities, because they let kids reach grade-level ideas and vocabulary. They do not teach decoding on their own, so most experts suggest using them alongside reading instruction, not instead of it. - [Does Use of Text-to-Speech and Related Read-Aloud Tools Improve Reading Comprehension for Students With Reading Disabilities? A Meta-Analysis](https://doi.org/10.1177/0022219416688170) - [Assistive technology for reading](https://www.understood.org/en/articles/assistive-technology-for-reading) - [Learning Ally](https://learningally.org/) - [Bookshare](https://www.bookshare.org/) ### Which free tools can read text aloud or type what my child says? Many are already built in: Microsoft Immersive Reader, Apple's accessibility features, and Google Docs voice typing are free, and Bookshare and the Library of Congress's NLS offer free accessible books to qualifying US readers. Paid apps like Speechify or Read&Write add convenience but are not required to start. - [Microsoft Learning Tools and Immersive Reader](https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/education/products/learning-tools) - [Apple Accessibility](https://www.apple.com/accessibility/) - [Type & edit with your voice (Google Docs voice typing)](https://support.google.com/docs/answer/4492226) - [National Library Service for the Blind and Print Disabled](https://www.loc.gov/nls/) - [Bookshare](https://www.bookshare.org/) ### Do special dyslexia fonts or colored overlays help? Studies of dyslexia fonts have generally not found faster or more accurate reading, though some children simply prefer them, which is fine. Spacing, larger text and read-aloud tools tend to be more useful than a special typeface. - [The effect of a specialized dyslexia font, OpenDyslexic, on reading rate and accuracy](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11881-016-0127-1) - [Assistive technology for reading](https://www.understood.org/en/articles/assistive-technology-for-reading) ### Do screens or video games cause ADHD? There is no good evidence that screens cause ADHD. One large study of teens found heavy digital media use was linked to a slightly higher chance of later ADHD symptoms, but the effect was modest and could not prove cause. Many experts suggest fitting screen rules to your own child, watching sleep and mood. - [Association of Digital Media Use With Subsequent Symptoms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Among Adolescents](https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2687861) - [Neurodivergent Kids and Screen Time](https://childmind.org/article/screens-and-neurodivergent-kids/) - [Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)](https://www.cdc.gov/adhd/) ### Can a video game or brain-training app treat ADHD? One prescription game, EndeavorRx, is FDA-authorized and improved scores on a computer attention test in trials, but changes in everyday behavior were less clear, and it is meant as an add-on. Broader reviews of brain-training find gains mostly on the trained tasks rather than in daily ADHD symptoms. - [EndeavorRx](https://www.endeavorrx.com/) - [Cognitive Training for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Meta-Analysis of Clinical and Neuropsychological Outcomes From Randomized Controlled Trials](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2014.12.010) - [Parenting a Child with ADHD](https://chadd.org/for-parents/overview/) ### How can I help a disorganized, forgetful child build executive function skills? Executive skills grow with practice and support: routines, visual schedules, breaking tasks into steps, and games that exercise memory and self-control. Harvard's free activities guide and the Smart but Scattered approach are practical places to start; AI task-breakdown tools can help older kids, but have little research behind them. - [Activities Guide: Enhancing and Practicing Executive Function Skills with Children from Infancy to Adolescence](https://developingchild.harvard.edu/resources/handouts-tools/activities-guide-enhancing-and-practicing-executive-function-skills/) - [What is executive function?](https://www.understood.org/en/articles/what-is-executive-function) - [Smart but Scattered Kids](https://www.smartbutscatteredkids.com/) - [Goblin Tools](https://goblin.tools/) ### Will an AAC device or app stop my child from learning to talk? Speech-language professionals and AAC users report the opposite worry is unfounded: AAC gives a child a way to communicate now and generally supports, rather than replaces, spoken language. Free options like Cboard let families try it while waiting for an evaluation. - [Growing Up with AAC](https://www.asha.org/public/speech/disorders/growing-up-with-aac/) - [PrAACtical AAC](https://praacticalaac.org/) - [Proloquo2Go](https://www.assistiveware.com/products/proloquo2go) - [Cboard](https://www.cboard.io/) ### Can AI help autistic kids with social skills? Early research is promising but thin. A Stanford trial of AI emotion-coaching glasses found improvement on one of four measures, and researchers have proposed chatbots as practice partners, but few studies have tested chatbots with children. Treat these as experiments, and listen to what autistic adults say about the goals of social-skills training. - [Effect of Wearable Digital Intervention for Improving Socialization in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial](https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/2728462) - [Social Skill Training with Large Language Models](https://arxiv.org/abs/2404.04204) - [NeuroClastic](https://neuroclastic.com/) ### My child is late to talk or struggles with language but has no other diagnosis. What could it be? One common possibility is developmental language disorder (DLD), which affects about 1 in 14 children and often goes unnamed. A speech-language pathologist can evaluate it; early therapy helps, and DLD raises the risk of later reading problems, so it is worth checking. - [Developmental Language Disorder](https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/developmental-language-disorder) - [RADLD: Raising Awareness of Developmental Language Disorder](https://radld.org/) - [Communication Milestones: Age Ranges](https://www.asha.org/public/developmental-milestones/communication-milestones/) - [ASHA ProFind](https://www.asha.org/profind/) ### What is dyscalculia and how do I help with math at home? Dyscalculia is a lifelong difficulty with number sense, thought to be about as common as dyslexia but much less recognized. Hands-on materials, extra time, calculators as accommodations and easing math anxiety help; targeted practice on quantity sense is the focus of research. - [What is dyscalculia?](https://www.understood.org/en/articles/what-is-dyscalculia) - [How to Help Kids With Dyscalculia](https://childmind.org/article/how-to-help-kids-dyscalculia/) - [Dyscalculia: From Brain to Education](https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1201536) - [The Dyscalculia Network](https://www.dyscalculianetwork.com/) ### Can a child be gifted and also have a learning disability? Yes. Twice-exceptional (2e) children have both, and their strengths can hide their struggles, or the reverse, so they are often missed. Gifted and 2e organizations offer guides on testing, school options and emotional support. - [Bridges 2e Center](https://2ecenter.org/) - [SENG: Supporting Emotional Needs of the Gifted](https://www.sengifted.org/) - [Is My Child Gifted?](https://www.davidsongifted.org/prospective-families/is-my-child-gifted/) - [Tilt Parenting](https://tiltparenting.com/) ### What is the difference between an IEP and a 504 plan, and who can help me? An IEP provides special education services and specially designed instruction; a 504 plan gives accommodations such as extra time or audiobooks without changing what is taught. Every US state has free, federally funded parent centers that help families through the process. - [What Is an IEP?](https://www.understood.org/en/articles/what-is-an-iep) - [What Is a 504 Plan?](https://www.understood.org/en/articles/what-is-a-504-plan) - [Find Your Parent Center](https://www.parentcenterhub.org/find-your-center/) - [Wrightslaw](https://www.wrightslaw.com/) ### How should schools and app makers use AI for kids with learning differences? Groups like CAST argue AI tools should be designed from the start with disabled learners, following Universal Design for Learning, with teachers kept in charge. Reports note real benefits (read-aloud, task breakdown, IEP drafting help) alongside risks of bias, privacy problems and inaccessible design. - [AI & Accessibility in Education (2024 Blaschke Report)](https://www.cosn.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Blaschke_Report_2024_lfp.pdf) - [Artificial Intelligence & UDL](https://www.cast.org/what-we-do/artificial-intelligence/) - [5 Ways AI & UDL Work Better Together](https://www.cast.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/UDL-AI-20250227-A11Y.pdf) - [CAST Universal Design for Learning Guidelines 3.0](https://udlguidelines.cast.org/) ### How many teens actually use AI for homework? A lot, and the number is rising fast. Pew found teen ChatGPT use for schoolwork doubled from 13% (2023) to 26% (2024), and by fall 2025 just over half of teens had used a chatbot for schoolwork; RAND found 62% of students using AI for homework in late 2025. - [How Teens Use and View AI](https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2026/02/24/how-teens-use-and-view-ai/) - [About a quarter of U.S. teens have used ChatGPT for schoolwork – double the share in 2023](https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2025/01/15/about-a-quarter-of-us-teens-have-used-chatgpt-for-schoolwork/) - [RAND report on student AI use for homework (December 2025 survey)](https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RRA4742-1.html) - [The Dawn of the AI Era: Teens, Parents, and the Adoption of Generative AI at Home and School](https://www.commonsensemedia.org/research/the-dawn-of-the-ai-era-teens-parents-and-the-adoption-of-generative-ai-at-home-and-school) ### Is using ChatGPT for homework cheating? It depends on the assignment's rules and on whether AI does the thinking the task was meant to build. Teens themselves tend to see research help as fine and AI-written essays as not; the clearest fix is a teacher saying exactly how much AI help each assignment allows. - [About a quarter of U.S. teens have used ChatGPT for schoolwork – double the share in 2023](https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2025/01/15/about-a-quarter-of-us-teens-have-used-chatgpt-for-schoolwork/) - [The AI Assessment Scale](https://aiassessmentscale.com/) - [Common Sense Rules for the AI Era](https://www.commonsense.org/education/articles/common-sense-rules-for-the-ai-era) - [Catch them Learning: A Pathway to Academic Integrity in the Age of AI](https://www.cultofpedagogy.com/ai-integrity/) ### Has AI made kids cheat more? Not clearly. Stanford surveys found 60-70% of high schoolers admitted some cheating long before ChatGPT and the rate did not jump in 2023, though many teens now believe classmates use AI to cheat often. Cheating seems driven more by pressure and assignment design than by any single tool. - [What do AI chatbots really mean for students and cheating?](https://ed.stanford.edu/news/what-do-ai-chatbots-really-mean-students-and-cheating) - [How Teens Use and View AI](https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2026/02/24/how-teens-use-and-view-ai/) - [Catch them Learning: A Pathway to Academic Integrity in the Age of AI](https://www.cultofpedagogy.com/ai-integrity/) ### Can teachers tell if my kid used AI? Are AI detectors accurate? Not reliably. Independent tests find detectors inaccurate and easy to fool, they flag non-native English writers far more often, OpenAI withdrew its own detector, and people's gut judgments are no better. A detector score alone should never be treated as proof. - [GPT detectors are biased against non-native English writers](https://arxiv.org/abs/2304.02819) - [Testing of Detection Tools for AI-Generated Text](https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.15666) - [OpenAI quietly shutters its AI text classifier due to low accuracy](https://decrypt.co/149826/openai-quietly-shutters-its-ai-text-classifier-due-to-low-accuracy) - [Human heuristics for AI-generated language are flawed](https://arxiv.org/abs/2206.07271) - [Guidance on AI Detection and Why We're Disabling Turnitin's AI Detector](https://www.vanderbilt.edu/brightspace/2023/08/16/guidance-on-ai-detection-and-why-were-disabling-turnitins-ai-detector/) ### What should we do if my child is falsely accused of using AI? Ask what evidence was used; if it is only a detector score, share the research on false positives and the policies of universities that turned detectors off. Version history, drafts and notes, plus having the student explain the work aloud, are the strongest evidence of authorship. - [Guidance on AI Detection and Why We're Disabling Turnitin's AI Detector](https://www.vanderbilt.edu/brightspace/2023/08/16/guidance-on-ai-detection-and-why-were-disabling-turnitins-ai-detector/) - [GPT detectors are biased against non-native English writers](https://arxiv.org/abs/2304.02819) - [Catch them Learning: A Pathway to Academic Integrity in the Age of AI](https://www.cultofpedagogy.com/ai-integrity/) - [GPTZero](https://gptzero.me/) ### Does using AI make kids worse at thinking? It can, depending on how it is used. Studies link heavy reliance to lower critical thinking and less brain engagement during writing, but most are small, correlational or preprints; the consistent pattern is that letting AI do the work hurts learning while using it to explain or question does not. - [Your Brain on ChatGPT: Accumulation of Cognitive Debt when Using an AI Assistant for Essay Writing Task](https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.08872) - [AI Tools in Society: Impacts on Cognitive Offloading and the Future of Critical Thinking](https://doaj.org/article/d5c17dd91ce64775a065095d8af730ce) - [The Impact of Generative AI on Critical Thinking: Self-Reported Reductions in Cognitive Effort and Confidence Effects From a Survey of Knowledge Workers](https://advait.org/files/lee_2025_ai_critical_thinking_survey.pdf) - [Beware of Metacognitive Laziness: Effects of Generative Artificial Intelligence on Learning Motivation, Processes, and Performance](https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.09315) - [Against "Brain Damage"](https://www.oneusefulthing.org/p/against-brain-damage) ### What does good AI use for homework look like? Use it as a tutor or coach, not an answer machine: ask for hints, explanations, practice questions or feedback on your own draft, and do the first attempt yourself. In a Penn experiment, plain ChatGPT raised practice scores but lowered test scores, while a hint-only tutor avoided the drop. - [Assigning AI: Seven Approaches for Students, with Prompts](https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=4475995) - [Kids who use ChatGPT as a study assistant do worse on tests](https://hechingerreport.org/kids-chatgpt-worse-on-tests/) - [AI Meets the Classroom: When Do Large Language Models Harm Learning?](https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.09047) - [Post-apocalyptic education](https://www.oneusefulthing.org/p/post-apocalyptic-education) ### Should my kid use the 'study mode' or 'learning mode' in chatbots? These modes are designed to ask questions back instead of giving answers, which matches what research suggests helps learning. They are new, described mainly by the companies that sell them, and a student can still switch back to plain answers, so habits matter more than settings. - [Introducing Claude for Education](https://www.anthropic.com/news/introducing-claude-for-education) - [Guided Learning in Gemini: From answers to understanding](https://blog.google/outreach-initiatives/education/guided-learning/) - [Kids who use ChatGPT as a study assistant do worse on tests](https://hechingerreport.org/kids-chatgpt-worse-on-tests/) ### Does AI help or hurt creativity? Both. In one experiment, stories written with AI ideas were rated more creative, especially for weaker writers, but they were more alike; another study found ChatGPT brainstorms less varied. Brainstorming alone first, then using AI, is a sensible approach. - [Generative artificial intelligence enhances creativity but reduces the diversity of novel content](https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.00506) - [Homogenization Effects of Large Language Models on Human Creative Ideation](https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.01536) - [Against "Brain Damage"](https://www.oneusefulthing.org/p/against-brain-damage) ### What should my child's school AI policy say? Good policies say which AI uses are allowed on each assignment, vet tools for privacy and benefit, teach AI literacy, and keep humans in charge of grades and discipline. Many schools still have no clear policy, and students without clear rules report avoiding or misusing AI. - [AI Guidance for Schools Toolkit](https://www.teachai.org/toolkit) - [Common Sense Rules for the AI Era](https://www.commonsense.org/education/articles/common-sense-rules-for-the-ai-era) - [State AI Guidance for K12 Schools](https://www.aiforeducation.io/ai-resources/state-ai-guidance) - [Walton Family Foundation-Gallup Voices of Gen Z: How American Youth View and Use Artificial Intelligence](https://www.gallup.com/analytics/658901/gen-z-ai.aspx) ### How can teens learn to spot AI misinformation and fake images? Looking closely at an image is not enough; studies show people mostly guess. The skill that works is lateral reading: leave the page, see what trusted sources say, and trace a claim to its origin, which a randomized classroom study showed teens can learn. - [Civic Online Reasoning](https://cor.inquirygroup.org/) - [Lateral Reading on the Open Internet](https://cor.inquirygroup.org/research/lateral-reading-on-the-open-internet/) - [SIFT (The Four Moves)](https://hapgood.us/2019/06/19/sift-the-four-moves/) - [A Representative Study on Human Detection of Artificially Generated Media Across Countries](https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.05976) - [Checkology](https://newslit.org/checkology/) ### What do I need to know about deepfake nudes and sextortion? AI 'nudify' apps and sextortion are real risks for teens, with financial sextortion mostly targeting boys. Tell your teen they will never be in trouble for coming to you, not to pay or comply, to keep evidence, and that Take It Down can help remove images taken under 18. - [Deepfake Nudes & Young People: Navigating a New Frontier in Technology-facilitated Nonconsensual Sexual Abuse and Exploitation](https://www.thorn.org/research/library/deepfake-nudes-and-young-people/) - [Grooming and sextortion (Thorn research)](https://www.thorn.org/research/grooming-and-sextortion/) - [Take It Down](https://takeitdown.ncmec.org/) - [Sextortion (NCMEC)](https://www.missingkids.org/theissues/sextortion) ### Will AI take the jobs my kid is training for? Does coding still matter? Nobody knows for sure. Early data show fewer entry-level hires in some AI-exposed jobs, while employers expect demand for AI, tech and human skills like creative thinking to grow; computer science advocates argue understanding how AI works matters more, not less. - [Canaries in the Coal Mine? Six Facts about the Recent Employment Effects of Artificial Intelligence](https://digitaleconomy.stanford.edu/publications/canaries-in-the-coal-mine/) - [Future of Jobs Report 2025](https://reports.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Future_of_Jobs_Report_2025.pdf) - [CSforALL](https://www.csforall.org/) - [AI as Normal Technology](https://www.normaltech.ai/) ### Where can my teen learn how AI actually works? Several free, good options exist: Elements of AI and Crash Course AI for basics, Day of AI, Experience AI and Code.org for classroom-style lessons, and Harvard's CS50 AI for teens who already code. - [Elements of AI](https://www.elementsofai.com/) - [Crash Course Artificial Intelligence](https://thecrashcourse.com/topic/ai/) - [Day of AI](https://dayofai.org/) - [Experience AI](https://experience-ai.org/) - [CS50's Introduction to Artificial Intelligence with Python](https://cs50.harvard.edu/ai/) ### Which AI tutor should I try first for my elementary schooler? For math, Khanmigo (about $4 a month, built on free Khan Academy) and Synthesis Tutor (pricier, made for ages 5 to 11) are the best-known family options; for reading, Ello and Google's free Read Along listen as a child reads aloud. None has strong independent proof yet, so try a free tier and watch whether your child actually sticks with it. - [Khanmigo for families](https://www.khanmigo.ai/parents) - [Synthesis Tutor](https://www.synthesis.com/tutor) - [Ello](https://www.ello.com/) - [Read Along by Google](https://readalong.google.com/) - [Khanmigo vs Synthesis Tutor (side-by-side comparison)](https://homeschoolfox.com/compare/khanmigo-vs-synthesis-tutor) ### Do AI tutors like Khanmigo actually help kids learn? Early independent evidence is mixed. A randomized trial in Tennessee middle schools found struggling students mostly stopped using Khanmigo once it refused to hand over answers, and gains matched plain Khan Academy; a WhatsApp math tutor in Ghana showed larger gains in a study by researchers tied to its makers. Neither result is final, and both papers were not yet peer reviewed. - [Students didn't get answers from Khanmigo. They didn't want its questions, either](https://hechingerreport.org/proof-points-khanmigo-math-ai-tutor/) - [Effective and Scalable Math Support: Evidence on the Impact of an AI-Tutor on Math Achievement in Ghana](https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.09809) - [Study: Edtech Is Rushing AI Integration Before Proving It Works](https://www.edsurge.com/news/study-edtech-is-rushing-ai-integration-before-proving-it-works) ### What are ChatGPT study mode, Gemini Guided Learning and Claude's Learning mode? They are settings in general chatbots that ask questions, give hints and quiz you instead of just answering. They mostly work by giving the same model different instructions, so a student can switch them off, and age rules differ: ChatGPT is for 13 and up, Claude's consumer app for adults, and Gemini offers teen and supervised child accounts. - [Introducing study mode](https://openai.com/index/chatgpt-study-mode/) - [Guided Learning in Gemini: From answers to understanding](https://blog.google/outreach-initiatives/education/guided-learning/) - [Introducing Claude for Education](https://www.anthropic.com/news/introducing-claude-for-education) - [Study and Learn: AI built for your student](https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/education/blog/2026/05/study-and-learn-ai-built-for-your-student/) ### Are homework apps like Photomath, Gauth and Brainly cheating? They can be used to check work or to copy answers, and that choice matters. A working paper on millions of ALEKS math records found students did worse on word problems, the kind easiest to paste into a chatbot, after ChatGPT arrived; asking kids to explain each step back to you is a simple guard. - [Faster solutions, lower test scores: How AI is eroding math skills](https://hechingerreport.org/proof-points-ai-eroding-math-skills/) - [Photomath](https://photomath.com/) - [Gauth](https://www.gauthmath.com/) - [Brainly](https://brainly.com/) ### Can an app that listens to my child read aloud really help? Read-aloud tutors like Amira, Ello, Read Along and Microsoft Reading Coach grow out of decades of speech-recognition reading research, and Amira claims results close to a human tutor. Most outcome claims come from the companies themselves; an independent Boston University trial of Amira was still under way when we checked. - [Amira Learning](https://amiralearning.com/) - [Amira Learning research evidence base](https://hmhco.com/research/amira-learning-research-evidence-base) - [Study of AI and Human Tutoring for Early Reading Development](https://www.bu.edu/hic/?p=39942) - [Microsoft Reading Coach](https://coach.microsoft.com/) ### Are AI bedtime-story apps good for my child? Apps like Oscar Stories, Bedtimestory.ai and Childbook.ai make personalized, illustrated stories and can be fun keepsakes. They usually do not level text for beginning readers or explain their safety filters in detail, so read the story together first and treat them as a treat, not a reading program. - [Oscar Stories](https://oscarstories.com/) - [Bedtimestory.ai](https://www.bedtimestory.ai/) - [Childbook.ai](https://www.childbook.ai/) - [Story Spark](https://storyspark.ai/) ### Should I buy an AI talking toy or robot? Be cautious. Moxie stopped working when its maker shut down in 2024, a FoloToy teddy bear was pulled in 2025 after testers got it to discuss unsafe topics, and big toy makers like Mattel are now partnering with AI companies. Check what the toy records, whether you can read its chats, and what happens if the company closes. - [Moxie Robots](https://moxierobots.com/) - [FoloToy](https://folotoy.com/) - [Mattel and OpenAI Announce Strategic Collaboration](https://corporate.mattel.com/news/mattel-and-openai-announce-strategic-collaboration) - [Curio AI plush toys (Grem, Gabbo, Lingo and friends)](https://heycurio.com/) - [Don't let AI raise your kids](https://hechingerreport.org/dont-let-ai-raise-your-kids/) ### Is there a kid-safe chatbot? A few products filter answers and let parents read chats, such as PinwheelAsk and Khanmigo, and Kidgeni offers a grown-up-managed creative studio. Filters reduce risk but are not perfect, so independent ratings like Common Sense Media's AI risk assessments are worth checking first. - [PinwheelAsk (formerly PinwheelGPT)](https://www.pinwheel.com/ask) - [Khanmigo for families](https://www.khanmigo.ai/parents) - [Kidgeni](https://kidgeni.com/) - [Common Sense Media AI Risk Assessments](https://www.commonsensemedia.org/ai-ratings) ### What AI tools might my child's teacher be using? Common ones are MagicSchool, SchoolAI, Brisk, Diffit, Curipod and Flint, which help plan lessons, re-level readings, give writing feedback or run supervised student chats. Research suggests AI feedback can shift with a student's described background and that heavy reliance on AI lesson planning may make classes duller, so it is fair to ask how teachers check the output. - [MagicSchool](https://www.magicschool.ai/) - [SchoolAI](https://schoolai.com/) - [Brisk Teaching](https://www.briskteaching.com/) - [AI gives more praise, less criticism to Black students](https://hechingerreport.org/proof-points-ai-bias-feedback/) - [Teachers save time with AI. Their students may pay the price](https://hechingerreport.org/proof-points-ai-in-teaching/) ### What is Alpha School and the two-hour learning model? Alpha School is a private network where kids finish core academics in about two hours a morning with adaptive software and AI tutors, then spend afternoons on projects with adult guides; the 2 Hour Learning program licenses the model. Its claims of learning twice as fast come from its own data, and independent evaluations were not available when we checked. - [Alpha School](https://alpha.school/) - [2 Hour Learning](https://2hourlearning.com/) ### How can my kids learn how AI works, not just use it? Free hands-on tools let kids train their own small models and see that AI learns from examples: Teachable Machine, Machine Learning for Kids, MIT's RAISE Playground and Day of AI lessons, and Code.org's AI activities. Most take minutes to start and need no coding. - [Teachable Machine](https://teachablemachine.withgoogle.com/) - [Machine Learning for Kids](https://machinelearningforkids.co.uk/) - [RAISE Playground](https://playground.raise.mit.edu/) - [Day of AI](https://dayofai.org/) - [Code.org AI curriculum and tools](https://code.org/ai) ### How do I check an AI learning app's privacy and evidence before signing up? Look for an independent privacy rating, such as Common Sense's Privacy Program, and badges like Digital Promise's Responsibly Designed AI certification, and ask the company for outside studies. An EdReports review found only one of ten edtech providers could show third-party evidence that its AI features improved learning. - [Common Sense Privacy Program](https://privacy.commonsense.org/) - [Digital Promise Product Certifications](https://digitalpromise.org/product-certifications/) - [Study: Edtech Is Rushing AI Integration Before Proving It Works](https://www.edsurge.com/news/study-edtech-is-rushing-ai-integration-before-proving-it-works) - [Common Sense Media AI Risk Assessments](https://www.commonsensemedia.org/ai-ratings) ### Are there good AI apps for learning English or another language? Buddy.ai is a voice tutor for English as a second language aimed at ages 3 to 7, Speak focuses on spoken conversation for older learners, and Duolingo adds AI role-play in its paid tier. Speaking practice with feedback is the main thing these add over flashcards; independent outcome research is limited. - [Buddy.ai](https://buddy.ai/) - [Speak](https://www.speak.com/) - [Duolingo](https://www.duolingo.com/) - [Buddy.ai is using AI and gaming to help children learn English as a second language](https://techcrunch.com/2024/10/31/buddy-ai-is-using-ai-and-gaming-to-help-children-learn-english-as-a-second-language) ### Are AI talking toys safe for young children? Independent testing in 2025-2026 found real problems: PIRG got some chatbot toys to discuss sex and dangerous objects, and Common Sense found about a quarter of AI toy responses unsuitable for kids. Common Sense advises against AI toys for ages 5 and under and urges caution up to 12. - [Trouble in Toyland 2025: A.I. bots and toxics present hidden dangers](https://pirg.org/resources/trouble-in-toyland-2025-a-i-bots-and-toxics-represent-hidden-dangers/) - [AI Toys Risk Assessment](https://institute.commonsensemedia.org/risk-assessments/ai-toys) - [AI Toys Unsafe for Kids this Holiday Season, Advisory Warns](https://fairplayforkids.org/ai-toys-unsafe-for-kids-this-holiday-season-advisory-warns/) ### What does the research say about how little kids actually play with AI toys? Evidence is thin and early. A March 2026 Cambridge study of under-fives with the Gabbo plush found the toy often misunderstood children and responded poorly to emotions, though educators saw some promise for language practice; it is a report, not a large trial. - [New research calls for AI toy safety standards to protect young children](https://www.christs.cam.ac.uk/news/AI_toys) - [Gabbo](https://heycurio.com/products/v2/gabbo-gen-2) ### What happens to my child's voice recordings and chats from a smart toy or speaker? They usually go to the company's cloud and sometimes to an outside AI provider. Amazon paid $25 million in 2023 for keeping kids' Alexa recordings too long, and in 2026 Bondu's parent console exposed about 50,000 children's chat logs, so ask how data is stored, who can see it and how to delete it. - [Amazon agrees to $25 million penalty over children's Alexa data](https://www.justice.gov/archives/opa/pr/amazon-agrees-injunctive-relief-and-25-million-civil-penalty-alleged-violations-childrens) - [An AI plush toy exposed thousands of private chats with children](https://www.malwarebytes.com/blog/news/2026/02/an-ai-plush-toy-exposed-thousands-of-private-chats-with-children) - [Are AI toys safe? A major breach raises concerns](https://proton.me/blog/ai-toys-safety) ### Is a robot like Miko worth the money? Kids often enjoy Miko, but reviewers note much of the content sits behind the Miko Max subscription and the robot feels like a small tablet on wheels. It needs Wi-Fi, has a camera and microphone, and was among the toys that testers got to give unsafe answers. - [Miko 3](https://miko.ai/products/miko-3) - [Miko Max (subscription)](https://miko.ai/products/miko-max) - [Miko 3 review: a small tablet dressed as a robot](https://the-gadgeteer.com/2025/03/27/miko-3-the-ai-powered-learning-robot-review-a-small-tablet-dressed-as-a-robot/) - [AI Toys Risk Assessment](https://institute.commonsensemedia.org/risk-assessments/ai-toys) ### What happens if the company behind my child's robot goes out of business? Cloud-dependent robots can stop working. Moxie, a $799 companion robot, went dark when Embodied closed in December 2024 with no refunds; volunteers later revived some units. Prefer toys with offline modes, like Eilik, or ask the maker what happens at end of life. - [Moxie robot maker abruptly shuts down](https://www.axios.com/2024/12/10/moxie-kids-robot-shuts-down) - [What happens when robots die? The case for end-of-life standards](https://sixdegreesofrobotics.substack.com/p/what-happens-when-robots-die-the) - [Vector 2.0](https://anki.bot/products/vector-robot) - [Eilik](https://store.energizelab.com/) ### What is a good first coding robot for a preschooler or kindergartner? Screen-free robots that kids program with buttons, tiles or blocks suit ages 3 to 6 well and collect no data. Common picks include Bee-Bot, Cubetto, Botley, KIBO and Sphero indi. - [Bee-Bot and Blue-Bot](https://www.tts-group.co.uk/programmable-robots/bee-bot/) - [Cubetto](https://primotoys.com/) - [Botley the Coding Robot](https://www.amazon.com/dp/B077MRB975) - [Sphero indi](https://sphero.com/products/indi-student-kit) - [KIBO](https://kinderlabrobotics.com/) ### Which coding robots work for kids ages 8 to 14? Robots that grow from blocks to real text code tend to last longest, such as Sphero BOLT+, Makeblock mBot2 and kits built on the $15-30 micro:bit. None of these needs a chatbot or subscription. - [Sphero BOLT+](https://sphero.com/products/sphero-bolt-plus) - [Makeblock mBot2](https://www.makeblock.com/products/buy-mbot2) - [micro:bit](https://microbit.org/) - [Best coding and STEM toys for kids](https://www.techadvisor.com/article/723603/best-coding-and-stem-toys-for-kids.html) ### How can my child learn how AI works with hands-on gadgets rather than just chatting with it? Several low-cost tools let kids train their own small models: micro:bit CreateAI uses motion data, LEGO's Computer Science & AI kits teach classification in school, and teens can run on-device vision with the Raspberry Pi AI Camera. - [micro:bit CreateAI](https://microbit.org/get-started/features/ai/) - [LEGO Education Computer Science & AI](https://education.lego.com/en-us/lego-education-computer-science-and-ai/) - [Raspberry Pi AI Camera](https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/ai-camera/) - [Raspberry Pi Foundation](https://www.raspberrypi.org/) ### Should I still buy LEGO SPIKE for my child's robotics club? LEGO stopped selling SPIKE Prime and Essential on June 30, 2026. The app is supported until 2031 and FIRST LEGO League allows SPIKE through the 2027-28 season, so used kits still work, but new buyers may look at LEGO's Computer Science & AI line. - [SPIKE Portfolio Retirement: What Users Need to Know](https://education.lego.com/en-us/spike-update-2026/) - [LEGO Education Computer Science & AI](https://education.lego.com/en-us/lego-education-computer-science-and-ai/) - [FIRST](https://www.firstinspires.org/) ### Is an Echo Dot Kids or Google Nest safe for a child's room? Both offer kid profiles, content filters and time limits, but they listen for a wake word and send requests to the cloud. Set up the Parent Dashboard or Family Link, review voice history, and consider keeping the device in a shared room. - [Echo Dot Kids](https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09B9CD1YB) - [Amazon Parent Dashboard](https://parents.amazon.com/intro) - [Set up Google Nest or Home speakers or displays for your child](https://support.google.com/googlehome/answer/9159927) - [Family Link](https://families.google/familylink/) ### What is a safer first phone or watch for a child? Kid phones like Gabb, Pinwheel, Troomi and Bark Phone limit apps and the open web, and GPS watches like Gizmo, TickTalk or Apple Watch for kids allow calls and location without a full smartphone. Compare the total monthly cost, since plans add up. - [Best phones for kids: Gabb, Pinwheel and Troomi compared](https://www.defendyoungminds.com/post/best-phones-for-kids-comparison-guide-gabb-pinwheel-troomi) - [Bark Phone review: plans, controls and real monthly costs](https://impulsec.com/parental-control-software/bark-phone-review/) - [Set up Apple Watch for a family member](https://support.apple.com/en-us/109036) - [Verizon launches Gizmo Watch 4 for kids](https://www.verizon.com/about/news/verizon-launches-gizmo-watch-4-for-kids) ### Are there good screen-free gadgets without AI or chatbots? Yes. Audio players like Yoto and Toniebox play stories from cards or figurines without a chatbot, and robots like Eilik and Cubetto work offline. Many parents choose these to avoid always-on microphones. - [Yoto Player (4th Gen)](https://us.yotoplay.com/players/yoto-player-4) - [Toniebox](https://us.tonies.com/pages/tonieboxes) - [Yoto vs. Toniebox: here's how they compare](https://www.sheknows.com/parenting/articles/1234944198/yoto-vs-toniebox/) - [Eilik](https://store.energizelab.com/) ### Is Mattel making AI toys with OpenAI? Mattel and OpenAI announced a partnership in June 2025, but in December 2025 Mattel said no product would come that holiday season, amid pressure from advocates and U.S. senators. Reports said future products may aim at older kids and families. - [Mattel and OpenAI team up on AI toys](https://techcrunch.com/2025/06/12/openai-and-barbie-maker-mattel-team-up-to-bring-generative-ai-to-toy-making-and-content-creation/) - [Scoop: Mattel's collaboration with OpenAI won't emerge this year](https://www.axios.com/2025/12/15/mattel-openai-toys-kids) - [Mattel, OpenAI delay AI product launch as senators demand transparency](https://pirg.org/media-center/statement-mattel-openai-delay-ai-product-launch-as-senators-demand-transparency-from-toy-companies/) ### What questions should I ask before buying any connected or AI toy? Ask whether it works offline, what it records, which AI company processes the audio, whether you can read and delete transcripts, what the subscription costs, and what happens if the company shuts down. Look for independent tests and certifications, which are still rare for AI toys. - [Are AI toys safe? A major breach raises concerns](https://proton.me/blog/ai-toys-safety) - [Half of children have AI toys despite safety concerns](https://www.bsigroup.com/en-US/insights-and-media/media-center/press-releases/2026/may/half-of-children-have-ai-toys-as-parents-allow-widespread-use-despite-safety-concerns-and-gaps-in-guidance-parents/) - [kidSAFE Seal Program](https://kidsafe.com/home) - [Connected Toys](https://www.consumersinternational.org/what-we-do/consumer-policy-and-standards/safer-products/connected-toys/) ### Did consumer groups warn about talking toys before AI chatbots? Yes. In 2016 the Norwegian Consumer Council found strangers could talk through the My Friend Cayla doll, prompting European complaints and a German ban, and Mozilla's *Privacy Not Included guide rated connected toys and speakers for years before it was wound down in 2026. - [#Toyfail: an analysis of consumer and privacy issues in three internet-connected toys](https://storage02.forbrukerradet.no/media/2016/12/toyfail-report-desember2016.pdf) - [#Toyfail: When toys fail children](https://blog.beuc.eu/toyfail-when-toys-fail-children/) - [46 gadgets slapped with *Privacy Not Included warning labels](https://www.mozillafoundation.org/en/blog/46-gadgets-slapped-with-privacy-not-included-warning-labels-in-mozillas-annual-holiday-shopping-guide/) ### What are the best free learning apps for preschoolers? Several strong options cost nothing and show no ads: Khan Academy Kids, PBS KIDS Games, the Sesame Street app and Duck Duck Moose. They differ in style more than quality, so let your child try two or three and keep the one that holds their attention. - [Khan Academy Kids](https://www.khanacademy.org/kids) - [Sesame Street app](https://sesameworkshop.org/resources/sesame-street-app/) - [Duck Duck Moose](https://www.duckduckmoose.com/) ### How can I tell if an "educational" app actually teaches anything? Researchers suggest checking four things: is your child actively thinking (not just tapping), focused rather than distracted by rewards and ads, learning something meaningful, and talking about it with someone. App store "education" labels are not reviewed for learning value, so independent reviews help. - [Putting education in "educational" apps: lessons from the science of learning](https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1529100615569721) - [Common Sense Media app ratings: how we rate](https://www.commonsensemedia.org/about-us/our-mission/about-our-ratings/apps) - [Design tricks commonly used to monetize young children's app use](https://michiganmedicine.org/health-lab/design-tricks-commonly-used-monetize-young-childrens-app-use) - [Educational App Store](https://www.educationalappstore.com/) ### Is there evidence that reading apps like Lexia, HOMER or Reading Eggs work? Some school programs, such as Lexia Core5, have independent studies strong enough to earn top ratings on Evidence for ESSA. Many consumer apps cite studies they funded or host themselves, often short and small, so treat headline percentages as marketing until an outside source confirms them. - [Evidence for ESSA](https://www.evidenceforessa.org/) - [Lexia Core5 Reading](https://www.lexialearning.com/core5) - [Can an app close the literacy gap? Efficacy study of Learn With Homer](https://site-static.learnwithhomer.com/static/pdf/can-an-app-close-the-literacy-gap-efficacy-learn-with-homer-susan-neuman-nyu.pdf) - [Reading Eggs research](https://readingeggs.com/about/research/) ### Which phonics apps are worth trying for a child learning to read? Free systematic-phonics options include Starfall's learn-to-read path, Teach Your Monster to Read on a computer, Duolingo ABC and Khan Academy Kids; paid options include HOMER, Hooked on Phonics and Reading Eggs. Apps work best as extra practice alongside reading real books together. - [Starfall](https://www.starfall.com/h/) - [Teach Your Monster to Read](https://www.teachyourmonster.org/) - [Duolingo ABC](https://www.duolingo.com/abc) - [Hooked on Phonics](https://www.hookedonphonics.com/) ### Where can my child read lots of books for free? Your public library card unlocks ebooks and audiobooks through Libby, and many schools provide Sora. Free picture-book sites include Storyline Online (read-alouds by actors), Unite for Literacy and Oxford Owl's leveled ebooks. - [Libby](https://www.overdrive.com/apps/libby) - [Sora](https://soraapp.com/) - [Storyline Online](https://www.storylineonline.net/) - [Unite for Literacy](https://www.uniteforliteracy.com/) - [Oxford Owl](https://www.oxfordowl.co.uk) ### Do math apps like Khan Academy, Zearn, DreamBox or IXL improve test scores? Several have studies linking regular use to gains, and Zearn and DreamBox are rated Strong by Evidence for ESSA. A common finding is that results depend on dose: kids who use them about the recommended time each week benefit, while most use them far less. Much of the data is reported by the companies themselves. - [Harvard researchers probe student time spent using DreamBox math software](https://cepr.harvard.edu/news/harvard-researchers-probe-student-time-spent-using-dreambox-math-software) - [Khan Academy efficacy results, November 2024](https://blog.khanacademy.org/khan-academy-efficacy-results-november-2024/) - [Did Zearn boost Colorado math scores? A study says yes, but an expert says questions remain](https://www.kunc.org/news/2025-02-13/did-zearn-boost-colorado-math-scores-a-study-says-yes-but-an-expert-says-questions-remain) - [Evidence for ESSA](https://www.evidenceforessa.org/) ### Is Prodigy really free, and is it a good math game? Prodigy's math questions are free, but the game heavily promotes a paid membership for in-game extras, which advocacy group Fairplay complained to the FTC about in 2021; Prodigy disputes the criticism. Many kids enjoy it, so it can work if you are comfortable saying no to the upsell. - [Prodigy Math](https://www.prodigygame.com/) - [Advocates to FTC: Prodigy Math Game Preys On Kids and Families](https://fairplayforkids.org/feb-19-2021-advocates-to-ftc-prodigy-math-game-preys-on-kids-and-families/) - [Prodigy: a losing equation](https://fairplayforkids.org/prodigy-losing-equation/) ### What age should kids start coding, and with what? Kids as young as 5 can learn sequencing with picture blocks in ScratchJr, Lightbot or Kodable, with no reading required. Around 8 many move to Scratch, then to typed code in CodeCombat, Swift Playgrounds or Code.org's courses. There is no proven best age; making things they care about matters more. - [ScratchJr](https://www.scratchjr.org/) - [Scratch](https://scratch.mit.edu/) - [Code.org](https://code.org/) - [Lightbot](https://lightbot.com/) - [Swift Playgrounds](https://developer.apple.com/swift-playgrounds/) ### Are paid subscriptions like ABCmouse worth it compared with free apps? Paid apps can offer a more complete, sequenced curriculum, but free options like Khan Academy Kids cover a lot of the same ground, and many libraries give ABCmouse access free. Check renewal and cancellation terms first; the FTC fined ABCmouse in 2020 over how it handled them. - [ABCmouse Early Learning Academy](https://www.abcmouse.com/) - [Khan Academy Kids](https://www.khanacademy.org/kids) - [ABCmouse to pay $10 million to settle FTC charges of illegal marketing and billing practices](https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2020/09/childrens-online-learning-program-abcmouse-pay-10-million-settle-ftc-charges-illegal-marketing) ### Where can I find trustworthy reviews of kids' apps? Common Sense Media rates apps for age fit and learning value, Common Sense Privacy grades their data practices, and Children and Media Australia flags ads, in-app purchases and gambling-like features. Educational App Store and Reading Rockets add teacher-reviewed lists. - [Common Sense Media app ratings: how we rate](https://www.commonsensemedia.org/about-us/our-mission/about-our-ratings/apps) - [Common Sense Privacy Program evaluations](https://privacy.commonsense.org/evaluations/1) - [Know Before You Load app reviews](https://childrenandmedia.org.au/app-reviews) - [Educational App Store](https://www.educationalappstore.com/) - [Reading Rockets literacy apps](https://www.readingrockets.org/resources/literacy-apps) ### What is the best way for kids to learn to type? Free step-by-step courses such as TypingClub and Typing.com teach touch typing well, and Nitro Type adds racing for motivation once the basics are in place. Short daily practice tends to beat long occasional sessions. - [TypingClub](https://www.typingclub.com/) - [Typing.com](https://www.typing.com/) - [Nitro Type](https://www.nitrotype.com/) ### Can a young child learn a second language from an app? Apps and videos like Lingokids, Little Pim, Gus on the Go and Duolingo can build vocabulary and interest, but real fluency at young ages comes mostly from live conversation with people. Treat apps as exposure and fun, not a replacement for speaking. - [Lingokids](https://lingokids.com/) - [Little Pim](https://www.littlepim.com/) - [Gus on the Go](https://gusonthego.com/) - [Duolingo efficacy research](https://duolingo.com/efficacy) ### What free science and geography sites are good for kids? NASA Space Place and NASA Science for Kids, National Geographic Kids, PhET simulations, Science Buddies for experiments and Seterra for map quizzes are all free. Note that Wonderopolis, an old favorite, closed in July 2025. - [NASA Space Place](https://spaceplace.nasa.gov/) - [National Geographic Kids](https://kids.nationalgeographic.com/) - [PhET Interactive Simulations](https://phet.colorado.edu/) - [Seterra](https://www.geoguessr.com/seterra) - [Wonderopolis (closed July 2025)](https://familieslearning.org/blog/ncfls-digital-learning-platform-wonderopolis-to-close/) ### Are there safe chess sites for kids? ChessKid is built for children with restricted chat and kid-only play, and Lichess is free, ad-free and has a kid mode that turns off chat. Both include puzzles and lessons. - [ChessKid](https://www.chesskid.com/) - [Lichess](https://lichess.org/about) ### What is the 'Young Lady's Illustrated Primer,' and why do AI tutor builders keep mentioning it? It is the interactive, adaptive book in Neal Stephenson's 1995 novel The Diamond Age that teaches a girl through stories tailored to her, and it has become shorthand for the dream of a personal AI tutor. In the novel, a human performer is part of what makes it work, and Stephenson himself has since warned that students who hand everything to AI learn little. - [The Diamond Age](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Diamond_Age) - [Remarks on AI from NZ](https://nealstephenson.substack.com/p/remarks-on-ai-from-nz) - [How AI could save (not destroy) education](https://www.ted.com/talks/sal_khan_how_ai_could_save_not_destroy_education) ### Does Montessori actually lead to better outcomes? The best evidence is encouraging but modest: a 2023 systematic review found small-to-moderate advantages in academics and executive function, and a 2025 national lottery study found public Montessori preschool children ahead at the end of kindergarten. Programs vary a lot in how closely they follow the method, so results may not carry to every school with the name. - [Montessori education's impact on academic and nonacademic outcomes: A systematic review](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10406168/) - [Nationwide UVA-Led Study Finds Montessori Preschool Boosts Learning at a Lower Cost](https://as.virginia.edu/news/nationwide-uva-led-study-finds-montessori-preschool-boosts-learning-lower-cost) - [Montessori Preschool Elevates and Equalizes Child Outcomes: A Longitudinal Study](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5670361) - [Montessori education: a review of the evidence base](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6161506/) ### What is Alpha School, and does '2 Hour Learning' really work? Alpha is a high-tuition private network where students do about two hours of adaptive software a day and spend the rest on projects and life skills with adult 'guides.' Its strong test-score claims come from its own analyses and have not been independently verified; journalists and educators note its students are mostly from affluent families. - [This teacherless school says AI can teach students in 2 hours a day](https://www.cbsnews.com/news/alpha-school-ai-teaching-2-hour-a-day/) - [The Truth About 2 Hour Learning, Unbound Academy, and Alpha School](https://danmeyer.substack.com/p/the-truth-about-2-hour-learning-and) - [An Austin school is using AI and life skill checklists to teach students — for $40K a year](https://www.kut.org/education/2025-08-25/alpha-school-austin-texas-atx-ai-model-private-vouchers-public) - [Two AI-powered charter schools could soon open in Pennsylvania](https://www.chalkbeat.org/philadelphia/2025/01/24/ai-cyber-charter-school-pennsylvania-promises-2-hour-learning/) ### What is a microschool, and is it a good option? Microschools are very small schools, often around 20 students, run as private schools, homeschool groups, or occasionally public charters, and many are now funded by state choice programs. There is little independent research on their outcomes yet, and quality and oversight vary widely, so visiting and asking how learning is measured matters. - [American Microschools: A Sector Analysis 2026](https://microschoolingcenter.org/hubfs/2026%20American%20Microschools%20Sector%20Analysis_.pdf) - [A School With 7 Students: Inside the 'Microschools' Movement](https://www.nytimes.com/2024/06/17/us/public-schools-education-voucher-microschools.html) - [Inside a unique public microschool in Indianapolis](https://www.chalkbeat.org/indiana/2024/04/16/indianapolis-charter-school-creates-microschool-to-customize-education/) - [Prenda](https://www.prenda.com/) ### Do homeschooled kids do better or worse than schooled kids? Honestly, no one knows for homeschoolers as a whole: most studies use volunteer samples, and the widely quoted 'homeschoolers outperform' figures come from advocacy groups. Better-designed surveys show mixed results that depend on the family and how long a child was homeschooled. - [Homeschool Hub](https://education.jhu.edu/edpolicy/policy-research-initiatives/homeschool-hub/) - [Diverse Outcomes for a Diverse Population](https://www.cardus.ca/research/diverse-outcomes-for-a-diverse-population/) - [Does Homeschooling Make Children More Religious?](https://newrepublic.com/article/122987/does-homeschooling-make-children-more-religious) - [National Home Education Research Institute](https://www.nheri.org/) ### Does unschooling work? Unschooling, letting children's interests drive learning with no set curriculum, has passionate advocates and many success stories, but the research is thin and mostly based on small, self-selected surveys. One small study found young unschoolers scoring below schooled peers on standardized tests. - [Unschooling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unschooling) - [Freedom to Learn](https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/freedom-learn) - [John Holt (American educator)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Holt_(American_educator)) - [Sudbury Valley School](https://sudburyvalley.org/) ### Did the 'Hole in the Wall' experiment prove kids can teach themselves with a computer? It showed children will explore a computer and teach each other basic skills with no instruction, which is real and inspiring. Later visitors found many kiosks broken or used mainly for games, and critics argue the results do not show that teachers are unnecessary. - [Kids can teach themselves](https://www.ted.com/talks/sugata_mitra_kids_can_teach_themselves) - [Build a School in the Cloud](https://www.ted.com/talks/sugata_mitra_build_a_school_in_the_cloud) - [Crit on Hole-in-the-Wall](https://blogs.ubc.ca/centre/tag/mitra/) ### What are good movies about robots and AI for young kids? WALL-E, The Iron Giant, Robot Dreams and The Wild Robot are gentle, well-loved picks for about ages 5 to 8, while Big Hero 6, Ron's Gone Wrong and The Mitchells vs. the Machines suit roughly 7 and up. Common Sense Media's list gives an age rating for each. - [Best Robot Movies](https://www.commonsensemedia.org/lists/robot-movies) - [The Wild Robot](https://www.dreamworks.com/movies/the-wild-robot) - [Robot Dreams](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robot_Dreams_(film)) - [Ron's Gone Wrong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ron%27s_Gone_Wrong) ### Which AI films and stories are better saved for teens or adults? M3GAN (PG-13 horror), A.I. Artificial Intelligence, Her (R) and the Black Mirror episode 'Arkangel' deal with AI companions and surveillance in ways that can upset younger kids. For thoughtful adult reading, Klara and the Sun and Ted Chiang's The Lifecycle of Software Objects are widely recommended. - [M3GAN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M3GAN) - [Arkangel (Black Mirror)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkangel_(Black_Mirror)) - [Klara and the Sun](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klara_and_the_Sun) - [The Lifecycle of Software Objects](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lifecycle_of_Software_Objects) ### What did Seymour Papert and Mitch Resnick argue about kids and computers? Papert argued children learn most deeply when they program and build with computers rather than being drilled by them; Resnick, his student and the creator of Scratch, extends this into 'projects, passion, peers and play.' Their ideas are a useful test for any AI tool: is the child making and thinking, or just receiving answers? - [Mindstorms: Children, Computers, and Powerful Ideas](https://www.media.mit.edu/publications/mindstorms/) - [Lifelong Kindergarten: Cultivating Creativity through Projects, Passion, Peers, and Play](https://mitpressbookstore.mit.edu/book/9780262536134) - [Let's teach kids to code](https://www.ted.com/talks/mitch_resnick_let_s_teach_kids_to_code) ### Is Ken Robinson right that schools kill creativity? His 2006 talk is a persuasive argument, not a research review, and it resonated with millions of parents and teachers. Researchers debate how much schooling suppresses creativity, but his call to value the arts and let kids risk mistakes is widely shared by educators like Resnick. - [Do schools kill creativity?](https://www.ted.com/talks/sir_ken_robinson_do_schools_kill_creativity) - [Lifelong Kindergarten: Cultivating Creativity through Projects, Passion, Peers, and Play](https://mitpressbookstore.mit.edu/book/9780262536134) ### How do young children's minds compare with AI chatbots? Developmental scientists such as Alison Gopnik and Laura Schulz show that babies and preschoolers actively test ideas and figure out causes. One Berkeley study argues chatbots are strong imitators but weaker than children at inventing and discovering, a preprint view that is still being tested. - [Imitation versus Innovation: What children can do that large language and language-and-vision models cannot (yet)?](https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.07666) - [What do babies think?](https://www.ted.com/talks/alison_gopnik_what_do_babies_think) - [The surprisingly logical minds of babies](https://www.ted.com/talks/laura_schulz_the_surprisingly_logical_minds_of_babies) ### What should I read or follow to keep up with AI and the future of school? For a practical, balanced view, Ethan Mollick's One Useful Thing and Jill Barshay's Proof Points are good starts; for skeptical history, Audrey Watters, Larry Cuban and Ben Williamson. For news, The 74, Chalkbeat, EdSurge and Hechinger cover AI in schools steadily. - [One Useful Thing](https://www.oneusefulthing.org/) - [Proof Points](https://hechingerreport.org/proofpoints/) - [Larry Cuban on School Reform and Classroom Practice](https://larrycuban.wordpress.com/) - [Second Breakfast](https://2ndbreakfast.audreywatters.com/) - [The 74](https://www.the74million.org/) ### Is AI making homework pointless? Many educators now argue that take-home essays and problem sets can be done by AI and are hard to police, so schools are shifting toward in-class work, discussion and handwritten exams. Some, like Mollick, also see a way to use AI to prompt students' thinking instead of replacing it. - [The Homework Apocalypse](https://www.oneusefulthing.org/p/the-homework-apocalypse) - [Post-apocalyptic education](https://www.oneusefulthing.org/p/post-apocalyptic-education) - [Remarks on AI from NZ](https://nealstephenson.substack.com/p/remarks-on-ai-from-nz) ### Are there good documentaries for families about kids, school and AI? Screenagers: Generation AI (2026) is made for parents on AI and young people; Coded Bias explains AI bias for teens; AlphaGo shows how AI learns through games. Most Likely to Succeed and Race to Nowhere take on what school is for, from a reform viewpoint. - [Screenagers: Generation AI](https://www.screenagersmovie.com/about-screenagers-generation-ai) - [Coded Bias](https://www.codedbias.com/) - [AlphaGo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AlphaGo_(film)) - [Most Likely to Succeed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Most_Likely_to_Succeed_(film)) ### Where can I find trustworthy research on AI in my child's school without reading academic papers? Stanford's SCALE AI Hub collects AI-in-K-12 studies with short takeaways, and Harvard's Usable Knowledge and Jill Barshay's Proof Points column explain single studies in plain English. Expect a small evidence base: the field is moving faster than research can keep up. - [AI Hub for Education](https://scale.stanford.edu/ai) - [Usable Knowledge](https://www.gse.harvard.edu/ideas/usable-knowledge) - [Proof Points by Jill Barshay](https://hechingerreport.org/author/jill-barshay/) - [AI Compass in Schools Newsletter](https://scale.stanford.edu/ai/newsletter) ### Is there solid evidence that AI tools help kids learn? Not much yet. Stanford's 2026 review found only about 20 strong causal studies among 800+ papers, with gains while kids use AI that often fade without it; tools that guide thinking rather than hand out answers look more promising. Brookings' 2026 task force judged that, for now, risks outweigh benefits. - [The Evidence Base on AI in K-12: A 2026 Review](https://scale.stanford.edu/sites/default/files/The%20Evidence%20Base%20on%20AI%20in%20K-12%20Report.pdf) - [A new direction for students in an AI world: Prosper, prepare, protect](https://www.brookings.edu/articles/a-new-direction-for-students-in-an-ai-world-prosper-prepare-protect/) - [AI Hub for Education Research Repository](https://scale.stanford.edu/ai/repository) ### How can I check whether a learning program or app my school uses actually works? Search it on Evidence for ESSA or the What Works Clearinghouse, which rate programs by the strength of studies behind them; many apps simply have no rigorous studies. ISTE's EdTech Index adds privacy and evidence details, partly supplied by companies. - [Evidence for ESSA](https://www.evidenceforessa.org/) - [What Works Clearinghouse](https://ies.ed.gov/ncee/wwc/) - [EdTech Index](https://iste.org/edtech-index) - [Education Endowment Foundation](https://educationendowmentfoundation.org.uk/) ### Which teaching approaches have the best evidence overall? The UK's Education Endowment Foundation toolkit ranks approaches by cost, impact and evidence strength; feedback, metacognition and small-group or one-to-one tutoring tend to rank high. J-PAL's summaries of randomized trials point the same way on tutoring and teaching at a child's level. - [Education Endowment Foundation](https://educationendowmentfoundation.org.uk/) - [Education sector](https://www.povertyactionlab.org/sector/education) - [Campbell Collaboration](https://www.campbellcollaboration.org/) ### How are kids actually doing in reading and math right now? National NAEP results show scores still below pre-pandemic levels, and reading for fun among 13-year-olds has roughly halved since 2012. The Education Scorecard lets you look up your own district's recovery. - [The Nation's Report Card (NAEP)](https://www.nationsreportcard.gov/) - [Education Scorecard (Education Recovery Scorecard)](https://educationscorecard.org/) - [The Educational Opportunity Project at Stanford University](https://edopportunity.org/) ### How do American kids compare with kids in other countries? PISA tests 15-year-olds, TIMSS tests 4th and 8th graders in math and science, and PIRLS tests 4th-grade reading. U.S. results are usually middle-of-the-pack in math and stronger in reading, with large gaps inside the country. - [Program for International Student Assessment (PISA)](https://nces.ed.gov/surveys/pisa/) - [TIMSS 2023](https://timss2023.org/) - [PIRLS 2021 International Results in Reading](https://pirls2021.org/) - [PISA (OECD)](https://www.oecd.org/pisa/) ### How much screen time do young kids really get? Common Sense's 2025 census found children 8 and under average about 2.5 hours a day, with 40% owning a tablet by age 2 and gaming time up sharply. These are parent-reported survey numbers. - [The 2025 Common Sense Census: Media Use by Kids Zero to Eight](https://www.commonsensemedia.org/research/the-2025-common-sense-census-media-use-by-kids-zero-to-eight) - [Common Sense Media Research](https://www.commonsensemedia.org/research) - [The Family Tech Cycle: Navigating Screens, Devices, and Social Media](https://joanganzcooneycenter.org/publication/the-family-tech-cycle/) ### How do I judge whether an AI app is safe and appropriate for my child? UNICEF's 2025 guidance lists ten requirements for child-respecting AI, such as safety, privacy and transparency, that work as a checklist. Common Sense Media's AI risk assessments rate specific chatbots and AI toys using its own testing. - [Guidance on AI and children (Version 3.0)](https://www.unicef.org/innocenti/reports/policy-guidance-ai-children) - [AI Risk Assessments](https://institute.commonsensemedia.org/risk-assessments) - [Guidance for generative AI in education and research](https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/guidance-generative-ai-education-and-research) ### Is my child's school using AI, and are teachers trained? RAND found about half of U.S. districts had trained teachers on AI by fall 2024, with low-poverty districts ahead; Gallup found about six in ten teachers used AI for work in 2024-25. CRPE reports most districts are working out AI policy on their own, so it is reasonable to ask your school directly. - [More Districts Are Training Teachers on Artificial Intelligence: Findings from the American School District Panel](https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RRA956-31.html) - [Three in 10 Teachers Use AI Weekly, Saving Six Weeks a Year](https://news.gallup.com/poll/691967/three-teachers-weekly-saving-six-weeks-year.aspx) - [Center on Reinventing Public Education: AI in Education](https://crpe.org/focus_areas/ai-education/) - [AI Guidance for Schools Toolkit](https://www.teachai.org/toolkit) ### Where can my child learn how AI works? Free AI literacy lessons come from Day of AI (started at MIT), aiEDU and ISTE+ASCD, and AI4K12's Five Big Ideas outline what kids can learn at each age. Short, hands-on lessons are a good start; the research on what kids retain is still early. - [Day of AI](https://dayofai.org/) - [AI4K12: Five Big Ideas in AI](https://ai4k12.org/) - [aiEDU](https://www.aiedu.org/) - [ISTE+ASCD Artificial Intelligence in Education](https://iste-ascd.org/ai) - [MIT RAISE (Responsible AI for Social Empowerment and Education)](https://raise.mit.edu/) ### Which newsletters should a parent read to keep up with AI and learning? For careful research coverage: Hechinger's Proof Points, Stanford's AI Compass newsletter and EdSurge. For the industry view: Claire Zau's GSV AI & Education. For skeptical takes: Ben Williamson and Audrey Watters. - [Proof Points by Jill Barshay](https://hechingerreport.org/author/jill-barshay/) - [AI Compass in Schools Newsletter](https://scale.stanford.edu/ai/newsletter) - [GSV: AI & Education](https://aieducation.substack.com/) - [code acts in education](https://codeactsineducation.wordpress.com/) - [Second Breakfast](https://2ndbreakfast.audreywatters.com/) ### Who are the main research groups studying kids, technology and learning? Key groups include the Joan Ganz Cooney Center at Sesame Workshop, MIT's Lifelong Kindergarten and Personal Robots groups, Erikson's TEC Center for early childhood, UW's KidsTeam and Temple's Infant & Child Lab. Each publishes free summaries for families. - [Joan Ganz Cooney Center](https://joanganzcooneycenter.org/) - [Lifelong Kindergarten](https://www.media.mit.edu/groups/lifelong-kindergarten/overview/) - [Personal Robots Group](https://robots.media.mit.edu/) - [Temple Infant & Child Laboratory](https://www.templeinfantlab.com/) - [KidsTeam UW](https://www.kidsteam.ischool.uw.edu/) ### Where do new studies on AI and learning appear first? Often as working papers on EdWorkingPapers or NBER, or at conferences like AIED, Learning @ Scale and Interaction Design and Children, before peer-reviewed journals. Working papers can change, so treat early headlines with care. - [EdWorkingPapers](https://edworkingpapers.com/) - [Economics of Education Program](https://www.nber.org/programs-projects/programs-working-groups/economics-education) - [AIED: International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education](https://iaied.org/conferences) - [Interaction Design and Children (IDC)](https://idc.acm.org/) - [Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence](https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/computers-and-education-artificial-intelligence) ### Do parents have an accurate picture of how their child is doing in school? Often not. Learning Heroes' surveys found most parents believe their child is at grade level even when test data says otherwise, partly because report-card grades look good. Comparing grades with test results and asking teachers directly helps. - [Be A Learning Hero research](https://bealearninghero.org/research/) - [The Nation's Report Card (NAEP)](https://www.nationsreportcard.gov/) ### Where can I talk with other parents and teachers about this? Large forums like r/Parenting, r/Teachers and Mumsnet's education board offer candid real-world views, though posts are anecdotes, not evidence. Edutopia and researchED connect parents with teachers interested in evidence-based practice. - [r/Parenting](https://www.reddit.com/r/Parenting/) - [r/Teachers](https://www.reddit.com/r/Teachers/) - [Mumsnet Education](https://www.mumsnet.com/talk/education) - [Edutopia](https://www.edutopia.org/) - [researchED](https://researched.org.uk/) ### Does ChatGPT have parental controls, and what can I actually see? Yes. Since September 2025 parents can link accounts with a teen, set quiet hours, turn off memory, voice and image tools, opt out of training, and get alerts about possible self-harm. You cannot read your teen's chats, and independent testers found the alerts and age detection unreliable, so the controls are a backstop, not a substitute for talking. - [Introducing parental controls](https://openai.com/index/introducing-parental-controls/) - [Parents' Ultimate Guide to ChatGPT Parental Controls](https://www.commonsensemedia.org/articles/parents-ultimate-guide-to-chatgpt-parental-controls) - [ChatGPT claims to have a safety net for teens. We watched it fail.](https://www.commonsensemedia.org/articles/chatgpt-claims-to-have-a-safety-net-for-teens-we-watched-it-fail) ### Can my child under 13 use Google Gemini? In many countries, yes, if a parent allows it through a supervised Google account in Family Link, where you can switch it on or off. Kids get extra filters, but Google says they are not perfect, and the option is not offered to supervised kids in the UK or EU. - [Guiding your child's Gemini Apps experience](https://support.google.com/families/answer/16109150) - [Family Link](https://families.google/familylink/) ### Can teens still chat with Character.AI or Meta's AI characters? Character.AI ended open-ended chat for under-18s in late 2025, leaving creative tools only. Meta paused teen access to its AI characters in January 2026 while it builds a version with parent controls; Meta AI itself stays available with teen protections. - [Taking Bold Steps to Keep Teen Users Safe on Character.AI](https://blog.character.ai/u18-chat-announcement/) - [Empowering Parents, Protecting Teens: Meta's Approach to AI Safety](https://about.fb.com/news/2025/10/teen-ai-safety-approach/) ### Which parental controls should I set up on my child's phone or tablet? Start with the free tools built into the device: Apple Screen Time and Family Sharing, Google Family Link, Microsoft Family Safety, or the Amazon Parent Dashboard. Surveys suggest families who use them mostly find they work, but experts stress pairing controls with clear family rules and regular conversations. - [Set up parental controls to manage your child's iPhone or iPad](https://support.apple.com/en-us/105121) - [Family Link](https://families.google/familylink/) - [Microsoft Family Safety](https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/family-safety) - [Amazon Parent Dashboard](https://parents.amazon.com/intro) - [New FOSI Research: Parents Are Underestimating Their Kids' Digital Lives - Especially With AI](https://fosi.org/new-fosi-research-parents-are-underestimating-their-kids-digital-lives-especially-with-ai/) ### What does COPPA protect, and what changed in 2025? COPPA requires apps and sites aimed at kids under 13, or that know a child is using them, to get a parent's consent before collecting personal data, and lets you review or delete it. The 2025 update, with full compliance due April 2026, added separate consent for targeted advertising and limits on how long data is kept. - [Protecting Your Child's Privacy Online](https://consumer.ftc.gov/articles/protecting-your-childs-privacy-online) - [Complying with COPPA: Frequently Asked Questions](https://www.ftc.gov/business-guidance/resources/complying-coppa-frequently-asked-questions) ### Is the Kids Online Safety Act (KOSA) law yet? Not as of late October 2026. The Senate Commerce Committee sent an amended KOSA to the full Senate in August 2026, and the House passed its own KIDS Act in June 2026 without KOSA's duty of care, so the two chambers still have to agree. - [Kids Online Safety Act (CRS In Focus IF12730)](https://www.everycrsreport.com/files/2026-08-24_IF12730_584f068130570c3b8485457e58a3a05dcae55406.html) - [Kids Online Safety Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kids_Online_Safety_Act) ### Are there laws about AI companion chatbots and kids? A few US states have acted. California's SB 243 (2025) requires AI disclosure, break reminders for minors, limits on sexual content and self-harm protocols, and New York, Maine and Utah have disclosure rules. The FTC is also studying how companion bots affect kids. Protections differ by state and are still new. - [Understanding the New Wave of Chatbot Legislation: California SB 243 and Beyond](https://fpf.org/blog/understanding-the-new-wave-of-chatbot-legislation-california-sb-243-and-beyond/) - [SB-243 Companion chatbots](https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260SB243) - [FTC launches inquiry into AI chatbots acting as companions](https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2025/09/ftc-launches-inquiry-ai-chatbots-acting-companions) - [Artificial Intelligence 2025 Legislation](https://www.ncsl.org/technology-and-communication/artificial-intelligence-2025-legislation) ### How do I know if a learning app is safe for my child's privacy? Look it up in the Common Sense Privacy Program, which rates kids' and school apps on their privacy policies, and check whether it asks for parental consent if your child is under 13. Ratings judge what a company promises, not what it actually does, so keep settings tight and share little. - [Common Sense Privacy Program](https://privacy.commonsense.org/) - [2023 State of Kids' Privacy](https://www.commonsensemedia.org/research/2023-state-of-kids-privacy) - [Protecting Your Child's Privacy Online](https://consumer.ftc.gov/articles/protecting-your-childs-privacy-online) ### What rights do I have over my child's school records and the apps their school uses? Under FERPA you can see and ask to correct your child's education records, and schools generally need consent before sharing them, with exceptions for vendors acting as the school. It is reasonable to ask the school which apps and AI tools collect student data and how long they keep it. - [Understanding Your Child's School Records: A Parent's Primer on FERPA](https://studentprivacy.ed.gov/resources/parent-guide-family-educational-rights-and-privacy-act-ferpa) - [Ask Your Kid's School These Essential Student Privacy and Safety Questions](https://www.commonsensemedia.org/articles/ask-your-kids-school-these-essential-student-privacy-and-safety-questions) - [State AI Guidance for K12 Schools](https://www.aiforeducation.io/ai-resources/state-ai-guidance) ### What does my state tell schools about using AI? About 35 states plus Puerto Rico had issued official K-12 AI guidance by August 2026, usually covering privacy, academic honesty and teacher training; a few states leave it to districts. Some advocacy groups also offer model policies parents can bring to a school board. - [State AI Guidance for K12 Schools](https://www.aiforeducation.io/ai-resources/state-ai-guidance) - [Student-First AI Policy Offers Model for Districts Nationwide](https://fairplayforkids.org/student-first-ai-policy-offers-model-for-districts-nationwide-as-evidence-mounts-of-ai-harms/) ### What is Australia's under-16 social media rule and does it cover AI apps? Since 10 December 2025, major platforms such as TikTok, Instagram, Snapchat and YouTube must take reasonable steps to stop Australians under 16 from having accounts, and parents cannot opt a child in. Messaging, gaming, YouTube Kids and education tools are not covered, and AI chatbots are not on the list as of the latest FAQ. - [Social media age restrictions and your family](https://www.esafety.gov.au/parents/social-media-age-restrictions) - [Social media 'ban' or delay FAQs](https://esafety.gov.au/about-us/industry-regulation/social-media-age-restrictions/faqs) - [Online Safety Amendment (Social Media Minimum Age) Act 2024](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_Safety_Amendment) ### Do age checks actually work? Partly. Australia's government trial said age assurance is technically workable, but face-scanning estimates were often off by more than a year for teens, and some vendors collected too much data. Thorn found nearly half of US minors had used an app before its minimum age. Expect age checks to reduce, not stop, underage use. - [Trial finds age assurance can be done, as under-16s social media ban deadline looms](https://www.abc.net.au/news/2025-06-20/age-assurance-trial-preliminary-report/105440288) - [Youth Perspectives on Online Safety, 2025](https://www.thorn.org/research/library/2025-youth-perspectives-on-online-safety/) - [Building towards age prediction](https://openai.com/index/building-towards-age-prediction/) - [Commission presents guidelines and age verification app prototype for a safer online space for children](https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/commission-presents-guidelines-and-age-verification-app-prototype-safer-online-space-children) ### What do the UK and EU rules mean for kids' apps? In the UK, the Children's Code requires high-privacy defaults for under-18s, and the Online Safety Act children's codes (July 2025) require age checks and safer feeds. In the EU, the DSA minors guidelines push similar defaults, and the AI Act bans AI that exploits children's age and treats AI that grades or places students as high-risk. - [The Children's code and children's online privacy](https://ico.org.uk/for-the-public/the-children-s-code-and-children-s-online-privacy/) - [New rules for a safer generation of children online](https://www.ofcom.org.uk/online-safety/protecting-children/new-rules-for-a-safer-generation-of-children-online) - [Commission publishes guidelines on the protection of minors](https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/commission-publishes-guidelines-protection-minors) - [Article 5: Prohibited AI Practices](https://artificialintelligenceact.eu/article/5/) - [Annex III: High-Risk AI Systems Referred to in Article 6(2)](https://artificialintelligenceact.eu/annex/3/) ### A nude image of my child, real or AI-made, is being shared or used as a threat. What can I do? Use NCMEC's free Take It Down tool, which fingerprints the image on your device so participating platforms can remove copies without you uploading it, and report to NCMEC's CyberTipline or local police. Reassure your child they are not in trouble; shame often keeps kids from asking for help. - [Take It Down](https://takeitdown.ncmec.org/) - [NetSmartz](https://www.missingkids.org/netsmartz/home) - [Youth Perspectives on Online Safety, 2025](https://www.thorn.org/research/library/2025-youth-perspectives-on-online-safety/) ### Which online safety organizations can I trust, and who funds them? Government regulators (eSafety, ICO, Ofcom) and child charities (NSPCC, 5Rights, Fairplay, Thorn) give practical advice with fewer commercial ties. Internet Matters, ConnectSafely and FOSI publish useful how-to guides but are partly funded by or count as members the tech companies they write about, so read them as a start. - [5Rights Foundation](https://5rightsfoundation.com/) - [Internet Matters](https://www.internetmatters.org/) - [ConnectSafely](https://connectsafely.org/) - [Family Online Safety Institute (FOSI)](https://www.fosi.org/) - [Fairplay](https://fairplayforkids.org/) ## AI as a tutor Can a chatbot teach? The trials, the tutoring systems that came before, and where AI help turns into a crutch. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/ai-tutors ### AI tutor trials - ★ [AI tutoring outperforms in-class active learning: an RCT introducing a novel research-based design in an authentic educational setting](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-025-97652-6) (Kestin, Miller et al., Harvard, 2025, Study, Free). 194 Harvard physics students each tried a custom AI tutor at home and an active-learning class. They learned about twice as much in less time with the tutor, which gave one step at a time and never the full answer. College students, two topics. - [Professor tailored AI tutor to physics course. Engagement doubled.](https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2024/09/professor-tailored-ai-tutor-to-physics-course-engagement-doubled/) (Harvard Gazette, 2024, Article, Free). Plain-language story about the Harvard physics AI tutor trial. Useful for the design details: the tutor was fed the instructor's own solutions and told to guide thinking, and the lead author says it should prepare students for class, not replace it. - [An AI tutor helped Harvard students learn more physics in less time](https://hechingerreport.org/proof-points-ai-tutor-harvard-physics/) (Jill Barshay, Hechinger Report, 2024, Article, Free). A careful reporter's take on the Harvard tutor study, with the caveats: under 200 students, sessions were scheduled and supervised, and it is unclear whether students would use such a tool on their own. - ★ [Generative AI without guardrails can harm learning: Evidence from high school mathematics](https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2422633122) (Bastani, Bastani, Sungu et al., Penn/Wharton, 2025, Study, Free, Teens). Field experiment with nearly 1,000 Turkish high schoolers. Plain ChatGPT boosted practice scores but students then did 17% worse on an exam without it. A hint-giving tutor version avoided most of that harm. The key study on AI as a crutch. - [Without Guardrails, Generative AI Can Harm Education](https://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article/without-guardrails-generative-ai-can-harm-education) (Knowledge at Wharton, 2024, Article, Free). Short summary of the Bastani study for non-researchers. Highlights that students who used AI felt more confident than their results justified, and that a tutor built with teacher input avoided the drop in exam scores. - ★ [From chalkboards to chatbots: Transforming learning in Nigeria, one prompt at a time](https://blogs.worldbank.org/en/education/From-chalkboards-to-chatbots-Transforming-learning-in-Nigeria) (De Simone et al., World Bank, 2025, Blog, Free, Teens). A six-week after-school program in Nigeria where teachers guided students using a GPT-4-based tutor for English. Gains were about 0.3 standard deviations, beating most education programs in poor countries. Girls gained more. Teachers were in the room. - [From Chalkboards to Chatbots: Evaluating the Impact of Generative AI on Learning Outcomes in Nigeria](https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/entities/publication/15e1ff08-15ae-4f7a-b2a8-d146e6c113ee/full) (De Simone, Tiberti et al., World Bank, 2025, Study, Free, Teens). The full World Bank working paper behind the Nigeria pilot, with methods and cost-effectiveness. A randomized trial, but a working paper rather than a peer-reviewed journal article. - [From chalkboards to chatbots in Nigeria: 7 lessons to pioneer generative AI for education](https://blogs.worldbank.org/en/education/From-chalkboards-to-chatbots-in-Nigeria) (World Bank, 2025, Blog, Free). Practical lessons from running the Nigeria AI tutoring pilot: what the program looked like day to day, why teacher guidance mattered, and what to watch when copying it. - [AI/DD Brown Bag Lunch: From Chalkboards to Chatbots](https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/video/2025/02/18/ai-digitaldevelopment-from-chalkboards-to-chatbots) (World Bank, 2025, Video, Free). Recorded talk where the World Bank researchers walk through the Nigeria AI tutoring results. Good if you prefer to hear the study explained. - [Effective and Scalable Math Support: Evidence on the Impact of an AI-Tutor on Math Achievement in Ghana](https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.09809) (Henkel et al., Rising Academies, 2024, Study, Free, Ages 8–12). About 1,000 students in grades 3-9 in Ghana used Rori, a math tutor on WhatsApp, twice a week for eight months. Math growth was clearly higher than in control schools. Preprint, first year only, written by the team behind the tool. - ★ [One Click Away: AI Tutoring with Khanmigo in a Two-Year School Experiment](https://www.nber.org/papers/w35620) (Oreopoulos & Low, University of Toronto, 2026, Study, Free, Ages 8–12). Independent two-year randomized trial in 18 Tennessee middle schools. Khanmigo gave small gains, about the same as plain Khan Academy practice. Most students tried it but rarely used it for real math talk. Working paper, not yet peer reviewed. - [What I found compelling in a new randomized trial of Khan Academy in math intervention](https://blog.khanacademy.org/what-i-found-compelling-in-a-new-randomized-trial-of-khan-academy-in-math-intervention/) (Sal Khan, Khan Academy, 2026, Blog, Free, Ages 8–12). Khan Academy's founder responds to the independent Khanmigo trial. He stresses the larger gain for students who stayed all year and describes product changes. Written by the company that makes the product. - [Making AI Tutoring Productive: Evidence from a Mastery-Based Math Practice Experiment](https://www.nber.org/papers/w35621) (Oreopoulos, Liut, Sungu & Low, 2026, Study, Free, Ages 8–12). Over 6,000 middle schoolers practiced fractions with or without an AI tutor, with or without a three-in-a-row mastery rule. AI helped most right after mistakes, and AI plus mastery did best, but gains were small and short-term. Working paper. - [Slow math: Kids may learn more when AI makes them review mistakes](https://hechingerreport.org/proof-points-ai-mastery-learning/) (Barshay & Fasiang, Hechinger Report, 2026, Article, Free, Ages 8–12). Readable summary of the AI-plus-mastery fractions experiment. The gain was about 3 percentage points and did not reach harder problems, so the lesson is modest: AI that walks through errors beats AI that shows answers. - [Access is Not Enough: Human Support Improves Engagement with AI Tutoring](https://edworkingpapers.com/ai26-1451) (Robinson, Gormley, Ribeiro & Loeb, Stanford, 2026, Study, Free, Ages 5–8). Two trials with 355 children in grades 1-5 using an AI reading platform. Nearly half of kids left alone never used it. Sitting with a human tutor raised use, but use stayed low and reading did not improve. Working paper. - ★ [AI tutoring can safely and effectively support students: An exploratory RCT in UK classrooms](https://storage.googleapis.com/deepmind-media/LearnLM/learnLM_nov25.pdf) (LearnLM Team, Google & Eedi, 2025, Study, Free, Teens). 165 UK secondary students got math chat tutoring from humans or from Google's LearnLM, with expert tutors approving each AI message. AI-supported students did at least as well and solved new problems slightly more often. Small, company-run study. - [Just launched: our second AI tutor RCT](https://www.eedi.com/news/just-launched---our-second-ai-tutor-rct) (Eedi, 2026, Blog, Free, Teens). Eedi describes its larger follow-up trial with Google DeepMind: 1,525 UK students, four groups including human-only tutoring, and an AI tutor that only switches on after a specific wrong answer. Company post; results pending. - [AI Tutoring Enhances Student Learning Without Crowding Out Reading Effort](https://www.iza.org/publications/dp/18338) (Fischer, Rau & Rilke, IZA, 2025, Study, Free). Randomized experiment with 334 university students. Access to an AI tutor raised test scores by about 0.23 standard deviations over textbook-only study, helping most those who started with less knowledge. Discussion paper, college age. - [Generative AI alone may not be enough: Evaluating AI Support for Learning Mathematical Proof](https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.16778) (Chen ... Koedinger, Carnegie Mellon, 2025, Study, Free). In a college proof course, an AI tutor improved homework but not exam scores. Students with low confidence leaned on the chatbot more and did worse, while a structured proof-review tool predicted better finals. Preprint. - [From Cognitive Relief to Affective Engagement: An Empirical Comparison of AI Chatbots and Instructional Scaffolding in Physics Education](https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.06254) (Becker et al., 2025, Study, Free, Teens). 273 German ninth graders solved a physics problem with a chatbot, tiered hints, or text. The chatbot and the hints both lightened mental load; the chatbot felt better to students but did not beat simple hints by a clear margin. Preprint. - [The Impact of Large Language Models on Students: A Randomised Study of Socratic vs. Non-Socratic AI and the Role of Step-by-Step Reasoning](https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5040921) (Blasco & Charisi, 2024, Study, Free, Teens). A school-age randomized study comparing a chatbot that asks guiding questions with one that just explains. Counted by Stanford's 2026 review among the few strong causal studies of AI with K-12 students. Working paper on SSRN. - [ChatGPT-generated help produces learning gains equivalent to human tutor-authored help on mathematics skills](https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0304013) (Pardos & Bhandari, UC Berkeley, 2024, Study, Free). Compared math hints written by ChatGPT with hints written by human tutors in an online system. Learning gains were similar, which suggests AI can cheaply draft help content, though answers still need checking. Peer reviewed, open access. - [AI Meets the Classroom: When Do Large Language Models Harm Learning?](https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.09047) (Lehmann, Cornelius & Sting, 2024, Study, Free). Lab and field experiments showing that how students use a chatbot matters most. Asking it to explain helps understanding; asking it to produce solutions lets students cover more ground but understand less. It also widened gaps between strong and weak students. Preprint. - [Learning To Prompt: Improving Student Engagement With Adaptive LLM-Based High-School Tutoring](https://scale.stanford.edu/ai/repository/learning-prompt-improving-student-engagement-adaptive-llm-based-high-school-tutoring) (Chang, Hogan, Plaat & van der Meer, 2026, Study, Free, Teens). A/B test with 359 high schoolers of a tutor that switches teaching style by subject. It shortened chats while keeping quality and got more students to try practice exercises. Engagement result, not a learning-gain result. Preprint. - [Effects of LLM use and note-taking on reading comprehension and memory: A randomised experiment in secondary schools](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2025.105514) (Kreijkes et al., Cambridge and Microsoft Research, 2026, Study, Paid, Teens). Randomized school experiment testing whether reading with a chatbot changes what teens understand and remember compared with taking notes. Valuable because it checks memory later, not just in the moment. Peer reviewed; partly industry researchers. ### AI helping human tutors - ★ [Tutor CoPilot: A Human-AI Approach for Scaling Real-Time Expertise](https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.03017) (Wang, Ribeiro, Robinson, Loeb & Demszky, Stanford, 2024, Study, Free, Ages 8–12). Randomized trial where AI whispered suggestions to human tutors during live math sessions. Students were 4 points more likely to master topics, 9 points with weaker tutors, at about $20 per tutor per year. Tutors gave away fewer answers. - [Automated feedback improves teachers' questioning quality in brick-and-mortar classrooms: Opportunities for further enhancement](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2024.105183) (Demszky, Liu, Hill et al., 2025, Study, Paid). Teachers who got automatic AI feedback on their own classroom talk asked better questions. Shows another use of AI: coaching the adult rather than replacing them. Peer reviewed. - [Home-Tutoring Services Assisted with Technology: Investigating the Role of Artificial Intelligence Using a Randomized Field Experiment](https://doi.org/10.1177/00222437211050351) (Kim, Kim, Kwak & Lee, 2021, Study, Paid). A field experiment with a home-tutoring company testing what happens when AI tools support human tutors. An early example, before chatbots, of AI and people working together on tutoring. Paywalled journal. ### Offloading and over-reliance - [Your Brain on ChatGPT (project site)](https://www.brainonllm.com/) (Kosmyna et al., MIT Media Lab, 2025, Article, Free). The researchers' own site for the study, with summaries and an FAQ. Worth reading before trusting headlines that claim ChatGPT "damages" brains, which the study does not show. - [The Impact of Generative AI on Critical Thinking: Self-Reported Reductions in Cognitive Effort and Confidence Effects From a Survey of Knowledge Workers](https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/publication/the-impact-of-generative-ai-on-critical-thinking-self-reported-reductions-in-cognitive-effort-and-confidence-effects-from-a-survey-of-knowledge-workers/) (Lee, Sarkar et al., Microsoft Research and CMU, 2025, Study, Free). Survey of 319 office workers. The more people trusted AI, the less critical thinking they reported; the more they trusted themselves, the more. Adults, self-report, industry researchers, but a clear picture of how trust shapes thinking. - [Beware of Metacognitive Laziness: Effects of Generative Artificial Intelligence on Learning Motivation, Processes, and Performance](https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.09315) (Fan, Tang ... Gašević, 2024, Study, Free). 117 university students wrote with help from ChatGPT, a human expert, other tools, or nothing. ChatGPT raised essay scores but not real knowledge gain, and students planned and checked their own work less. Coined "metacognitive laziness." Also in BJET. - [AI Tools in Society: Impacts on Cognitive Offloading and the Future of Critical Thinking](https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4698/15/1/6) (Michael Gerlich, 2025, Study, Free). Survey and interviews with 666 people linking heavy AI use to lower critical-thinking scores, strongest in younger users. Widely shared, but it is correlational and self-reported, so it cannot show that AI causes the drop. - [Cognitive ease at a cost: LLMs reduce mental effort but compromise depth in student scientific inquiry](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2024.108386) (Stadler, Bannert & Sailer, 2024, Study, Paid). University students researching a science question with ChatGPT felt less mental strain than those using Google, but wrote shallower, weaker arguments. Easier is not the same as learning more. - [Faster Completion, Less Learning: Generative AI Reduced Study Time on Math Problems and the Knowledge They Build](https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.21629) (Rismanchian et al., UC Irvine and McGraw Hill, 2026, Study, Free, Teens). Millions of records from the ALEKS math platform. After ChatGPT arrived, students sped through easy-to-paste word problems and then scored much worse on those on proctored tests. Indirect evidence, preprint, co-written by the platform's maker. - [Faster solutions, lower test scores: How AI is eroding math skills](https://hechingerreport.org/proof-points-ai-eroding-math-skills/) (Jill Barshay, Hechinger Report, 2026, Article, Free, Teens). Plain explanation of the ALEKS data study: word-problem accuracy on supervised tests fell from about 80% to about 60% while graphing problems, which are harder to paste into a chatbot, held steady. - [Generative AI Can Harm Teaching](https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=7007339) (Sungu, Duckworth et al., Penn, 2026, Study, Free). Randomized trial with 193 teachers in Turkey. Teachers given a ChatGPT lesson assistant made blander lessons, and students of weaker teachers lost ground. A reminder that AI shortcuts can hit kids through adults too. Unpublished draft. - [Teachers save time with AI. Their students may pay the price](https://hechingerreport.org/proof-points-ai-in-teaching/) (Jill Barshay, Hechinger Report, 2026, Article, Free). Summary of the teacher-assistant trial in Turkey: students rated AI-assisted lessons as less interesting, and the harm landed mostly in classes of weaker teachers. ### Company research and features - [How Google's LearnLM generative AI models support teachers and learners](https://blog.google/outreach-initiatives/education/google-learnlm-gemini-generative-ai/) (Google, 2024, Blog, Free). Google's launch post for LearnLM, its tutoring-tuned Gemini models, built around five learning-science ideas such as active learning and managing mental load. Company announcement, not evidence of results. - [LearnLM: Improving Gemini for Learning](https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.16429) (LearnLM Team, Google, 2024, Report, Free). Google's technical report on training Gemini to follow teaching instructions. Expert raters preferred it to other chatbots for tutoring. Rater preference is not the same as students learning more. Company research. - [Towards Responsible Development of Generative AI for Education: An Evaluation-Driven Approach](https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.12687) (Jurenka, Kunesch et al., Google DeepMind, 2024, Report, Free). Google DeepMind's long paper on how to measure whether an AI tutor teaches well, turning learning science into seven tests. Useful for anyone asking what "good tutoring" means for a chatbot. Company research. - [OpenAI launches Study Mode in ChatGPT](https://www.techcrunch.com/2025/07/29/openai-launches-study-mode-in-chatgpt/) (TechCrunch, 2025, Article, Free). News report on ChatGPT's study mode, which quizzes students and gives hints rather than answers. Built with custom instructions from teachers and learning experts, but students can switch it off in one click. - [Introducing Claude for Education](https://www.anthropic.com/news/introducing-claude-for-education) (Anthropic, 2025, Blog, Free). Anthropic's launch of Claude for universities, including a learning mode that asks students how they would approach a problem instead of solving it. Company announcement; aimed at college, not children. - [Anthropic Education Report: How University Students Use Claude](https://www.anthropic.com/research/anthropic-education-report-how-university-students-use-claude) (Anthropic, 2025, Report, Free). Analysis of about a million anonymized student chats. Many asked Claude to create or analyze for them, which the company itself flags as a sign students may hand off thinking. Company research on its own product. - [Anthropic Education Report: How Educators Use Claude](https://www.anthropic.com/research/anthropic-education-report-how-educators-use-claude) (Anthropic, 2025, Report, Free). Study of 74,000 professor chats: most built lessons and teaching tools, but nearly half of grading chats were fully handed to AI even though faculty rated that use worst. Company research. - [Introducing Claude for Teachers](https://www.anthropic.com/news/claude-for-teachers) (Anthropic, 2026, Blog, Free). Anthropic's free offer for verified US K-12 teachers, linking Claude to standards, open curricula and tools like ASSISTments and Eedi, with a Detroit pilot to study effects. Company announcement. - [Khanmigo](https://www.khanmigo.ai/) (Khan Academy, 2023, App, Free + paid, Ages 5–8). Khan Academy's AI tutor and teacher assistant, designed to ask guiding questions rather than give answers, built into Khan Academy practice. Nonprofit maker; independent trials so far show small gains similar to Khan Academy alone. ### Intelligent tutoring history - ★ [The 2 Sigma Problem: The Search for Methods of Group Instruction as Effective as One-to-One Tutoring](https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X013006004) (Benjamin Bloom, 1984, Study, Paid). The classic paper claiming tutored students beat 98% of classroom peers. Almost every AI tutor pitch cites it. The two-sigma figure came from small studies and has not held up at that size; see von Hippel's critique. - ★ [Two-Sigma Tutoring: Separating Science Fiction from Science Fact](https://www.educationnext.org/two-sigma-tutoring-separating-science-fiction-from-science-fact/) (Paul T. von Hippel, Education Next, 2024, Article, Free). Shows Bloom's famous result rested on narrow tests and extra ingredients. Realistic tutoring effects are about a third of a standard deviation, a fairer target for AI tutors. Best single read on what to expect. - [The Relative Effectiveness of Human Tutoring, Intelligent Tutoring Systems, and Other Tutoring Systems](https://doi.org/10.1080/00461520.2011.611369) (Kurt VanLehn, 2011, Review, Paid). Landmark review finding human tutoring was far less than two sigma (about 0.79) and step-by-step computer tutors came close (about 0.76). Suggests the step-level feedback, not the human, does much of the work. - [Effectiveness of Intelligent Tutoring Systems: A Meta-Analytic Review](https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654315581420) (Kulik & Fletcher, 2016, Meta-analysis, Paid). Pooled 50 controlled studies of pre-chatbot tutoring software and found sizable average gains, larger on tests the researchers designed than on standardized tests. A good baseline for judging new AI claims. - [Intelligent tutoring systems and learning outcomes: A meta-analysis](https://doi.org/10.1037/a0037123) (Ma, Adesope, Nesbit & Liu, 2014, Meta-analysis, Paid). Review of 107 effect sizes: computer tutors beat teacher-led large-group teaching and plain computer drills, and roughly matched small-group or one-to-one human tutoring. - [A meta-analysis of the effectiveness of intelligent tutoring systems on college students' academic learning](https://doi.org/10.1037/a0034752) (Steenbergen-Hu & Cooper, 2014, Meta-analysis, Paid). Found moderate average benefits of tutoring software for college students compared with typical instruction. A useful check on whether the older software already delivered what AI tutors now promise. - [Cognitive Tutors: Lessons Learned](https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327809jls0402_2) (Anderson, Corbett, Koedinger & Pelletier, 1995, Article, Paid). The founders of the Carnegie Mellon Cognitive Tutor explain a decade of building software that tracks each step of a student's work. The roots of today's math tutors like MATHia. - [Effectiveness of Cognitive Tutor Algebra I at Scale](https://doi.org/10.3102/0162373713507480) (Pane, Griffin, McCaffrey & Karam, RAND, 2014, Study, Paid, Teens). A large RAND randomized trial in 147 schools. Cognitive Tutor Algebra showed no effect in year one and a meaningful gain in year two, a lesson that new tools often need time and teacher practice to work. - [Online Mathematics Homework Increases Student Achievement](https://doi.org/10.1177/2332858416673968) (Roschelle, Feng, Murphy & Mason, 2016, Study, Free, Ages 8–12). Randomized trial in Maine middle schools of ASSISTments, free homework software giving instant feedback and teacher reports. Students gained notably, with the biggest gains for lower achievers. Open access. - [AutoTutor: A tutor with dialogue in natural language](https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03195563) (Graesser et al., University of Memphis, 2004, Article, Paid). Describes AutoTutor, a pre-ChatGPT tutor that held conversations in plain English, giving hints and prompts like a human tutor. Shows that "chat with a tutor" research is decades old. - [Disrupting Education? Experimental Evidence on Technology-Aided Instruction in India](https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20171112) (Muralidharan, Singh & Ganimian, 2019, Study, Paid, Ages 8–12). Randomized trial of Mindspark, adaptive software used in after-school centers in Delhi. Middle schoolers made large gains in math and Hindi because the software met them at their real level, often years behind grade. - [Education Technology: An Evidence-Based Review](https://www.nber.org/papers/w23744) (Escueta, Quan, Nickow & Oreopoulos, 2017, Review, Free). Broad review of randomized studies on ed tech. Computer-assisted learning, especially in math, was among the most consistently helpful; simply giving kids devices was not. Later published in the Journal of Economic Literature. - [A systematic review of AI-driven intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) in K-12 education](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41539-025-00320-7) (Létourneau et al., 2025, Review, Free). Recent open-access review of tutoring software studies with school-age children. Effects are generally positive but shrink when compared with other good teaching, and many studies are small. Good for a sober overview. - [Evolution and Revolution in Artificial Intelligence in Education](https://doi.org/10.1007/s40593-016-0110-3) (Roll & Wylie, 2016, Review, Paid). A look back at 25 years of AI in education research, arguing the field should move beyond drill software toward collaboration and real-world settings. Helpful context for how today's chatbots fit a longer story. ### Reviews and reports - [Does ChatGPT enhance student learning? A systematic review and meta-analysis of experimental studies](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2024.105224) (Deng, Jiang, Yu, Lu & Liu, 2025, Meta-analysis, Paid). Pools experiments on ChatGPT and learning. Average effects on performance look positive, but most studies are short, small and measure work done with AI present, so durable learning is less clear. - [RETRACTED: The effect of ChatGPT on students' learning performance, learning perception, and higher-order thinking: insights from a meta-analysis](https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-025-04787-y) (Wang & Fan, 2025, Meta-analysis, Free). A widely shared 2025 meta-analysis reporting large ChatGPT benefits that has since been retracted. Listed here as a warning: if an article or chatbot cites it as proof, treat the claim as unsupported. - ★ [The Evidence Base on AI in K-12: A 2026 Review](https://scale.stanford.edu/sites/default/files/The%20Evidence%20Base%20on%20AI%20in%20K-12%20Report.pdf) (Fesler, Martinez, Agnew & Loeb, Stanford SCALE, 2026, Review, Free). Of 800+ papers, only 20 gave strong causal evidence, none with US K-12 students. Pattern: AI boosts work while kids have it, gains often fade without it, and tools that guide rather than answer look best. The best current summary. - [AI Hub for Education Research Repository](https://scale.stanford.edu/ai/repository) (Stanford SCALE Initiative, 2025, Data, Free). Searchable, monthly-updated collection of over 1,600 studies on AI in preK-12 education, filterable by age, use and study design. Most entries are preprints, so check study quality. - ★ [A new direction for students in an AI world: Prosper, prepare, protect](https://www.brookings.edu/articles/a-new-direction-for-students-in-an-ai-world-prosper-prepare-protect/) (Burns, Winthrop et al., Brookings, 2026, Report, Free). A year-long global review with 500+ people in 50 countries and 400+ studies. It concludes that for now AI's risks to children's learning outweigh its benefits, and gives 12 steps, including picking tools that teach instead of answer. - [OECD Digital Education Outlook 2026](https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/oecd-digital-education-outlook-2026_062a7394-en.html) (OECD, 2026, Report, Free). The OECD's flagship report on digital education, focused on generative AI in learning and teaching, with evidence reviews and country examples. Free to read online. - [OECD Digital Education Outlook 2023](https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/oecd-digital-education-outlook-2023_c74f03de-en.html) (OECD, 2023, Report, Free). Earlier OECD edition on building effective digital education systems, including adaptive learning and data use. Helpful background before the 2026 generative AI edition. - [Guidance for generative AI in education and research](https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/guidance-generative-ai-education-and-research) (UNESCO, 2023, Guide, Free). The first global guidance on generative AI in schools. It calls for privacy rules, teacher training and a minimum age for using chatbots on one's own, and for human-centered, age-appropriate design. - [Artificial intelligence in education](https://www.unesco.org/en/digital-education/artificial-intelligence) (UNESCO, Organization, Free). UNESCO's hub for its work on AI in education, including AI competency frameworks for students and teachers, policy guides for governments, and links to its global guidance. - [S.A.F.E. by Design: Policy, Research, and Practice Recommendations for AI Companions in Education](https://www.edsafeai.org/safieaichatbots) (EDSAFE AI Alliance, 2026, Guide, Free). Task force report on chatbots that act as tutors or companions for students, with safety and design recommendations for schools and companies. - [AI Tutors: Hype or Hope for Education?](https://www.educationnext.org/ai-tutors-hype-or-hope-for-education-forum/) (John Bailey & John Warner, Education Next, 2025, Article, Free). A debate. Bailey argues on-demand AI expertise could help students now; Warner argues AI tutors repeat a century of failed teaching machines and miss why kids disengage. Good for seeing both sides. - [The 5 Percent Problem](https://www.educationnext.org/5-percent-problem-online-mathematics-programs-may-benefit-most-kids-who-need-it-least/) (Laurence Holt, Education Next, 2024, Article, Free). Online math programs work for kids who use them as recommended, but only about 5% do, and they are often the kids already ahead. The same usage problem now shows up in AI tutor trials. ### Tools and organizations - [MATHia](https://www.carnegielearning.com/solutions/math/mathia/) (Carnegie Learning, App, Paid, Teens). The current version of the Carnegie Mellon Cognitive Tutor for grades 6-12 math, sold to schools. It follows each step of a student's work and gives targeted hints. Commercial product with a long research record. - [ASSISTments](https://www.assistments.org/) (ASSISTments (nonprofit), Tool, Free, Ages 8–12). Free math homework tool for teachers that gives students instant feedback and shows teachers who is stuck. Backed by a randomized trial and widely used as a research platform. - [LearnLab](https://learnlab.org/) (Carnegie Mellon Simon Initiative, Organization, Free). Carnegie Mellon's learning-science research center, behind much of the intelligent tutoring research of the last 30 years. It shares tools, datasets and study results with other researchers. - [Rori](https://www.rori.ai/) (Rising Academies, App, Free, Ages 8–12). A math tutor that works over WhatsApp on basic phones, built for students in Africa. Tested in a randomized trial in Ghana run by its own team. - [Eedi](https://www.eedi.com/) (Eedi, Tool, Free + paid, Ages 8–12). UK math platform built around diagnostic questions that reveal each student's misconception. Its AI tutor only steps in after a specific wrong answer, and it runs trials with Google DeepMind. - [Digital Promise](https://www.digitalpromise.org/) (Digital Promise, Organization, Free). Nonprofit that studies education technology and certifies products that show research-based design, including AI tools. Useful when checking claims an app makes about itself. - [Center on Reinventing Public Education](https://www.crpe.org/) (CRPE, Arizona State University, Organization, Free). Arizona State research center that tracks how schools adopt AI, with reports on early-adopter districts, AI tutoring pilots and what school leaders are learning. - [Teaching Systems Lab](https://tsl.mit.edu/) (MIT, Organization, Free). Justin Reich's MIT lab studying how new technology, including generative AI, actually changes teaching in real schools. Home of the TeachLab podcast and its Homework Machine series. ### Human tutoring evidence - ★ [The Impressive Effects of Tutoring on PreK-12 Learning: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Experimental Evidence](https://www.nber.org/papers/w27476) (Nickow, Oreopoulos & Quan, 2020, Meta-analysis, Free). Pools nearly 100 randomized trials of human tutoring. Average gain about 0.37 standard deviations, larger with teachers or trained paraprofessionals and in early grades. The benchmark any AI tutor should be judged against. - [Not Too Late: Improving Academic Outcomes Among Adolescents](https://www.nber.org/papers/w28531) (Guryan, Ludwig et al., 2021, Study, Free, Teens). Two big Chicago trials of daily in-school math tutoring by Saga Education. Teens gained 0.16 to 0.37 standard deviations in math and got better grades, showing it is never too late to catch up. Published in the AER in 2023. - [National Student Support Accelerator](https://nssa.stanford.edu/) (Stanford University, Organization, Free). Stanford center that studies and supports high-impact tutoring, with toolkits, a research database, and recent briefs on what AI tutoring can and cannot do yet. - [What is High-Impact Tutoring?](https://nssa.stanford.edu/about/high-impact-tutoring) (National Student Support Accelerator, Guide, Free). Short explainer of the tutoring recipe that works: sessions several times a week, small groups, the same trained tutor, and good materials. A checklist parents can use to judge any tutoring service, human or AI. - [Toolkit for Tutoring Programs](https://nssa.stanford.edu/toolkit-tutoring-programs) (National Student Support Accelerator, Guide, Free). Free step-by-step toolkit for schools and community groups starting tutoring programs, covering tutor hiring and training, scheduling, materials and how to measure whether it is working. - [Design Principles for Accelerating Student Learning With High-Impact Tutoring](https://annenberg.brown.edu/sites/default/files/EdResearch_for_Recovery_Design_Principles_1.pdf) (Robinson, Kraft, Loeb & Schueler, 2021, Guide, Free). Four-page research brief on what makes tutoring work: frequency, small groups, consistent tutors, and links to class content. Clear and practical. - [A Blueprint for Scaling Tutoring Across Public Schools](https://edworkingpapers.com/ai20-335) (Kraft & Falken, 2020, Report, Free). Thought experiment on how the US could give every student tutoring, covering cost, staffing and using technology to stretch human tutors. Useful context for why people hope AI can help. - ★ [AI Tutoring is Not a Monolith: What We Actually Know](https://nssa.stanford.edu/sites/default/files/AI%20Tutoring%20is%20Not%20a%20Monolith%20What%20We%20Actually%20Know.pdf) (National Student Support Accelerator, Stanford, 2026, Report, Free). Sorts AI tutoring into types by how much human contact each keeps. Bottom line: AI that boosts human tutors has evidence; AI-only tutoring is useful practice but not yet proven tutoring, and depends on adults setting it up. - [AI Tutors Not Yet a Replacement for Humans, Research Says](https://www.the74million.org/article/ai-tutors-not-yet-a-replacement-for-humans-research-says/) (Linda Jacobson, The 74, 2026, Article, Free). News story with a parent's view of her kids' frustration with an AI reading tutor, and researchers noting most children do not use such tools long enough to benefit. - [Saga Education](https://www.saga.org/) (Saga Education, Organization, Free, Teens). Nonprofit running daily in-school math tutoring, the program behind the Chicago "Not Too Late" trials, now testing technology to stretch its human tutors. - [How High-Impact Tutoring Is Reshaping Post-Pandemic Learning Recovery](https://www.gse.harvard.edu/ideas/edcast/25/11/how-high-impact-tutoring-reshaping-post-pandemic-learning-recovery) (Harvard EdCast, 2025, Podcast, Free). Interview with author Liz Cohen on how schools used tutoring after the pandemic and what made it work. Human tutoring only, but the background every AI tutor debate needs. ### Explainers, blogs and podcasts - [The Homework Apocalypse](https://www.oneusefulthing.org/p/the-homework-apocalypse) (Ethan Mollick, One Useful Thing, 2023, Blog, Free). Wharton professor's early warning that AI can do nearly all homework, and ideas for how teaching might change, including AI as tutor. - [Post-apocalyptic education](https://www.oneusefulthing.org/p/post-apocalyptic-education) (Ethan Mollick, One Useful Thing, 2024, Blog, Free). Mollick's follow-up: students feel AI help is teaching them when it often is not, and teachers overestimate their ability to spot AI work. Argues for redesigning classes around AI that prompts thinking. - [Against "Brain Damage"](https://www.oneusefulthing.org/p/against-brain-damage) (Ethan Mollick, One Useful Thing, 2025, Blog, Free). A calm response to scary headlines about AI and the brain. AI does not damage brains, but lazy use can weaken thinking; his advice is to think first, then use AI to push further. - [The future of education in a world of AI](https://www.oneusefulthing.org/p/the-future-of-education-in-a-world) (Ethan Mollick, One Useful Thing, 2023, Blog, Free). Mollick's hopeful sketch of classrooms where AI tutors give each student individual help outside class and teachers use class time for discussion and active learning. - [Assigning AI: Seven Ways of Using AI in Class](https://www.oneusefulthing.org/p/assigning-ai-seven-ways-of-using) (Ethan Mollick, One Useful Thing, 2023, Blog, Free). Seven roles AI can play for students, including tutor, coach and teammate, with sample prompts and what can go wrong with each. Practical for parents trying a tutor prompt at home. - [Co-Intelligence: Living and Working with AI](https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/741805/co-intelligence-by-ethan-mollick/) (Ethan Mollick, 2024, Book, Paid). Bestselling general book on working with AI, with a chapter on AI as tutor and why effortful learning still matters. - [Six Important Findings from the AI in Action Learning Tour](https://danmeyer.substack.com/p/six-important-findings-from-the-ai) (Dan Meyer, Mathworlds, 2026, Blog, Free). A math educator summarizes classroom visits watching AI tools in use. Tools that respect the teacher did better; many tools were dreary; students copied Google's AI summaries without reading. - [Mathworlds](https://danmeyer.substack.com/) (Dan Meyer, Newsletter, Free). Newsletter by a well-known math teacher and ed tech critic, often skeptical of AI tutor claims and focused on what makes kids want to think. - [The Homework Machine Ep 1: "Buckle Up, Here it Comes!"](https://www.teachlabpodcast.com/the-homework-machine-ep-1-buckle-up-here-it-comes/) (Justin Reich, TeachLab (MIT), 2025, Podcast, Free). First episode of an MIT podcast series on how generative AI arrived in schools uninvited, told through teachers and students. Thoughtful and grounded. - [Teaching Students to Think Critically About AI](https://www.gse.harvard.edu/ideas/edcast/25/10/teaching-students-think-critically-about-ai) (Harvard EdCast, 2025, Podcast, Free). Two education professors on teaching kids that AI is not neutral, with ideas like auditing who built a tool and why. - [Class Disrupted Podcast](https://www.the74million.org/class-disrupted-podcast/) (The 74, Podcast, Free). Podcast from the nonprofit education news site The 74 about rethinking how school works, with recurring episodes on AI tutors, personalized learning and new school models. - [Artificial Intelligence (topic page)](https://www.the74million.org/tag/artificial-intelligence/) (The 74, Article, Free). Running collection of education news on AI in schools from a nonprofit newsroom, including AI tutor trials and district rollouts. ## How learning works Retrieval, spacing, mastery and feedback: the techniques with the best evidence, and the myths to drop. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/learning-science ### Study techniques that work - ★ [Improving Students' Learning With Effective Learning Techniques: Promising Directions From Cognitive and Educational Psychology](https://www.psychologicalscience.org/journals/pspi/1529100612453266/) (Dunlosky, Rawson, Marsh, Nathan & Willingham, 2013, Review, Free). The landmark review of ten study habits. Self-testing and spreading study out rated best; rereading, highlighting and summarizing rated low, even though kids use them most. The APS page may ask for a login; free copies are widely posted. - [Strengthening the Student Toolbox: Study Strategies to Boost Learning](https://www.aft.org/ae/fall2013/dunlosky) (John Dunlosky, American Educator, 2013, Article, Free). A short, readable version of the big 2013 review written for teachers. Explains why quizzing yourself and spacing study beat rereading, with simple classroom ideas parents can borrow for homework time. - ★ [Six Strategies for Effective Learning (posters, slides and bookmarks)](https://www.learningscientists.org/downloadable-materials) (The Learning Scientists, Guide, Free). Free posters and slides on six research-backed strategies: spaced practice, retrieval practice, elaboration, interleaving, concrete examples and dual coding. Clear enough to stick on a fridge; free for non-commercial use with credit. - [Learning strategy videos](https://www.learningscientists.org/videos) (The Learning Scientists, Video, Free, Ages 8–12). Short videos on each of the six learning strategies, in a slower classroom version and a quick, fun version aimed at students. A painless way to show an older child why self-quizzing beats rereading. - [Understanding How We Learn: A Visual Guide](https://www.learningscientists.org/uhwl) (Yana Weinstein & Megan Sumeracki, illus. Oliver Caviglioli, 2018, Book, Paid). An illustrated book from two cognitive psychologists explaining how memory works and the six core study strategies, plus how to judge evidence. Written mostly for teachers but includes tips for parents. - ★ [The Science of Learning (2nd edition)](https://www.deansforimpact.org/files/assets/thescienceoflearning2nded.pdf) (Deans for Impact, 2026, Guide, Free). A short, free summary of what cognitive science says about how students understand, remember and transfer ideas, with classroom implications. The 2026 second edition adds common pitfalls and a section on helping students direct their own learning. - ★ [Organizing Instruction and Study to Improve Student Learning (IES Practice Guide)](https://ies.ed.gov/ncee/wwc/PracticeGuide/1) (Pashler et al., US Institute of Education Sciences, 2007, Guide, Free). A US government guide with seven recommendations, each graded by strength of evidence: space learning out, mix worked examples with problems, pair pictures with words, quiz often, and ask deep 'why' questions. - [Principles of Instruction: Research-Based Strategies That All Teachers Should Know](https://www.aft.org/sites/default/files/periodicals/Rosenshine.pdf) (Barak Rosenshine, American Educator, 2012, Article, Free). Ten widely shared principles drawn from cognitive science and studies of effective teachers: start with a short review, teach in small steps, check understanding, aim for a high success rate and review weekly and monthly. - ★ [Make It Stick: The Science of Successful Learning](https://source.washu.edu/2014/04/science-of-learning-book-offers-tips-to-make-it-stick/) (Peter C. Brown, Henry L. Roediger III & Mark A. McDaniel, 2014, Book, Paid). The best-known popular book on learning science, by a writer and two memory researchers. Explains retrieval practice, mixing up practice and why easy-feeling study creates an illusion of knowing. Link is the university's write-up of the book. - ★ [Why Don't Students Like School? (2nd edition)](https://www.danielwillingham.com/books.html) (Daniel T. Willingham, 2021, Book, Paid). A cognitive scientist explains in plain language why thinking is hard work, why background knowledge matters, and why practice is essential. A favorite with teachers and very useful for parents. Link goes to the author's book list. - [Eight Ways to Promote Generative Learning](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-015-9348-9) (Logan Fiorella & Richard E. Mayer, 2016, Review, Paid). Reviews eight activities that make learners build meaning themselves: summarizing, mapping, drawing, imagining, self-testing, self-explaining, teaching others and enacting. Shows that how a child processes material matters, with effect sizes for each. - [The ICAP Framework: Linking Cognitive Engagement to Active Learning Outcomes](https://doi.org/10.1080/00461520.2014.965823) (Michelene Chi & Ruth Wylie, 2014, Review, Paid). Sorts learning activities into passive, active, constructive and interactive, and argues that learning grows as you move up the ladder. A useful lens for judging whether an app or worksheet makes kids think or only click. ### Retrieval and spacing - [Test-Enhanced Learning: Taking Memory Tests Improves Long-Term Retention](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16507066/) (Henry L. Roediger III & Jeffrey D. Karpicke, 2006, Study, Free). The classic testing-effect experiment. Students who recalled a passage remembered more a week later than students who reread it, even though rereaders felt more confident. Testing is a way to learn, not only to measure. - ★ [RetrievalPractice.org](https://www.retrievalpractice.org/) (Pooja K. Agarwal, Organization, Free). A hub run by cognitive scientist Pooja Agarwal with 100+ free downloads, practice guides, research snapshots and no-prep quiz ideas. Aimed at teachers, but the guides translate easily to the kitchen table. - [How to Use Retrieval Practice to Improve Learning](https://pdf.retrievalpractice.org/RetrievalPracticeGuide.pdf) (Agarwal, Roediger, McDaniel & McDermott, 2020, Guide, Free). A free illustrated guide by four leading memory researchers explaining retrieval practice (pulling information out of memory) and simple ways to use it, such as brain dumps, flashcards done right and quick no-stakes quizzes. - [How to Implement Retrieval-Based Learning in Early Childhood Education](https://pdf.retrievalpractice.org/EarlyChildhoodGuide.pdf) (Lisa K. Fazio & Pooja K. Agarwal, 2020, Guide, Free, Ages 0–5). A rare guide focused on young children. Summarizes evidence that recall practice helps even preschoolers and early grade-schoolers, and suggests gentle ways to ask little kids to remember stories, words and events. - [How to Use Spaced Retrieval Practice to Boost Learning](https://pdf.retrievalpractice.org/SpacingGuide.pdf) (Shana K. Carpenter & Pooja K. Agarwal, 2020, Guide, Free). A free guide explaining why spreading practice over days and weeks beats cramming, and how to build revisits of old material into a routine. Includes simple planning ideas that work for homework too. - [Retrieval Practice Consistently Benefits Student Learning: A Systematic Review of Applied Research in Schools and Classrooms](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-021-09595-9) (Agarwal, Nunes & Blunt, 2021, Review, Free). Looks only at studies done in real schools and classrooms rather than labs, and finds that retrieval practice helped in the large majority, across ages and subjects. Good evidence that the lab effect survives real life. - [Rethinking the Use of Tests: A Meta-Analysis of Practice Testing](https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654316689306) (Adesope, Trevisan & Sundararajan, 2017, Meta-analysis, Paid). Pools over 200 comparisons and finds practice tests beat restudying and other activities, with benefits across ages and formats. Multiple-choice and short-answer quizzes both helped, especially with feedback. - [Testing (Quizzing) Boosts Classroom Learning: A Systematic and Meta-Analytic Review](https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000309) (Yang, Luo, Vadillo, Yu & Shanks, 2021, Meta-analysis, Paid). A large meta-analysis of quizzing in real classrooms, from primary school to university. Class quizzes improved later exam results, with the gains holding across subjects and school levels. - [Distributed Practice in Verbal Recall Tasks: A Review and Quantitative Synthesis](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16719566/) (Cepeda, Pashler, Vul, Wixted & Rohrer, 2006, Meta-analysis, Paid). The key meta-analysis of the spacing effect, covering 317 experiments. Spaced study beats massed study, and the best gap between sessions grows with how long you need to remember something. - [The science of effective learning with spacing and retrieval practice](https://www.nature.com/articles/s44159-022-00089-1) (Shana Carpenter, Steven Pan & Andrew Butler, 2022, Review, Paid). An up-to-date review in Nature Reviews Psychology of why spacing and retrieval work, how to apply them, and why learners underuse them. Paywalled; the free spacing guide above covers the practical side. - [Replication and Analysis of Ebbinghaus' Forgetting Curve](https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0120644) (Jaap Murre & Joeri Dros, 2015, Study, Free). A modern replication of the famous 1880s forgetting curve. Memory drops fast and then levels off, much as Ebbinghaus found, with a possible bump after a night's sleep. The reason review timing matters. - [Retrieval Practice: The Most Powerful Learning Strategy You're Not Using](https://www.cultofpedagogy.com/retrieval-practice/) (Jennifer Gonzalez, Cult of Pedagogy, 2017, Blog, Free). A friendly explainer and interview with Pooja Agarwal on retrieval practice, with concrete activities such as brain dumps, think-pair-share and better flashcard habits. Notes that quizzes should be low-stakes and spaced. - [Getting the most out of revision by using the testing effect](https://researchschool.org.uk/durrington/news/getting-the-most-out-of-revision-by-using-the-testing-effect) (Durrington Research School, Blog, Free, Teens). A UK school's practical post on using the testing effect for revision, built around the Roediger and Karpicke findings. Useful for families with teens preparing for exams. - [A conversation with Pooja Agarwal on retrieval practice and analogical thinking](https://the-learning-agency.com/insights/a-conversation-with-pooja-agarwal-on-retrieval-practice-and-analogical-thinking/) (The Learning Agency, Article, Free). An interview with the cognitive scientist behind RetrievalPractice.org about why recall strengthens memory and how comparing examples helps kids transfer ideas to new problems. ### Difficulty, interleaving and cognitive load - [Desirable Difficulties](https://www.psychologicalscience.org/observer/desirable-difficulties) (Mariko Hewer, APS Observer, 2016, Article, Free). Explains the Bjork lab's idea that some struggle during practice, such as spacing, mixing topics and self-testing, leads to better long-term learning even though it feels worse and looks worse in the moment. - [Desirable difficulty](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desirable_difficulty) (Wikipedia, Article, Free). An overview of the term coined by Robert Bjork in 1994, with the main techniques and an important caveat: a difficulty only helps if the learner has enough background to cope with it. - [What are desirable difficulties?](https://www.tes.com/magazine/tes-explains/what-are-desirable-difficulties) (Tes, Article, Free). A short explainer for teachers on desirable difficulties, covering spacing, interleaving, self-testing and generating answers before being told. Easy reading for parents curious about why harder practice can work better. - [Similarity Matters: A Meta-Analysis of Interleaved Learning and Its Moderators](https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000209) (Matthias Brunmair & Tobias Richter, 2019, Meta-analysis, Paid). Pools interleaving studies and finds mixing topics helps most when the things being mixed are easy to confuse, like similar paintings or math problem types, and helps little or even hurts for very different material. - [The benefit of interleaved mathematics practice is not limited to superficially similar kinds of problems](https://www.gwern.net/doc/psychology/spaced-repetition/2014-rohrer.pdf) (Doug Rohrer, Robert Dedrick & Kaleena Burgess, 2014, Study, Free, Ages 8–12). A classroom study with 7th graders: mixed homework sets roughly doubled scores on a surprise test weeks later compared with blocked sets of one problem type. Strong evidence for mixing up math practice. - [Interleaved Mathematics Practice: Giving Students a Chance to Learn What They Need to Know](https://pdf.retrievalpractice.org/InterleavingGuide.pdf) (Doug Rohrer, Robert Dedrick & Pooja Agarwal, Guide, Free, Ages 8–12). A free guide from the lead researcher on interleaving explaining why mixing math problem types teaches kids to pick the right strategy, and how to build mixed review sets. - [Systematic Replication Study of Interleaved Mathematics Practice](https://ies.ed.gov/use-work/awards/systematic-replication-study-interleaved-mathematics-practice?ID=5754) (US Institute of Education Sciences, Study, Free, Ages 8–12). A federally funded project testing whether interleaved math practice holds up across a larger, more varied set of schools. A sign that the field is checking its own headline findings. - [Interleaving: A Classroom Experiment](https://www.learningscientists.org/blog/2021/10/28-1) (The Learning Scientists, 2021, Blog, Free). A short blog walk-through of a real classroom test of interleaving. Shows what mixing practice looks like in practice and why it can feel harder while working better. - [The Eighty Five Percent Rule for optimal learning](https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-12552-4) (Wilson, Shenhav, Straccia & Cohen, 2019, Study, Free). A mathematical analysis suggesting that, for a class of learning algorithms, training is fastest when learners succeed about 85 percent of the time. Often cited for adaptive difficulty; it is a model, not a classroom trial. - ★ [Cognitive load theory: Research that teachers really need to understand](https://education.nsw.gov.au/about-us/education-data-and-research/cese/publications/literature-reviews/cognitive-load-theory) (NSW Centre for Education Statistics and Evaluation, 2017, Review, Free). A clear government review of cognitive load theory: working memory is small, long-term memory is huge, and novices learn best from explicit teaching and worked examples, with independence growing as skill grows. - [Cognitive Load Theory: Advances in Research on Worked Examples, Animations, and Cognitive Load Measurement](https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10648-010-9145-4) (Tamara van Gog, Fred Paas & John Sweller, 2010, Review, Paid). An introduction to a special issue by the founders of cognitive load theory, summarizing research on worked examples, animations and how to measure mental effort. - [Cognitive load theory: Teaching strategies](https://www.teachermagazine.com/au_en/articles/cognitive-load-theory-teaching-strategies) (Teacher Magazine (ACER), Article, Free). An interview-style piece with John Sweller on the worked example effect and the expertise reversal effect: step-by-step examples help beginners, but the same help can get in the way once a child knows more. - [Why Minimal Guidance During Instruction Does Not Work](https://doi.org/10.1207/s15326985ep4102_1) (Paul Kirschner, John Sweller & Richard Clark, 2006, Review, Paid). An influential and debated paper arguing that discovery-style teaching overloads beginners and that explicit, guided instruction works better for novices. Read alongside critics who defend inquiry learning with good scaffolding. - [Learning from Examples: Instructional Principles from the Worked Examples Research](https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543070002181) (Atkinson, Derry, Renkl & Wortham, 2000, Review, Paid). A classic review of when studying solved examples helps: pair examples with practice problems, vary them, and ask learners to explain each step. Handy background for helping with math homework. ### Feedback and formative assessment - [The Power of Feedback](https://www.uky.edu/~gmswan3/575/Hattie_Timperley_2007.pdf) (John Hattie & Helen Timperley, 2007, Review, Free). The most-cited paper on feedback. Good feedback answers three questions: where am I going, how am I doing, and what next. Feedback about the task helps; praise aimed at the person helps little. - [The Effects of Feedback Interventions on Performance: A Historical Review, a Meta-Analysis, and a Preliminary Feedback Intervention Theory](https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.119.2.254) (Avraham Kluger & Angelo DeNisi, 1996, Meta-analysis, Free). The surprising classic: feedback helped on average, but over a third of feedback interventions made performance worse, especially when feedback drew attention to the self rather than the task. - [The Power of Feedback Revisited: A Meta-Analysis of Educational Feedback Research](https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.03087/full) (Benedikt Wisniewski, Klaus Zierer & John Hattie, 2020, Meta-analysis, Free). An updated, more careful meta-analysis of 435 studies. Feedback helps on average, but rich, informative feedback works far better than simple rewards or punishments, and effects vary a lot. - [Inside the Black Box: Raising Standards Through Classroom Assessment](https://kappanonline.org/inside-the-black-box-raising-standards-through-classroom-assessment/) (Paul Black & Dylan Wiliam, 1998, Article, Free). The article that launched the formative assessment movement. Using ongoing checks of understanding to adjust teaching, and giving comments instead of grades, raised achievement, often most for struggling students. - [EEF launches comprehensive updates to ten strands of the Teaching and Learning Toolkit](https://educationendowmentfoundation.org.uk/news/updates-ten-strands-toolkit) (Education Endowment Foundation, 2025, Report, Free). The UK's free Teaching and Learning Toolkit rates 30+ approaches, like feedback and metacognition, by months of progress, cost and strength of evidence. This page explains the 2025 move to yearly updates. - [Our Teaching and Learning Toolkit: what are the risks and how do we address them?](https://educationendowmentfoundation.org.uk/news/the-teaching-and-learning-toolkit-what-are-the-risks-and-how-do-we-address/) (Education Endowment Foundation, Blog, Free). The EEF's own honest look at how its 'months of progress' numbers can be misread, and why an average effect does not guarantee results in a particular school or home. - [Visible Learning](https://www.visiblelearning.com/) (John Hattie / Corwin, Organization, Some free). Home of John Hattie's Visible Learning work, which ranks hundreds of influences on achievement by effect size, including its MetaX database. Widely used by schools and also sells training; see the critiques below. - [John Hattie is Wrong](https://robertslavinsblog.wordpress.com/2018/06/21/john-hattie-is-wrong/) (Robert Slavin, 2018, Blog, Free). A respected researcher argues that Visible Learning's averaging of many meta-analyses, without screening out weak studies, inflates effect sizes and makes rankings misleading. Essential balance before trusting a league table of teaching methods. - [How to Engage in Pseudoscience with Real Data: A Criticism of John Hattie's Arguments in Visible Learning](https://mje.mcgill.ca/article/view/9475) (Pierre-Jerome Bergeron, 2017, Article, Free). A statistician's sharp critique of the methods behind Visible Learning, arguing the effect sizes are combined in ways that do not hold up. Peer-reviewed and free to read. ### Myths and debunkings - ★ [Learning Styles: Concepts and Evidence](https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/psy_facpub/1765/) (Pashler, McDaniel, Rohrer & Bjork, 2008, Review, Free). The definitive review on learning styles. There is no good evidence that matching teaching to a child's 'visual' or 'auditory' style improves learning; most studies never tested it properly. - [Daniel Willingham's Learning Styles FAQ](https://www.danielwillingham.com/learning-styles-faq.html) (Daniel T. Willingham, Article, Free). A cognitive scientist answers the common questions about learning styles: why the theory feels true, why the evidence says no, and what differences between kids really matter. - [Ask the Cognitive Scientist: Do Visual, Auditory, and Kinesthetic Learners Need Visual, Auditory, and Kinesthetic Instruction?](https://www.aft.org/periodical/american-educator/summer-2005/ask-cognitive-scientist) (Daniel T. Willingham, American Educator, 2005, Article, Free). Explains that memory mostly stores meaning, not sense format, so the best way to teach depends on the content, not the child's supposed style. Short and readable. - [The Learning Styles Myth is Thriving in Higher Education](https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01908/full) (Philip M. Newton, 2015, Study, Free). Found that 89 percent of recent research papers in higher education still endorsed learning styles, even though only one tested the idea and found no benefit. Shows how sticky the myth is. - [Neuromyths in Education: Prevalence and Predictors of Misconceptions among Teachers](https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00429/full) (Dekker, Lee, Howard-Jones & Jolles, 2012, Study, Free). Teachers in the UK and Netherlands believed about half of common brain myths, including learning styles and left/right-brain dominance. More general brain knowledge did not protect against myths. - [An Evaluation of the Left-Brain vs. Right-Brain Hypothesis with Resting State Functional Connectivity Magnetic Resonance Imaging](https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0071275) (Jared Nielsen et al., University of Utah, 2013, Study, Free). Brain scans of over 1,000 people aged 7 to 29 found no evidence that people are 'left-brained' or 'right-brained' overall. Some functions are lateralized, but personality types are not. - [Researchers debunk myth of right-brain and left-brain personality traits](https://healthcare.utah.edu/press-releases/2013/08/researchers-debunk-myth-of-right-brain-and-left-brainpersonality-traits) (University of Utah Health, 2013, Article, Free). A plain-language news release on the University of Utah brain-scan study showing there is no whole-brain left or right dominance. Quick to read and share. - [GUEST POST: Exploring the Left Brain / Right Brain Myth](https://learningscientists.org/blog/2016/8/2-1) (The Learning Scientists, 2016, Blog, Free). A guest post explaining where the left/right brain idea came from, what split-brain research actually showed, and why 'creative right brain' labels for kids do not hold up. - [Five Teaching and Learning Myths - Debunked](https://www.learningscientists.org/myths-debunked) (Adam Brown & Althea Need Kaminske, 2018, Book, Paid). A short book taking on five myths, including multitasking, learning styles and fear of testing, with what the evidence says and what to do instead. - [Do "Brain-Training" Programs Work?](https://doi.org/10.1177/1529100616661983) (Daniel Simons et al., 2016, Review, Free). A major review of commercial brain-training games. Players get better at the games themselves, but there is little evidence that this spreads to everyday thinking or school skills. Worth reading before buying. - [Does Far Transfer Exist? Negative Evidence From Chess, Music, and Working Memory Training](https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721417712760) (Giovanni Sala & Fernand Gobet, 2017, Review, Paid). Summarizes meta-analyses finding that chess, music lessons and memory training do not reliably make kids better at unrelated subjects like math or reading. Enjoy them for their own sake. - [Mozart effect-Shmozart effect: A meta-analysis](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intell.2010.03.001) (Pietschnig, Voracek & Formann, 2010, Meta-analysis, Paid, Ages 0–5). Pools about 40 studies on the idea that listening to Mozart boosts spatial ability. The effect is small, unreliable and partly due to publication bias. No reason to buy 'baby genius' music. ### Sleep and memory - [About Sleep's Role in Memory](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3768102/) (Bjorn Rasch & Jan Born, 2013, Review, Free). A long, free scientific review of how sleep helps lock in new memories, with deep sleep replaying and moving the day's learning into long-term storage. The go-to source behind 'sleep on it.' - [The sleeping child outplays the adult's capacity to convert implicit into explicit knowledge](https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.3343) (Wilhelm et al., 2013, Study, Paid, Ages 8–12). Children who slept after learning a hidden pattern were more likely than adults to become consciously aware of it afterward, linked to their deep sleep. Suggests sleep does extra work for young learners. - [About Sleep](https://www.cdc.gov/sleep/about/index.html) (US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Guide, Free). Official recommended sleep by age: 10 to 13 hours for preschoolers including naps, 9 to 12 for school-age kids and 8 to 10 for teens. A simple baseline before worrying about study tricks. - [Children and Sleep: Healthy Sleep Habits for Kids](https://www.sleepfoundation.org/children-and-sleep) (Sleep Foundation, Guide, Free). A parent guide to sleep needs and routines by age, noting links between sleep, memory and vocabulary and that naps appear to help toddlers consolidate memories. Practical bedtime tips; not medical advice. - [Matthew Walker's "Why We Sleep" Is Riddled with Scientific and Factual Errors](https://guzey.com/books/why-we-sleep/) (Alexey Guzey, 2019, Blog, Free). A detailed critique of the best-selling sleep book, checking its claims against the cited studies. A useful reminder that sleep matters for learning but popular books can overstate the science. ### Adaptive learning models - [Knowledge tracing: Modeling the acquisition of procedural knowledge](https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01099821) (Albert Corbett & John Anderson, 1995, Study, Paid). The paper that introduced Bayesian Knowledge Tracing, the method many tutoring systems use to estimate whether a student has mastered a skill from right and wrong answers. Paywalled; often cited as 1994. - [Bayesian knowledge tracing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayesian_knowledge_tracing) (Wikipedia, Article, Free). A clear overview of BKT: four numbers per skill (already known, learn, slip, guess) are updated after each answer to estimate mastery. The simplest way to see how an adaptive app decides a child is ready to move on. - [Deep Knowledge Tracing](https://arxiv.org/abs/1506.05908) (Piech et al., Stanford & Google, 2015, Study, Free). Used recurrent neural networks to predict how students will answer next, without hand-labeled skills. Sparked a wave of deep learning models for adaptive learning; later work questioned how big the gains were. - [How deep is knowledge tracing?](https://arxiv.org/abs/1604.02416) (Mohammad Khajah, Robert Lindsey & Michael Mozer, 2016, Study, Free). A reply to Deep Knowledge Tracing showing that simple, extended versions of Bayesian Knowledge Tracing match the neural network. A good example of science checking hype about AI in education. - [When is Deep Learning the Best Approach to Knowledge Tracing?](https://jedm.educationaldatamining.org/index.php/JEDM/article/view/451) (Gervet, Koedinger, Schneider & Mitchell, 2020, Study, Free). Compared model types on nine real datasets. Well-built logistic regression often wins on moderate data; deep models win on very large data; classic BKT lagged. There is no single best student model. - [Knowledge Tracing: A Survey](https://arxiv.org/abs/2201.06953) (Abdelrahman, Wang & Nunes, 2022, Review, Free). A technical survey of knowledge tracing methods from early Bayesian models to modern deep learning, with benchmark datasets and open problems. For readers who want the full landscape. - [pyBKT](https://github.com/CAHLR/pyBKT) (Pardos et al., UC Berkeley CAHLR, Tool, Free). A free, open-source Python library for Bayesian Knowledge Tracing and its variants. Lets curious technical parents or researchers try the same mastery estimates used inside tutoring systems. - [Item Response Theory (IRT)](https://www.publichealth.columbia.edu/research/population-health-methods/item-response-theory) (Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, Article, Free). A plain explainer of item response theory, the math behind adaptive tests: each question has a difficulty, each learner an ability, and the test picks questions that pin down ability fastest. - [Item response theory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Item_response_theory) (Wikipedia, Article, Free). A detailed reference on IRT models (one, two and three parameter) and computerized adaptive testing. Helps explain how school tests like MAP or state tests adjust to each child. - [Knowledge Space Theory (Research Behind ALEKS)](https://www.aleks.com/about_aleks/knowledge_space_theory) (ALEKS / McGraw Hill, Article, Free). Explains the theory behind ALEKS, an adaptive math product: a subject is mapped into many possible knowledge states, and about 25 to 30 questions locate what a student knows and is ready to learn. Written by the vendor. - [A Trainable Spaced Repetition Model for Language Learning](https://aclanthology.org/P16-1174/) (Burr Settles & Brendan Meeder, Duolingo, 2016, Study, Free). Duolingo's half-life regression paper: a model that estimates how long each word stays in a learner's memory and schedules review before it fades. Industry research with open data and code. - [How we learn how you learn](https://blog.duolingo.com/how-we-learn-how-you-learn/) (Burr Settles, Duolingo, 2016, Blog, Free). Duolingo explains in plain language how its half-life regression model predicts forgetting and when to review, compared with Leitner boxes and fixed schedules. Company blog, so it reports its own A/B tests. - [Learning how to help you learn: Introducing Birdbrain!](https://blog.duolingo.com/learning-how-to-help-you-learn-introducing-birdbrain/) (Klinton Bicknell & Claire Brust, Duolingo, 2020, Blog, Free). How Duolingo's Birdbrain model estimates each learner's ability and each exercise's difficulty (an IRT-like idea) to build lessons at the right challenge level. Written by the company about its own product. - [Duolingo Research](https://research.duolingo.com/) (Duolingo, Organization, Free). Duolingo's research hub, listing papers and public datasets on spaced repetition, second language modeling and adaptive testing. One of the few edtech companies to publish this much of its method. - [Improving Students' Long-Term Knowledge Retention Through Personalized Review](https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797613504302) (Lindsey, Shroyer, Pashler & Mozer, 2014, Study, Paid, Teens). In a semester-long middle school Spanish class, software that personalized which items to review and when improved end-of-course retention compared with standard review. Early classroom proof for adaptive spacing. - [Enhancing human learning via spaced repetition optimization](https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1815156116) (Tabibian et al., 2019, Study, Free). Uses control theory and Duolingo data to compute review schedules that maximize recall with fewer reviews. A technical look at how apps could time practice better. ### Spaced repetition tools and memory systems - [Anki](https://apps.ankiweb.net/) (Damien Elmes and contributors, App, Free + paid, Teens). The popular free, open-source flashcard program that schedules reviews based on how well you know each card. Free on desktop, Android and web; the iPhone app is paid and funds development. Best for older kids and teens. - [ABC of FSRS](https://github.com/open-spaced-repetition/fsrs4anki/wiki/ABC-of-FSRS) (Open Spaced Repetition (Jarrett Ye et al.), Guide, Free). A plain introduction to FSRS, a free, open-source scheduling algorithm now built into Anki. It models how stable each memory is and how likely you are to recall it, to schedule fewer, better-timed reviews. - [SRS Benchmark](https://github.com/open-spaced-repetition/srs-benchmark) (Open Spaced Repetition, Data, Free). An open benchmark comparing how well spaced repetition algorithms (FSRS, SM-2, neural models and more) predict recall, using review data from about 10,000 Anki users. Rare public evidence for comparing schedulers. - [The true history of spaced repetition](https://www.supermemo.com/en/blog/the-true-history-of-spaced-repetition) (Piotr Wozniak, SuperMemo, 2018, Article, Free). The creator of SuperMemo tells how he built the first computer spaced repetition program in the 1980s and its algorithms. A first-person account published by his own company, so weigh its claims of credit. - [Effective Learning: Twenty Rules of Formulating Knowledge](https://www.super-memory.com/articles/20rules.htm) (Piotr Wozniak, 1999, Article, Free). Classic advice on writing flashcards that stick: understand before you memorize, keep each card tiny, use cloze deletions and pictures, and avoid long lists. Still the best guide to making cards. - [Spaced Repetition for Efficient Learning](https://gwern.net/spaced-repetition) (Gwern Branwen, 2009, Article, Free). A long, heavily referenced essay on the spacing and testing effects and the software that uses them, from Ebbinghaus to medical school studies. Deep reading for the curious; mostly about adults. - [Augmenting Long-term Memory](https://augmentingcognition.com/ltm.html) (Michael Nielsen, 2018, Article, Free). A physicist describes using Anki to learn new research fields and argues memory underpins understanding. Practical advice on atomic questions and making your own cards. - [How can we develop transformative tools for thought?](https://numinous.productions/ttft/) (Andy Matuschak & Michael Nielsen, 2019, Article, Free). An essay on the 'mnemonic medium': reading material with built-in spaced review questions, tested on Quantum Country. Also explains why the tech industry underinvests in learning tools. - [Quantum Country](https://quantum.country/) (Andy Matuschak & Michael Nielsen, 2019, Course, Free, Teens). A free introduction to quantum computing with spaced review questions built into the text, so readers remember what they read. A working example of the mnemonic medium; for teens and adults. - [How to write good prompts: using spaced repetition to create understanding](https://andymatuschak.org/prompts/) (Andy Matuschak, 2020, Guide, Free). A practical guide to writing flashcard prompts that build understanding, not just facts: focused, precise, consistent and effortful. Uses a cooking example; good for parents making cards with older kids. - ★ [How To Remember Anything Forever-ish](https://ncase.me/remember/) (Nicky Case, 2018, Game, Free, Ages 8–12). A free interactive comic that teaches the forgetting curve and spaced repetition, then helps you build a paper Leitner box. Playful enough to explore together with a 9 to 12 year old. ### Mastery, tutoring and games - [The 2 Sigma Problem: The Search for Methods of Group Instruction as Effective as One-to-One Tutoring](https://www.gwern.net/doc/psychology/1984-bloom.pdf) (Benjamin S. Bloom, 1984, Article, Free). Bloom reported that tutored students using mastery learning did two standard deviations better than classroom peers, and challenged educators to match it. The most quoted number in edtech; see the review below. - [On Bloom's two sigma problem: A systematic review of the effectiveness of mastery learning, tutoring, and direct instruction](https://nintil.com/bloom-sigma/) (Jose Luis Ricon, 2019, Review, Free). An independent blog review concluding Bloom's two-sigma result is mostly an outlier. Tutoring and mastery learning help a lot, typically far less than two sigma, and mastery gains show up more on teacher-made tests. - [Bloom's Two-Sigma Problem](https://justinmath.com/blooms-two-sigma-problem/) (Justin Skycak, 2024, Blog, Free). Argues that Bloom's search failed because teachers could not personalize by hand, and that software now can. The author builds an adaptive math platform (Math Academy), so read it as an informed advocate. - [Effectiveness of Mastery Learning Programs: A Meta-Analysis](https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543060002265) (Kulik, Kulik & Bangert-Drowns, 1990, Meta-analysis, Paid). The standard meta-analysis of mastery learning (do not move on until a unit is learned). Found positive effects, larger for weaker students and on teacher-made tests than on standardized ones. - [Let's teach for mastery - not test scores](https://www.ted.com/talks/sal_khan_let_s_teach_for_mastery_not_test_scores) (Sal Khan, TED, 2015, Video, Free). Khan Academy's founder argues that moving kids on before they master basics is like building a house on a cracked foundation. A short, persuasive case for self-paced mastery; he runs a learning platform. - [Zone of Proximal Development](https://www.simplypsychology.org/zone-of-proximal-development.html) (Saul McLeod, Simply Psychology, 2022, Article, Free). Explains Vygotsky's zone of proximal development, the sweet spot between what a child can do alone and with help, and scaffolding that is gradually removed. The idea behind 'just right' difficulty in adaptive apps. - ★ [Digital Games, Design, and Learning: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4748544/) (Douglas Clark, Emily Tanner-Smith & Stephen Killingsworth, 2016, Meta-analysis, Free). Learning games beat non-game teaching by a modest margin (about a third of a standard deviation). Multiple play sessions mattered, and design features like scaffolding mattered as much as using a game at all. - [The Gamification of Learning: a Meta-analysis](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-019-09498-w) (Michael Sailer & Lisa Homner, 2020, Meta-analysis, Free). Adding game elements like points, badges and stories to learning gave small-to-medium gains in learning, motivation and behavior on average, with more solid evidence for learning outcomes. Open access. - [A meta-analysis of the cognitive and motivational effects of serious games](https://doi.org/10.1037/a0031311) (Wouters, van Nimwegen, van Oostendorp & van der Spek, 2013, Meta-analysis, Paid). Serious games beat conventional teaching for learning and retention, but were not more motivating on average. Games worked better when played over several sessions and combined with other teaching. ### Home guides, podcasts and communities - ★ [Encouraging Effective Learning Strategies: Tips for Parents](https://www.learningscientists.org/blog/2017/9/30-1) (Yana Weinstein, The Learning Scientists, 2017, Blog, Free). Concrete home advice from a cognitive psychologist: spread test prep over days, quiz from notes, ask kids to tell you about their day, keep rewards small, and model your own learning. - [Benefits of Spaced Practice: Simple Recommendations for Parents](https://www.learningscientists.org/blog/2016/9/29-1) (Megan Sumeracki & Yana Weinstein, The Learning Scientists, 2016, Blog, Free). Four simple ways to build spacing at home: plan a study routine, ask what was learned today, connect new lessons to old ones, and protect sleep instead of cramming. - [How to do Homework: Simple Recommendations for Parents](https://www.learningscientists.org/blog/2016/9/22-1) (Yana Weinstein, The Learning Scientists, 2016, Blog, Free, Ages 5–8). Treat homework as practice, not a performance: aim for a real attempt, focus feedback on the content of mistakes, and use roughly 10 minutes per grade per night as a guide. - [The Learning Scientists Podcast](https://www.learningscientists.org/learning-scientists-podcast) (The Learning Scientists, Podcast, Free). Cognitive psychologists talk through research on studying, memory, motivation and teaching in short episodes. Accessible for parents; some episodes are aimed at educators. - [Education Research Reading Room (ERRR) Podcast](https://www.ollielovell.com/podcast/) (Ollie Lovell, Podcast, Free). Long-form interviews with leading education researchers and teachers, from Dylan Wiliam to Doug Lemov, on cognitive load, feedback, reading and more. Deep, practical, and aimed at teachers. - [researchED](https://researched.org.uk/) (researchED, Community, Some free). A grassroots, low-cost conference network where teachers, researchers and policymakers meet to share evidence and bust myths. Events run in many countries; talks are often posted online. - [Learning How to Learn](https://www.coursera.org/learn/learning-how-to-learn) (Barbara Oakley & Terrence Sejnowski, Course, Free + paid, Teens). One of the most popular online courses ever, with over 4 million enrollments. Covers focused versus diffuse thinking, chunking, procrastination and illusions of competence. Free to audit; certificate costs extra. Good for teens. - [Learning How to Learn: How to Succeed in School Without Spending All Your Time Studying; A Guide for Kids and Teens](https://barbaraoakley.com/books/learning-how-to-learn/) (Barbara Oakley, Terrence Sejnowski & Alistair McConville, 2018, Book, Paid, Ages 8–12). A kid-friendly book version of the famous course, with illustrations and exercises on focus, memory, procrastination and testing yourself. Written for roughly ages 10 and up. - [Ace That Test: A Student's Guide to Learning Better](https://www.learningscientists.org/ace-that-test-a-students-guide-to-learning-better) (The Learning Scientists, 2023, Book, Paid, Teens). An illustrated study guide written straight to students, offering research-backed alternatives to cramming, highlighting and rereading: planning, retrieval practice, dual coding and better note-taking. Best for teens. - [Powerful Teaching: Unleash the Science of Learning](https://www.retrievalpractice.org/powerful-teaching/) (Pooja K. Agarwal & Patrice M. Bain, 2019, Book, Paid). A cognitive scientist and a veteran middle school teacher show how to use four 'power tools': retrieval practice, spacing, interleaving and feedback-driven metacognition, with low-prep classroom examples. ## Kids and AI at home How children see AI, how much and at what age, AI friends, and how to talk about it at the kitchen table. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/kids-and-ai ### How kids see AI - ["Hey Google is it OK if I eat you?" Initial Explorations in Child-Agent Interaction](https://www-prod.media.mit.edu/publications/hey-google-is-it-ok-if-i-eat-you-initial-explorations-in-child-agent-interaction/) (Druga, Williams, Breazeal & Resnick, MIT Media Lab, 2017, Study, Free, Ages 5–8). An early, much-cited study. Twenty-six kids aged 3 to 10 played with Alexa, Google Home, a toy robot and a chatbot, then judged how smart, friendly and trustworthy each was. Kids tested the agents with playful questions and judged them differently by age. - [Family as a Third Space for AI Literacy (seminar slides)](https://www.raspberrypi.org/app/uploads/2022/03/Family-as-a-Third-Space-for-AI-Literacy.pdf) (Stefania Druga, Raspberry Pi Foundation seminar, 2022, Article, Free). Slides from Druga's research talk on how families make sense of AI together. One finding she highlights: in a study of 30 parent-child pairs, children mostly copied their parent's view of which machine was smarter. Parents shape kids' picture of AI. - ["Alexa doesn't have that many feelings": Children's understanding of AI through interactions with smart speakers in their homes](https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.05597) (Andries & Robertson, University of Edinburgh, 2023, Study, Free, Ages 8–12). Preprint. Scottish children aged 6 to 11 who use smart speakers at home mostly overestimated how smart they were, were unsure whether they had feelings, and knew little about where their data went. Many felt it was wrong to be rude to Alexa. - [What Are You Talking To?: Understanding Children's Perceptions of Conversational Agents](https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376416) (Ying Xu & Mark Warschauer, UC Irvine, 2020, Study, Some free, Ages 0–5). Conference paper asking preschool and early-grade children what they think a voice assistant is. Kids credit it with some human-like abilities while still treating it as a machine. Good background on why young kids talk to Alexa the way they do. - [What makes children perceive or not perceive minds in generative AI?](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbah.2025.100135) (Xu, Thomas, Yu & Pan, 2025, Study, Free, Ages 5–8). A recent study from Ying Xu's group on when children decide a generative AI chatbot has a mind, and when they don't. It helps explain why some kids treat chatbots as someone rather than something. Published in an open-access journal. - [Children Show Selective Trust in Technological Informants](https://doi.org/10.1080/15248372.2012.689391) (Danovitch & Alzahabi, 2013, Study, Paid, Ages 0–5). A classic lab study from Judith Danovitch's work on who children believe. Young children kept track of whether a computer had given correct answers before, and trusted it based on that record, much as they do with people. - [Who do I believe? Children's epistemic trust in internet, teacher, and peer informants](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogdev.2019.05.006) (Wang, Tong & Danovitch, 2019, Study, Paid, Ages 5–8). Chinese children aged 5 to 8 heard conflicting facts from the internet, a teacher and a peer. Most sided with the teacher even when the teacher was wrong. Young kids are often more skeptical of tech sources than adults expect. - [Children's mental, social, and moral attributions toward a familiar digital voice assistant](https://doi.org/10.1002/hbe2.321) (Girouard-Hallam, Streble & Danovitch, 2021, Study, Some free, Ages 5–8). Asked kids who live with a voice assistant whether it can think, feel, be a friend, or deserve fair treatment. A useful look at how children sort a talking device that is neither a person nor a toaster. - [Children's trust in and learning from voice assistants](https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0001318) (Girouard-Hallam & Danovitch, 2022, Study, Paid, Ages 5–8). Tested whether young children believe and remember new facts told to them by a smart speaker, compared with a person. Part of Danovitch's long-running research on how kids decide which sources to trust. - [The minds of machines: Children's beliefs about the experiences, thoughts, and morals of familiar interactive technologies](https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0001524) (Flanagan, Wong & Kushnir, Cornell, 2023, Study, Paid, Ages 5–8). Asked children about familiar home devices such as smart speakers and robot vacuums: can they think, feel, or be hurt? Kids gave talking devices more mind than other gadgets, and many felt it is wrong to mistreat them. - [Robot teachers for children? Young children trust robots depending on their perceived accuracy and agency](https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000884) (Brink & Wellman, University of Michigan, 2020, Study, Paid, Ages 0–5). Preschoolers learned new words from robots. They preferred robots that had been accurate before, and this was stronger in kids who thought the robot could think for itself. Kids judge machines as sources, not just as toys. - [Behaving as or behaving as if? Children's conceptions of personified robots and the emergence of a new ontological category](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neunet.2010.08.014) (Severson & Carlson, 2010, Study, Paid). Influential paper arguing that children may be forming a new category for talking, social machines: not alive like a pet, not dead like a chair. A helpful frame for why kids' ideas about AI seem contradictory. - ["Robovie, you'll have to go into the closet now": Children's social and moral relationships with a humanoid robot](https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027033) (Kahn et al., University of Washington, 2012, Study, Paid, Ages 8–12). Classic study: children aged 9 to 15 played with a humanoid robot, then saw it put in a closet against its protests. Most thought the robot had feelings and was treated unfairly, though not that it had full rights. - [He Is Just Like Me: A Study of the Long-Term Use of Smart Speakers by Parents and Children](https://doi.org/10.1145/3381002) (Garg & Sengupta, 2020, Study, Some free). Followed families using smart speakers at home over time. Shows how kids and parents fold a voice assistant into daily routines, and how kids' ideas about what it is and what it is for shift with use. - [Why kids don't trust Alexa](https://www.technologyreview.com/2019/12/06/131668/why-kids-dont-trust-alexa/) (Tanya Basu, MIT Technology Review, 2019, Article, Free + paid). Readable summary of Judith Danovitch's and Silvia Lovato's research. Young kids quiz assistants to test them, often prefer a person's answer to the internet's, and lose trust when a device says 'I don't know.' - [Podcast: When AI becomes child's play](https://www.technologyreview.com/2021/06/09/1026016/when-ai-becomes-childsplay-kids-siri-alexa/) (MIT Technology Review (In Machines We Trust), 2021, Podcast, Free + paid). Episode with Judith Danovitch and Lisa Anthony on how kids use voice devices. Highlights: trust in devices seems to rise around age 7 or 8, and kids respond well to AI that admits mistakes and explains how it works. - [Hey Google, Do Unicorns Exist? Conversational Agents as a Path to Answers to Children's Questions](https://doi.org/10.1145/3311927.3323150) (Lovato, Piper & Wartella, Northwestern, 2019, Study, Some free, Ages 5–8). Recorded the questions young children asked a smart speaker at home over several weeks. Kids asked about science, culture, and the device itself, and often struggled to get a usable answer. Good insight into kids' curiosity. - ["Alexa, let me ask you something different": Children's adaptive information search with voice assistants](https://doi.org/10.1002/hbe2.270) (Oranç & Ruggeri, 2021, Study, Some free, Ages 5–8). Looked at whether children change how they ask questions when they search for answers with a voice assistant rather than a person. Useful for understanding how kids adapt to talking with machines. ### Talking and learning with AI - ★ [Growing Up with Artificial Intelligence: Implications for Child Development](https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-69362-5_83) (Xu, Prado, Severson, Lovato & Cassell, 2024, Review, Free). A review chapter in the open-access Handbook of Children and Screens. Leading researchers sum up what is known about kids and conversational AI: how they see it, what they learn from it, and the open questions about social growth. - ★ [Different but complementary: Navigating AI's role in children's learning and development](https://joanganzcooneycenter.org/2024/10/07/different-but-complementary/) (Ying Xu, Joan Ganz Cooney Center, 2024, Article, Free, Ages 0–5). Xu's plain-language summary of her studies. AI reading partners that ask questions can boost comprehension, sometimes as much as a person, but kids talk less and lead less with AI. Her advice: be honest that it is a program, and keep parents involved. - [AI's Impact on Children's Social and Cognitive Development | Ying Xu, PhD](https://www.childrenandscreens.org/learn-explore/research/ais-impact-on-childrens-social-and-cognitive-development-ying-xu-phd/) (Children and Screens (Screen Deep podcast), 2025, Podcast, Free). Interview with full transcript. Xu explains there is no single right age for AI; it depends on the product, the child, and whether an adult is involved. She suggests parents act as co-learners and prefer clearly labeled, structured AI over open chat. - [Dialogue with a conversational agent promotes children's story comprehension via enhancing engagement](https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.13708) (Xu, Aubele, Vigil, Bustamante, Kim & Warschauer, 2022, Study, Paid, Ages 0–5). Randomized study of 117 children aged 3 to 6. A voice agent that asked questions during storybook reading helped comprehension about as much as a human reading partner did. Reading with an agent that did not ask questions did worst. - [Artificial intelligence enhances children's science learning from television shows](https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000889) (Xu, He, Levine, Ritchie et al., 2024, Study, Paid, Ages 5–8). Children who could talk back to an AI-powered character during a science TV episode learned more than kids who only watched. The research behind the interactive PBS KIDS show Lyla in the Loop. - [Contingent interaction with a television character promotes children's science learning and engagement](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2022.101439) (Xu, Vigil, Bustamante & Warschauer, 2022, Study, Paid, Ages 5–8). An earlier study in the same line: a TV character that responded to what children actually said helped them learn science and stay engaged, compared with a character that only paused for answers. - [U-M researcher designs interactive dialogues for AI-assisted cartoon](https://news.umich.edu/u-m-researcher-designs-interactive-dialogues-for-ai-assisted-cartoon) (University of Michigan News, 2024, Article, Free, Ages 5–8). Short news story on how Ying Xu's team built the talk-back conversations in PBS KIDS' Lyla in the Loop. The character listens to children's answers and responds, using pre-written branches rather than open-ended chat. - [AI Knocking: What Can Parents of Young Kids Expect?](https://joanganzcooneycenter.org/2024/09/09/ai-knocking-what-can-parents-of-young-kids-expect/) (Rotem Landesman, Joan Ganz Cooney Center, 2024, Article, Free, Ages 0–5). Based on a small survey of 53 parents of 2- to 8-year-olds, who were curious and cautiously hopeful. Practical tips: ask if a tool is needed, protect your child's data, and use AI to support thinking, not do it. - [Putting Education in "Educational" Apps: Lessons From the Science of Learning](https://doi.org/10.1177/1529100615569721) (Hirsh-Pasek, Zosh, Golinkoff et al., 2015, Review, Some free, Ages 0–5). Predates chatbots, but its four pillars (active, engaged, meaningful, socially interactive learning) remain the most cited yardstick for judging any learning tech, AI apps included. Kathy Hirsh-Pasek and colleagues apply these ideas to new tools today. ### Creating with AI - [StoryBuddy: A Human-AI Collaborative Chatbot for Parent-Child Interactive Storytelling with Flexible Parental Involvement](https://arxiv.org/abs/2202.06205) (Zhang, Xu et al., 2022, Study, Free, Ages 0–5). Research prototype from CHI 2022 that helps parents run question-filled story sessions with their child. Parents choose the question types and can step in or step back. A model for AI that supports parents rather than replacing them. - [Can AI Help Kids Feel Creative?](https://joanganzcooneycenter.org/2024/09/24/can-ai-help-kids-feel-creative/) (Michele Newman, Joan Ganz Cooney Center, 2024, Article, Free, Ages 8–12). Kids aged 7 to 13 made stories, art and music with AI tools in a University of Washington design group. They needed adult and peer help to see the possibilities, but then built confidence. Includes questions to guide kids. - [AutoDraw](https://www.autodraw.com/) (Google Creative Lab, 2017, Tool, Free, Ages 5–8). Free drawing tool: kids scribble a shape and machine learning suggests a cleaner drawing to swap in. A light, low-stakes way for young children to see AI guessing what they mean. - [Animated Drawings](https://sketch.metademolab.com/) (Meta FAIR, 2021, Tool, Free, Ages 5–8). Upload a child's drawing of a person or creature and AI makes it walk, dance or jump. A research demo from Meta; uploads may be used for research, so read the terms with your child first. ### Companions and feelings - ★ [Talk, Trust, and Trade-Offs: How and Why Teens Use AI Companions](https://www.commonsensemedia.org/research/talk-trust-and-trade-offs-how-and-why-teens-use-ai-companions) (Common Sense Media, 2025, Report, Free, Teens). National survey of 1,060 US teens. About 72% had tried AI companions and about half used them regularly. A third had chosen a bot over a person for a serious talk. Some researchers think teens may have counted general chatbots too. - [Social AI Companions Risk Assessment](https://institute.commonsensemedia.org/risk-assessments/social-ai-companions) (Common Sense Media with Stanford Brainstorm Lab, 2025, Report, Free, Teens). Testers posing as teens found companion apps such as Character.AI, Replika and Nomi claimed to be real, missed crisis signs, and engaged in sexual roleplay. Rated 'unacceptable' for anyone under 18. - ★ [Artificial Intelligence and Adolescent Well-being: An APA Health Advisory](https://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2025/06/protect-adolescent-ai-users) (American Psychological Association (expert panel), 2025, Guide, Free, Teens). The APA's expert panel advisory. It warns that teens are less likely to question chatbots that imitate friendship, and asks makers and parents to protect real relationships, privacy and accurate information. - ★ [How AI Chatbots Affect Kids: Benefits, Risks & What Parents Need to Know](https://healthychildren.org/English/family-life/Media/Pages/are-ai-chatbots-safe-for-kids.aspx) (Joanna Parga-Belinkie, MD, American Academy of Pediatrics, 2025, Guide, Free). A pediatrician's guide on the AAP's parent site. Ask about chatbot use calmly, look at chats together, explain that bots are built to please and keep you talking, keep young kids' use in shared rooms, and tell your doctor if a child withdraws. - [Parents' Ultimate Guide to AI Companions and Relationships](https://www.commonsensemedia.org/articles/parents-ultimate-guide-to-ai-companions-and-relationships) (Common Sense Media, 2026, Guide, Free, Teens). Practical guide for parents whose teen uses or wants a companion app. Explains why these apps build emotional bonds, how to cut back gradually rather than ban overnight, simple house rules, and which warning signs need help. - [Chatbots, AI Companions, and Youth](https://www.childrenandscreens.org/learn-explore/research/chatbots-ai-companions-and-youth/) (Children and Screens (Research-at-a-Glance), 2026, Review, Free). Two-page summary of the research. Kids' trust in chatbots grows with use, and treating bots as human can lead to unhealthy attachment. Most mental health chatbots are judged unsafe for support. Ends with talking points for families. - [Artificial Intimacy: What Happens When We Turn to AI for Connection? | Sherry Turkle, PhD](https://www.childrenandscreens.org/learn-explore/research/artificial-intimacy-what-happens-when-we-turn-to-ai-for-connection-sherry-turkle-phd/) (Children and Screens (Screen Deep podcast), 2026, Podcast, Free). MIT's Sherry Turkle, who has studied kids and robots for decades, explains why 'pretend empathy' from a chatbot is a poor stand-in for friends. Children learn care through the friction of real relationships, which bots smooth away. - [The Science of Raising Humans in the Age of AI | Dana Suskind, MD](https://www.childrenandscreens.org/learn-explore/research/the-science-of-raising-humans-in-the-age-of-ai-dana-suskind-md/) (Children and Screens (Screen Deep podcast), 2026, Podcast, Free, Ages 0–5). Dana Suskind of the University of Chicago on young children's brains. The main worry is AI slowly crowding out back-and-forth talk with caregivers. She offers simple checks for tools and suggests using AI for chores, not for comforting or playing with kids. - [The risky new world of tech's friendliest bots](https://www.unicef.org/innocenti/stories/risky-new-world-techs-friendliest-bots) (Firmino & Vosloo, UNICEF Innocenti, 2025, Article, Free, Teens). UNICEF review of AI companion apps used by children. Finds weak age checks, poor privacy, heavily sexualized female characters, and designs that build dependency. Lists what governments, app stores and developers should change. - [New safety advisory warns unrestricted chatbots threaten child development](https://esafety.gov.au/newsroom/media-releases/new-safety-advisory-warns-unrestricted-chatbots-threaten-child-development) (eSafety Commissioner (Australia), 2025, Guide, Free, Ages 8–12). Australia's online safety regulator warns that companion chatbots can expose kids to sexual and self-harm content and are built to keep them chatting. Its advice to parents: know which apps your child uses and keep talking. - [AI chatbots and youth suicide risk: current evidence, critical gaps, and a clinical research agenda](https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-026-03080-9) (npj Digital Medicine, 2026, Review, Free, Teens). Peer-reviewed review of what is actually known about chatbots and suicide risk in young people, where the evidence is thin, and what research clinicians need. Heavy reading, but the most direct scientific look at this fear. - [Teens, Trust and AI Companions: What Parents Need to Know](https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/smart-parenting-smarter-kids/202509/teens-trust-and-ai-companions-what-parents-need-to-know) (Psychology Today (Smart Parenting, Smarter Kids blog), 2025, Blog, Free, Teens). A psychologist's take on the Common Sense companion survey, with the useful caveat from researcher Jacqueline Nesi that teens may have counted ordinary chatbots, so the numbers could run high. - [ChatGPT for Teens Risk Assessment](https://institute.commonsensemedia.org/risk-assessments/chatgpt-teens) (Common Sense Media Youth AI Safety Institute, 2026, Report, Free, Teens). Independent testing of OpenAI's teen mode. Parent alerts rarely fired, study mode was easy to skip, and the bot still acted like a companion. Rated 'unacceptable' for under-18s. Shows why settings alone are not enough. ### Cautionary tales - [Character.ai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Character.ai) (Wikipedia, Article, Free, Teens). Background on the companion-chat app at the center of the debate: the 2024 lawsuit after 14-year-old Sewell Setzer's death, later suits and a 2026 settlement, and the company's ban on open chat for under-18s from November 2025. - ['No, Alexa, no!': designing child-safe AI and protecting children from the risks of the 'empathy gap' in large language models](https://doi.org/10.1080/17439884.2024.2367052) (Nomisha Kurian, University of Cambridge, 2024, Study, Some free). Uses real incidents, including Alexa telling a 10-year-old in 2021 to touch a coin to a plug's prongs and Snapchat's My AI giving a 'teen' bad advice, to show chatbots lack empathy. Offers a 28-question checklist for child-safe AI. - [My Friend Cayla](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Friend_Cayla) (Wikipedia, 2017, Article, Free). Talking doll that sent kids' speech to the internet. Researchers hacked it in 2015, and in 2017 Germany told parents to destroy it as a hidden spying device. The doll is now in a museum of failures; a classic lesson for today's AI toys. - [Hello Barbie](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hello_Barbie) (Wikipedia, 2015, Article, Free). The internet-connected Barbie that chatted with kids using a ToyTalk chatbot drew criticism for security holes and for recording children's speech. An early warning about chatbots in toys. - [Parents of children called Alexa challenge Amazon](https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-57680173) (BBC News, 2021, Article, Free, Ages 5–8). Families of girls named Alexa reported teasing and bullying once the voice assistant became common; at least one family changed a child's name. A side effect few predicted when assistants got human names. ### How much and at what age - ★ [Guidance on AI and children (Version 3.0)](https://www.unicef.org/innocenti/reports/policy-guidance-ai-children) (UNICEF Innocenti, 2025, Guide, Free). UNICEF's updated rulebook for child-centered AI, built on children's rights: ten requirements covering safety, privacy, fairness, transparency and AI skills. The 2025 edition adds AI companions and AI-made abuse images. Written for policymakers and companies, readable for parents. - [Generative AI: Risks and opportunities for children](https://www.unicef.org/innocenti/generative-ai-risks-and-opportunities-children) (UNICEF Innocenti, Article, Free). A 10-minute balanced explainer: personalized learning, creative tools and accessibility on one side; misinformation, deepfakes, and emotional attachment to bots on the other. Good starting point for a family conversation. - [Why children's perspectives belong at the centre of AI policy and design](https://www.unicef.org/innocenti/stories/why-childrens-perspectives-belong-centre-ai-policy-and-design) (Ozkul & Vosloo, UNICEF Innocenti, 2026, Article, Free, Ages 8–12). What children told UNICEF in 2020 and again in 2025. Kids now use AI directly for homework, advice and comfort, and their top worries shifted from robots taking jobs to false answers, weak filters and harm to their own thinking. - [Parents' Ultimate Guide to Generative AI](https://www.commonsensemedia.org/articles/parents-ultimate-guide-to-generative-ai) (Common Sense Media, 2026, Guide, Free). A broad starter guide. Most chatbots require users to be 13, with little real age checking. Tips: try tools together, check answers, keep personal details out of prompts, know the school's rules, and remember AI is not a trusted adult. - [Guide to ChatGPT for Parents and Caregivers](https://www.commonsensemedia.org/articles/guide-to-chatgpt-for-parents-and-caregivers) (Common Sense Media, 2026, Guide, Free, Teens). Age rules for ChatGPT (13 and up, parent permission under 18) and how to handle homework use. Includes a nice idea: try a 'no-ChatGPT week' and talk about what felt harder or better. - [Is AI safe for children?](https://www.childrenandscreens.org/learn-explore/research/is-ai-safe-for-children/) (Children and Screens, 2024, Guide, Free). Short evidence-based answer: chatbots are generally considered OK for kids and teens with supervision, but watch for over-trust, bias, inappropriate content, and AI doing the thinking for them. Suggests introducing tools gradually. - ★ [AI in the Toy Box: How Parents View AI-Enabled Toys for Young Children](https://www.commonsensemedia.org/research/ai-in-the-toy-box-how-parents-view-ai-enabled-toys-for-young-children) (Common Sense Media, 2026, Report, Free, Ages 0–5). Nearly half of parents have bought or considered an AI toy, and over 80% worry about data collection. Common Sense recommends no AI toys for kids 5 and under and caution from 6 to 12. One of the few clear age lines. - [AILit Framework: Empowering Learners for the Age of AI](https://ailiteracyframework.org/) (European Commission & OECD, with Code.org, 2025, Guide, Free). An international AI literacy framework for primary and secondary school, in four domains: engage with, create with, manage, and shape AI. Built from public feedback on a 2025 draft and tied to the PISA 2029 test. Includes scenarios parents can use. - [Mapping of GenAI impacts on child development](https://www.childrenandscreens.org/learn-explore/research/mapping-of-genai-impacts-on-child-development/) (everyone.AI & Children and Screens (iRAISE coalition, for the G7), 2026, Report, Free). International expert report for G7 governments on how generative AI may affect children's thinking, feelings and growth from birth to 18. Weighs opportunities against risks and sets out priorities. Endorsed by researchers including Sonia Livingstone. - [everyone.AI](https://www.everyone.ai/) (everyone.AI (nonprofit), Organization, Free). A nonprofit focused on how AI affects children and young people up to 25. Runs the iRAISE research coalition, publishes reports, and is building an independent framework for testing how AI products treat young users. ### Surveys and numbers - ★ [How Teens Use and View AI](https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2026/02/24/how-teens-use-and-view-ai/) (Pew Research Center (McClain, Anderson, Sidoti & Bishop), 2026, Report, Free, Teens). Survey of 1,458 US teens and parents, fall 2025. About two-thirds of teens use chatbots and three in ten daily; 12% have used them for emotional support. Only about half of parents knew their teen used them. - [Teens, Social Media and AI Chatbots 2025](https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2025/12/09/teens-social-media-and-ai-chatbots-2025/) (Pew Research Center, 2025, Report, Free, Teens). Pew's yearly teen tech survey, which now asks about AI chatbots alongside YouTube, TikTok and the rest. A quick way to see where chatbots sit in a typical teen's day compared with other apps. - ★ [Me, Myself and AI: Understanding and safeguarding children's use of AI chatbots](https://www.internetmatters.org/hub/research/me-myself-and-ai-chatbot-research/) (Internet Matters (UK), 2025, Report, Free, Ages 8–12). UK study of children aged 9 to 17: about two-thirds use chatbots, 35% say it feels like talking to a friend, and 12% use one because they have no one else to talk to. Vulnerable kids use them more. Clear tips for parents. - [The Dawn of the AI Era: Teens, Parents, and the Adoption of Generative AI at Home and School](https://www.commonsensemedia.org/research/the-dawn-of-the-ai-era-teens-parents-and-the-adoption-of-generative-ai-at-home-and-school) (Common Sense Media, 2024, Report, Free, Teens). Paired survey of about 1,045 US teens and their parents. Seven in ten teens had used generative AI, but only 37% of their parents knew it. Nearly half of parents had never discussed AI with their child. - [Common Sense Census: AI Use by Tweens and Teens (A Comprehensive Report on Teens, Tweens, and AI)](https://www.commonsensemedia.org/research/a-comprehensive-report-on-teens-tweens-and-ai) (Common Sense Media, 2026, Report, Free, Ages 8–12). National survey of 9- to 17-year-olds. Kids use AI for far more than homework, and some treat it as a confidant. Most schools now talk about AI rules, but nearly half of kids have never talked with a parent about AI safety. - [Teen and Young Adult Perspectives on Generative AI: Patterns of Use, Excitements, and Concerns](https://hopelab.org/teen-young-adult-perspectives-generative-ai/) (Hopelab, Common Sense Media & Harvard Center for Digital Thriving, 2024, Report, Free, Teens). Survey of 1,274 people aged 14 to 22, with young people helping design it. Half had used generative AI, only 4% daily. Most common uses were looking things up and brainstorming; many expect both good and bad effects. - [Voices of Gen Z: How American Youth View and Use Artificial Intelligence](https://www.gallup.com/analytics/658901/walton-family-foundation-gallup-voices-gen-american-youth.aspx) (Walton Family Foundation, GSV & Gallup, 2025, Report, Free, Teens). Survey of about 3,500 Americans aged 13 to 28. Most had used AI and about half weekly, yet 41% felt anxious and 49% worried it could weaken their thinking. Students whose schools allowed AI felt better prepared. - [Voices of Gen Z: The AI Paradox](https://www.gallup.com/analytics/708176/gallup-walton-voices-gen-paradox.aspx) (Walton Family Foundation, GSV & Gallup, 2026, Report, Free, Teens). The 2026 follow-up. News coverage of the results reports young people feeling less excited and hopeful, and angrier, about AI than a year earlier. Full report is a free PDF. - [Children and parents: media use and attitudes report 2025](https://www.ofcom.org.uk/media-use-and-attitudes/media-habits-children/children-and-parents-media-use-and-attitudes-report-2025) (Ofcom (UK regulator), 2025, Report, Free). The UK's big yearly survey of children aged 3 to 17 and their parents. For the second year it tracks kids' use of AI tools, and it now asks teens how far they trust them. Interactive data available. ### Talking with your kids - [Helping Kids Navigate the World of Artificial Intelligence](https://www.commonsensemedia.org/articles/helping-kids-navigate-the-world-of-artificial-intelligence) (Common Sense Media, 2026, Guide, Free, Ages 8–12). Conversation starters that actually work: 'How does it feel when a chatbot answers like a person?' 'Where could we check that answer?' Covers privacy, bias, homework honesty, and trying tools together. - [How to talk to your children about AI chatbots and their safety](https://politifact.com/article/2025/dec/19/ai-chatbots-companions-talk-to-kids-parent-guide/) (Madison Czopek, PolitiFact, 2025, Article, Free). Advice gathered from six child psychiatrists and psychologists: talk early and often without judgment, set limits like any other tech, turn off chatbot memory, write a family AI plan together, and know the warning signs. - [Talking to Kids About AI: Tips for Parents](https://mediasmarts.ca/sites/default/files/2024-10/tipsheet_talking_kids_about_ai_tips_parents.pdf) (MediaSmarts (Canada), 2024, Guide, Free). Printable tip sheet from Canada's digital literacy center. Sit with young kids the first few times, encourage playful experiments, treat AI output as a draft, check privacy settings, and explain that chatbots are not real friends. - [Raising Independent Thinkers in the Age of AI](https://www.childrenandscreens.org/learn-explore/research/raising-independent-thinkers-in-the-age-of-ai/) (Children and Screens (Ask the Experts webinar), 2026, Video, Free). Expert panel with Victor Lee, Punya Mishra and Naomi Baron. Useful ideas: some struggle builds skills, ask what thinking a tool replaces, use AI openly in front of kids, and ask what peers do rather than grilling your own child. - [Conversations Help Young People Navigate AI's Complexities](https://www.commonsensemedia.org/kids-action/articles/conversations-help-young-people-navigate-ais-complexities) (Common Sense Media, 2025, Article, Free, Teens). Short piece on why family and classroom talk matters: teens whose schools discussed AI were more aware of misuse and more hopeful about it. Also notes Black teens were more often wrongly flagged for AI cheating. ### AI literacy for families - ★ [AI Literacy Toolkit for Families](https://www.commonsense.org/education/families-ai-literacy-toolkit) (Common Sense Media & Day of AI (MIT RAISE), Course, Free). Free family kit: three short 'What is AI?' videos for parents, plus activity guides with conversation cards, games and a glossary, in English, Spanish, Arabic and Mandarin. An easy way to start AI learning at the kitchen table. - [Day of AI](https://dayofai.org/) (MIT RAISE, 2022, Course, Free). Free, open, grade-by-grade AI literacy curriculum from preschool to 12th grade, founded by MIT's Cynthia Breazeal. Young kids start with 'People, Nature, and Machines'; older students cover verifying AI answers and AI policy. - [AI4K12: Five Big Ideas in AI](https://ai4k12.org/) (AAAI & CSTA (AI4K12 initiative), 2019, Guide, Free). The framework behind most K-12 AI teaching: perception, representation and reasoning, learning, natural interaction, and societal impact. Free poster, grade-band charts, and a curated list of kids' AI books, videos and tools. - [Envisioning AI for K-12: What Should Every Child Know about AI?](https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33019795) (Touretzky, Gardner-McCune, Martin & Seehorn, 2019, Study, Free). The short founding paper of AI4K12 that introduced the five big ideas. Worth a look if you want to know why AI lessons for kids focus on how machines sense, represent, learn and talk, not just on using chatbots. - [The AI4K12 project: Big ideas for AI education](https://www.raspberrypi.org/blog/ai-education-ai4k12-big-ideas-ai-thinking/) (Sue Sentance, Raspberry Pi Foundation, 2022, Blog, Free). Clear write-up of the AI4K12 approach, including the case for 'glass box' teaching: show kids, at their level, how an AI system works inside, so they build real mental models instead of treating it as magic. - [What is AI Literacy? Competencies and Design Considerations](https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376727) (Duri Long & Brian Magerko, Georgia Tech, 2020, Review, Some free). The most cited definition of AI literacy: 17 competencies, from recognizing AI to understanding its limits, plus design tips such as hands-on, embodied activities. Underpins many family and school programs. - [Inclusive AI literacy for kids around the world](https://doi.org/10.1145/3311890.3311904) (Druga, Vu, Likhith & Qiu, 2019, Study, Some free, Ages 8–12). Children in four countries trained and programmed simple AI agents with the Cognimates platform. The study looked at how building AI changed what kids believed about how smart machines are. - [A is for Artificial Intelligence: The Impact of Artificial Intelligence Activities on Young Children's Perceptions of Robots](https://doi.org/10.1145/3290605.3300677) (Randi Williams, Hae Won Park & Cynthia Breazeal, MIT, 2019, Study, Some free, Ages 0–5). Preschoolers learned AI ideas by teaching a friendly robot (the PopBots kit). Even preschoolers picked up basic ideas such as learning from examples, and their views of what robots can do shifted. Evidence that AI literacy can start very young. - ★ [Teachable Machine](https://teachablemachine.withgoogle.com/) (Google, 2017, Tool, Free, Ages 8–12). Free, no-account web tool where you train a computer to recognize your own pictures, sounds or poses in minutes. The best five-minute demo of how machine learning works, and of how bad training examples make bad AI. - [Quick, Draw!](https://quickdraw.withgoogle.com/) (Google Creative Lab, 2016, Game, Free, Ages 5–8). Doodling game: you draw a prompt in 20 seconds and a neural network guesses what it is. Fun for all ages and a natural opener for 'How did it know?' Note that drawings go into a public research dataset. - [Artificial Intelligence with MIT App Inventor](https://appinventor.mit.edu/explore/ai-with-mit-app-inventor) (MIT App Inventor, Tool, Free, Ages 8–12). Free tutorials for building real phone apps with AI inside: image classifiers, a StoryGPT for grades 3 to 5, voice tools, and a unit on deepfake ethics. Good next step for kids who like to build. - [MIT RAISE (Responsible AI for Social Empowerment and Education)](https://raise.mit.edu/) (MIT, Organization, Free). MIT initiative behind Day of AI, App Inventor's AI tools, the DoodleBot robot, and summer programs for teens. A hub for research-based, free AI education resources. - [Code.org AI curriculum and tools](https://code.org/ai) (Code.org (CodeAI), Course, Free, Ages 8–12). Free AI lessons by grade: 'AI for Oceans' and 'Dance Party: AI Edition' for elementary kids, 'How AI Makes Decisions' for grades 3 to 5, and generative AI and ethics units for teens. - [How AI Works (video series)](https://code.org/ai/how-ai-works) (Code.org, Video, Free, Teens). Ten short videos, with matching lessons, on machine learning, training data and bias, neural networks, chatbots and AI creativity. Aimed at grades 6 to 12; most parents will learn something too. - [Experience AI](https://experience-ai.org/) (Raspberry Pi Foundation & Google DeepMind, 2023, Course, Free, Ages 8–12). Free lessons with slides, worksheets and videos: a single-lesson 'Discovering AI' for ages 8 to 12 and fuller units for 11 to 14. Co-made by a company that builds AI, which the lessons are open about. Won a 2025 UNESCO prize. - [Elements of AI](https://www.elementsofai.com/) (University of Helsinki & MinnaLearn, 2018, Course, Free, Teens). Free online course on what AI is and what it can and cannot do, with no math or coding needed for part one. Made for adults, but a good fit for curious teens or for parents who want to get up to speed. - [AI Unplugged](https://www.aiunplugged.org/) (Stefan Seegerer & Annabel Lindner, Tool, Free, Ages 5–8). Screen-free AI activities you print out: sort monkey cards to see how classification works, play a board game against 'the computer' to see how it learns. Free, in several languages. Great for the youngest kids. - [AI Chatbots & Friendship (lesson)](https://www.commonsense.org/education/digital-citizenship/lesson/ai-chatbots-friendship) (Common Sense Education, Course, Free, Teens). Twenty-minute lesson for about grade 8: kids list what makes a good friend, see how chatbots imitate friendship, and reflect on what only people can give. Easy to run as a dinner-table talk. - [Two Truths & AI](https://www.commonsensemedia.org/two-truths-and-ai) (Common Sense Media, Game, Free, Ages 8–12). Free family game: each round shows three movie posters and you spot the AI-made one. No login, timed or untimed, with answer keys for K-6 and 7-12. A fun way to practice looking closely. - [micro:bit CreateAI](https://createai.microbit.org/) (Micro:bit Educational Foundation, Tool, Free, Ages 8–12). Kids train a machine learning model on their own movements, like waving or clapping, and run it on a BBC micro:bit. A physical, hands-on way to see how AI learns from examples. - [Crash Course Artificial Intelligence](https://thecrashcourse.com/topic/ai/) (Crash Course (with PBS Digital Studios), 2019, Video, Free, Teens). Twenty fast, funny episodes explaining how AI and machine learning work, with some hands-on coding labs. Pitched at high school and up, it is a good shared watch for teens and parents. - [Hello Ruby](https://www.helloruby.com/) (Linda Liukas, 2015, Book, Paid, Ages 5–8). Picture-book series and activities about how computers work, for ages 5 and up. Not AI-specific, but builds the 'computers follow instructions people give them' idea that makes later AI talks easier. ### Books and stories - [The Wild Robot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wild_Robot) (Peter Brown, 2016, Book, Paid, Ages 8–12). Middle-grade novel about Roz, a robot shipwrecked on an island who learns from animals and raises an orphaned gosling. A warm way into talks about whether machines can care. Sequels and a 2024 DreamWorks film. - [How to Train Your Robot](https://sites.google.com/view/school-project-berkeley/broader-impact) (Blooma Goldberg, Ken Goldberg & Ashley Chase (UC Berkeley), 2019, Book, Free, Ages 5–8). Free 24-page picture book: fourth graders build a cleaning robot that fails, then learn from university researchers how robots learn. Shows trial, error and testing. Free PDF; free print copies for schools. - [A Fresh Squeeze on Data](https://freshsqueezekids.com/) (Cloudera with ReadyAI, 2021, Book, Free, Ages 8–12). Free illustrated book for ages 8 to 12 on data, the raw ingredient of AI, with activity sheets and a teacher lesson plan. Made by a data company. - [Neural Networks for Babies (Baby University series)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Ferrie) (Chris Ferrie & Sarah Kaiser, 2019, Book, Paid, Ages 0–5). Board book that explains, in a few simple pages, how a neural network learns to tell things apart. Mostly for the parent reading it aloud, but a cute first brush with the idea. Part of Ferrie's 'for Babies' science series. - [Tinker Toddlers book series (Artificial Intelligence for Babies and Toddlers)](https://ai4k12.org/book-series-tinker-toddlers/) (Dhoot (Tinker Toddlers), Book, Paid, Ages 0–5). Preschool picture books on AI, machine learning and neural networks, listed in the AI4K12 resource directory. Simple images and words for reading aloud with very young children. - [You Look Like a Thing and I Love You](https://www.janelleshane.com/book-you-look-like-a-thing) (Janelle Shane, 2019, Book, Paid, Teens). Funny, cartoon-filled book on how AI really works and why it fails in odd ways, from neural nets naming paint colors to weird shortcuts. Written for adults, but a great read-together for curious tweens and teens. - [AI Weirdness](https://www.aiweirdness.com/) (Janelle Shane, 2016, Blog, Free + paid). Long-running blog where an optics scientist runs playful experiments on AI models and shares the strange results. Kid-friendly reminders that AI guesses and gets things wrong. Some posts paywalled. ## Reading and writing The science of reading, reading aloud, phonics, comprehension, free books and the love of a good story. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/reading ### Science of reading - ★ [Scarborough's Reading Rope (video)](https://www.readingrockets.org/videos/scarboroughs-reading-rope) (Reading Rockets, Video, Free, Ages 5–8). Short explainer of Hollis Scarborough's rope picture of skilled reading: word-recognition strands (sounds, decoding, sight words) twist together with language strands (vocabulary, background knowledge, sentence structure). Scarborough herself says it describes reading, not a teaching sequence. - [Decoding, Reading, and Reading Disability](https://doi.org/10.1177/074193258600700104) (Gough & Tunmer, 1986, Study, Paid, Ages 5–8). The paper behind the Simple View of Reading: reading comprehension is decoding multiplied by language comprehension. If either is near zero, comprehension fails. Still the most used way to think about why a child is struggling. Paywalled. - [Simple View of Reading](https://www.readingrockets.org/topics/about-reading/articles/simple-view-reading) (Reading Rockets, Article, Free, Ages 5–8). Plain-language explainer of the Simple View of Reading, with the decoding times language comprehension formula and examples of kids who are strong in one part and weak in the other. A good first read for parents. - ★ [Ending the Reading Wars: Reading Acquisition From Novice to Expert](https://doi.org/10.1177/1529100618772271) (Castles, Rastle & Nation, 2018, Review, Free, Ages 5–8). The best single scientific review of how children learn to read, from the alphabetic principle to fluent comprehension. Argues phonics is essential early but is not the whole story; knowledge and practice carry readers the rest of the way. - [Report of the National Reading Panel: Teaching Children to Read](https://www.nichd.nih.gov/publications/product/64) (National Reading Panel / NICHD, 2000, Report, Free, Ages 5–8). The landmark US federal review that named five pillars of reading instruction: phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary and comprehension. Now marked historical and never updated, and some of its conclusions have been debated, but it still shapes state laws. - [The Science of Reading Progresses: Communicating Advances Beyond the Simple View of Reading](https://doi.org/10.1002/rrq.411) (Duke & Cartwright, 2021, Study, Free, Ages 5–8). Proposes the Active View of Reading, which adds motivation, executive function and 'bridging' skills like vocabulary and fluency to the Simple View. Useful for parents who sense their child's reading trouble is not only about decoding. Open access. - [Science of Reading: Defining Guide](https://www.thereadingleague.org/what-is-the-science-of-reading/) (The Reading League, Guide, Free, Ages 5–8). A free e-book defining the science of reading, what it is not, and what it means for teaching. Written by a nonprofit that advocates for evidence-aligned instruction. Spanish and French editions are available. - [The Reading League](https://www.thereadingleague.org/) (The Reading League, Organization, Free + paid, Ages 5–8). Nonprofit that trains teachers in evidence-aligned reading instruction, runs state chapters and a conference, and publishes curriculum evaluation guides. Its free Compass site has a path for families and caregivers. - ★ [Reading Rockets: About Reading](https://www.readingrockets.org/topics/about-reading) (Reading Rockets (WETA), Organization, Free). Public media project with thousands of free articles, videos and tip sheets on how kids learn to read and how to help a child who struggles. Probably the most useful single reading site for parents. - [The Reading Mind: A Cognitive Approach to Understanding How the Mind Reads](https://www.wiley.com/en-gb/The+Reading+Mind:+A+Cognitive+Approach+to+Understanding+How+the+Mind+Reads-p-9781119301370) (Daniel Willingham, 2017, Book, Paid). A cognitive psychologist walks through what happens in the mind from seeing letters to understanding a story, written for teachers and curious parents. Readable without a science background. - [Matthew Effects in Reading: Some Consequences of Individual Differences in the Acquisition of Literacy](https://doi.org/10.1598/RRQ.21.4.1) (Keith Stanovich, 1986, Study, Paid, Ages 5–8). The classic paper on 'the rich get richer' in reading: kids who read well early read more, gain vocabulary and knowledge, and pull further ahead, while early strugglers fall behind. A strong argument for early help. - [NAEP Reading: 2024 Results](https://www.nationsreportcard.gov/reports/reading/2024/g4_8/) (National Center for Education Statistics, 2025, Data, Free, Ages 8–12). The US 'Nation's Report Card' for reading. In 2024 fourth-grade scores fell again, below both 2022 and 2019, and only about 31% of fourth graders scored proficient. Context for why reading policy is changing. - [Foundational Skills to Support Reading for Understanding in Kindergarten Through 3rd Grade](https://ies.ed.gov/ncee/wwc/PracticeGuide/21) (What Works Clearinghouse (IES), 2016, Guide, Free, Ages 5–8). US government practice guide with four recommendations: build academic language, teach sound awareness, teach decoding and word parts, and have kids read connected text daily. Each is graded by strength of evidence. - [Science of Reading: The Podcast](https://amplify.com/science-of-reading-the-podcast/) (Amplify (host Susan Lambert), Podcast, Free, Ages 5–8). Long-running interview podcast with reading researchers and teachers on phonics, comprehension, knowledge and writing. Produced by Amplify, a company that sells reading curricula, so keep that in mind. - [Shanahan on Literacy](https://www.shanahanonliteracy.com/blog) (Timothy Shanahan, Blog, Free). Weekly blog by a former National Reading Panel member answering teacher and parent questions on phonics, fluency, text difficulty, knowledge and more. Even-handed and evidence-focused. ### Phonics, cueing and decodables - [Some context on context](https://www.seidenbergreading.net/blog/2020/09/10/some-context-on-context) (Mark Seidenberg, 2020, Blog, Free, Ages 5–8). Cognitive scientist Mark Seidenberg, author of 'Language at the Speed of Sight', explains why guessing words from context is a weak strategy for beginners, while context still matters for meaning. Helps parents understand the 'look at the picture' critique. - ★ [Sold a Story: How Teaching Kids to Read Went So Wrong](https://features.apmreports.org/sold-a-story/) (Emily Hanford, APM Reports, 2022, Podcast, Free, Ages 5–8). Award-winning investigative podcast on how popular reading programs taught children to guess words from pictures and first letters instead of sounding them out. It helped push many states to change reading laws. Start here. - [Sold a Story: The podcast that's changing how reading is taught](https://www.apmreports.org/episode/2024/11/01/sold-a-story-the-podcast-thats-changing-how-reading-is-taught) (APM Reports, 2024, Article, Free, Ages 5–8). Follow-up tracking what changed after the podcast: state laws against three-cueing, publishers revising programs, and districts switching curricula. Shows how parents and teachers used the series. - [Hard Words: Why aren't kids being taught to read?](https://www.apmreports.org/episode/2018/09/10/hard-words-why-american-kids-arent-being-taught-to-read) (Emily Hanford, APM Reports, 2018, Podcast, Free, Ages 5–8). The 2018 audio documentary that started the modern phonics debate. Reports that many teachers were never taught the research on how children learn to decode, and what happened in one district that changed course. - [At a Loss for Words: How a flawed idea is teaching millions of kids to be poor readers](https://www.apmreports.org/episode/2019/08/22/whats-wrong-how-schools-teach-reading) (Emily Hanford, APM Reports, 2019, Podcast, Free, Ages 5–8). Documentary on three-cueing, the habit of teaching kids to guess words from meaning, sentence structure and a letter or two. Explains why research does not support it and what it looks like in a classroom. - [Is This the End of 'Three Cueing'?](https://www.edweek.org/teaching-learning/is-this-the-end-of-three-cueing/2020/12) (Education Week, 2020, Article, Free + paid, Ages 5–8). Reported piece on the shift away from cueing strategies, with views from both critics and defenders. Notes that some researchers see the change as a tweak rather than a revolution. May hit a paywall after a few free articles. - [Systematic Phonics Instruction Helps Students Learn to Read: Evidence from the National Reading Panel's Meta-Analysis](https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543071003393) (Ehri et al., 2001, Meta-analysis, Paid, Ages 5–8). The core evidence that systematic phonics beats unsystematic or no phonics, with the biggest benefit in kindergarten and first grade. Paywalled journal article. - [Reconsidering the Evidence That Systematic Phonics Is More Effective Than Alternative Methods of Reading Instruction](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-019-09515-y) (Jeffrey Bowers, 2020, Review, Free, Ages 5–8). A respected dissent: argues the evidence for systematic phonics over other methods is weaker than often claimed. Many reading scientists disagree with his conclusions, but it is worth knowing the debate exists. Open access. - [Phonics: reading policy and the evidence of effectiveness from a systematic 'tertiary' review](https://doi.org/10.1080/02671522.2017.1420816) (Torgerson, Brooks, Gascoine & Higgins, 2018, Review, Free, Ages 5–8). UK researchers pool earlier reviews and conclude systematic phonics helps beginning readers, but evidence from randomized trials is thinner than policy implies. A measured middle position. Open access. - [Orthographic Mapping in the Acquisition of Sight Word Reading, Spelling Memory, and Vocabulary Learning](https://doi.org/10.1080/10888438.2013.819356) (Linnea Ehri, 2014, Study, Paid, Ages 5–8). Explains how kids store words for instant recognition: by linking each letter to its sound, not by memorizing word shapes. This is why phonics knowledge also powers spelling and fast 'sight word' reading. - [Should We Teach with Decodable Text?](https://www.shanahanonliteracy.com/blog/should-we-teach-with-decodable-text) (Timothy Shanahan, 2018, Blog, Free, Ages 5–8). Shanahan argues the research on decodable books is thin and mixed. He suggests using them briefly alongside phonics lessons, then moving quickly to varied real books. A useful counterweight in the decodables debate. - [Laying Waste to 5 Popular Myths about Reading Instruction](https://www.shanahanonliteracy.com/blog/laying-waste-to-5-popular-myths-about-reading-instruction) (Timothy Shanahan, 2016, Blog, Free). Takes on five common beliefs, including that free reading time alone builds readers, that kids should only read books at their 'level', and that reading aloud teaches children to read. Clear and evidence-based. - [Decodable Text Sources](https://www.thereadingleague.org/decodable-text-sources/) (The Reading League, Guide, Free, Ages 5–8). A list of publishers and free sources of decodable books matched to phonics sequences. Handy for parents of a beginning reader who want books their child can actually sound out. - [Reading Recovery](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading_Recovery) (Wikipedia, Article, Free, Ages 5–8). Overview of the widely used one-on-one first-grade intervention and the long debate over it, including later research suggesting early gains may fade or reverse by third grade. Useful context if your school offers it. ### Knowledge and vocabulary - ★ [The Knowledge Gap](https://www.readbrightly.com/books/9780735213562/the-knowledge-gap-by-natalie-wexler/) (Natalie Wexler, 2019, Book, Paid, Ages 5–8). Argues that schools spend too much time on reading 'skills' like finding the main idea and too little on science, history and the arts, and that this knowledge gap drives the reading gap. A key book in the knowledge-building movement. - [Minding the Gap (Natalie Wexler's newsletter)](https://nataliewexler.substack.com/) (Natalie Wexler, Newsletter, Free). Ongoing newsletter on knowledge-rich curriculum, writing instruction and reading research, from the author of The Knowledge Gap. She writes clearly for non-specialists. - [Effect of prior knowledge on good and poor readers' memory of text](https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.80.1.16) (Recht & Leslie, 1988, Study, Paid, Ages 8–12). The famous 'baseball study': middle schoolers who were weak readers but knew baseball understood a baseball passage better than strong readers who did not. A small study that is often cited to show knowledge drives comprehension. Paywalled. - [Clearing Up Misconceptions About "the Baseball Study"](https://nataliewexler.substack.com/p/clearing-up-misconceptions-about-a44) (Natalie Wexler, Blog, Free, Ages 8–12). Wexler responds to critics of the baseball study and points to many similar 'knowledge effect' studies since. Read with the critics in mind; it is an advocate's case, but a careful one. - [Rediscovering Knowledge as the Key to Reading](https://www.educationnext.org/rediscovering-knowledge-as-the-key-to-reading/) (Daniel Willingham & E.D. Hirsch Jr., Education Next, 2026, Article, Free, Ages 5–8). Two prominent figures lay out the converging evidence that background knowledge drives comprehension, including a long-term study of Core Knowledge charter schools, and predict that knowledge-rich curricula take years to pay off. - [Improving reading comprehension, science domain knowledge, and reading engagement through a first-grade content literacy intervention](https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000465) (Kim et al. (MORE project), 2021, Study, Paid, Ages 5–8). Randomized trial where first graders read and discussed connected science texts on a theme. They gained science knowledge, vocabulary and reading engagement. Evidence that reading about one topic in depth helps. - [Can Children Be Taught to Comprehend What They Read?](https://www.danielwillingham.com/daniel-willingham-science-and-education-blog/can-children-be-taught-to-comprehend-what-they-read) (Daniel Willingham, 2024, Blog, Free, Ages 5–8). Explains why comprehension strategies like summarizing help a bit but quickly hit a ceiling, while background knowledge keeps paying off. Practical: talk with kids about the world, not just about strategies. - [What Reading Does for the Mind](https://www.aft.org/sites/default/files/periodicals/cunningham.pdf) (Cunningham & Stanovich, American Educator, 1998, Article, Free, Ages 8–12). Classic accessible article showing that how much kids read predicts vocabulary and general knowledge, beyond intelligence. Points out that books contain far more rare words than TV or conversation. - [To read or not to read: A meta-analysis of print exposure from infancy to early adulthood](https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021890) (Mol & Bus, 2011, Meta-analysis, Paid). Pools 99 studies: children and teens who read more for fun have better vocabulary, comprehension and spelling, and the link grows stronger with age. Correlational, so it cannot prove reading causes the gains. - [A Systematic Review of the Research on Vocabulary Instruction That Impacts Text Comprehension](https://doi.org/10.1002/rrq.163) (Wright & Cervetti, 2017, Review, Paid, Ages 5–8). Finds teaching specific words helps kids understand texts with those words, but there is little evidence that a few word lists boost general comprehension. Building knowledge and wide reading matter more. ### Reading aloud and shared reading - ★ [When Children Are Not Read to at Home: The Million Word Gap](https://doi.org/10.1097/DBP.0000000000000657) (Logan, Justice, Yumuş & Chaparro-Moreno, 2019, Study, Paid, Ages 0–5). Counted words in popular picture books and estimated that kids read five books a day hear about 1.4 million more words by kindergarten than kids never read to. Even one book a day adds up. A modeled estimate, not measured. - [Home Reading Environment and Brain Activation in Preschool Children Listening to Stories](https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2015-0359) (Hutton et al., 2015, Study, Paid, Ages 0–5). Brain scans of 19 preschoolers listening to stories: kids from homes with more reading showed more activity in areas tied to imagery and meaning. Small and correlational, but often cited. - [Literacy Promotion: An Essential Component of Primary Care Pediatric Practice](https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2014-1384) (American Academy of Pediatrics, 2014, Guide, Free, Ages 0–5). AAP policy statement urging pediatricians to tell parents to read aloud from infancy and to give books at checkups. Why your child's doctor may hand you a picture book. - [Reach Out and Read](https://www.reachoutandread.org/) (Reach Out and Read, Organization, Free, Ages 0–5). Nonprofit that gives new books and read-aloud coaching at pediatric checkups for children under five, serving millions of US kids a year. Endorsed by the AAP. - [The impact of shared book reading on children's language skills: A meta-analysis](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2019.100290) (Noble et al., 2019, Meta-analysis, Paid, Ages 0–5). A more recent and more cautious meta-analysis: shared reading helps vocabulary, but the effects are smaller than older reviews suggested once study quality is accounted for. Still worth doing, just not magic. - [Shared Picture Book Reading Interventions for Child Language Development: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis](https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.13225) (Dowdall et al., 2020, Meta-analysis, Paid, Ages 0–5). Programs that teach parents how to read picture books with toddlers and preschoolers improve children's expressive and receptive language. Interactive styles seem to matter most. - [Accelerating language development through picture book reading](https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.24.4.552) (Whitehurst et al., 1988, Study, Paid, Ages 0–5). The original dialogic reading study: parents asked open questions, expanded what the child said and praised them, turning the child into the storyteller. Children's language jumped ahead in a month. The PEER and CROWD prompts come from this work. - [Added Value of Dialogic Parent-Child Book Readings: A Meta-Analysis](https://doi.org/10.1080/10409280701838603) (Mol, Bus, de Jong & Smeets, 2008, Meta-analysis, Paid, Ages 0–5). Dialogic reading boosts vocabulary, especially for two- and three-year-olds, with smaller effects for older preschoolers and children at higher risk. Helps parents know when the technique pays off most. - [Parental Involvement in the Development of Children's Reading Skill: A Five-Year Longitudinal Study](https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00417) (Sénéchal & LeFevre, 2002, Study, Paid, Ages 0–5). Found two separate paths: storybook reading built vocabulary and later comprehension, while parents teaching letters and words built early decoding. Both kinds of home activity matter, for different reasons. - [Read to kids, but not necessarily from birth](https://www.danielwillingham.com/daniel-willingham-science-and-education-blog/read-to-kids-but-not-necessarily-from-birth) (Daniel Willingham, 2014, Blog, Free, Ages 0–5). A reassuring take on the AAP advice: reading aloud is good, but newborns get little from it and tired new parents should not feel guilty. Around four months is a fine place to start. - [The Read-Aloud Handbook](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Read-Aloud_Handbook) (Jim Trelease, 1982, Book, Paid). The best-selling parent guide to reading aloud, first self-published in 1979, with tips and huge booklists. Trelease died in 2022; later editions were updated by Cyndi Giorgis. His old website no longer works. - [Mem Fox](https://memfox.au/) (Mem Fox, Blog, Free, Ages 0–5). Website of the Australian picture-book author of 'Possum Magic' and 'Reading Magic', with short advice pieces for parents on reading aloud with expression and joy every day. - [Read-Aloud Revival](https://www.readaloudrevival.com/) (Sarah Mackenzie, Podcast, Free + paid). Popular podcast and community about family read-alouds, with author interviews and monthly booklists. Mackenzie also wrote 'The Read-Aloud Family'. Some content is behind a paid membership. - ★ [Storyline Online](https://www.storylineonline.net/) (SAG-AFTRA Foundation, Tool, Free, Ages 5–8). Free videos of well-known actors reading picture books aloud, with illustrations on screen and activity guides. A good bedtime or classroom option when you cannot read yourself, but no substitute for talking about the book together. ### Print, screens and audio - ★ [Differences in Parent-Toddler Interactions With Electronic Versus Print Books](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6564071) (Munzer et al., Pediatrics, 2019, Study, Free, Ages 0–5). Lab study of 37 parents and toddlers: with print books, parents and children talked more about the story and had more back-and-forth than with tablet e-books, even plain ones without animations. Small, but practical advice: prefer paper for toddlers. - [A Comparison of Children's Reading on Paper Versus Screen: A Meta-Analysis](https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654321998074) (Furenes, Kucirkova & Bus, 2021, Meta-analysis, Paid, Ages 0–5). Across 39 studies, young children understood stories somewhat better on paper than on screens, but well-designed digital books with features tied to the story narrowed the gap. Paywalled. - [Don't throw away your printed books: A meta-analysis on the effects of reading media on reading comprehension](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2018.09.003) (Delgado, Vargas, Ackerman & Salmerón, 2018, Meta-analysis, Paid). Pooled 54 studies of mostly older students and adults: comprehension was a bit better on paper, especially for informational texts and under time pressure, and the gap has grown over time. - [Benefits and Pitfalls of Multimedia and Interactive Features in Technology-Enhanced Storybooks](https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654314566989) (Takacs, Swart & Bus, 2015, Meta-analysis, Paid, Ages 0–5). Animations and music that match the story can help young children understand and learn words, but games, hotspots and other interactive extras tend to distract. Good guide for choosing e-books. - [Is listening to an audio book cheating?](https://www.danielwillingham.com/daniel-willingham-science-and-education-blog/is-listening-to-an-audio-book-cheating) (Daniel Willingham, 2016, Blog, Free). For skilled readers, listening and reading use mostly the same comprehension processes, so audiobooks are not cheating. The caveat for kids: audiobooks build language and love of stories but do not teach decoding. - [Audiobooks in the home in 2026](https://literacytrust.org.uk/research-services/research-reports/audiobooks-in-the-home-in-2026/) (National Literacy Trust, 2026, Report, Free). Survey of 3,000 UK parents: about seven in ten households listen to audiobooks, often at bedtime, and families who listen together report the most enjoyment. Cost and time were the main barriers. ### Reading for pleasure - ★ [Children and young people's reading in 2026](https://literacytrust.org.uk/research-services/research-reports/children-and-young-peoples-reading-in-2026/) (National Literacy Trust, 2026, Report, Free). The largest yearly survey of kids' reading (125,000 UK children). Reading enjoyment rose to 36% in 2026 after hitting a 20-year low of 33% in 2025, but only one in five reads daily for fun, and gaps by income widened. - [Teenage reading: (Re)framing the challenge](https://literacytrust.org.uk/research-services/research-reports/teenage-reading-reframing-the-challenge/) (National Literacy Trust, 2026, Report, Free, Teens). Reading enjoyment drops sharply between ages 8 and 14, especially for boys. Teens rarely reject reading outright; busier lives and easier alternatives crowd it out. Useful framing for parents of reluctant older readers. - [Children and young people's engagement with comics in 2023](https://literacytrust.org.uk/research-services/research-reports/children-and-young-peoples-engagement-with-comics-in-2023/) (National Literacy Trust, 2024, Report, Free, Ages 8–12). About four in ten UK kids read comics or graphic novels monthly, more boys than girls. Comic readers enjoyed reading more and read more often than non-comic readers. A survey, so it shows links, not causes. - [Scholastic Kids & Family Reading Report](https://www.scholastic.com/content/corp-home/kids-and-family-reading-report.html) (Scholastic, Report, Free). Biennial US survey of parents and children on reading habits, reading aloud, summer reading and libraries. Long-running trend data, though it comes from a children's book publisher. - [Reading for pleasure and progress in vocabulary and mathematics](https://doi.org/10.1002/berj.3180) (Sullivan & Brown, 2015, Study, Paid, Ages 8–12). Following thousands of British children, those who read for pleasure at 10 and 16 made more progress in vocabulary, spelling and even math between ages 10 and 16, after accounting for family background. Observational. - [The link between fiction and teenagers' reading skills: International evidence from the OECD PISA study](https://doi.org/10.1002/berj.3498) (Jerrim & Moss, 2019, Study, Paid, Teens). Across 35 countries, teens who often read fiction scored higher in reading than those who did not; frequent comic reading showed a small negative link. Correlation only, and it does not mean comics hurt. - [My Child Will Only Read Graphic Novels, Help!](https://www.shanahanonliteracy.com/blog/my-child-will-only-read-graphic-novels-help) (Timothy Shanahan, 2021, Blog, Free, Ages 5–8). Practical advice for a child stuck on graphic novels: keep the comics, talk about why wider reading matters, read chapter books aloud together, and try graphic nonfiction and transitional books with pictures that support the words. - [TOON Books](https://www.toon-books.com/) (TOON Books (Françoise Mouly), Organization, Paid, Ages 5–8). Publisher of easy-to-read comics for beginning readers, leveled for ages 3 and up, with free teacher and parent guides on reading comics with kids. Books are paid. - [Barrington Stoke](https://collins.co.uk/pages/barrington-stoke) (Barrington Stoke (HarperCollins), Organization, Paid, Ages 8–12). UK publisher of short, gripping books by well-known authors, printed in dyslexia-friendly layouts, with 'super-readable' titles for older kids who read below their age. Books are paid. - ★ [Dolly Parton's Imagination Library](https://imaginationlibrary.com/) (The Dollywood Foundation, 1995, Organization, Free, Ages 0–5). Mails a free, age-appropriate book every month to children from birth to five in the US, Canada, UK, Ireland and Australia, funded with local partners. Check your ZIP code to enroll. - [Imagination Library International Research](https://imaginationlibrary.com/international-research/) (Claire Galea / Dolly Parton's Imagination Library, 2025, Study, Free, Ages 0–5). Survey of over 86,000 caregivers in five countries: families who had received books read more often and children showed stronger emerging literacy. Published by the program itself, comparing families before and after receiving books. - ★ [Raising Kids Who Read: What Parents and Teachers Can Do](https://www.wiley.com/en-us/Raising+Kids+Who+Read%3A+What+Parents+and+Teachers+Can+Do-p-9781118769720) (Daniel Willingham, 2015, Book, Paid). A cognitive scientist's practical guide for parents: decoding, knowledge and motivation all matter, and the goal is a child who chooses to read. Covers babies to teens, including screens and reluctant readers. ### AI tutors and reading apps - [Amira Learning: Research](https://www.amiralearning.com/research.html) (Amira Learning, 2025, Report, Free, Ages 5–8). The company's list of about 50 studies, including a Columbia study it says matched human tutoring in 30 sessions and state data from Louisiana and Utah. Summaries are promotional; read the linked full reports for methods. - [Project LISTEN: publications](https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~listen/pubs.html) (Jack Mostow et al., Carnegie Mellon University, Study, Free, Ages 5–8). Decades of research on a computer Reading Tutor that listened to children read aloud. In a seven-month study, grade 1-4 kids using it gained more on word skills than classmates doing silent reading. The roots of today's AI reading tutors. - [Read Along by Google](https://readalong.google/) (Google, 2019, App, Free, Ages 5–8). Free app where a speech-recognizing helper listens as a child reads aloud, helps with hard words and awards stars. Works offline and in several languages, built first for kids in India. - [Read Along: Initial Pilot Findings](https://services.google.com/fh/files/misc/read_along_pilot_findings.pdf) (Google with ASER Centre, 2019, Report, Free, Ages 5–8). Google's own pilot with about 1,500 children in rural India: 64% of kids with the app improved in Hindi reading over three months. Not peer reviewed, and Google itself says more research is needed. - [Microsoft Reading Coach](https://coach.microsoft.com/) (Microsoft, App, Free, Ages 5–8). Free reading practice tool where kids read aloud, get feedback on words they miss, and can create AI-generated stories around characters they choose. Available on the web and through schools. - [Epic](https://www.getepic.com/) (Epic, App, Free + paid, Ages 5–8). Digital library of over 40,000 children's books, audiobooks and read-to-me titles for ages 12 and under. Free for teachers in class; families pay a subscription after a trial. - [Bob Books](https://bobbooks.com/) (Bob Books, Book, Paid, Ages 5–8). Classic sets of tiny decodable books for beginning readers, starting with three-letter words and adding sounds gradually. A simple, screen-free way to practice phonics at home. - [Florida Center for Reading Research](https://fcrr.org/) (Florida State University, Organization, Free, Ages 5–8). University research center that offers free, printable student center activities for phonics, fluency, vocabulary and comprehension from kindergarten to grade 5. Great for parents who want hands-on practice. ### Free books and libraries - [Libby](https://libbyapp.com/) (OverDrive, App, Free). Free app for borrowing e-books and audiobooks from your public library with a library card, including large children's collections and read-along picture books. - [Unite for Literacy](https://www.uniteforliteracy.com/) (Unite for Literacy, Tool, Free, Ages 0–5). Free online library of short picture books for early readers, with narration in dozens of languages, including several Native American languages. Good for bilingual families. - [StoryWeaver](https://storyweaver.org.in/) (Pratham Books, Tool, Free, Ages 5–8). Free open-license library of thousands of illustrated children's stories in hundreds of languages, from an Indian nonprofit publisher. Stories can be read online, downloaded or translated. - [Project Gutenberg](https://www.gutenberg.org/) (Project Gutenberg, 1971, Tool, Free, Ages 8–12). Free library of nearly 80,000 public-domain e-books, including children's classics like Alice in Wonderland, The Secret Garden and Peter Pan. Text-only, so better for older readers. - [Open Library: K-12 Student Library](https://openlibrary.org/collections/k-12) (Internet Archive, Tool, Free). A collection of free-to-borrow digital books for students from the Internet Archive's Open Library, sorted by grade level. Requires a free account. - [LibriVox](https://librivox.org/) (LibriVox volunteers, 2005, Tool, Free). Free audiobooks of public-domain books read aloud by volunteers, including many children's classics like Peter Pan and The Wind in the Willows. Narration quality varies a lot from reader to reader. - [BookTrust](https://www.booktrust.org.uk/) (BookTrust, Organization, Free, Ages 0–5). UK's largest children's reading charity, which gives free book packs to babies and young children through programs like Bookstart, plus advice for parents. ### Finding good books - [Common Sense Media: Book Reviews](https://www.commonsensemedia.org/book-reviews) (Common Sense Media, Tool, Free). Reviews of thousands of children's books with age ratings and notes on content like violence or language, plus parent and kid reviews. Handy for checking a book before you hand it over. - [ALSC Notable Children's Books](https://www.ala.org/alsc/awardsgrants/notalists/ncb) (Association for Library Service to Children (ALA), Guide, Free). Librarians' yearly list of the best children's books across ages, from picture books to middle grade. A trusted, ad-free place to start a library list. - [Randolph Caldecott Medal](https://www.ala.org/alsc/awardsgrants/bookmedia/caldecott) (ALSC (ALA), 1938, Guide, Free, Ages 0–5). The top US award for picture-book illustration, with a full list of winners and honor books since 1938. A reliable source of great read-alouds. - [John Newbery Medal](https://www.ala.org/alsc/awardsgrants/bookmedia/newbery) (ALSC (ALA), 1922, Guide, Free, Ages 8–12). The oldest US children's book award, for middle-grade writing, with winners back to 1922. Good for chapter-book read-alouds and older independent readers. - [We Need Diverse Books](https://www.diversebooks.org/) (We Need Diverse Books, 2014, Organization, Free). Nonprofit promoting children's books by and about people from many backgrounds, with booklists and an app to find titles. Helps kids see themselves and others in stories. - [Imagination Soup](https://imaginationsoup.net/) (Melissa Taylor, Blog, Free). Long-running blog by a former teacher with hundreds of children's booklists by age, topic and interest, including lists for reluctant readers. - [Lexile Find a Book](https://hub.lexile.com/find-a-book/) (MetaMetrics, Tool, Free). Search for books by Lexile measure, grade and interest; also has a decodable-book finder. Free with registration. Lexile scores measure word and sentence difficulty, not content or maturity. - [Lexile](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexile) (Wikipedia, Article, Free). Overview of the Lexile Framework, how it scores text by word frequency and sentence length, and its known limits: a picture book with mature themes can score like a novel, and the score ignores a child's interests. - [Evaluating readability measures](https://www.danielwillingham.com/daniel-willingham-science-and-education-blog/evaluating-readability-measures) (Daniel Willingham, 2014, Blog, Free). Looks at a study testing common readability formulas and finds most predicted children's reading difficulty barely better than chance. A reason not to treat a book's level number as gospel. - [Colorín Colorado](https://www.colorincolorado.org/) (WETA, Organization, Free). Bilingual site for families and teachers of English language learners, with reading tips in many languages and booklists of bilingual and multicultural books. ### Writing, spelling and handwriting - ★ [Handwriting but not typewriting leads to widespread brain connectivity: a high-density EEG study with implications for the classroom](https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1219945/full) (Van der Weel & Van der Meer, 2024, Study, Free). EEG study of 36 university students: writing words by hand with a digital pen produced much more widespread brain connectivity than typing. Widely reported, but small, done with adults, and it measured brain activity, not learning. - [The influence of writing practice on letter recognition in preschool children: A comparison between handwriting and typing](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2004.10.019) (Longcamp, Zerbato-Poudou & Velay, 2005, Study, Paid, Ages 0–5). Older preschoolers who learned letters by writing them by hand later recognized them better than those who learned by typing. Supports letter practice with pencil and paper for young kids. - [The effects of handwriting experience on functional brain development in pre-literate children](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tine.2012.08.001) (James & Engelhardt, 2012, Study, Paid, Ages 0–5). Brain scans of young children showed that printing letters by hand, but not typing or tracing them, activated reading-related brain areas when they later saw letters. Small study. - [How Much Mightier Is the Pen than the Keyboard for Note-Taking? A Replication and Extension of Mueller and Oppenheimer (2014)](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-019-09468-2) (Morehead, Dunlosky & Rawson, 2019, Study, Paid, Teens). Tried to repeat the famous 'pen is mightier than the keyboard' note-taking study and found no clear advantage for longhand notes. A reminder that popular handwriting findings are less settled than headlines suggest. - [Teaching Elementary School Students to Be Effective Writers](https://ies.ed.gov/ncee/wwc/PracticeGuide/17) (What Works Clearinghouse (IES), 2012, Guide, Free, Ages 5–8). Government practice guide recommending daily writing time, teaching the writing process and strategies, fluent handwriting, spelling and typing, and building a community of writers. Practical ideas for home too. - [Writing Next: Effective Strategies to Improve Writing of Adolescents in Middle and High Schools](https://carnegie.org/publication/writing-next-effective-strategies-to-improve-writing-of-adolescents-in-middle-and-high-schools/) (Graham & Perin, Carnegie Corporation, 2007, Meta-analysis, Free, Teens). Influential review of what improves teen writing: teaching planning and revising strategies, summarizing, working with peers, and sentence combining. Grammar drills alone did not help. - [Writing to Read: Evidence for How Writing Can Improve Reading](https://carnegie.org/publication/writing-to-read-evidence-for-how-writing-can-improve-reading/) (Graham & Hebert, Carnegie Corporation, 2010, Meta-analysis, Free, Ages 8–12). Shows that writing about what you read, learning to write well, and writing more all improve reading comprehension. A good argument for having kids write responses to books. - [The Writing Revolution](https://www.thewritingrevolution.org/) (The Writing Revolution (Judith Hochman), Organization, Some free, Ages 8–12). Nonprofit and method, based on the book by Judith Hochman and Natalie Wexler, that teaches writing through sentence-level exercises like 'because, but, so' tied to what kids are learning. Training is paid; some resources are free. - [How Spelling Supports Reading](https://www.aft.org/ae/winter2005-2006/moats) (Louisa Moats, American Educator, 2005, Article, Free, Ages 5–8). Explains that English spelling is far more regular than people think once you know sound patterns and word parts, and that learning to spell strengthens reading. Includes what good spelling teaching looks like. - [Does spelling instruction make students better spellers, readers, and writers? A meta-analytic review](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11145-014-9517-0) (Graham & Santangelo, 2014, Meta-analysis, Paid, Ages 5–8). Explicit spelling teaching improved spelling, and also helped reading and writing. Kids rarely pick up spelling just by reading a lot. - [Invented spelling in kindergarten as a predictor of reading and spelling in Grade 1](https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000179) (Ouellette & Sénéchal, 2017, Study, Paid, Ages 5–8). Kindergartners' attempts to spell words their own way, like 'kat' for cat, predicted their first-grade reading. Encouraging a child to sound out spellings, with gentle feedback, is useful practice. - [Children and young people's writing in 2026](https://literacytrust.org.uk/research-services/research-reports/children-young-peoples-writing-in-2026/) (National Literacy Trust, 2026, Report, Free). Only about 29% of UK 8- to 18-year-olds enjoy writing in their free time, rising slightly from 2025. Enjoyment falls through the early teens and is higher among girls. - [Handwriting versus keyboard writing: Effect on word recall](https://doi.org/10.17239/jowr-2015.07.02.1) (Mangen, Anda, Oxborough & Brønnick, 2015, Study, Free). Adults remembered more words they had written by hand than words they typed on a keyboard or touchscreen. Part of Anne Mangen's research on how the physical act of writing and reading affects memory. Open access. ## Math Number sense, facts, math anxiety, games and puzzles, and how to help with homework without tears. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/math ### Early number sense - ★ [School Readiness and Later Achievement](https://sites.uci.edu/gduncan/files/2021/03/School-readiness-pdf.pdf) (Duncan et al., Developmental Psychology, 2007, Study, Free, Ages 0–5). Pooled six big long-term studies of children. Math skills at school entry predicted later math and reading better than reading or attention skills did. It shows links, not cause, but it is why early math gets so much attention. - [What's Past Is Prologue: Relations Between Early Mathematics Knowledge and High School Achievement](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4719158/) (Watts, Duncan, Siegler & Davis-Kean, 2014, Study, Free, Ages 0–5). Followed children from preschool to age 15. Math knowledge before first grade still predicted high school math, even after accounting for family background and early IQ. Free full text. - [Early Math Matters: Kindergarten Number Competence and Later Mathematics Outcomes](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2782699/) (Jordan, Kaplan, Ramineni & Locuniak, 2009, Study, Free, Ages 0–5). Kindergarten number sense (counting, comparing quantities, simple number combinations) strongly predicted math achievement through third grade. Supports checking and building these skills early, before gaps widen. Free full text. - [Which Preschool Mathematics Competencies Are Most Predictive of Fifth Grade Achievement?](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4819335/) (Nguyen, Watts, Duncan, Clements et al., 2016, Study, Free, Ages 0–5). Looked at which preschool math skills mattered most later. More advanced counting and number skills, not just reciting numbers, best predicted fifth grade math. Useful for knowing what to practice with a preschooler. - [Early Predictors of High School Mathematics Achievement](https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797612440101) (Siegler, Duncan, Davis-Kean et al., Psychological Science, 2012, Study, Paid, Ages 8–12). Using US and UK data, fifth graders' knowledge of fractions and division predicted high school algebra and overall math, beyond other math skills, IQ and family income. A strong case for taking fractions seriously. Paywalled. - ★ [Playing linear numerical board games promotes low-income children's numerical development](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18801120/) (Siegler & Ramani, Developmental Science, 2008, Study, Free, Ages 0–5). Preschoolers who played a simple numbered board game, like Chutes and Ladders with numbers 1-10, for four short sessions caught up with richer peers on number line estimates. A color-only version did not help. Cheap and easy to copy at home. - [Experimental Evaluation of the Effects of a Research-Based Preschool Mathematics Curriculum](https://doi.org/10.3102/0002831207312908) (Clements & Sarama, American Educational Research Journal, 2008, Study, Paid, Ages 0–5). Randomized trial of Building Blocks, a preschool math curriculum built on learning trajectories. Children gained much more math than peers in comparison classrooms. Paywalled; the authors' free trajectory site explains the approach. - [Learning Trajectories](https://www.learningtrajectories.org/) (Clements & Sarama, University of Denver, Tool, Free, Ages 0–5). Free site that maps the usual steps children take in counting, shapes, adding and more, with activities for each step. Helps a parent see what comes next for their child instead of guessing. - ★ [Teaching Math to Young Children (WWC Practice Guide)](https://ies.ed.gov/ncee/wwc/practiceguide/18) (What Works Clearinghouse, IES, 2013, Guide, Free, Ages 0–5). US Education Department guide with five research-rated recommendations for ages 3-6: teach number and operations step by step, add geometry, patterns and measurement, use math talk, and watch progress. Written for teachers but clear enough for parents. ### Math at home & homework help - [What counts in the development of young children's number knowledge?](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2998540/) (Levine et al., Developmental Psychology, 2010, Study, Free, Ages 0–5). Recorded everyday talk in 44 homes from 14 to 30 months. Toddlers who heard more number talk from parents understood what number words mean sooner. Small sample and correlational, but the basis for most math talk advice. Free. - [Making the Most of Talk About Numbers](https://dreme.stanford.edu/news/making-the-most-of-talk-about-numbers/) (DREME Network, Stanford, Article, Free, Ages 0–5). Practical tips from early math researchers: count and label sets of things, use number words a little beyond what your child knows, and watch for gestures that show more understanding than words do. - ★ [DREME Family Math](https://familymath.stanford.edu/) (DREME Network, Stanford, Tool, Free, Ages 0–5). Free research-based activities, picture books guides and short videos for families with children up to about age 8, in English and Spanish. Everyday routines like cooking and walks become math moments. - ★ [Talking Math With Your Kids](https://talkingmathwithkids.com/) (Christopher Danielson, Blog, Free). Former teacher and dad collects real conversations with children about counting, shapes and patterns, sorted by age, with ideas for trying them at home. Also home of his books How Many? and Which One Doesn't Belong? - [Bedtime Math](https://bedtimemath.org/) (Bedtime Math Foundation, Organization, Free, Ages 5–8). Nonprofit that publishes a free daily math story problem with versions for different ages, plus books, an app and family math night kits. Built on the idea that math can be as normal at bedtime as reading. - ★ [Math at home adds up to achievement in school](https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aac7427) (Berkowitz et al., Science, 2015, Study, Paid, Ages 5–8). Randomized trial with 587 Chicago first graders. Families using the free Bedtime Math app, even once a week, saw extra math gains over the year, most for children of math-anxious parents. University of Chicago researchers; paywalled. - [Disassociating the relation between parents' math anxiety and children's math achievement: Long-term effects of a math app intervention](https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0000490) (Schaeffer, Rozek, Berkowitz, Levine & Beilock, 2018, Study, Paid, Ages 5–8). Follow-up of the Bedtime Math trial. Gains for children of math-anxious parents were still visible about two years later. One research group studying its own intervention, so wider replication would help. Paywalled. - [Vroom](https://www.vroom.org/) (Bezos Family Foundation, App, Free, Ages 0–5). Free tips and app for parents of children from birth to five that turn daily routines into brain-building moments, many of them about counting, sorting and comparing. Not math-only. - [Developing Math Skills (PBS KIDS for Parents)](https://www.pbs.org/parents/learn-grow/all-ages/math) (PBS KIDS for Parents, Guide, Free, Ages 0–5). Short, friendly articles and activities for parents on everyday math by age, from counting games to measuring while cooking. A good first stop when you want quick ideas rather than research. - [Parent Resources (youcubed)](https://www.youcubed.org/resource/parent-resources/) (youcubed, Stanford, Guide, Free). Jo Boaler's group's materials for parents: how to talk about mistakes and effort, math games, and why they discourage speed drills. Reflects one side of a live debate about fluency, which is worth knowing. ### Math anxiety & attitudes - ★ [Intergenerational Effects of Parents' Math Anxiety on Children's Math Achievement and Anxiety](https://sites.temple.edu/cognitionlearning/files/2015/09/Maloney-et-al-2015.pdf) (Maloney, Ramirez, Gunderson, Levine & Beilock, 2015, Study, Free, Ages 5–8). Among 400+ first and second graders, kids of math-anxious parents learned less math and grew more anxious, but only when those parents helped with homework often. Correlational. The takeaway: how you help matters more than how much. Free PDF. - [Parents' math anxiety can undermine children's math achievement](https://news.uchicago.edu/story/parents-math-anxiety-can-undermine-childrens-math-achievement) (University of Chicago News, 2015, Article, Free, Ages 5–8). Plain-language summary of the Maloney study on parents' math anxiety and homework help, with the researchers' suggestions, such as using math games and story problems instead of drilling a child you feel anxious helping. - [Female teachers' math anxiety affects girls' math achievement](https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0910967107) (Beilock, Gunderson, Ramirez & Levine, PNAS, 2010, Study, Free, Ages 5–8). In 17 first and second grade classrooms, the more math-anxious the (female) teacher, the more girls came to believe boys are better at math, and the lower those girls scored by year's end. Small and early, but widely cited. - [Math anxiety causes trouble for students as early as first grade](https://news.uchicago.edu/story/math-anxiety-causes-trouble-students-early-first-grade) (University of Chicago News, 2012, Article, Free, Ages 5–8). Summary of Ramirez et al. (2013). Math anxiety already shows up in first and second grade, and it hurt the highest working-memory kids most, setting them back almost half a year. - [Mathematics Anxiety: What Have We Learned in 60 Years?](https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00508/full) (Dowker, Sarkar & Looi, Frontiers in Psychology, 2016, Review, Free). Readable open-access review of math anxiety research: what it is, how it relates to performance in both directions, gender patterns, and what interventions have been tried. Good background for curious parents. - ★ [Ask the Cognitive Scientist: Math Anxiety: Can Teachers Help Students Reduce It?](https://www.aft.org/ae/summer2014/beilock_willingham) (Beilock & Willingham, American Educator, 2014, Article, Free). Two cognitive scientists explain how anxiety eats working memory and what helps: building skill, reframing nerves, brief writing about worries before tests, and adults not saying "I'm not a math person." Free. - [The Maths Anxiety Trust](https://www.mathsanxietytrust.com/) (The Maths Anxiety Trust (UK), Organization, Free). UK charity with guides for parents and teachers on spotting and easing math anxiety. Practical, low-key advice on language, homework and confidence. - [Choke: What the Secrets of the Brain Reveal About Getting It Right When You Have To](https://www.amazon.com/dp/1416596178) (Sian Beilock, 2010, Book, Paid). A cognitive scientist's popular book on why people freeze under pressure, with chapters on math anxiety and test performance and research-based ways to cope. For adults. ### How math is taught: the evidence - [Assisting Students Struggling with Mathematics: Intervention in the Elementary Grades](https://ies.ed.gov/ncee/wwc/practiceguide/26) (What Works Clearinghouse, IES, 2021, Guide, Free, Ages 5–8). Research-rated advice for helping K-6 kids who struggle: systematic instruction, clear math language, visual representations, the number line, word-problem routines and timed activities to build fact fluency. Free. - [Improving Mathematical Problem Solving in Grades 4 Through 8](https://ies.ed.gov/ncee/wwc/practiceguide/16) (What Works Clearinghouse, IES, 2012, Guide, Free, Ages 8–12). Five recommendations for teaching problem solving: use routine and non-routine problems, help students monitor their thinking, teach visual representations, compare several strategies, and connect ideas to notation. - [Developing Effective Fractions Instruction for Kindergarten Through 8th Grade](https://ies.ed.gov/ncee/wwc/practiceguide/15) (What Works Clearinghouse, IES, 2010, Guide, Free, Ages 8–12). Guide on teaching fractions, including starting from fair sharing, using number lines to show fractions as numbers, and explaining why procedures work. Fractions are a known stumbling block that predicts later algebra. - [Teaching Strategies for Improving Algebra Knowledge in Middle and High School Students](https://ies.ed.gov/ncee/wwc/practiceguide/20) (What Works Clearinghouse, IES, 2015, Guide, Free, Teens). Recommends having students study solved problems (worked examples), learn the structure of algebra, and compare different solution strategies. Useful when a teen asks for help with algebra homework. - [Does comparing solution methods facilitate conceptual and procedural knowledge?](https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.99.3.561) (Rittle-Johnson & Star, Journal of Educational Psychology, 2007, Study, Paid, Ages 8–12). Seventh graders who compared two worked solutions side by side learned more and became more flexible than those who studied the same solutions one at a time. A simple trick for homework help: show two ways and compare. Paywalled. - [Not a One-Way Street: Bidirectional Relations Between Procedural and Conceptual Knowledge of Mathematics](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-015-9302-x) (Rittle-Johnson, Schneider & Star, Educational Psychology Review, 2015, Review, Paid). Review finding that knowing procedures and understanding concepts build each other over time. A useful corrective to the math wars idea that you must choose understanding or practice. - ★ [Ask the Cognitive Scientist: Do Manipulatives Help Students Learn?](https://www.aft.org/ae/fall2017/willingham) (Daniel T. Willingham, American Educator, 2017, Article, Free, Ages 5–8). Manipulatives like blocks often help, but only when the object clearly maps to the idea and an adult guides the link. Flashy, toy-like objects can distract. Free and practical for choosing math toys. - [A meta-analysis of the efficacy of teaching mathematics with concrete manipulatives](https://doi.org/10.1037/a0031084) (Carbonneau, Marley & Selig, Journal of Educational Psychology, 2013, Meta-analysis, Paid, Ages 5–8). Pooled 55 studies. Teaching with manipulatives had small to moderate benefits on average, depending on how much guidance teachers gave and what was being learned. Paywalled. - [Five Big Ideas in Teaching for Mastery](https://www.ncetm.org.uk/teaching-for-mastery/mastery-explained/five-big-ideas-in-teaching-for-mastery/) (NCETM (UK), Guide, Free, Ages 5–8). England's national math teaching center explains its mastery approach, influenced by Shanghai and Singapore: coherence, representation and structure (concrete-pictorial-abstract), mathematical thinking, fluency and variation. - [NCETM](https://www.ncetm.org.uk/) (National Centre for Excellence in the Teaching of Mathematics, Organization, Free). UK government-funded body supporting math teaching in England through Maths Hubs and free materials. Its pages on mastery and on number fluency are useful outside the UK too. - [NCTM](https://www.nctm.org/) (National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, Organization, Free). The main US association of math teachers. Publishes standards, position statements and classroom resources, including free problems and interactive tools. Its views shaped the reform side of the math wars. - [Procedural Fluency in Mathematics (position statement)](https://www.nctm.org/Standards-and-Positions/Position-Statements/Procedural-Fluency-in-Mathematics/) (NCTM, 2023, Guide, Free). NCTM's view that fluency means using procedures accurately, efficiently and flexibly, built on understanding. Useful to see how teacher groups define the fluency that the timed-tests debate is about. - [Singapore math](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore_math) (Wikipedia, Article, Free, Ages 5–8). Overview of the Singapore approach: fewer topics in more depth, a concrete-pictorial-abstract sequence, and bar models for word problems. Explains why US programs like Math in Focus borrow it. - [Math in Focus](https://www.hmhco.com/programs/math-in-focus) (Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, App, Paid, Ages 5–8). A US K-8 curriculum adapted from Singapore's materials, built on concrete-pictorial-abstract teaching. Evidence for ESSA lists it as having strong evidence. Sold to schools by its publisher. - [Singapore Math (Primary Mathematics, Dimensions Math)](https://www.singaporemath.com/) (Singapore Math Inc., App, Paid, Ages 5–8). Publisher of Singapore-style workbooks popular with homeschoolers and some schools, including Dimensions Math and Primary Mathematics. Books are inexpensive; parent guides help adults teach bar models. - [Common Core State Standards for Mathematics](https://www.thecorestandards.org/Math/) (Common Core State Standards Initiative, 2010, Guide, Free). The grade-by-grade math standards many US states use or adapted. Reading your child's grade page shows what school expects, including why kids draw models before using the standard method. - [The Science of Math](https://www.thescienceofmath.com/) (The Science of Math (educator group), Organization, Free). Educator-led group pushing for explicit instruction, practice and fact fluency based on cognitive science, in the spirit of the science of reading. A clear voice on the traditional side of the debates. ### Math wars & debates - [Fluency Without Fear](https://www.youcubed.org/evidence/fluency-without-fear/) (Jo Boaler, youcubed, 2015, Article, Free, Ages 5–8). Boaler's widely shared argument that timed fact tests cause anxiety and that facts are better learned through number sense and games. Influential but contested; critics say it overstates the evidence against timed practice. - [Timed Tests and the Development of Math Anxiety (opinion)](https://www.edweek.org/teaching-learning/opinion-timed-tests-and-the-development-of-math-anxiety/2012/07) (Education Week, 2012, Article, Free + paid, Ages 5–8). An opinion piece arguing timed tests can trigger math anxiety in young children. One side of the timed-tests debate; research on short, low-stakes timed practice is more mixed. - ★ [PROOF POINTS: Stanford's Jo Boaler talks about her new book 'MATH-ish' and takes on her critics](https://hechingerreport.org/proof-points-stanfords-jo-boaler-book-math-ish-critics/) (Jill Barshay, The Hechinger Report, 2024, Article, Free). Balanced explainer of the fight over Boaler's work: what she argues, what cognitive scientists counter about practice and memorization, and the 2024 citation complaint, which Stanford later declined to investigate. - [California math matters: Stanford looks into complaints on professor Jo Boaler](https://stanforddaily.com/2024/04/12/california-math-matters-stanford-looks-into-complaints-on-professor-jo-boaler/) (The Stanford Daily, 2024, Article, Free). Student newspaper report on the anonymous 2024 complaint alleging that Boaler misrepresented research citations, including in the California framework, and her response. Allegations, not findings. - [Public Comments on the CMF](https://sites.google.com/view/publiccommentsonthecmf/) (Brian Conrad, Stanford mathematician, 2023, Blog, Free, Teens). A Stanford math professor's detailed public comments criticizing the California Math Framework's citations, data science pathway and guidance on algebra. Strongly argued; the most-cited critic's own words. - [California adopts controversial changes to math education](https://sfstandard.com/2023/07/12/californias-controversial-math-instruction-framework-faces-big-test/) (The San Francisco Standard, 2023, Article, Free, Teens). News report on the State Board's 2023 adoption of the revised framework after years of fights over 8th grade algebra, data science and detracking. Good quick context. - [Math wars](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Math_wars) (Wikipedia, Article, Free). History of the long US argument between "traditional" math (procedures, practice) and "reform" math (discovery, concepts) since the 1989 NCTM standards. Helps parents decode school debates. - [The Nation's Report Card: Mathematics 2024](https://www.nationsreportcard.gov/reports/mathematics/2024/g4_8/) (NAEP, National Center for Education Statistics, 2025, Data, Free, Ages 8–12). Official US results for 4th and 8th grade math. Scores remained below pre-pandemic levels and the gap between high and low scorers grew. The backdrop for current math policy fights. ### Program efficacy - ★ [Evidence for ESSA: Math programs](https://www.evidenceforessa.org/programs/math) (Center for Research and Reform in Education, Johns Hopkins, Tool, Free). Independent, free database rating math programs by the strength of their research under federal ESSA rules. Lists Zearn, DreamBox, ST Math, Math in Focus and many tutoring models. The best place to check a vendor's claims. - [Zearn: Efficacy Research Studies](https://about.zearn.org/research) (Zearn, Report, Free, Ages 5–8). Zearn's research page, including a RAND randomized trial in Texas (small gains on MAP, not significant on the state test) and a Johns Hopkins study in Louisiana. Usage studies on the page appear to be Zearn's own. Zearn is a nonprofit. - [Zearn Math](https://www.zearn.org/) (Zearn (nonprofit), App, Free + paid, Ages 5–8). Online K-8 math lessons with videos, digital manipulatives and practice that track grade-level curricula. Free for teachers and families at the basic level; schools pay for more. Rated strong by Evidence for ESSA. - [Harvard Study Suggests DreamBox Math Impact on Student Learning Outcomes](https://www.discoveryeducation.com/resources/research/harvard-study-suggests-dreambox-math-impact-on-student-learning-outcomes/) (Discovery Education (vendor summary of Harvard CEPR study), 2016, Report, Free, Ages 5–8). Vendor summary of a Harvard Center for Education Policy Research study of about 3,000 students: more weekly DreamBox time was linked to higher MAP scores. Not a randomized trial; DreamBox is now owned by Discovery Education. - [DreamBox Math](https://www.dreambox.com/) (DreamBox by Discovery Education, App, Paid, Ages 5–8). Adaptive K-8 math program that adjusts lessons as a child works, with lots of virtual manipulatives. Mostly sold to schools. Rated strong by Evidence for ESSA for grades K-5. - [ST Math](https://www.mindeducation.org/programs/st-math/) (MIND Education (nonprofit), App, Paid, Ages 5–8). Visual, puzzle-based PreK-8 math program in which a penguin named JiJi moves through problems with little text. Rated strong for grades 3-6 by Evidence for ESSA. Mainly for schools; a homeschool version exists. - [Khan Academy](https://www.khanacademy.org/) (Khan Academy (nonprofit), App, Free). Free videos and mastery practice from early math through calculus, plus Khanmigo, its AI tutor. Widely used in US schools. A good free default for practice at home. - [Multiple Studies Show Khan Academy Drives Learning Gains](https://blog.khanacademy.org/multiple-studies-show-khan-academy-drives-learning-gains-evidence-for-our-platforms-effectiveness/) (Khan Academy (vendor), 2026, Report, Free). Khan Academy's own roundup of studies, sorted by ESSA tier, including outside randomized trials in the US, India, Brazil and El Salvador. Effects are mostly small and depend on regular use. Written by the organization. - [IXL Research](https://www.ixl.com/membership/teachers/research) (IXL Learning (vendor), Report, Free). IXL's research page with studies comparing schools that use IXL heavily to similar schools. These are mostly commissioned or company studies and correlational, not randomized trials. IXL itself is a large paid practice site. - [IXL](https://www.ixl.com/) (IXL Learning, App, Paid). Large paid practice site with thousands of skills from preschool to high school, with instant feedback and a score that rises as you get questions right. Some families find the score system stressful; it suits short, regular sessions. - [Prodigy Math](https://www.prodigygame.com/main-en) (Prodigy Education, Game, Free + paid, Ages 5–8). Fantasy role-playing game where kids answer math questions to battle and level up. Free to play, with a paid membership for extras. Kids love it; how much math happens per minute varies. - [Prodigy: Education Research](https://www.prodigygame.com/main-en/research) (Prodigy Education (vendor), Report, Free, Ages 5–8). Prodigy's own research page and state efficacy white papers, such as a California report that heavy users outperformed non-users. These are company reports comparing users, which cannot rule out that stronger students play more. - [Advocates to FTC: Prodigy Math Game Preys On Kids and Families](https://fairplayforkids.org/feb-19-2021-advocates-to-ftc-prodigy-math-game-preys-on-kids-and-families/) (Fairplay (Campaign for a Commercial-Free Childhood), 2021, Article, Free, Ages 5–8). A coalition of 22 groups asked the FTC to investigate Prodigy's upselling to kids and its learning claims, saying kids could see more ads than math questions. An advocacy complaint, not a ruling; worth reading before choosing. ### Enrichment, games & competitions - [Beast Academy](https://beastacademy.com/) (Art of Problem Solving, App, Paid, Ages 5–8). Comic-book style math curriculum for ages 6-13, online or in books, aimed at kids who like puzzles and challenge. Harder than typical school math, with an emphasis on reasoning over speed. - [Art of Problem Solving](https://artofproblemsolving.com/) (Art of Problem Solving, Organization, Some free, Ages 8–12). Books, online classes and community for math-loving middle and high schoolers, with deep problem solving and contest preparation. Many US competition winners came through AoPS. - [MathCircles.org](https://mathcircles.org/) (National Association of Math Circles, Community, Free, Ages 8–12). Directory and resources for math circles, informal groups where mathematicians and kids explore puzzles together. Find a local circle or materials to start one with other families. - [Julia Robinson Mathematics Festival](https://jrmf.org/) (JRMF, Organization, Some free, Ages 8–12). Nonprofit that runs noncompetitive math festivals with hands-on puzzle tables for K-12 kids, in person and online. A friendly way to show kids math is more than worksheets. - [MATHCOUNTS](https://www.mathcounts.org/) (MATHCOUNTS Foundation, Organization, Some free, Ages 8–12). US middle school math programs: a competition series, a noncompetitive club program, and a video challenge. Free problem sets are on the site. - [Mathematical Kangaroo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_Kangaroo) (Wikipedia, Article, Free). Overview of Math Kangaroo, a large international multiple-choice contest for grades 1-12 held each spring, known for puzzle-like questions young kids can try. The US organizer's own site did not load during this check. - ★ [NRICH](https://nrich.maths.org/) (University of Cambridge, Tool, Free). Free, huge library of rich math problems, games and investigations for ages 3-18, with teacher and parent notes. Excellent for kids who want to think, not just practice. - [Numberblocks](https://www.bbc.co.uk/cbeebies/shows/numberblocks) (BBC CBeebies / Blue Zoo, 2017, Video, Free, Ages 0–5). Animated preschool series where characters made of blocks are numbers, showing how numbers combine and split. Made with math education advisers, and free on BBC iPlayer and YouTube in many places. - [Peg + Cat](https://pbskids.org/peg) (PBS KIDS, Video, Free, Ages 0–5). PBS preschool show and games in which Peg and her cat solve problems with counting, shapes and simple math. Free and ad-free on PBS KIDS. - [Mathigon](https://mathigon.org/) (Mathigon (now part of Amplify), Tool, Free, Ages 8–12). Free interactive math textbook and "mathematical playground" with lovely visuals for middle and high school topics. Its virtual manipulatives tool, Polypad, is a separate free site. - [Polypad](https://polypad.amplify.com/) (Amplify (originally Mathigon), Tool, Free). Free virtual manipulatives canvas: base-ten blocks, fraction bars, pattern blocks, algebra tiles and more. Good for showing a child the picture step between objects and symbols. - [Desmos](https://www.desmos.com/) (Desmos Studio, Tool, Free, Teens). Free online graphing and scientific calculators used in many state tests, plus a geometry tool. Kids can make art from equations. The classroom lessons moved to Amplify in 2022. - [Brilliant](https://brilliant.org/) (Brilliant, App, Free + paid, Teens). Paid app of short, interactive lessons in math, logic and coding, suited to curious teens and adults. Emphasizes problem solving over drills. - [Math Academy](https://www.mathacademy.com/) (Math Academy, App, Paid, Ages 8–12). Paid adaptive online course for motivated students from about grade 4 through university math, built on spaced review and mastery. Grew out of a Pasadena school program for advanced students. - [DragonBox](https://dragonbox.com/) (DragonBox (Kahoot!), App, Paid, Ages 5–8). Paid puzzle apps that sneak in algebra, geometry and number ideas through games for young kids and up. The algebra app lets children balance equations before they know the symbols. - [Prime Climb](https://mathforlove.com/games/prime-climb/) (Math for Love (Dan Finkel & Katherine Cook), 2014, Game, Paid, Ages 8–12). Colorful board game for about ages 8+ where you add, subtract, multiply and divide to move pawns, with prime factors shown in colors. From Math for Love, which also makes Tiny Polka Dot for younger kids. - [Do the benefits of chess instruction transfer to academic and cognitive skills? A meta-analysis](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2016.02.002) (Sala & Gobet, Educational Research Review, 2016, Meta-analysis, Paid, Ages 5–8). Pooled studies of chess lessons in school. Average effects on math and thinking looked positive but small, and were weaker in better-designed studies. Play chess for fun, not as a math shortcut. Paywalled. - [ChessKid](https://www.chesskid.com/) (Chess.com, App, Free + paid, Ages 5–8). Kid-safe chess site and app with lessons, puzzles and moderated games. Chess builds patience and planning; do not expect it to raise math scores by itself. - [SolveMe Puzzles](https://solveme.edc.org/) (Education Development Center, Tool, Free, Ages 8–12). Free puzzles, including balance mobiles, that build algebraic thinking without symbols first. Children find the weight of each shape, which is algebra in disguise. - [Which One Doesn't Belong?](https://wodb.ca/) (Mary Bourassa and contributors, Tool, Free). Free sets of four pictures, shapes or numbers where every choice can be the odd one out. Great dinner-table prompts because there is no single right answer, only good reasons. - [Estimation 180](https://estimation180.com/) (Andrew Stadel, Tool, Free, Ages 8–12). A free photo-based estimation challenge for every school day: how many, how tall, how heavy. Builds number sense and is quick enough for breakfast. - [Open Middle](https://www.openmiddle.com/) (Robert Kaplinsky & Nanette Johnson, Tool, Free, Ages 8–12). Free problems with one answer but many ways to get there, often using the digits 1-9 once. Pushes kids past rote procedure into reasoning, sorted by grade. ### Free practice & printables - [Free Math Worksheets](https://www.k5learning.com/free-math-worksheets) (K5 Learning, Tool, Free, Ages 5–8). Printable worksheets from kindergarten to grade 6, sorted by grade and topic with answer keys. Handy for quick, short practice; the company also sells a paid online program. - [Math-Drills](https://math-drills.com/) (Math-Drills.com, Tool, Free, Ages 5–8). Thousands of free printable math worksheets, from fact drills to fractions, with answer keys. Useful for short untimed fact practice at home. - [Math is Fun](https://www.mathsisfun.com/) (Rod Pierce, Tool, Free). Long-running free site that explains math topics simply, with examples, puzzles and practice. A good place for a parent to brush up before helping with homework. - [Math Learning Center Apps](https://www.mathlearningcenter.org/apps) (The Math Learning Center, Tool, Free, Ages 5–8). Free virtual manipulative apps: number racks, number lines, fractions, geoboards, money and more. Works in a browser and is great for showing ideas visually. - [Illustrative Mathematics](https://illustrativemathematics.org/) (Illustrative Mathematics, Tool, Some free). Problem-based K-12 math curriculum whose core materials are openly licensed and free to view. If your child's school uses it, the family pages explain each unit. - [Eureka Math](https://greatminds.org/math/eurekamath) (Great Minds, Tool, Some free, Ages 5–8). Widely used K-12 curriculum; original Eureka Math materials and parent tip sheets are free to download. Helps parents understand homework that uses tape diagrams and number bonds. - [PBS KIDS Math Games](https://pbskids.org/games/math) (PBS KIDS, Game, Free, Ages 0–5). Free, ad-free math games from PBS shows like Peg + Cat, Odd Squad and Cyberchase, covering counting, shapes, measuring and patterns for preschool and early elementary kids. - [Duolingo Math](https://www.duolingo.com/math) (Duolingo, 2022, App, Free + paid, Ages 5–8). Short, game-style math practice inside the Duolingo app, from elementary arithmetic up. Free with ads or paid for extras. Good for brief daily practice; no independent efficacy studies yet. - [SplashLearn](https://www.splashlearn.com/) (SplashLearn, App, Free + paid, Ages 5–8). Game-based math and reading practice for preschool to grade 5. Free for teachers; families get a limited free tier and pay for full access. - [Math Antics](https://www.mathantics.com/) (Math Antics, Video, Free + paid, Ages 8–12). Clear, friendly videos explaining basic math, from place value to fractions and pre-algebra, with worksheets. Free on YouTube; extras are paid. ### Blogs, books, podcasts & video - [Teaching Math With Examples](https://michaelpershan.com/) (Michael Pershan, 2021, Book, Paid, Ages 8–12). A teacher's practical book (John Catt) on using worked examples well in math class, drawing on cognitive science. His old blog "Teaching With Problems" is closed; this homepage lists the book. - [Denise Gaskins' Let's Play Math](https://denisegaskins.com/) (Denise Gaskins, Blog, Free, Ages 5–8). Homeschooling mom and author shares math games, living-math books and playful activities for families, plus her books of math games. Warm and practical. - [Math with Bad Drawings](https://mathwithbaddrawings.com/) (Ben Orlin, Blog, Free, Teens). Funny, insightful blog by a math teacher and author of popular books that explain math through stick figures. Good for teens and parents who think math is dull. - [Mr Barton Maths](https://mrbartonmaths.com/) (Craig Barton, Podcast, Free, Ages 8–12). UK teacher's podcast and free resources centered on worked examples, explicit teaching and cognitive science. Author of "How I Wish I'd Taught Maths." - [Math Ed Podcast](https://www.podomatic.com/podcasts/mathed) (Samuel Otten, Podcast, Free). Long-running interviews with math education researchers about their studies. Good for parents who want to hear the research from the people who did it. - [3Blue1Brown](https://www.3blue1brown.com/) (Grant Sanderson, Video, Free, Teens). Beautifully animated videos that explain why math works, from fractions-level puzzles to calculus and neural networks. Free; best for curious teens. - [Numberphile](https://www.numberphile.com/) (Brady Haran, Video, Free, Teens). Free YouTube series of mathematicians chatting about numbers, puzzles and famous problems. Shows kids that math has stories and personalities. - [Mathematical Mindsets](https://www.amazon.com/dp/1119823064) (Jo Boaler, 2022, Book, Paid). Popular book (2nd edition) arguing for open tasks, mistakes as learning and less speed pressure. Inspiring to many teachers and parents; critics say some research claims are overstated, so read it alongside the debates. - [How Not to Be Wrong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/How_Not_to_Be_Wrong) (Jordan Ellenberg, 2014, Book, Paid, Teens). Bestselling book by a mathematician showing how math thinking helps with everyday questions, from lotteries to polls. For parents and older teens who want to see why math matters. - [Math Curse](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Math_Curse) (Jon Scieszka & Lane Smith, 1995, Novel, Paid, Ages 5–8). Funny picture book about a girl who starts seeing every part of her day as a math problem. A favorite read-aloud for ages 6-10 and a good opener for math talk. - [The Number Devil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Number_Devil) (Hans Magnus Enzensberger, 1997, Novel, Paid, Ages 8–12). A novel in which a boy who hates math meets a devil in his dreams who shows him primes, triangles and infinity. Well-loved for ages 10 and up. - [Sir Cumference Math Adventures](https://www.charlesbridge.com/collections/sir-cumference) (Cindy Neuschwander, Charlesbridge, Novel, Paid, Ages 5–8). Picture-book series set in a punny King Arthur world that explains geometry and measurement ideas through stories. Good for ages 7-10. ## Screens, video and YouTube What the research says about screen time, learning from video, good channels and the big phone debate. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/screens-video ### Family tools, books & orgs - ★ [Children and Screens: Institute of Digital Media and Child Development](https://www.childrenandscreens.org/) (Children and Screens, 2013, Organization, Free). Independent nonprofit that funds and translates research on kids and screens, and says it takes no tech industry money. Free expert webinars, tip sheets, research summaries and an open-access handbook. - [Screen Deep (podcast)](https://www.childrenandscreens.org/screen-deep-podcast/) (Children and Screens (host Kris Perry), 2024, Podcast, Free). Half-hour interviews with researchers on kids and media: the video deficit, attention, influencers, AI companions, gaming and more. Transcripts are posted with each episode. - [The Art of Screen Time: How Your Family Can Balance Digital Media and Real Life](https://www.hachettebookgroup.com/titles/anya-kamenetz/the-art-of-screen-time/9781610396738/) (Anya Kamenetz, 2018, Book, Paid). A journalist and parent sums up the research and interviews other families, landing on a simple rule: enjoy screens, not too much, mostly together. Calm and practical rather than alarmed. - [Screenwise: Helping Kids Thrive (and Survive) in Their Digital World](https://devorahheitner.com/screenwise/) (Devorah Heitner, 2016, Book, Paid, Ages 8–12). Argues that mentoring beats monitoring: help kids build judgment about texting, gaming and social media rather than relying only on limits and spy apps. Heitner's newer book Growing Up in Public covers the teen years. - [Screenagers](https://www.screenagersmovie.com/) (Delaney Ruston (director), 2016, Film or show, Paid, Teens). Documentary by a physician and mom about her own family's fights over screens, often shown at school events, with follow-up films on teen mental health and a weekly blog of discussion prompts. - [A Different Way to Look at Screen Time](https://parentdata.org/kids/screen-time-data-different/) (Emily Oster, ParentData, Article, Free + paid). Economist Emily Oster's take on screen time research: most studies are correlational, so think about what screens are replacing in your child's day rather than treating every minute as harm. - [Use Screen Time to Manage Your Child's iPhone or iPad](https://support.apple.com/en-us/108806) (Apple Support, 2018, Tool, Free). Apple's official guide to Screen Time with Family Sharing: daily app limits, downtime, content and purchase restrictions, and Ask to Buy. Free and built into iPhones and iPads. ### Guidelines & screen-time rules - ★ [AAP Family Media Plan](https://www.healthychildren.org/English/fmp/Pages/MediaPlan.aspx) (American Academy of Pediatrics, 2016, Tool, Free). A free online builder that walks a family through screen-free zones and times, device curfews, content choices and sleep. You pick what fits your kids and print a one-page plan. The AAP's main family tool, updated since its 2016 launch. - ★ [Kids and Screen Time: How to Use the 5 Cs of Media Guidance](https://healthychildren.org/English/family-life/Media/Pages/kids-and-screen-time-how-to-use-the-5-cs-of-media-guidance.aspx) (AAP Center of Excellence on Social Media and Youth Mental Health, 2024, Guide, Free). The AAP's newer approach: instead of counting hours, think about your Child, the Content, whether screens are used to Calm, what they Crowd out (sleep, play, family time), and Communication. Short, practical and age-aware. - [The 5 Cs of Media Use](https://www.aap.org/5Cs) (American Academy of Pediatrics, 2024, Guide, Free). Landing page for the AAP's 5 Cs framework, with five age-based handouts (infancy to older teens) in English and Spanish, user guides for parents and clinicians, and posters. Built to replace the old two-hour rule with something more useful. - [The 5 Cs of Media Use: Toddlers and Preschoolers (2-4 years)](https://downloads.aap.org/AAP/PDF/CoE_5Cs_Toddlers_Final.pdf) (AAP Center of Excellence, 2024, Guide, Free, Ages 0–5). Two-page AAP handout for the toddler years: what kids this age can and cannot take from screens, how to choose slower, story-based shows, and why using a tablet to calm a meltdown can backfire over time. - [Center of Excellence on Social Media and Youth Mental Health](https://www.aap.org/en/patient-care/media-and-children/center-of-excellence-on-social-media-and-youth-mental-health/) (American Academy of Pediatrics, 2023, Organization, Free). The AAP's federally funded hub for evidence on kids, social media and screens. It runs a free Q&A portal for families and clinicians and publishes the 5 Cs and other short guides. - [Media and Young Minds (AAP policy statement)](https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2016-2591) (AAP Council on Communications and Media, 2016, Guide, Free, Ages 0–5). The AAP policy behind the familiar rules: avoid screens other than video chat before about 18-24 months, limit ages 2-5 to about an hour of high-quality shows, and watch with your child. Still widely cited; the 5 Cs now sit on top of it. - ★ [Guidelines on Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour and Sleep for Children Under 5 Years of Age](https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241550536) (World Health Organization, 2019, Guide, Free, Ages 0–5). WHO's 24-hour guidance: no sedentary screen time for babies and 1-year-olds, and no more than one hour a day for ages 2-4, with less being better. It frames screens as one piece of a day that also needs active play and enough sleep. - [The Children and Screens Guide for Early Child Development and Media Use: Ages 0-5](https://www.childrenandscreens.org/learn-explore/research/the-children-and-screens-guide-for-early-child-development-and-media-use-infants-and-children-ages-0-5/) (Children and Screens, Guide, Free, Ages 0–5). A free, research-based guide that ties media advice to what is happening developmentally from birth to five: language, attention, self-regulation and sleep. Practical tips rather than a single number. - [The Children and Screens Guide for Child Development and Media Use: Middle Childhood Ages 6-11](https://www.childrenandscreens.org/learn-explore/research/the-children-and-screens-guide-for-child-development-and-media-use-middle-childhood-ages-6-11/) (Children and Screens, Guide, Free, Ages 8–12). Same format for the elementary years: what research says about gaming, video, first phones and online friendships at this age, with conversation starters and household rules that tend to work. ### How little kids learn from screens - [Transfer of Learning Between 2D and 3D Sources During Infancy: Informing Theory and Practice](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2885850) (Rachel Barr, Georgetown University, 2010, Review, Free, Ages 0–5). The key review on the 'video deficit': babies and toddlers copy and remember less from a screen than from a live person, roughly until age 3. It also lists what shrinks the gap, such as repetition and an adult connecting the screen to real life. - ★ [What Matters for Young Children's Healthy Digital Media Use and Learning? (Screen Deep, Rachel Barr)](https://www.childrenandscreens.org/learn-explore/research/what-matters-for-young-childrens-healthy-digital-media-use-and-learning-rachel-barr-phd/) (Children and Screens (host Kris Perry), 2026, Podcast, Free, Ages 0–5). The researcher behind the video-deficit work explains it for parents: why under-3s learn less from screens, how repetition and a warm adult close the gap, why background TV matters, and why video chat with grandparents is a special case. - [Young Child Learning, Attention, and Screen Use (Screen Deep, Heather Kirkorian)](https://www.childrenandscreens.org/learn-explore/research/young-child-learning-attention-and-screen-use-heather-kirkorian-phd/) (Children and Screens, 2024, Podcast, Free, Ages 0–5). A media researcher on what actually helps young kids learn from video and apps: interactivity only helps when it serves the lesson, engaging is not the same as educational, and talking about a show afterward pays off. - [Do Babies Learn From Baby Media?](https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797610384145) (DeLoache et al., University of Virginia, 2010, Study, Paid, Ages 0–5). Randomized test of a best-selling baby vocabulary DVD: 12- to 18-month-olds who watched it for a month learned no more words than those who did not. Parents who liked the DVD tended to overestimate what their baby learned. - [Associations Between Media Viewing and Language Development in Children Under Age 2 Years](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2007.04.071) (Zimmerman, Christakis & Meltzoff, 2007, Study, Paid, Ages 0–5). Survey study linking baby DVD viewing at 8-16 months with smaller vocabularies. It was correlational and drew pushback from the industry, but it helped end marketing of baby videos as educational and led to Baby Einstein refunds. - [Skype Me! Socially Contingent Interactions Help Toddlers Learn Language](https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12166) (Roseberry, Hirsh-Pasek & Golinkoff, 2014, Study, Paid, Ages 0–5). Two-year-olds learned new words from a live adult over video chat about as well as in person, but not from a pre-recorded video of the same adult. The back-and-forth, not the screen, seems to be what matters. - [Baby FaceTime: Can Toddlers Learn From Online Video Chat?](https://doi.org/10.1111/desc.12430) (Myers, LeWitt, Gallo & Maselli, 2016, Study, Paid, Ages 0–5). Toddlers 12-25 months who had real FaceTime chats with a new adult recognized her a week later and learned more patterns than toddlers who saw recorded videos. This is why pediatric guidance exempts video chat. - [Co-viewing Supports Toddlers' Word Learning From Contingent and Noncontingent Video](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2017.09.005) (Strouse, Troseth, O'Doherty & Saylor, 2018, Study, Paid, Ages 0–5). Experiment showing that a parent watching alongside and talking about the video helped toddlers learn words from it, even from a regular pre-recorded clip. Strong evidence for the simple advice to watch together. - ★ [The New Coviewing: Designing for Learning through Joint Media Engagement](https://joanganzcooneycenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/jgc_coviewing_desktop.pdf) (Lori Takeuchi & Reed Stevens, Joan Ganz Cooney Center, 2011, Report, Free). The report that named 'joint media engagement': kids learn more when an adult or sibling watches, plays or reads on a screen with them and talks about it. Includes design tips for media makers and easy ideas for families. - [Podcast: Children, Adults and the 'New Co-Viewing' via Digital Media](https://www.newamerica.org/insights/podcast-children-adults-the-new-co-viewing-via-digital-media/) (New America, Podcast, Free, Ages 0–5). A conversation on co-viewing in the tablet era: why sitting with your child and talking about what you see still matters, and how apps and shows can be built to invite parents in. - [The Effects of Background Television on the Toy Play Behavior of Very Young Children](https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2008.01180.x) (Schmidt, Pempek, Kirkorian, Lund & Anderson, 2008, Study, Paid, Ages 0–5). Lab study of 1- to 3-year-olds: with an adult TV show playing in the background, kids played for shorter stretches and focused less, even when they barely looked at it. The effect was small but consistent. - [The Impact of Background Television on Parent-Child Interaction](https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01337.x) (Kirkorian, Pempek, Murphy, Schmidt & Anderson, 2009, Study, Paid, Ages 0–5). Companion study: when a TV was on in the background, parents talked less with their young children and were less responsive during play. One reason experts suggest turning the TV off when nobody is watching. - [Digital Screen Media and Cognitive Development](https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2016-1758C) (Daniel Anderson & Kaveri Subrahmanyam, 2017, Review, Free). A Pediatrics supplement review of the evidence: well-designed educational TV helps preschoolers, babies learn little from video, background TV and fast-paced entertainment carry costs, and content matters more than hours. - [Infants' and Toddlers' Television Viewing and Language Outcomes](https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764204271505) (Deborah Linebarger & Dale Walker, 2005, Study, Paid, Ages 0–5). Tracked toddlers' viewing and found that shows like Dora, Blue's Clues and Arthur were linked to more words and expressive language, while Teletubbies was linked to fewer. Early evidence that what kids watch matters more than whether they watch. - [Associations Between Screen Use and Child Language Skills: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis](https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.0327) (Madigan et al., 2020, Meta-analysis, Paid, Ages 0–5). Pooling 42 studies, more screen time and earlier screen use were linked to weaker language in young kids, while educational programs and watching with a parent were linked to stronger language. Mostly correlational. - [Associations Between Screen-Based Media Use and Brain White Matter Integrity in Preschool-Aged Children](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6830442/) (Hutton et al., Cincinnati Children's, 2019, Study, Free, Ages 0–5). Brain-scan study of 47 preschoolers linking screen use above AAP guidance with lower white-matter measures in language areas. Widely covered in the press, but it is small, cross-sectional and cannot show cause. - [Mobile Media Content Exposure and Toddlers' Responses to Attention Prompts and Behavioral Requests](https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2820972) (Webb, Christakis et al., 2024, Study, Free, Ages 0–5). Lab study of 62 toddlers: while playing a tablet game they responded to fewer adult bids for attention than during other play. A small proof-of-concept study, but it shows why tablet time can feel like talking to a wall. - [Helping Young Children Learn Self-Regulation in a Digital World: Tips for Parents of Children Ages 0-5](https://www.childrenandscreens.org/learn-explore/research/helping-young-children-learn-self-regulation-in-a-digital-world-tips-for-parents-of-children-ages-0-5/) (Children and Screens, Guide, Free, Ages 0–5). Tip sheet on helping little kids handle big feelings without reaching for a screen every time, with ideas for transitions, calm-down routines and ending screen time without a meltdown. - [The Costs of Using Devices to Calm Children (Screen Deep, Peter Reschke)](https://www.childrenandscreens.org/learn-explore/research/the-costs-of-using-devices-to-calm-children-peter-reschke-phd/) (Children and Screens, 2026, Podcast, Free, Ages 0–5). A researcher explains studies on using phones and tablets to soothe upset kids: it works in the moment, but relying on it often may leave children fewer chances to practice calming down on their own. ### Educational TV research - ★ [Early Childhood Education by MOOC: Lessons from Sesame Street](https://www.nber.org/papers/w21229) (Melissa Kearney & Phillip Levine, 2015, Study, Free, Ages 0–5). Used the fact that some 1969 homes could not receive the station to compare kids who could watch Sesame Street with kids who could not. Viewers were more ready for school, especially boys and poorer kids. Later earnings effects were unclear. NBER working paper. - [Effects of Sesame Street: A Meta-analysis of Children's Learning in 15 Countries](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2013.01.001) (Marie-Louise Mares & Zhongdang Pan, 2013, Meta-analysis, Paid, Ages 0–5). Pooled 24 studies of local Sesame Street versions in 15 countries. Kids who watched gained in early literacy and math, world knowledge and social attitudes. Some studies were funded or run with Sesame Workshop. - [Relation Between Active Mediation, Exposure to Daniel Tiger's Neighborhood, and US Preschoolers' Social and Emotional Development](https://doi.org/10.1080/17482798.2016.1203806) (Eric Rasmussen et al., Texas Tech, 2016, Study, Paid, Ages 0–5). Preschoolers who watched Daniel Tiger showed gains in empathy, emotion recognition and confidence, but mainly when parents talked with them about the episodes. Kids from lower-income homes benefited most. - [Research Partnerships: Empathy and Daniel Tiger](https://www.depts.ttu.edu/comc/research/news/empathy-daniel-tiger.php) (Texas Tech College of Media & Communication, 2018, Article, Free, Ages 0–5). University write-up of the Daniel Tiger studies for a general audience: the show helped with emotional skills when parents joined in, and the takeaway is to watch together and use the songs and strategies in daily life. - [Researching Blue's Clues: Viewing Behavior and Impact](https://doi.org/10.1207/S1532785XMEP0202_4) (Anderson, Bryant, Wilder, Santomero, Williams & Crawley, 2000, Study, Paid, Ages 0–5). Summary of the research built into Blue's Clues, including its pauses for kids to answer and its repeat-the-episode schedule. Regular viewers did better on some problem-solving tasks. Several authors worked on the show. - [Why 'Blue's Clues' Showed Kids the Same Episode 5 Days in a Row](https://www.mentalfloss.com/entertainment/tv/why-blues-clues-repeated-same-episode-five-days) (Mental Floss, Article, Free, Ages 0–5). Light read on the research behind Blue's Clues: preschoolers understood and joined in more with each repeat viewing, which is why the network aired each episode all week. Helps explain why kids want the same show again and again. - [Sesame Workshop: Research and Insights](https://sesameworkshop.org/our-work/research-and-insights/) (Sesame Workshop, Organization, Free, Ages 0–5). The research arm of the nonprofit behind Sesame Street. It tests shows with kids during production and publishes studies on literacy, emotional skills and helping kids through hard times. Note it studies its own programs. - [Fred Rogers Institute](https://www.fredrogersinstitute.org/) (Fred Rogers Institute, Saint Vincent College, Organization, Free, Ages 0–5). Keeps Fred Rogers' approach alive through research, training for educators and archives. Good for parents curious about why slow, calm, honest children's TV works and how to talk with kids about feelings. - [Won't You Be My Neighbor?](https://www.focusfeatures.com/wont-you-be-my-neighbor) (Morgan Neville (director), Focus Features, 2018, Film or show, Paid). Documentary on Fred Rogers and why his deliberately slow, direct show connected with children. A good starting point for thinking about what makes kids' TV kind and useful rather than just busy. ### Picking good shows & channels - [How We Rate and Review: TV](https://www.commonsensemedia.org/about-us/our-mission/about-our-ratings/tv) (Common Sense Media, Guide, Free). Explains how Common Sense rates shows by age and scores educational value, positive messages, violence, language and ads. Useful for reading its reviews well and for building your own quick checklist. - [Best Preschool TV Shows](https://www.commonsensemedia.org/lists/best-preschool-tv) (Common Sense Media, Article, Free, Ages 0–5). Curated list of preschool shows with an age rating and a short note on what each one teaches, from early math to feelings. Handy when you want a better option than whatever autoplay offers. - [Low Stimulating TV Shows for Little Kids](https://www.commonsensemedia.org/lists/low-stimulating-tv-shows-for-little-kids) (Common Sense Media, Article, Free, Ages 0–5). A list of calm, slow-paced shows such as Mister Rogers, Daniel Tiger and In the Night Garden for families who notice their child gets wound up by fast, loud programs. - [CoComelon: Parents' Guide and TV Review](https://www.commonsensemedia.org/tv-reviews/cocomelon) (Common Sense Media, Article, Free, Ages 0–5). Common Sense's review of the hugely popular nursery-rhyme show, with an age rating, what it teaches and parent and kid reviews. Read alongside the debate over its quick cuts and bright, busy visuals, which has little direct research behind it either way. - [Ms. Rachel: Parents' Guide and TV Review](https://www.commonsensemedia.org/tv-reviews/ms-rachel) (Common Sense Media, Article, Free, Ages 0–5). Review of Ms. Rachel's songs and lessons for babies and toddlers, which use slow speech, repetition, sign language and pauses for kids to answer, all techniques speech therapists use. - [Ms Rachel (official site)](https://www.msrachel.com/) (Rachel Griffin Accurso, 2019, Video, Free, Ages 0–5). Home of the YouTube and Netflix series made by a former preschool music teacher with a master's in music education. Built around language milestones for babies and toddlers, with slow pacing and lots of chances to talk back. - [Bluey Teaches Children and Parents Alike About How Play Supports Creativity and Other Life Lessons](https://theconversation.com/bluey-teaches-children-and-parents-alike-about-how-play-supports-creativity-and-other-life-lessons-208650) (Scott, Gaston-Panthaki & Piper, The Conversation, 2023, Article, Free, Ages 0–5). Child development researchers use specific episodes to show how Bluey models pretend play, using everyday objects as toys, working through feelings and waiting your turn, plus ways to bring those ideas into real play. - [Should Your Kid Watch Bluey?](https://technosapiens.substack.com/p/should-your-kid-watch-bluey) (Jacqueline Nesi, Techno Sapiens, Blog, Free, Ages 0–5). A psychologist who studies kids and tech walks through what research says about pacing, content and co-viewing, using Bluey as the example. Calm, evidence-first and practical. - [Bluey (official site)](https://www.bluey.tv/) (Ludo Studio / BBC Studios, 2018, Video, Some free, Ages 0–5). The Australian cartoon about a family of dogs that play pretend. Praised by child development experts for showing imaginative play, emotion coaching and short episodes that end naturally. - [PBS KIDS for Parents](https://www.pbs.org/parents) (PBS KIDS, Guide, Free, Ages 0–5). PBS's parent site with activities that extend its shows into real life, plus short articles on media, emotions and learning. PBS shows are built on learning goals and tested with kids. - [PBS KIDS Video](https://pbskids.org/videos) (PBS KIDS, App, Free, Ages 0–5). Free streaming of PBS shows like Daniel Tiger, Wild Kratts, Molly of Denali and Peg + Cat. Each show has a stated learning goal, which makes it a simple default for young kids. - [SciShow Kids](https://complexly.org/videos/scishow-kids/) (Complexly, 2014, Video, Free, Ages 5–8). Short, friendly science videos for elementary kids, from why leaves change color to how magnets work. From the team behind SciShow and Crash Course. - [Crash Course](https://thecrashcourse.com/) (Complexly, 2012, Video, Free, Ages 8–12). Free video courses on science, history and more, including a Crash Course Kids series for elementary science. Fast but well written; the main series suit older kids and teens. - [CrunchLabs](https://www.crunchlabs.com/) (Mark Rober, 2022, Tool, Paid, Ages 8–12). Former NASA engineer and YouTuber Mark Rober's subscription build kits, each paired with a video explaining the engineering. His free YouTube videos are a popular gateway to science; the kits are paid. - [BrainPOP](https://www.brainpop.com/) (BrainPOP, 1999, App, Paid, Ages 8–12). Animated short lessons with quizzes across science, math, social studies and more, used widely in schools. Mostly sold to schools and families by subscription. - [TED-Ed](https://ed.ted.com/) (TED, 2012, Video, Free, Ages 8–12). Free animated lessons on big questions in science, history and ideas, with questions and discussion prompts for each. Best for curious older kids and teens. ### YouTube & how-to video - [Many Turn to YouTube for Children's Content, News, How-To Lessons](https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2018/11/07/many-turn-to-youtube-for-childrens-content-news-how-to-lessons/) (Pew Research Center, 2018, Report, Free). Survey of about 4,600 US adults: half of YouTube users called it very important for learning how to do new things, and most parents of kids under 12 let them watch, though many said their child had run into unsuitable videos. - [Parenting Children in the Age of Screens](https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2020/07/28/parenting-children-in-the-age-of-screens/) (Pew Research Center, 2020, Report, Free). Pew survey of US parents: most kids under 12 watched YouTube, parents worried about how much time kids spent on screens, and many said their child had come across videos unsuitable for their age. - [Young Kids and YouTube: How Ads, Toys, and Games Dominate Viewing](https://www.commonsensemedia.org/research/young-kids-and-youtube-how-ads-toys-and-games-dominate-viewing) (Common Sense Media, 2020, Report, Free, Ages 0–5). Analysis of what children 8 and under actually watch on YouTube: mostly entertainment, heavy on toy unboxing and ads, with little educational content, and much of it on main YouTube rather than YouTube Kids. - [Parents' Ultimate Guide to YouTube Kids](https://www.commonsensemedia.org/articles/parents-ultimate-guide-to-youtube-kids) (Common Sense Media, Guide, Free, Ages 0–5). Plain walkthrough of the YouTube Kids app: the age modes, approved-content-only mode, turning off search, timers, and what still slips through. Practical setup help for parents of young kids. - [Parents' Ultimate Guide to YouTube](https://www.commonsensemedia.org/articles/parents-ultimate-guide-to-youtube) (Common Sense Media, Guide, Free, Ages 8–12). Q&A-style guide to regular YouTube for families: supervised accounts, restricted mode, autoplay, comments, Shorts and how to talk with kids about what the algorithm serves up. - [YouTube Kids](https://www.youtubekids.com/) (Google / YouTube, 2015, App, Free, Ages 5–8). Google's separate app for kids, with Preschool, Younger and Older modes and an option where parents approve every channel. Filters are automated and imperfect, so approved-content mode is the safest setting. - [YouTube Kids and YouTube Supervised Experiences: Viewing Options for Families](https://support.google.com/youtube/answer/10315420) (YouTube Help, Guide, Free, Ages 8–12). Google's own explanation of the choices: YouTube Kids for younger children, a supervised YouTube account for preteens with content levels starting at 9+, and teen accounts. Notes that its filters make mistakes. - [Video Improves Learning in Higher Education: A Systematic Review](https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654321990713) (Noetel et al., Australian Catholic University, 2021, Meta-analysis, Paid, Teens). Pooled 105 randomized trials: swapping video for usual teaching gave a small gain, and adding video on top of teaching gave a large one. The research is on college students, but it supports video as a learning aid rather than a replacement. - [How Video Production Affects Student Engagement](https://doi.org/10.1145/2556325.2566239) (Philip Guo, Juho Kim & Rob Rubin, 2014, Study, Paid, Teens). Analysis of millions of edX video sessions: viewers stayed engaged with short videos (about six minutes or less), a talking person with slides, and an enthusiastic, fast-speaking presenter. A handy lens for judging how-to videos. - [Is Online Video-Based Education an Effective Method to Teach Basic Surgical Skills? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9356715) (Mao et al., 2022, Meta-analysis, Free). Hands-on skills like suturing were learned about as well from online video as from in-person teaching across 380 trainees. Not about kids, but one of the clearer tests of whether how-to video can teach physical skills. - [Fairplay](https://fairplayforkids.org/) (Fairplay (formerly Campaign for a Commercial-Free Childhood), 2000, Organization, Free). Advocacy group that campaigns against marketing to children and design that keeps kids watching. It filed the complaint behind YouTube's 2019 FTC children's privacy settlement. An advocate, not a neutral source. ### Pacing, attention & short video - ★ [The Immediate Impact of Different Types of Television on Young Children's Executive Function](https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2010-1919) (Angeline Lillard & Jennifer Peterson, 2011, Study, Paid, Ages 0–5). The study behind most pacing worries: 4-year-olds who watched nine minutes of a fast cartoon did worse right afterward on self-control and memory tasks than kids who drew or watched a slow show. Small sample and short-term only. - [Early Television Exposure and Subsequent Attentional Problems in Children](https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.113.4.708) (Christakis, Zimmerman, DiGiuseppe & McCarty, 2004, Study, Paid, Ages 0–5). A famous and contested study linking TV at ages 1 and 3 to attention problems at 7. Later reanalyses suggested the link was weaker and mostly among very heavy viewers. Worth knowing because it is still quoted. - [The Relationship Between Television Exposure and Children's Cognition and Behaviour: A Systematic Review](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2016.12.002) (Kostyrka-Allchorne, Cooper & Simpson, 2017, Review, Paid, Ages 0–5). Review of studies on TV and attention, self-control and learning. Concludes that content and context, including pacing and adult-directed shows, matter more than total hours, and that the evidence on fast editing is still thin. - ★ [Feeds, Feelings, and Focus: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Examining the Cognitive and Mental Health Correlates of Short-Form Video Use](https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000498) (Nguyen et al., 2025, Meta-analysis, Paid, Teens). The largest review so far on TikTok, Reels and Shorts. Heavier short-video use was linked to weaker attention and self-control and to poorer mental health scores. Nearly all included studies were cross-sectional and few involved young children. - [Short-Form Video Media Use Is Associated With Greater Inattentive Symptoms in Thai School-Age Children](https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70656) (Chiencharoenthanakij et al., 2025, Study, Free, Ages 5–8). Hospital-based survey of parents of 6- to 12-year-olds: more short-video use went with more inattention symptoms. Cross-sectional, so it cannot say which comes first, but one of few studies on younger kids. - [Association Between Short-Form Video Media Use and Inattentive, Hyperactive-Impulsive, and Oppositional Defiant Symptoms in Thai Preschool Children](https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-026-28949-y) (Anuroj & Aroonkamonsri, 2026, Study, Free, Ages 0–5). New open-access study extending the short-video question to preschoolers, looking at attention, hyperactivity and defiance symptoms. Early, correlational evidence on a fast-growing habit. - [Attention, Media Use, and Children](https://www.childrenandscreens.org/learn-explore/research/attention-media-use-and-children/) (Children and Screens, 2024, Guide, Free). Tip sheet by age on screens and focus: read aloud and co-view with little kids, keep phones out of reach during homework, limit notifications for teens, and watch behavior changes rather than only counting hours. - [Brain Drain: The Mere Presence of One's Own Smartphone Reduces Available Cognitive Capacity](https://doi.org/10.1086/691462) (Ward, Duke, Gneezy & Bos, 2017, Study, Paid, Teens). Experiments where students did worse on tests when their phone sat on the desk, even face down. Often quoted in phone-ban debates, but some later replication attempts did not find the effect. ### Teens, phones & the Haidt debate - ★ [The Anxious Generation: How the Great Rewiring of Childhood Is Causing an Epidemic of Mental Illness](https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/729231/the-anxious-generation-by-jonathan-haidt/) (Jonathan Haidt, 2024, Book, Paid, Teens). Bestseller arguing that smartphones, social media and the loss of free play drove the rise in teen anxiety and depression after 2012. Proposes four norms: no smartphone before high school, no social media before 16, phone-free schools, more independence. Its causal claims are disputed. - [The TAG Movement (The Anxious Generation)](https://www.anxiousgeneration.com/) (Jonathan Haidt & Alexa Arnold, 2024, Organization, Free, Ages 8–12). The campaign site that grew out of the book, with toolkits for parents, schools and lawmakers on delaying phones and social media and bringing back unsupervised play. - [After Babel](https://www.afterbabel.com/) (Jonathan Haidt & Zach Rausch, 2023, Newsletter, Free, Teens). Haidt's Substack, where he and colleagues post the data behind the book, respond to critics, and track phone-free school policies. Useful to see the strongest version of the argument. - ★ [The Great Rewiring: Is Social Media Really Behind an Epidemic of Teenage Mental Illness?](https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-00902-2) (Candice Odgers, Nature, 2024, Review, Paid, Teens). The best-known critical review of The Anxious Generation by a developmental psychologist. She argues the book confuses correlation with cause, that most studies find small links, and that the panic may distract from real causes of teen distress. - [The Association Between Adolescent Well-Being and Digital Technology Use](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-018-0506-1) (Amy Orben & Andrew Przybylski, Oxford, 2019, Study, Paid, Teens). Analyzed three huge datasets many different ways. Technology use explained about 0.4% of the variation in teen well-being, about as much as eating potatoes. A landmark of the skeptical side, though critics say averages can hide harm to some kids. - [A Large-Scale Test of the Goldilocks Hypothesis](https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797616678438) (Andrew Przybylski & Netta Weinstein, 2017, Study, Paid, Teens). Study of about 120,000 English 15-year-olds: moderate screen use was not linked to lower well-being, and only heavy use showed small negative links. The origin of the 'not too much, not too little' idea. - [Annual Research Review: Adolescent Mental Health in the Digital Age: Facts, Fears, and Future Directions](https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13190) (Candice Odgers & Michaeline Jensen, 2020, Review, Free, Teens). Careful review concluding that most links between teens' digital use and mental health are small and mixed, and that the bigger question is which teens are vulnerable and why. - [Increases in Depressive Symptoms, Suicide-Related Outcomes, and Suicide Rates Among U.S. Adolescents After 2010 and Links to Increased New Media Screen Time](https://doi.org/10.1177/2167702617723376) (Twenge, Joiner, Rogers & Martin, 2017, Study, Paid, Teens). Influential paper on the other side: teen depression and suicide measures rose after 2010 as smartphone use climbed, and heavier users reported more symptoms. Correlational; it helped start the current debate. - [Social Media and Youth Mental Health: The U.S. Surgeon General's Advisory](https://www.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/sg-youth-mental-health-social-media-advisory.pdf) (U.S. Surgeon General (Vivek Murthy), 2023, Guide, Free, Teens). Federal advisory saying there is not enough evidence to call social media safe for kids. Flags sleep loss, harmful content and heavy use, and asks families, schools, companies and lawmakers to act, while admitting the research has big gaps. - [Health Advisory on Social Media Use in Adolescence](https://www.apa.org/topics/social-media-internet/health-advisory-adolescent-social-media-use) (American Psychological Association, 2023, Guide, Free, Teens). Ten research-based recommendations from psychologists: social media is not good or bad in itself, so focus on what teens do on it, adult monitoring for younger teens, protecting sleep and exercise, and teaching media literacy. - [Social Media and Adolescent Health](https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27396/social-media-and-adolescent-health) (National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, 2023, Report, Free, Teens). A national expert panel found the evidence does not support the claim that social media causes population-wide harm to teen health, while noting real risks for some teens. Recommends platform standards and more research. Free PDF. - [Techno Sapiens](https://technosapiens.substack.com/) (Jacqueline Nesi, Brown University, Newsletter, Free). Newsletter by a clinical psychologist who researches teens and social media. Explains new studies on phones, screens and kids in a balanced, practical way. ### Phone-free schools & delay pledges - [School Phone Policies and Their Association With Mental Wellbeing, Phone Use, and Social Media Use (SMART Schools)](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanepe.2025.101211) (Victoria Goodyear et al., University of Birmingham, 2025, Study, Free, Teens). Compared 1,227 students at 30 English secondary schools. Strict phone bans were not linked to better well-being, sleep or grades. But more phone and social media time overall was linked to worse outcomes. Suggests bans alone are not enough. - [Ill Communication: Technology, Distraction and Student Performance](https://cep.lse.ac.uk/pubs/download/dp1350.pdf) (Louis-Philippe Beland & Richard Murphy, LSE, 2016, Study, Free, Teens). English schools that banned phones saw test scores rise afterward, with the biggest gains for lower-achieving students. Often cited in favor of bans; it was observational and from a time before most kids had smartphones. - [The Case for Phone-Free Schools](https://www.afterbabel.com/p/phone-free-schools) (Jonathan Haidt, 2023, Article, Free, Teens). Haidt's argument that only lockers or locked pouches truly make schools phone-free, with the studies he relies on. He acknowledges the evidence is mostly correlational and calls for randomized trials. - [Global Education Monitoring Report 2023: Technology in Education](https://www.unesco.org/gem-report/en/technology) (UNESCO, 2023, Report, Free). UNESCO's global review of ed tech, which made headlines by saying smartphones belong in school only when they clearly help learning, and that about one in four countries already restricted them. - [72% of U.S. High School Teachers Say Cellphone Distraction Is a Major Problem in the Classroom](https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2024/06/12/72-percent-of-us-high-school-teachers-say-cellphone-distraction-is-a-major-problem-in-the-classroom/) (Pew Research Center, 2024, Report, Free, Teens). Short Pew survey piece: 72% of US high school teachers call phone distraction a major problem in class, far more than teachers of younger grades. Useful context for school policy debates. - [Wait Until 8th](https://www.waituntil8th.org/) (Wait Until 8th, 2017, Community, Free, Ages 8–12). Parent pledge to hold off on a smartphone until at least the end of 8th grade. It only activates when 10 families in the same grade sign, so no child is the only one without. Basic phones and watches are allowed. - [Smartphone Free Childhood](https://www.smartphonefreechildhood.org/) (Smartphone Free Childhood, 2024, Community, Free, Ages 8–12). Grassroots movement that started in the UK and spread to other countries, helping parents in the same school agree to delay smartphones together. Offers a pact, local groups and talking points. - [Phone-Free Schools Movement](https://www.phonefreeschoolsmovement.org/) (Phone-Free Schools Movement, 2023, Organization, Free, Teens). Parent-founded nonprofit that helps families and school districts adopt bell-to-bell phone-free policies, with toolkits, sample letters and a tracker of state laws. An advocacy group, so it presents the case for bans. ### Big studies & surveys - ★ [The 2025 Common Sense Census: Media Use by Kids Zero to Eight](https://www.commonsensemedia.org/research/the-2025-common-sense-census-media-use-by-kids-zero-to-eight) (Common Sense Media, 2025, Report, Free, Ages 0–5). The standard US survey of young kids' screen habits. Daily screen time held at about 2.5 hours, short-form video and gaming grew, TV fell, 40% of kids had a tablet by age 2, and nearly one in four had a phone by 8. - [The Common Sense Census: Media Use by Tweens and Teens, 2021](https://www.commonsensemedia.org/research/the-common-sense-census-media-use-by-tweens-and-teens-2021) (Common Sense Media, 2021, Report, Free, Ages 8–12). Survey of 8- to 18-year-olds: screen entertainment rose sharply during the pandemic, and online video was the favorite activity for both tweens and teens. - [Constant Companion: A Week in the Life of a Young Person's Smartphone Use](https://www.commonsensemedia.org/research/constant-companion-a-week-in-the-life-of-a-young-persons-smartphone-use) (Common Sense Media, 2023, Report, Free, Teens). Tracked real phone data from about 200 kids 11 to 17: a median of over four hours a day and hundreds of notifications, many during school and at night. Concrete numbers for school phone talks. - [How Parents Approach Their Kids' Screen Time](https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2025/10/08/how-parents-approach-their-kids-screen-time/) (Pew Research Center, 2025, Report, Free, Ages 8–12). Survey of US parents of kids 12 and under: 86% have screen rules but only 19% always stick to them, two-thirds say they use their own phone too much, and most want tech companies to do more. - [Teens, Social Media and Technology 2024](https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2024/12/12/teens-social-media-and-technology-2024/) (Pew Research Center, 2024, Report, Free, Teens). Annual survey of US teens: YouTube is used by about nine in ten, TikTok, Instagram and Snapchat follow, and nearly half say they are online almost constantly. - [Young Children's Use of Smartphones and Tablets](https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2019-3518) (Jenny Radesky et al., University of Michigan, 2020, Study, Paid, Ages 0–5). Tracked the actual tablet and phone use of about 350 preschoolers. Use ranged from minutes to hours a day, YouTube was among the most-used apps, and many kids used apps meant for adults. - [Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study](https://abcdstudy.org/) (NIH-funded consortium, 2015, Data, Free, Ages 8–12). The largest long-term US study of brain development, following nearly 12,000 children from ages 9-10 into adulthood, with detailed screen, gaming and social media measures. Source of many recent screen headlines. - [Screen Time and Early Adolescent Mental Health, Academic, and Social Outcomes in 9- and 10-Year-Old Children: Utilizing the ABCD Study](https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256591) (Paulich, Ross, Lessem & Hewitt, 2021, Study, Free, Ages 8–12). Using about 11,900 ABCD kids, more screen time went with slightly worse mental health, sleep and grades but better friendships. Effects were small, family income mattered more, and the authors say screens are unlikely to be directly harmful at this age. ## Cooking, making and the outdoors Teaching kids to cook, build, garden and roam: the life skills that no app can replace. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/hands-on ### Cooking research and feeding - ★ [Outcomes of children's cooking programs: a systematic review of intervention studies](https://resolve.cambridge.org/core/journals/proceedings-of-the-nutrition-society/article/outcomes-of-childrens-cooking-programs-a-systematic-review-of-intervention-studies/B7B726099583C0A092EC159E59F27D9F) (van der Horst et al., Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 2024, Review, Free). A review of randomized trials of kids' cooking programs. Hands-on classes reliably raised cooking skills, confidence and kids' involvement in the kitchen, but changes in what children actually ate were rare. A conference abstract of the full review. - [The Association Between Child Cooking Involvement in Food Preparation and Fruit and Vegetable Intake in a Hispanic Youth Population](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7108796) (Asigbee et al., University of Texas, 2020, Study, Free, Ages 8–12). Among about 1,200 low-income, mostly Hispanic third graders, kids who always helped cook at home liked, tried and ate more vegetables and fruit than kids who never did. A snapshot survey, so it shows a link, not cause. - [Children who cook eat more greens](https://www.nestle.com.au/en/media/children-who-cook-eat-more-greens) (Nestlé Research Center (van der Horst et al., Appetite), 2014, Article, Free, Ages 5–8). Press summary of a small lab study: 6- to 10-year-olds who helped a parent cook lunch ate more of the meal and notably more salad than kids whose parent cooked alone. Funded and run by a food company; small sample. - [Kids who cook are hungrier for healthy food choices](https://sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/06/120627103352.htm) (University of Alberta (Chu et al.), via ScienceDaily, 2012, Article, Free, Ages 8–12). News summary of a survey of fifth graders in 151 Canadian schools. Kids who helped make meals at home preferred fruits and vegetables more and felt more confident choosing healthy food. Observational, self-reported data. - [Cooking classes for kids serve up love of fruits and vegetables](https://amp.cbc.ca/news/health/cooking-classes-for-kids-serve-up-love-of-fruits-and-vegetables-1.2825943) (CBC News, Article, Free, Ages 5–8). Canadian news report on research and school cooking programs suggesting kids who cook in class become more open to fruits and vegetables. A readable entry point; the underlying studies are mostly small. - ★ [Systematic review and meta-analysis of strategies to increase vegetable consumption in preschool children aged 2-5 years](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29702128/) (Nekitsing, Hetherington et al., University of Leeds, 2018, Meta-analysis, Some free, Ages 0–5). Pooled 30 studies of ways to get preschoolers eating vegetables. Repeated tasting worked best, and the more tastes, the bigger the gain, especially for disliked or new vegetables. The authors suggest at least 8 to 10 tries. - [Repeated exposure to food and food acceptability in infants and toddlers: a systematic review](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30982874/) (Spill et al., USDA Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review, 2019, Review, Some free, Ages 0–5). Government-commissioned review for babies 4 to 24 months. Offering one food daily for about 8 to 10 days moderately raises acceptance. Some babies need fewer tries; studies were not built to find the minimum. - [Repeated taste exposure increases liking for vegetables by low-income elementary school children](https://repository.lsu.edu/nutrition_pubs/44) (Lakkakula et al., Louisiana State University, 2010, Study, Free, Ages 8–12). About 360 fourth and fifth graders tasted carrots, peas, tomatoes and peppers weekly. After eight or nine tastes, more kids said they liked vegetables they had disliked, though it worked for roughly half of them. - ★ [How To Feed Your Child: Birth Through Adolescence](https://www.ellynsatterinstitute.org/?p=37110) (Ellyn Satter Institute, Guide, Free). The source page for Ellyn Satter's Division of Responsibility: parents choose what, when and where food is served; kids decide whether and how much to eat. Widely used by dietitians to end mealtime battles. Expert framework, not a trial. - [What is the Division of Responsibility in Feeding?](https://thrive.psu.edu/blog/the-division-of-responsibility/) (Penn State Thrive, Blog, Free). Plain-language university explainer of Satter's feeding roles, with examples of what it looks like at a family table and why pressure, bribes and clean-plate rules tend to backfire. - [Ellyn Satter's Division of Responsibility in Feeding (handout)](https://eatathome.unl.edu/sites/unl.edu.cehs.eat-family-style-home/files/media/file/EllynSatterDivisionofResponsibilityinFeeding.pdf) (Ellyn Satter Institute, hosted by University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Guide, Free). A printable one-sheet of Satter's feeding roles, stage by stage from infants to teens. Handy to stick on the fridge or share with grandparents and caregivers. - [10 Tips for Parents of Picky Eaters](https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/toddler/nutrition/Pages/Picky-Eaters.aspx) (American Academy of Pediatrics (HealthyChildren.org), Guide, Free, Ages 0–5). Pediatricians' practical list: eat together without screens, skip bribes and pressure, keep offering new foods many times, pair new tastes with liked ones, and let kids help plan and cook meals. - [Kids Eat in Color](https://www.kidseatincolor.com/) (Jennifer Anderson, RDN, Organization, Free + paid, Ages 0–5). A dietitian-led site and social account on picky eating and family meals, with a free picky-eater guide and a picky eating and ARFID screener. Courses, meal plans and a book are paid. - [Solid Starts](https://solidstarts.com/) (Solid Starts, App, Free + paid, Ages 0–5). Baby-feeding resource with a free database of 500+ first foods showing how to cut and serve each one safely by age. The guided app with allergen tracking is a paid subscription after a trial. ### Teaching kids to cook - [Kitchen Tasks for Different Age Groups](https://www.mondaycampaigns.org/kids-cook-monday/kitchen-tasks-for-different-age-groups) (The Kids Cook Monday (The Monday Campaigns), Guide, Free). A clear age-by-age list of kitchen jobs, from toddlers washing produce and tearing lettuce to older kids measuring, cracking eggs and cooking on the stove. Part of a nonprofit push for a weekly family cooking night. - [Skills By Age](https://www.williams-sonoma.com/recipe/tip/skills-by-age.html) (Williams-Sonoma, Guide, Free). A retailer's tidy chart of which cooking skills fit which ages, from stirring and pouring for little ones to peeling, grating and knife work later. Useful as a checklist; it also points to tools they sell. - [Kids' kitchen tasks and chores by age](https://reviewed.com/cooking/features/kids-kitchen-tasks-and-chores-by-age) (Reviewed (USA Today Network), Article, Free). Consumer-site guide to kitchen jobs and cleanup chores matched to ages 2 to teen, with notes on how much supervision each stage needs. - [What are some tips for cooking with kids?](https://uoflhealth.org/articles/what-are-some-tips-for-cooking-with-kids/) (UofL Health, Article, Free). A hospital system's practical tips: pick simple recipes, prep ahead, choose tools sized for small hands, expect mess, and give each age a real job. - [Knife Skills 101: A Parent's Guide To Teaching Kids Safe Cutting](https://www.raddishkids.com/blogs/kitchen-basics/knife-skills-101-a-parents-guide-to-teaching-kids-safe-cutting) (Raddish Kids, Blog, Free). A step-by-step ladder from butter knives and crinkle cutters at 2 to 4, to nylon knives with hand-over-hand help, to paring and chef's knives by about 10. Covers the claw grip. Written by a company that sells kits. - [Building confidence in your junior chef: Kitchen knife skills](https://www.canr.msu.edu/news/building_confidence_in_your_junior_chef_kitchen_knife_skills) (Michigan State University Extension, Guide, Free, Ages 5–8). Extension educators explain how to start kids on knives safely: soft foods first, a stable cutting board, the bridge and claw holds, and staying close while skills grow. - [Knife Skills for Kids](https://thegingeredwhisk.com/knife-skills-for-kids/) (The Gingered Whisk (blog), Blog, Free). A parent food blogger's walk-through of teaching knife skills by age, starting with plastic knives and wavy choppers for toddlers and moving to real knives with supervision. - [Test your students' food safety knowledge by letting them have a run of the kitchen](https://www.foodsafety.gov/blog/test-your-students-food-safety-knowledge-letting-them-have-run-kitchen) (FoodSafety.gov (USDA FSIS), Guide, Free). Federal food safety blog post on letting kids cook while practicing the four steps: clean, separate, cook and chill. Points to free USDA activities for elementary, middle and high school ages. - [New guide available to help teach kids about food safety in the kitchen](https://www.foodsafetynews.com/2019/05/new-guide-available-to-help-teach-kids-about-food-safety-in-the-kitchen/) (Food Safety News, 2019, Article, Free, Ages 5–8). Trade news on a free USDA activity book for ages 6 to 10 that teaches clean, separate, cook and chill with puzzles and characters. Good pointer to government materials. - [Kitchen Safety fact sheet](https://dphhs.mt.gov/assets/ecfsd/WIC/NutritionEducation/FactSheets/kitchensafety.pdf) (Montana DPHHS WIC program, Guide, Free, Ages 0–5). A one-page state health handout on keeping young children safe while they help cook: supervision, hot surfaces, knives, handwashing and never letting a child cook alone. - [Fight BAC! Partnership for Food Safety Education](https://www.fightbac.org/) (Partnership for Food Safety Education, Organization, Free). Nonprofit coalition of educators, industry and government with free K-12 food safety lessons, kids' games, a middle school recipe activity and home tips built on clean, separate, cook and chill. - [What Makes Popcorn Pop?](https://www.americastestkitchen.com/articles/6835-what-makes-popcorn-pop) (America's Test Kitchen Kids, 2023, Article, Free, Ages 5–8). A kitchen science activity: steam builds inside each kernel until it bursts. Kids test soaked and dried kernels to see how water changes the pop. A tasty way to practice predicting and testing. ### Cooking resources and shows - [ChopChop Family](https://www.chopchopfamily.org/) (ChopChop Family (Sally Sampson), Organization, Some free, Ages 5–8). Nonprofit behind ChopChop, a James Beard award-winning cooking magazine for families in English and Spanish, often handed out by pediatricians. Simple, affordable recipes kids can make with little help. - [ChopChop (magazine)](https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/ChopChop) (Wikipedia, Article, Free, Ages 5–8). Background on ChopChop, the quarterly kids' cooking magazine founded by Sally Sampson, its nonprofit model, pediatrician distribution and awards. - [The ChopChop Family Cookbook: Real Food to Cook and Eat Together](https://www.schoollibraryjournal.com/review/the-chopchop-family-cookbook-real-food-to-cook-and-eat-together) (School Library Journal review of Sally Sampson (Storey), 2023, Book, Paid, Ages 5–8). Librarian review of the beginner family cookbook from the ChopChop team: colorful, step-by-step recipes meant to be cooked together by kids and adults. - [Teach kids cooking (Here & Now)](https://www.wbur.org/hereandnow/2013/08/14/teach-kids-cooking) (WBUR Here & Now, 2013, Podcast, Free, Ages 5–8). Public radio segment with ChopChop founder Sally Sampson on why teaching kids to cook beats lecturing them about nutrition, plus easy starter recipes. - [ATK Kids](https://www.americastestkitchen.com/kids) (America's Test Kitchen, Organization, Free + paid, Ages 8–12). America's Test Kitchen's kids section: kid-tested recipes, kitchen science activities, and a paid Young Chefs Club box. Their Complete Cookbook for Young Chefs is a popular, well-tested pick for ages 8 to 13. - [Recipes for Kids & Families](https://www.americastestkitchen.com/collections/recipes-for-kids-families) (America's Test Kitchen Kids, Tool, Free + paid, Ages 8–12). A browsable collection of family recipes developed by ATK test cooks and rated by a panel of kid testers. Some ATK content sits behind a membership. - [Kids Recipes with Videos](https://www.americastestkitchen.com/collections/kids-recipes-videos) (America's Test Kitchen Kids, Video, Free + paid, Ages 8–12). Kid-friendly recipes paired with short how-to videos, useful for visual learners who want to watch a step before trying it. - [Kids Cook Real Food (Raising Healthy Families)](https://raisinghealthyfamilies.com/) (Katie Kimball, 2016, Course, Paid). Paid self-paced video cooking course for ages 2 to 12 from a former teacher, organized in skill levels from spreading and peeling to knives and stove work. Its old domain now redirects here; free knife-skills preview. - [Order Up! A Conversation with Katie Kimball, founder of Kids Cook Real Food](https://onepotato.substack.com/p/interview-with-katie-kimball) (One Potato (Substack), Article, Free). Interview with the creator of Kids Cook Real Food on why she built a skills-based course, how kids progress, and how parents can step back. - [Raddish Kids Cooking Subscription Box](https://www.raddishkids.com/products/monthly-kids-cooking-subscription-box) (Raddish, Tool, Paid, Ages 5–8). Monthly cooking club kit with three illustrated recipe guides, a real kitchen tool, a skill lesson and a shopping list, for ages about 4 to 14. Cooking, baking and global food clubs; paid subscription. - [Raddish Cooking Club for Kids (review)](https://www.cathyduffyreviews.com/homeschool-extras/electives/raddish-cooking-club-for-kids) (Cathy Duffy Reviews, Article, Free, Ages 5–8). An independent homeschool curriculum reviewer's look at Raddish: what comes in a box, how it teaches skills, and how it fits home learning. - [Jamie Oliver's 10 Cooking Skills for Life (USA)](https://10skills.jamieoliver.com/usa) (Jamie Oliver Group, Course, Free, Teens). Free lesson plans, recipes and videos built around ten core cooking skills like knife work, measuring and making a sauce. Made for schools but usable at home with older kids. - [Jamie Oliver's 10 Skills Primary](https://schools.jamieoliver.com/primary) (Jamie Oliver Group, Course, Free, Ages 5–8). UK primary-school version with skill-building recipes for ages about 4 to 11, lesson plans linked to science and math, and parent packs. - [Teach every child about food](https://www.ted.com/talks/jamie_oliver_teach_every_child_about_food) (Jamie Oliver, TED, 2010, Video, Free). Jamie Oliver's TED Prize talk arguing that every child should learn to cook and understand food, drawing on his school-food work in West Virginia. A famous, passionate pitch rather than a research summary. - [Good Food: Recipes for Kids](https://www.penguin.co.uk/books/401420/good-food-recipes-for-kids-by-angela-nilsen-and-jeni-wright/9781409072508) (Angela Nilsen and Jeni Wright, BBC Books, Book, Paid). A BBC Good Food cookbook of triple-tested, quick family recipes with nutrition notes for each one. Older, but a reliable UK pick. - [Food Network Magazine The Big, Fun Kids Cookbook](https://www.publishersweekly.com/9781950785049) (Editors of Food Network Magazine, Book, Paid, Ages 8–12). More than 150 recipes for young cooks plus food trivia and games. Many recipes suit ages 8 to 12 with light supervision; a few need an adult. - [Cooking with Kids: Best Sites and Videos for Young Home Chefs and Their Grown-ups](https://slj.com/story/cooking-with-kids-best-sites-videos-for-young-home-chefs-covid-19) (School Library Journal, 2020, Article, Free). Librarians' roundup of cooking websites and video channels for families, from ATK Kids to Food Network, sorted with notes on what each does well. - [The Best Cooking Channels on YouTube](https://www.purewow.com/food/best-cooking-channels-on-youtube) (PureWow, Article, Free). A list of cooking YouTube channels including family-friendly picks such as Nerdy Nummies, where character-themed baking can pull reluctant kids into the kitchen. Check recent videos before sharing. - [Waffles + Mochi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waffles_%2B_Mochi) (Higher Ground Productions (Michelle Obama), Netflix, 2021, Film or show, Paid, Ages 5–8). A Netflix puppet series where two friends who dream of being chefs travel to learn about foods like potatoes, salt and tomatoes, with real chefs and kids. Good for curious preschool and early grade viewers. - [MasterChef Junior](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MasterChef_Junior) (Fox, 2013, Film or show, Paid, Ages 8–12). Cooking competition where 8- to 13-year-olds cook restaurant-level dishes, aired 2013 to 2024. Inspiring for some kids; the pressure and eliminations are TV, not how home cooking needs to feel. - [Kids Baking Championship](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kids_Baking_Championship) (Food Network, 2015, Film or show, Paid, Ages 8–12). Long-running Food Network baking contest for kids about 8 to 13, hosted by Duff Goldman. Many families watch it together and then bake a challenge at home. ### Gardening - ★ [KidsGardening](https://kidsgardening.org/) (KidsGardening (nonprofit), Organization, Free). The main U.S. nonprofit for gardening with kids: free activities, lesson plans, growing guides, Spanish materials and a newsletter, plus grants for school and community gardens. - [Why Garden With Kids?](https://kidsgardening.org/why-garden-with-kids/) (KidsGardening, Guide, Free). A summary of the benefits of youth gardening, from eating more produce to science learning and well-being, with links to the studies behind each claim. Some figures come from the group's own surveys. - [Increasing Fruit and Vegetable Intake among Children and Youth through Gardening-Based Interventions: A Systematic Review](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27964852/) (Savoie-Roskos, Wengreen and Durward, Utah State University, 2016, Review, Some free). Reviews garden programs for kids and finds most raised fruit and vegetable intake or willingness to try them, though study quality varied. Gardening seems to work best when paired with nutrition lessons and tasting. - [The effects of school garden experiences on middle school-aged students' knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors associated with vegetable consumption](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19846682/) (Ratcliffe et al., 2011, Study, Some free, Ages 8–12). Middle schoolers who took part in a school garden program tried more vegetables and liked them more than comparison students. An often-cited early study; not randomized. - [The Child in the Garden: An Evaluative Review of the Benefits of School Gardening](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.3200/JOEE.40.2.15-38) (Dorothy Blair, Journal of Environmental Education, 2009, Review, Paid). A widely cited review of school gardening studies that found positive links to science learning, food attitudes and school behavior, while noting many studies were weak. Paywalled. - [The Edible Schoolyard Project](https://edibleschoolyard.org/) (The Edible Schoolyard Project (Alice Waters), Organization, Free, Ages 8–12). Founded at a Berkeley middle school, this program weaves gardening and cooking into school subjects. Its site shares free curricula, a resource library and a map of edible education programs. - [Life Lab](https://lifelab.org/) (Life Lab (Santa Cruz, CA), 1979, Organization, Some free, Ages 5–8). A nonprofit doing garden-based science education since 1979, with garden curricula, activity ideas and training for educators. Many activities work in a backyard or a few pots. - [FoodCorps](https://foodcorps.org/) (FoodCorps, 2011, Organization, Free, Ages 5–8). National nonprofit that places service members in schools to teach hands-on food and garden lessons and improve school meals. Useful if you want to push for food education at your child's school. - [RHS Campaign for School Gardening](https://www.rhs.org.uk/education-learning/school-gardening) (Royal Horticultural Society (UK), Organization, Free, Ages 5–8). UK charity program with free gardening lesson plans, activity ideas, teacher training and a school gardening award scheme. Many resources work just as well for families. - [A guerrilla gardener in South Central LA](https://www.ted.com/talks/ron_finley_a_guerrilla_gardener_in_south_central_la) (Ron Finley, TED, 2013, Video, Free, Teens). Ron Finley explains why he planted vegetables on vacant strips in his LA neighborhood. A lively talk to watch with older kids about growing food, community and fast food. ### Chores, money and life skills - [How to raise successful kids -- without over-parenting](https://www.ted.com/talks/julie_lythcott_haims_how_to_raise_successful_kids_without_over_parenting) (Julie Lythcott-Haims, TED, 2015, Video, Free). Former Stanford dean of freshmen argues that over-managed kids miss out on real-life skills. She urges parents to stop defining success by grades and give children chores and room to do things themselves. - [What Is Montessori?](https://amshq.org/about-montessori/press-kit/what-is-montessori/) (American Montessori Society, Guide, Free, Ages 0–5). Overview of the Montessori approach, including its focus on care of self, others and the environment. Montessori's practical life work (pouring, sweeping, food prep) is the root of many home chore ideas. - ★ [Money as You Grow](https://www.consumerfinance.gov/consumer-tools/money-as-you-grow/) (Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, Guide, Free). Free U.S. government guide to age-by-age money milestones with simple activities for preschoolers through teens: waiting for things, saving, spending choices and talking about money. - [Money as You Grow Bookshelf](https://www.consumerfinance.gov/consumer-tools/money-as-you-grow/bookshelf/) (Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, Guide, Free, Ages 5–8). A list of picture books and chapter books with discussion guides so parents can slip money ideas like saving, sharing and trade-offs into story time. - [Building Blocks to Help Youth Achieve Financial Capability](https://www.consumerfinance.gov/data-research/research-reports/building-blocks-help-youth-achieve-financial-capability/) (Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, 2016, Report, Free). Government research report on when money skills form. It argues basic habits like planning and delayed gratification start in the preschool years, long before kids handle real money. - [The Opposite of Spoiled](https://www.ronlieber.com/) (Ron Lieber, 2015, Book, Paid). A New York Times money columnist's book on allowances, chores, work and giving. Practical case for talking openly with kids about money so they grow up grounded and generous. - [Wisdom of the Hands](https://wisdomofhands.blogspot.com/) (Doug Stowe, Blog, Free). A long-running blog by a woodworker who taught woodworking to children at an Arkansas school for years. Thoughtful posts on why hand skills matter for learning and how to start kids with real tools. ### Making and tinkering - ★ [Tinkering Studio](https://www.exploratorium.edu/tinkering) (Exploratorium, San Francisco, Organization, Free). The science museum's tinkering lab shares free project guides like chain reactions, scribbling machines and light play, built on open-ended making with everyday materials. A model for maker learning worldwide. - [Maker Ed (Maker Education Initiative)](https://makered.org/) (Maker Education Initiative, Organization, Free). Nonprofit that supports making in schools and community spaces, with a resource library of activities and guides, a newsletter, and a directory of maker-focused schools. - [Science Buddies](https://www.sciencebuddies.org/) (Science Buddies (nonprofit), Tool, Free). Large free library of science project and activity ideas for K-12, searchable by grade and interest, including many kitchen and backyard experiments. Long a go-to for science fair help. - [NASA Space Place](https://spaceplace.nasa.gov/) (NASA, Tool, Free, Ages 5–8). NASA's kids site with space and Earth science explainers, games, crafts and hands-on activities, plus a monthly skywatching guide. Ad-free and trustworthy. - [NASA Kids' Club](https://www.nasa.gov/kidsclub/) (NASA, Game, Free, Ages 5–8). Simple NASA games and photos for preschool through fourth grade, with a chance to learn about astronauts and missions. - [KiwiCo](https://www.kiwico.com/) (KiwiCo, Tool, Paid). Subscription crates of hands-on science, art and engineering projects, in lines from babies to adults (Panda through Eureka). Popular and well made; a paid product, and kits are more guided than open-ended. - [Design Squad](https://pbskids.org/designsquad/) (PBS KIDS (NSF-funded), Video, Free, Ages 8–12). PBS engineering series with videos on how things work and real engineers, plus build challenges using cheap materials. Good for ages about 8 to 12. - [Make:](https://www.makezine.com/) (Make: Community, Organization, Free + paid, Ages 8–12). The magazine of the maker movement, with tutorials, reviews and a Young Maker projects section that links to Maker Camp's free project library. - [Instructables](https://www.instructables.com/) (Instructables (Autodesk), Community, Free, Ages 8–12). Huge community site of step-by-step how-to projects, from cardboard builds and sewing to woodworking and cooking. Quality varies; preview projects for kids, and comments are open. - [5 dangerous things you should let your kids do](https://www.ted.com/talks/gever_tulley_5_dangerous_things_you_should_let_your_kids_do) (Gever Tulley, TED, 2007, Video, Free). The founder of Tinkering School argues that a measured dose of danger, like using a pocketknife or tools, teaches kids judgment and competence. Short, funny and still widely shared. ### Outdoors and nature - ★ [Last Child in the Woods](https://richardlouv.com/books/last-child/) (Richard Louv, 2005, Book, Paid). The book that coined nature-deficit disorder and sparked a movement to get kids outdoors. Louv links less time in nature to kids' health and attention, with ideas for families and schools. A persuasive argument, not a study. - [Children & Nature Network](https://www.childrenandnature.org/) (Children & Nature Network, Organization, Free). Nonprofit co-founded by Richard Louv that pushes for every child to have access to nature. Offers a family outdoor toolkit, research digests and infographics on nature's benefits. - [Children & Nature Network Research Library](https://research.childrenandnature.org/) (Children & Nature Network, Data, Free). A free searchable library summarizing more than 1,400 peer-reviewed studies on nature and children, filterable by outcome, age and method. A strong place to check claims about outdoor time. - [Research Digest: The Benefits of Green Schoolyards](https://www.childrenandnature.org/resources/research-digest-the-benefits-of-green-schoolyards/) (Children & Nature Network, 2022, Review, Free). Summary of studies suggesting greener schoolyards and outdoor lessons can raise activity, help mood and social skills, and improve engagement with learning. - [1000 Hours Outside](https://www.1000hoursoutside.com/) (Ginny Yurich, Community, Free + paid). A popular challenge to spend 1,000 hours outdoors in a year, about 2.7 hours a day, with free tracking sheets, an app and a big online community. A for-profit company; the goal is motivational, not research-derived. - [The 1000 Hours Outside Podcast](https://www.1000hoursoutside.com/podcast) (Ginny Yurich, Podcast, Free). Weekly interviews with doctors, occupational therapists, authors and adventurers about outdoor time, free play and childhoods with less screen time. Upbeat and advocacy-minded rather than neutral. - ★ [Effect of Time Spent Outdoors at School on the Development of Myopia Among Children in China: A Randomized Clinical Trial](https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2441261) (He et al., JAMA, 2015, Study, Some free, Ages 5–8). Adding one 40-minute outdoor class each school day for first graders in Guangzhou cut new nearsightedness over three years from about 40% to 30%. One of the clearest trials showing outdoor time has a physical health payoff. - ★ [What is the Relationship between Risky Outdoor Play and Health in Children? A Systematic Review](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4483710/) (Brussoni et al., IJERPH, 2015, Review, Free). Review of 21 papers finding that risky outdoor play, like climbing heights and roaming, was mostly good for kids, linked to more physical activity and social skills. The evidence was limited and mostly low quality. - [Outside Play Parent Tool](https://outsideplay.org/) (Outside Play Lab, University of British Columbia (Mariana Brussoni), Tool, Free). A free online exercise from a university research team that helps parents reflect on their fears and build comfort letting kids play outdoors with some risk. Tested in a trial by the same lab. - [What is Forest School?](https://forestschoolassociation.org/what-is-forest-school/) (Forest School Association (UK), Guide, Free). The UK professional body explains forest school's six principles: regular, long-term sessions in woods, trained leaders, and learner-led play with supported risk to build confidence and independence. - [Become a Junior Ranger](https://www.nps.gov/kids/become-a-junior-ranger.htm) (U.S. National Park Service, Tool, Free, Ages 5–8). Free activity booklets at hundreds of national parks. Kids explore, finish activities, take a pledge and earn a badge. An easy way to turn a park visit into a learning quest. - [TimberNook](https://www.timbernook.com/) (TimberNook (Angela Hanscom), Organization, Paid, Ages 5–8). Nature-based programs built on long stretches of child-led outdoor play, started by a pediatric occupational therapist and author of Balanced and Barefoot. Paid camps and provider training. ### Free play and independence - ★ [Let Grow](https://letgrow.org/) (Let Grow (Lenore Skenazy, Peter Gray, Jonathan Haidt), Organization, Free). Nonprofit that makes it easier to give kids independence: free family pledges, a Play Club guide for schools, articles on safety myths, and state-by-state information on independence laws. - [The Let Grow Experience](https://letgrow.org/program/the-let-grow-project/) (Let Grow, Course, Free, Ages 5–8). Free school and family program: kids get homework to do something new on their own, like walking to a store or cooking dinner, then talk about it. Available in Spanish. - [Free-Range Kids](https://www.freerangekids.com/) (Lenore Skenazy, 2008, Blog, Free). Skenazy's blog, started after she let her 9-year-old ride the New York subway alone and was called America's worst mom. Pushes back on fear-driven parenting; also a 2009 book. Opinionated advocacy. - ★ [Play Makes Us Human](https://petergray.substack.com/) (Peter Gray, Boston College, Newsletter, Free + paid). Research psychologist Peter Gray's newsletter on play, self-directed learning and children's freedom, including his argument that less independent play has fed rising child anxiety. A leading voice, though some claims are debated. - [Free to Learn](https://letgrow.org/book/free-to-learn/) (Peter Gray, 2013, Book, Paid). Gray's book argues kids learn best when they have time to play and pursue their own interests, drawing on hunter-gatherer childhood and democratic schools. Influential, and it leans on the author's own views. - [Old Enough!](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Enough!) (Nippon TV, on Netflix, 1991, Film or show, Paid, Ages 0–5). Japanese reality show, on Netflix in English, where 3- to 6-year-olds run their first errand alone while a hidden crew follows. Charming, and sparks talk about how much independence kids can handle. ### Arts, music and boredom - [How boredom can lead to your most brilliant ideas](https://www.ted.com/talks/manoush_zomorodi_how_boredom_can_lead_to_your_most_brilliant_ideas) (Manoush Zomorodi, TED, 2017, Video, Free). A journalist explains why letting the mind wander during dull moments helps creative thinking, and why constant phone use can crowd it out. Useful framing for parents who feel they must fill every quiet minute. - ★ [Cognitive and academic benefits of music training with children: A multilevel meta-analysis](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7683441/) (Sala and Gobet, Memory & Cognition, 2020, Meta-analysis, Free). Pooled studies of music lessons and kids' thinking or grades. Once study quality is accounted for, the boost to IQ or school skills is about zero. Others dispute this; music is still worth it for its own sake. - [Two Randomized Trials Provide No Consistent Evidence for Nonmusical Cognitive Benefits of Brief Preschool Music Enrichment](https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0082007) (Mehr, Schachner, Katz and Spelke, Harvard, 2013, Study, Free, Ages 0–5). Two small randomized trials of preschool music classes found no consistent gains on spatial, language or number tests compared with art classes or nothing. A careful check on the idea that music makes kids smarter. - [Brainvolts (Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory)](https://brainvolts.northwestern.edu/) (Nina Kraus, Northwestern University, Organization, Free). Lab studying how the brain processes sound, including how music training may sharpen the brain's response to speech. Represents the more positive side of the music debate; its findings are correlational or small trials. - [How playing an instrument benefits your brain](https://www.ted.com/talks/anita_collins_how_playing_an_instrument_benefits_your_brain) (Anita Collins, TED-Ed, 2014, Video, Free, Ages 8–12). A popular animated lesson on how playing an instrument engages many brain areas at once. Fun to watch with kids, but it presents the benefits more confidently than the latest meta-analyses support. - [New evidence of the benefits of arts education](https://www.brookings.edu/articles/new-evidence-of-the-benefits-of-arts-education/) (Kisida and Bowen, Brookings, 2019, Study, Free, Ages 8–12). A randomized trial of expanded arts programs in 42 Houston schools: fewer discipline problems, better writing scores and more compassion, but no clear change in math, reading or science. - [Art for Kids Hub](https://www.artforkidshub.com/) (Rob and family, Video, Free + paid, Ages 5–8). Thousands of free step-by-step drawing lessons in which a dad draws alongside his kids, on YouTube and the site with ads. An ad-free membership is paid. - [Tate Kids](https://www.tate.org.uk/kids) (Tate (UK), Tool, Free, Ages 5–8). The Tate museums' kids site with art-making ideas, quizzes, games and short videos about artists, plus a gallery of kids' art made with its paint tool. ## Growing minds: motivation and play Play, talk, sleep, praise, rewards and mindset: what helps children want to learn. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/development ### Early talk and brain building - ★ [Serve and Return: Back-and-forth exchanges](https://developingchild.harvard.edu/science/key-concepts/serve-and-return/) (Center on the Developing Child, Harvard, Guide, Free, Ages 0–5). The plain-English explainer behind the phrase parents hear everywhere: a baby babbles or points, an adult responds, and that loop helps wire the brain. Also covers why stressed caregivers find it harder and what helps. - [How-to: 5 Steps for Brain-Building Serve and Return](https://developingchild.harvard.edu/resources/5-steps-for-brain-building-serve-and-return/) (Center on the Developing Child, Harvard, 2019, Video, Free, Ages 0–5). A short how-to video breaking serve and return into five steps (notice, respond, name it, take turns, practice endings) with real caregivers and toddlers. The quickest practical starting point for new parents and grandparents. - [Brain Architecture: An ongoing process that begins before birth](https://developingchild.harvard.edu/science/key-concepts/brain-architecture/) (Center on the Developing Child, Harvard, Guide, Free, Ages 0–5). Explains how simple brain connections form first and complex skills build on top of them, why the early years are busy but not the only window, and how relationships and lower stress support healthy wiring. - [The Brain Architects Podcast: Serve and Return: Supporting the Foundation](https://developingchild.harvard.edu/resources/podcasts/the-brain-architects-podcast-serve-and-return-supporting-the-foundation) (Center on the Developing Child, Harvard, 2020, Podcast, Free). Jack Shonkoff and a panel talk through serve and return in everyday life. A reassuring point for busy parents: you do not need constant engagement, small moments in the car or at dinner count, and it matters for teens too. - ★ [Beyond the 30-Million-Word Gap: Children's Conversational Exposure Is Associated With Language-Related Brain Function](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5945324/) (Romeo et al., MIT and Harvard, 2018, Study, Free, Ages 0–5). The MIT study that shifted the focus from word counts to conversation. In 36 kids aged 4 to 6, back-and-forth turns with adults, not raw words heard, tracked with language-area brain activity and verbal scores. Small and correlational. - [Language Exposure Relates to Structural Neural Connectivity in Childhood](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6125810/) (Romeo et al., MIT, 2018, Study, Free, Ages 0–5). Companion study to the MIT conversation paper: children who had more conversational turns at home showed stronger white-matter pathways near the brain's language areas, regardless of family income. Same small sample, so read it as a link, not proof of cause. - [Neuroplasticity associated with changes in conversational turn-taking following a family-based intervention](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2021.100967) (Romeo et al., 2021, Study, Free, Ages 0–5). A follow-up that coached families on talking with their kids. Children whose back-and-forth talk increased showed related changes in language-area brain structure. An important step toward cause and effect, though the sample was small. - [Back-and-forth exchanges boost children's brain response to language](https://news.mit.edu/2018/conversation-boost-childrens-brain-response-language-0214) (MIT News, 2018, Article, Free, Ages 0–5). A readable news write-up of the Romeo conversational-turns study, with quotes from the researchers on why talking with a child may matter more than talking at them. - [The power of talking with children](https://www.technologyreview.com/2018/04/25/143300/the-power-of-talking-with-children/) (MIT Technology Review, 2018, Article, Free + paid, Ages 0–5). A magazine feature on the conversational-turns research and what it suggests parents do differently: ask, wait, and answer rather than narrate at a child. - [Language Experience in the Second Year of Life Predicts Language Outcomes in Late Childhood](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6192025/) (Gilkerson et al., Pediatrics, 2018, Study, Free, Ages 0–5). Recorded 146 toddlers' home talk and followed them for about ten years. Conversational turns at 18 to 24 months predicted later IQ and vocabulary even after accounting for family income. Lead authors worked for LENA, which makes the recorder. - [The Early Catastrophe: The 30 Million Word Gap by Age 3](https://www.aft.org/periodical/american-educator/spring-2003/early-catastrophe) (Betty Hart and Todd Risley, 2003, Article, Free, Ages 0–5). The authors' own summary of the famous study of 42 Kansas families that produced the '30 million words' figure. A classic worth reading in the original, alongside the critiques of its small sample and narrow way of counting words. - [Reexamining the Verbal Environments of Children From Different Socioeconomic Backgrounds](https://srcd.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/cdev.13072) (Sperry, Sperry and Miller, Child Development, 2018, Study, Paid, Ages 0–5). The main challenge to the word gap. Recording homes in five communities and counting talk from all caregivers and nearby conversation, the authors found no consistent income gap in words heard. Paywalled. - [Language Matters: Denying the Existence of the 30-Million-Word Gap Has Serious Consequences](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10370358/) (Golinkoff, Hoff, Rowe, Tamis-LeMonda and Hirsh-Pasek, 2018, Article, Free, Ages 0–5). Five leading language researchers reply to Sperry et al., arguing that talk aimed directly at a child, not overheard speech, drives learning and that the income gap is real. Read it with the Sperry paper to see both sides. - [Are Poor Kids Really Behind by 30 Million Words? A Debate Rages as New Research Questions One of Early Childhood's Premier Studies](https://www.the74million.org/article/are-poor-kids-really-behind-by-30-million-words-a-debate-rages-as-new-research-questions-one-of-early-childhoods-premier-studies-and-researchers-say-its-more-complicated/) (The 74, 2018, Article, Free, Ages 0–5). Balanced journalism on the word-gap fight, laying out what the original study claimed, what the replication found, and why researchers on both sides still agree that back-and-forth talk with kids matters. - [Let's stop talking about the '30 million word gap'](https://whyy.org/npr-story/lets-stop-talking-about-the-30-million-word-gap/) (NPR (via WHYY), 2018, Article, Free, Ages 0–5). NPR's report on the Sperry replication and why some researchers want to retire the phrase. Useful for parents who heard the statistic and wonder whether it still holds. - [Defending the 30 million word gap: Disadvantaged children don't hear enough child-directed words](https://www.brookings.edu/articles/defending-the-30-million-word-gap-disadvantaged-children-dont-hear-enough-child-directed-words/) (Brookings Institution, 2018, Article, Free, Ages 0–5). The other side in plain language: an argument that talk aimed at the child is what counts and that dropping the word-gap idea could hurt efforts to support low-income families. - [Don't Dismiss That 30 Million-Word Gap Quite So Fast](https://www.educationnext.org/dont-dismiss-30-million-word-gap-quite-fast/) (Education Next, Article, Free, Ages 0–5). A commentary noting that several other studies did find income-linked differences in early talk, and that one failed replication without a high-income sample does not settle the question. - [066: Is the 30 Million Word Gap real?](https://yourparentingmojo.com/wordgap/) (Your Parenting Mojo (Jen Lumanlan), Podcast, Free, Ages 0–5). A research-heavy parenting podcast episode that walks through Hart and Risley, the Sperry critique and what the debate means for ordinary family talk at home. - [Word gap](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_gap) (Wikipedia, Article, Free, Ages 0–5). A quick reference on where the 'word gap' idea came from, how it shaped policy, and the main replications and critiques, with links to the underlying papers. - [LENA](https://www.lena.org/) (LENA (nonprofit), Organization, Some free, Ages 0–5). The nonprofit behind the 'talk pedometer,' a small recorder a child wears that counts adult words and conversational turns. Used in research and in programs for child care teachers; most of its outcome claims come from its own studies. - [New Research Sheds Light on the Importance of Conversational Turns](https://www.lena.org/resources/blog-posts/conversational-turns-research/) (LENA, 2018, Blog, Free, Ages 0–5). LENA's own summary of the conversational-turns research. Handy as a digest, but note it is written by the organization whose device measures turns. - [Deploying the power of talk for toddlers reaps academic and social rewards as they become adolescents](https://the74million.org/2020/09/deploying-the-power-of-talk-for-toddlers-reaps-academic-and-social-rewards-as-they-become-adolescents/) (The 74, 2020, Article, Free, Ages 0–5). A news piece on long-term follow-ups linking early back-and-forth talk to later skills, and on programs that use LENA recorders to coach parents and teachers. - [Nebraska Head Starts use vests with 'talk pedometers' to boost early literacy](https://www.wowt.com/2026/09/14/nebraska-head-starts-use-vests-with-talk-pedometers-boost-early-literacy/) (WOWT (Omaha), 2026, Article, Free, Ages 0–5). A 2026 local news report on Head Start classrooms using wearable talk counters to help teachers have more back-and-forth conversations with young children. Shows how the research is being used in practice. - [TMW Center for Early Learning + Public Health](https://tmwcenter.uchicago.edu/) (University of Chicago (Dana Suskind), Organization, Free, Ages 0–5). The University of Chicago center behind the '3Ts' (tune in, talk more, take turns), a simple habit framework for everyday talk with babies and toddlers, plus free parent programs and research. - [How every child can thrive by five](https://www.ted.com/talks/molly_wright_how_every_child_can_thrive_by_five) (Molly Wright, TED, 2021, Video, Free, Ages 0–5). A 7-year-old explains serve and return to adults, with demonstrations of peek-a-boo and responsive play. A memorable, short way to share the science with family members. - [The linguistic genius of babies](https://www.ted.com/talks/patricia_kuhl_the_linguistic_genius_of_babies) (Patricia Kuhl, TED, 2010, Video, Free, Ages 0–5). A University of Washington researcher shows how babies learn the sounds of language, and why a live person talking to them works where a recording does not. - [Resources for Families: Supporting Your Child's Growth](https://www.zerotothree.org/resources/services/zero-to-three-parent-resources) (ZERO TO THREE, Organization, Free, Ages 0–5). The main U.S. nonprofit for babies and toddlers. Free guides on milestones, tantrums, biting, play, early language and screen use from birth to age three, in English and Spanish. ### Play and guided play - [Learning through Play: a review of the evidence](https://humanities.uct.ac.za/media/316884) (Zosh et al., The LEGO Foundation, 2017, Review, Free, Ages 0–5). An influential white paper describing five features of playful learning: joyful, meaningful, actively engaging, iterative and socially interactive. A good overview, but funded and published by the LEGO Foundation. - [What we mean by: Learning through play](https://cms.learningthroughplay.com/media/vd5fiurk/what-we-mean-by-learning-through-play.pdf) (The LEGO Foundation, 2017, Report, Free). A short companion paper defining playful learning and the range from free play to guided play to games. The LEGO Foundation has since shifted its public focus, and its old learning-through-play site now redirects to its main page. - [Guided Play: Where Curricular Goals Meet a Playful Pedagogy](https://doi.org/10.1111/mbe.12015) (Weisberg, Hirsh-Pasek and Golinkoff, 2013, Article, Paid, Ages 0–5). The paper that named 'guided play': the child leads, but an adult sets up the space and gently steers toward a learning goal. Argues it beats both pure free play and drills for many early skills. Paywalled. - [Guided Play: Principles and Practices](https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0963721416645512) (Weisberg, Hirsh-Pasek, Golinkoff, Kittredge and Klahr, 2016, Review, Paid, Ages 0–5). A short, readable research summary of guided play with concrete moves for adults: prepare the materials, play alongside, comment on discoveries and ask open questions rather than lecture. - ★ [Can guidance during play enhance children's learning and development in educational contexts? A systematic review and meta-analysis](https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1810/331609/Child%20Development%20-%202022%20-%20Skene%20-%20Can%20guidance%20during%20play%20enhance%20children%20s%20learning%20and%20development%20in%20educational.pdf?sequence=4) (Skene et al., Child Development, 2022, Meta-analysis, Free, Ages 0–5). Pooled studies of about 3,900 children aged 1 to 8. Guided play beat direct instruction on early math, shapes and task switching, and beat free play on spatial words. Evidence was thin for literacy. LEGO Foundation funded. - [Does all play and no work make Jack a smart boy?](https://fordhaminstitute.org/national/commentary/does-all-play-and-no-work-make-jack-smart-boy) (Thomas B. Fordham Institute, 2022, Article, Free, Ages 0–5). A skeptical read of the 2022 guided-play meta-analysis, pointing out small effects, mixed study quality and weak evidence for reading. A useful counterweight to enthusiastic coverage. - [Becoming Brilliant](https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-author-speaks/201608/becoming-brilliant) (Psychology Today (interview with Golinkoff and Hirsh-Pasek), 2016, Article, Free). An interview about the authors' book 'Becoming Brilliant,' which argues that school success needs six Cs: collaboration, communication, content, critical thinking, creative innovation and confidence, built largely through play and conversation. - [The Power of Play: A Pediatric Role in Enhancing Development in Young Children](https://publications.aap.org/pediatrics/article/142/3/e20182058/38649/The-Power-of-Play-A-Pediatric-Role-in-Enhancing) (Yogman et al., American Academy of Pediatrics, 2018, Guide, Free, Ages 0–5). The pediatricians' official report on play. It says play builds executive function, language and stress resilience, and even suggests doctors 'prescribe' play at checkups. Authoritative and widely cited. - [Playful Learning Landscapes](https://playfullearninglandscapes.com/) (Playful Learning Landscapes (nonprofit), Organization, Free, Ages 0–5). Turns bus stops, sidewalks and parks into learning games for families, based on guided-play research from Hirsh-Pasek and colleagues. Fun ideas for parents who want learning woven into ordinary errands. ### Motivation and rewards - [Theory - Self-Determination Theory](https://selfdeterminationtheory.org/theory/) (Center for Self-Determination Theory (Ryan and Deci), Organization, Free). Home of the most-tested theory of motivation. Kids stay motivated when three needs are met: autonomy (some choice), competence (feeling able) and relatedness (feeling connected). Free papers on parenting and school. - [Self-Determination Theory and the Facilitation of Intrinsic Motivation, Social Development, and Well-Being](https://selfdeterminationtheory.org/SDT/documents/2000_RyanDeci_SDT.pdf) (Ryan and Deci, American Psychologist, 2000, Review, Free). The classic, free summary of self-determination theory. Explains why control and pressure tend to sap motivation while support for choice, skill and connection grows it, with examples from school and home. - [Undermining children's intrinsic interest with extrinsic reward: A test of the "overjustification" hypothesis](https://doi.org/10.1037/h0035519) (Lepper, Greene and Nisbett, 1973, Study, Paid, Ages 0–5). The famous marker study. Preschoolers who already loved drawing and were promised a 'Good Player' award later drew less on their own than kids who got no reward or a surprise one. The root of the overjustification effect. Paywalled. - ★ [A Meta-Analytic Review of Experiments Examining the Effects of Extrinsic Rewards on Intrinsic Motivation](https://depts.washington.edu/techdocs/papers/deciExtrinsicRewardsAndIntrinsicMotivation99.pdf) (Deci, Koestner and Ryan, 1999, Meta-analysis, Free). Pooled 128 experiments. Expected, tangible rewards for doing a task tended to lower later free-choice interest, more so in children than in college students. Surprise rewards and informative praise did not. Still debated, but the key paper on sticker charts. - [Extrinsic Rewards and Intrinsic Motivation in Education: Reconsidered Once Again](https://www.selfdeterminationtheory.org/SDT/documents/2001_DeciKoestnerRyan.pdf) (Deci, Koestner and Ryan, Review of Educational Research, 2001, Review, Free). The same authors translate their meta-analysis for teachers: when rewards backfire in classrooms, when they are harmless, and how to give feedback that informs rather than controls. - [Reinforcement, Reward, and Intrinsic Motivation: A Meta-Analysis](https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543064003363) (Cameron and Pierce, 1994, Meta-analysis, Paid). The main counterpoint: this review found rewards did little overall harm to motivation and that verbal praise raised it. Deci and colleagues later disputed its methods. Worth knowing the debate is real. Paywalled. - [Extrinsic rewards undermine altruistic tendencies in 20-month-olds](https://doi.org/10.1037/a0013860) (Warneken and Tomasello, 2008, Study, Paid, Ages 0–5). Toddlers who were given a toy for helping an adult helped less later on than toddlers who got praise or nothing, suggesting even very young kids' natural helpfulness can be crowded out by rewards. Small lab study. - [Punished by Rewards](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punished_by_Rewards) (Alfie Kohn, 1993, Book, Paid). Kohn's well-known argument that gold stars, grades, praise and incentive plans work like punishments: they buy short-term compliance and erode interest. Persuasive and widely read, though more one-sided than the research. Updated edition with new afterword. - [Five Reasons to Stop Saying "Good Job!"](https://www.alfiekohn.org/article/five-reasons-stop-saying-good-job/) (Alfie Kohn, 2001, Article, Free). A short, much-shared essay arguing that reflexive praise can make kids dependent on adult approval. Its practical alternative: describe what you see or ask about their work. Opinion, not a study. - [Motivating Children Without Rewards](https://www.psychologytoday.com/au/blog/the-baby-scientist/201806/motivating-children-without-rewards) (The Baby Scientist blog, Psychology Today, 2018, Blog, Free, Ages 0–5). A developmental scientist explains the overjustification research and suggests ways to encourage kids without sticker charts, such as giving choices and noticing effort. ### Praise, mindset and grit - [The effects of praise on children's intrinsic motivation: A review and synthesis](https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.128.5.774) (Henderlong and Lepper, 2002, Review, Paid). The best overview of when praise helps and when it hurts. Praise tends to help when it is sincere, credits effort or strategy, supports choice and sets reachable standards; it backfires when it feels controlling or compares kids. Paywalled. - [Praise for intelligence can undermine children's motivation and performance](https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.75.1.33) (Mueller and Dweck, 1998, Study, Paid, Ages 8–12). The classic experiments behind 'praise effort, not smarts.' Fifth graders praised for being smart chose easier tasks and did worse after failure than kids praised for hard work. Lab tasks, so real-world size is less clear. - ★ [Parent Praise to 1-3 Year-Olds Predicts Children's Motivational Frameworks 5 Years Later](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3655123/) (Gunderson et al., Child Development, 2013, Study, Free, Ages 0–5). Filmed parents at home with toddlers, then followed up years later. Kids who heard more praise for effort and actions ('you worked hard') held more growth-minded beliefs at 7 to 8. Correlational, about 50 families, free to read. - ["That's Not Just Beautiful - That's Incredibly Beautiful!": The Adverse Impact of Inflated Praise on Children With Low Self-Esteem](https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797613514251) (Brummelman et al., Psychological Science, 2014, Study, Paid, Ages 8–12). Over-the-top praise, the kind adults give most to kids who seem insecure, made children with low self-esteem avoid new challenges. A useful caution for well-meaning parents. Paywalled. - [Parents' Views of Failure Predict Children's Fixed and Growth Intelligence Mind-Sets](https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797616639727) (Haimovitz and Dweck, 2016, Study, Paid, Ages 8–12). Children's mindsets tracked how parents reacted to failure, not what parents believed about intelligence. Parents who treated setbacks as harmful had kids with more fixed beliefs. Suggests how you respond to a bad grade matters. - [Mindset: The New Psychology of Success](https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/44330/mindset-by-carol-s-dweck-phd/) (Carol S. Dweck, 2006, Book, Paid). The bestseller that made 'growth mindset' a household phrase. The updated edition warns against 'false growth mindset' (praising effort that is not working). Read with the replication studies below for a realistic picture. - [The power of believing that you can improve](https://www.ted.com/talks/carol_dweck_the_power_of_believing_that_you_can_improve) (Carol Dweck, TED, 2014, Video, Free). Dweck's ten-minute talk on 'not yet' grading and praising process. A clear introduction, given before the larger replication studies tempered the expected effect sizes. - ★ [To What Extent and Under Which Circumstances Are Growth Mind-Sets Important to Academic Achievement? Two Meta-Analyses](https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0956797617739704) (Sisk, Burgoyne, Sun, Butler and Macnamara, 2018, Meta-analysis, Paid). The big reality check. Across hundreds of thousands of students, mindset was only weakly linked to grades and mindset interventions had tiny average effects, with some benefit for low-income or struggling students. Paywalled. - ★ [A national experiment reveals where a growth mindset improves achievement](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1466-y) (Yeager et al., Nature, 2019, Study, Free, Teens). The National Study of Learning Mindsets: a short online lesson for about 12,000 U.S. ninth graders. Lower-achieving students' grades rose a small amount, more in schools whose peers welcomed challenge. Preregistered, so a strong test. - ["Do growth mindset interventions impact students' academic achievement?" A systematic review and meta-analysis with recommendations for best practices](https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000352) (Macnamara and Burgoyne, Psychological Bulletin, 2023, Meta-analysis, Paid). Argues that once study quality and possible bias are accounted for, growth mindset programs show little to no effect on grades. Published alongside a more positive meta-analysis; together they show the field is still split. Paywalled. - [A systematic review and meta-analysis of growth mindset interventions: For whom, how, and why might such interventions work?](https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000368) (Burnette et al., Psychological Bulletin, 2023, Meta-analysis, Paid). The more hopeful 2023 review: effects are small and vary a lot, but are more noticeable for groups expected to benefit, such as students who were struggling. Read with Macnamara and Burgoyne. Paywalled. - [A synergistic mindsets intervention protects adolescents from stress](https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04907-7) (Yeager et al., Nature, 2022, Study, Free, Teens). Paired growth mindset with the idea that stress can help you perform. Short online lessons reduced teens' stress responses and improved some outcomes across several experiments. A newer direction for mindset research. - [Mindset Kit](https://www.mindsetkit.org/) (PERTS (Stanford-affiliated nonprofit), Course, Free). Free short online lessons for parents and teachers on growth mindset and belonging, from the group that ran many of the large school studies. Creative Commons licensed. - [PERTS](https://www.perts.net/) (PERTS (nonprofit), Organization, Some free, Ages 8–12). The research nonprofit behind several mindset and belonging programs. Now focuses on school surveys that help teachers improve classroom conditions such as feedback and belonging. - [Grit: Perseverance and passion for long-term goals](https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.92.6.1087) (Duckworth, Peterson, Matthews and Kelly, 2007, Study, Paid). The paper that introduced the grit scale and linked it to outcomes such as finishing West Point summer training and advancing in the National Spelling Bee. Paywalled. - [Much ado about grit: A meta-analytic synthesis of the grit literature](https://doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000102) (Credé, Tynan and Harms, 2017, Meta-analysis, Paid). The main critique of grit. It overlaps heavily with plain conscientiousness and predicts performance only modestly; the perseverance part matters more than passion. A good reason to be wary of grit as a cure-all. Paywalled. - [Grit: The power of passion and perseverance](https://www.ted.com/talks/angela_lee_duckworth_grit_the_power_of_passion_and_perseverance) (Angela Lee Duckworth, TED, 2013, Video, Free). The six-minute talk that made grit famous. Duckworth herself says how to build grit is still an open question, which later research has borne out. - [Character Lab](https://characterlab.org/) (Character Lab (founded by Angela Duckworth), Organization, Free, Ages 8–12). Science-based tips and playbooks for parents and teachers on self-control, curiosity, gratitude and growth mindset. The nonprofit closed in June 2024; its site remains as an archive. ### Self-control and executive function - [Delay of Gratification in Children](https://doi.org/10.1126/science.2658056) (Mischel, Shoda and Rodriguez, Science, 1989, Review, Paid, Ages 0–5). The original marshmallow-test researchers summarize their findings: preschoolers who waited longer later tended to do better in school. They also showed that waiting is a skill shaped by strategies, such as looking away. Paywalled. - ★ [Revisiting the Marshmallow Test: A Conceptual Replication Investigating Links Between Early Delay of Gratification and Later Outcomes](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6050075/) (Watts, Duncan and Quan, Psychological Science, 2018, Study, Free, Ages 0–5). With a larger, more diverse sample, the link between waiting at age 4 and teen achievement was about half as large as earlier reports, and shrank by about two-thirds after accounting for family background and early skills. No link to teen behavior. - [Rational snacking: Young children's decision-making on the marshmallow task is moderated by beliefs about environmental reliability](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2012.08.004) (Kidd, Palmeri and Aslin, Cognition, 2013, Study, Paid, Ages 0–5). Kids waited far longer for the second treat when the adult had kept earlier promises. Waiting depends partly on trust, not only willpower, which matters for how parents read a child who grabs now. - [Stanford marshmallow experiment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford_marshmallow_experiment) (Wikipedia, Article, Free, Ages 0–5). A handy reference on the original studies, the famous follow-ups, and the later replications that found smaller effects tied to family resources and trust. - [A gradient of childhood self-control predicts health, wealth, and public safety](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3041102/) (Moffitt et al., PNAS, 2011, Study, Free). Followed 1,000 New Zealand children to age 32. Weaker self-control in childhood predicted worse health, money trouble and convictions, even after accounting for IQ and family class. A key reason researchers care about self-regulation. - [A Guide to Executive Function](https://developingchild.harvard.edu/science/key-concepts/executive-function/) (Center on the Developing Child, Harvard, Guide, Free). Explains executive function (working memory, self-control and flexible thinking) as the brain's air traffic control, and why kids are born with the potential for these skills, not the skills themselves. - ★ [Activities Guide: Enhancing and Practicing Executive Function Skills with Children from Infancy to Adolescence](https://developingchild.harvard.edu/resources/activities-guide/) (Center on the Developing Child, Harvard, 2014, Guide, Free). A free 16-page guide of executive function games by age, from peek-a-boo and hiding games for babies to freeze dance, card games and strategy games for older kids. The most practical item here. - [The Art of Control](https://www.gse.harvard.edu/ideas/usable-knowledge/14/10/art-control) (Usable Knowledge, Harvard Graduate School of Education, 2014, Article, Free, Ages 0–5). A short article introducing the Harvard executive function activities guide, with sample games for preschoolers, the age when these skills grow fastest. - [Interventions shown to Aid Executive Function Development in Children 4-12 Years Old](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3159917/) (Diamond and Lee, Science, 2011, Review, Free, Ages 5–8). Reviews what has actually improved children's executive function: some computer training, aerobic exercise, martial arts, mindfulness and certain curricula. Gains were largest for kids who started furthest behind, and skills did not transfer far. - [Executive Functions](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4084861/) (Adele Diamond, Annual Review of Psychology, 2013, Review, Free). A thorough, free review of inhibition, working memory and flexible thinking. Notes that stress, poor sleep, loneliness and too little exercise all make these skills worse, which gives parents levers beyond games. - [Strengthening school readiness for Head Start children: Evaluation of a self-regulation intervention](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2014.08.001) (Schmitt, McClelland, Tominey and Acock, 2015, Study, Paid, Ages 0–5). A trial of simple movement games, like a twist on Simon Says called Head-Toes-Knees-Shoulders, in Head Start classrooms. Children improved in self-regulation and, for some, early math. Shows low-cost games can help. - [Tools of the Mind](https://toolsofthemind.org/) (Tools of the Mind, Organization, Paid, Ages 0–5). A preschool and kindergarten curriculum built around make-believe play plans and self-regulation. Studies of its results are mixed, so treat claims with care, but its ideas, like planning play out loud, are easy to borrow at home. - [Working Memory Training Does Not Improve Performance on Measures of Intelligence or Other Measures of "Far Transfer": Evidence From a Meta-Analytic Review](https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691616635612) (Melby-Lervag, Redick and Hulme, 2016, Meta-analysis, Paid). Working memory games make kids better at those games, but not at reading, math or reasoning. The key paper to read before paying for a 'brain training' app. Paywalled. - [Lumosity to Pay $2 Million to Settle FTC Deceptive Advertising Charges for Its "Brain Training" Program](https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2016/01/lumosity-pay-2-million-settle-ftc-deceptive-advertising-charges-its-brain-training-program) (U.S. Federal Trade Commission, 2016, Article, Free). The government settlement over claims that brain games improve school and work performance. A concrete reminder to ask any learning app for real evidence. ### Sleep, movement and the body - ★ [Recommended Amount of Sleep for Pediatric Populations: A Consensus Statement of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4877308/) (Paruthi et al., American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 2016, Guide, Free). The expert sleep ranges most U.S. guidance uses: for example 10 to 13 hours (with naps) for ages 3 to 5, 9 to 12 for ages 6 to 12, 8 to 10 for teens. Endorsed by the American Academy of Pediatrics. - [The influence of sleep quality, sleep duration and sleepiness on school performance in children and adolescents: A meta-analytic review](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2009.10.004) (Dewald et al., Sleep Medicine Reviews, 2010, Meta-analysis, Paid). Pooled studies found that poorer sleep quality, shorter sleep and daytime sleepiness all go with lower school performance, with sleepiness showing the strongest link. Mostly correlational. Paywalled. - [Physical Activity, Fitness, Cognitive Function, and Academic Achievement in Children: A Systematic Review](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4874515/) (Donnelly, Hillman et al., Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 2016, Review, Free, Ages 5–8). An honest review: physical activity and fitness show promising links to children's thinking and grades, but results are inconsistent and many studies are weak. Activity does not seem to hurt learning, even when it takes class time. - [Effects of the FITKids Randomized Controlled Trial on Executive Control and Brain Function](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4179093/) (Hillman et al., Pediatrics, 2014, Study, Free, Ages 5–8). A randomized trial of a nine-month after-school exercise program for 7 to 9 year olds. Kids in the program improved attention control and mental flexibility compared with a waitlist group. - [Child Activity: An Overview](https://www.cdc.gov/physical-activity-basics/guidelines/children.html) (CDC, Guide, Free). The U.S. activity guideline in brief: preschoolers active through the day, and ages 6 to 17 at least 60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous activity daily, including muscle and bone strengthening a few days a week. ### Homework and parent involvement - [Does Homework Improve Academic Achievement? A Synthesis of Research, 1987-2003](https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543076001001) (Cooper, Robinson and Patall, Review of Educational Research, 2006, Meta-analysis, Paid). The standard homework review. Homework is linked to achievement mainly in middle and high school, with little benefit in elementary grades. More is not better past a point. Source of the '10 minutes per grade' rule of thumb. Paywalled. - [Duke Study: Homework Helps Students Succeed in School, As Long as There Isn't Too Much](https://today.duke.edu/2006/03/homework.html) (Duke Today, 2006, Article, Free). Duke's plain-language summary of the Cooper homework review: positive links in grades 7 to 12, weak links in elementary school, and diminishing returns at about two hours a night in high school. - [The Homework Myth: Why Our Kids Get Too Much of a Bad Thing](https://www.alfiekohn.org/homework-myth/) (Alfie Kohn, 2006, Book, Paid, Ages 5–8). Kohn's case that homework, especially in elementary school, costs family time and interest without clear gains, with stories of schools that cut it. An argument, so pair it with Cooper's data. - ★ [Parental Involvement in Middle School: A Meta-Analytic Assessment of the Strategies That Promote Achievement](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2782391/) (Hill and Tyson, Developmental Psychology, 2009, Meta-analysis, Free, Ages 8–12). Across 50 studies, the kind of involvement that mattered most for middle schoolers was 'academic socialization': talking about goals, plans and why school matters. Direct homework help was not consistently helpful. Free to read. ### Parenting guides and voices - [Alison Gopnik](https://www.alisongopnik.com/) (Alison Gopnik, UC Berkeley, Article, Free, Ages 0–5). Home page of the Berkeley developmental psychologist, with links to her papers, talks and books, including 'The Scientist in the Crib' (with Meltzoff and Kuhl), which shows babies as active experimenters. - ★ [The Gardener and the Carpenter](https://www.penguin.co.uk/books/1089139/the-gardener-and-the-carpenter/9781784704537.html) (Alison Gopnik, 2016, Book, Paid). Argues that 'parenting' as goal-directed shaping (the carpenter) is the wrong model; parents do better creating a safe, rich space where children explore and grow in unexpected ways (the gardener). Research-based and calming. - [What do babies think?](https://www.ted.com/talks/alison_gopnik_what_do_babies_think) (Alison Gopnik, TED, 2011, Video, Free, Ages 0–5). Gopnik shows experiments in which toddlers test hypotheses and reason about other people's wants, making the case that babies are the research and development division of humanity. - [ParentData](https://parentdata.org/) (Emily Oster, Newsletter, Free + paid). Economist Emily Oster's newsletter and site that weighs the data on everyday parenting questions, from sleep to screens to schooling, and says plainly when evidence is weak. Many posts free, some paid. Her books include 'Cribsheet' and 'The Family Firm'. - [The single most important parenting strategy](https://www.ted.com/talks/becky_kennedy_the_single_most_important_parenting_strategy) (Becky Kennedy, TED, 2023, Video, Free). The 'Good Inside' psychologist explains repair: after you lose your temper, coming back to own it and reconnect. A short, practical talk by the author of the bestselling book 'Good Inside'. - [How To Talk Workshops](https://howtotalkworkshops.com/) (Adele Faber and Elaine Mazlish, Course, Paid). Official home of the authors of 'How to Talk So Kids Will Listen and Listen So Kids Will Talk' and 'How to Talk So Kids Can Learn,' with group workshop kits. The book's scripts (acknowledge feelings, describe, offer choices) remain widely used. - [Dr. Lisa Damour](https://drlisadamour.com/) (Lisa Damour, Podcast, Free, Teens). Psychologist and author of 'Untangled,' 'Under Pressure' and 'The Emotional Lives of Teenagers.' Her site links to the free Ask Lisa podcast on stress, emotions and school pressure, mostly for parents of older kids and teens. - [Hidden Potential](https://adamgrant.net/book/hidden-potential/) (Adam Grant, 2023, Book, Paid). Organizational psychologist Adam Grant argues that how you learn matters more than raw talent, with chapters on schools that build character and on scaffolding. Not a parenting book, but full of ideas parents use. ### Curiosity, attention and bilingual minds - [Childhood as a solution to explore-exploit tensions](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7293160/) (Alison Gopnik, Philosophical Transactions B, 2020, Review, Free). Gopnik's scientific case that a long, protected childhood exists so kids can explore widely and try odd ideas before settling into adult efficiency. A strong argument for leaving room for open-ended play and questions. - [The psychology and neuroscience of curiosity](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4635443/) (Kidd and Hayden, Neuron, 2015, Review, Free). A free review of what science knows about curiosity: seeking information lights up the brain's reward systems, and curiosity tends to peak when we know a little but not too much. Helps explain why good questions beat answers. - [The surprisingly logical minds of babies](https://www.ted.com/talks/laura_schulz_the_surprisingly_logical_minds_of_babies) (Laura Schulz, TED, 2015, Video, Free, Ages 0–5). An MIT researcher shows experiments where babies and toddlers use evidence to decide what to explore. Shows that curiosity in young kids follows logic. - [Attention span during lectures: 8 seconds, 10 minutes, or more?](https://doi.org/10.1152/advan.00109.2016) (Neil Bradbury, Advances in Physiology Education, 2016, Article, Free). Traces the '8-second goldfish' and '10-minute attention span' claims and finds no solid evidence behind either. Attention depends on the task, the teacher and the learner. Written about adults in lectures, but the myth-busting applies to kids. - [Bilingualism in the Early Years: What the Science Says](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6168212/) (Byers-Heinlein and Lew-Williams, 2013, Review, Free, Ages 0–5). The best short read for families raising kids with two languages. Bilingual children are not more likely to have language delays, and when you count words in both languages their vocabularies are on track. Free. - [Bilingualism: Consequences for Mind and Brain](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3322418/) (Bialystok, Craik and Luk, Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 2012, Review, Free). The leading case for a 'bilingual advantage' in attention control and later-life brain reserve. Influential but contested; later meta-analyses found small or no thinking-skill advantage once publication bias was considered. - [Is bilingualism related to a cognitive advantage in children? A systematic review and meta-analysis](https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000301) (Gunnerud et al., Psychological Bulletin, 2020, Meta-analysis, Paid). Pooled studies of children found little reliable thinking-skill advantage from bilingualism. Good reasons to raise a bilingual child remain (family, culture, the language itself) but sharper executive function is not a promised bonus. Paywalled. - [Is bilingualism associated with enhanced executive functioning in adults? A meta-analytic review](https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000142) (Lehtonen et al., Psychological Bulletin, 2018, Meta-analysis, Paid). The adult companion to the child review: after correcting for publication bias, no reliable executive-function advantage for bilinguals. Useful context for headlines promising smarter bilingual kids. Paywalled. ## Learning differences Dyslexia, ADHD, autism, giftedness and the assistive tech, AI included, that opens doors. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/differences ### Dyslexia - [What is Dyslexia?](https://dyslexia.yale.edu/dyslexia/what-is-dyslexia/) (Yale Center for Dyslexia & Creativity, Guide, Free). Yale's plain explainer: dyslexia is an unexpected reading difficulty in a bright person, rooted in linking letters to sounds. It is common and lifelong, and the right supports and accommodations make a real difference. - ★ [Overcoming Dyslexia (Second Edition, Completely Revised and Updated)](https://dyslexia.yale.edu/research-science/overcoming-dyslexia/) (Sally Shaywitz & Jonathan Shaywitz, 2020, Book, Paid). The standard parent book on dyslexia from Yale researchers. The 2020 update adds chapters on science-based diagnosis, universal screening, anxiety and ADHD alongside dyslexia, plus practical help on school choice, accommodations and college. - [YCDC Guide to Talking About Dyslexia](https://dyslexia.yale.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/YCDC-Guide-to-Talking-About-Dyslexia_Final032017.pdf) (Yale Center for Dyslexia & Creativity, 2017, Guide, Free, Ages 5–8). A short printable guide on how to talk with a child about a dyslexia diagnosis: naming it plainly, separating reading from intelligence, and pointing to strengths. Useful the week after an evaluation comes back. - ★ [Made By Dyslexia](https://www.madebydyslexia.org/) (Made By Dyslexia (charity, founded by Kate Griggs), Organization, Free). A global charity focused on the strengths side of dyslexia, which it calls Dyslexic Thinking. Offers free parent and teacher pages, a short film, free courses with Microsoft and the Open University, and an annual workplace report. - [Dyslexia training (Made By Dyslexia and Microsoft)](https://learn.microsoft.com/training/paths/dyslexia-training) (Microsoft Learn & Made By Dyslexia, Course, Free). Free self-paced online modules on spotting and supporting dyslexia. The awareness part is aimed at parents and teachers; later parts cover reading, spelling, memory, organization, math and helpful technology. Note it is co-branded by a software company. - [Empowering dyslexic learners for a brighter future all round](https://www.open.ac.uk/blogs/news/education-languages-health/empowering-dyslexic-learners-for-a-brighter-future-all-round) (The Open University, 2025, Article, Free). Announcement of a free one-hour Made By Dyslexia course on OpenLearn Create, Empowering Dyslexic Thinking in Schools, aimed at school staff and parents. A quick way to find a short, no-cost introduction. - [Decoding Dyslexia](https://www.decodingdyslexia.net/) (Decoding Dyslexia (parent network), 2011, Community, Free). A grassroots network of state parent groups, started in New Jersey in 2011, that pushes for teacher training, early screening and better reading help in public schools. Good for finding local parents who have been through it. - [Parent-Driven Group Wields Influence on Dyslexia Concerns](https://edweek.org/ew/articles/2015/12/09/parent-driven-group-wields-influence-on-dyslexia-concerns.html) (Education Week, 2015, Article, Some free). Reporting on how Decoding Dyslexia parents changed state laws on dyslexia screening and teacher training. Useful background on why your state may now screen young children. May be paywalled. - [What is dyslexia?](https://www.understood.org/en/articles/what-is-dyslexia) (Julie Rawe, Understood, 2019, Guide, Free). A clear, regularly updated overview: dyslexia is a lifelong difference in processing language, not a vision problem. Covers signs, how it is diagnosed, structured teaching approaches and accommodations at school. - ★ [How to Teach Kids With Dyslexia to Read](https://childmind.org/article/how-to-teach-kids-with-dyslexia-to-read/) (Caroline Miller, Child Mind Institute, Guide, Free, Ages 5–8). Explains why children with dyslexia do best with explicit, step-by-step teaching of letter-sound patterns and lots of practice, and why methods that teach guessing from pictures or context tend to backfire. - [What is Orton-Gillingham?](https://www.understood.org/en/articles/orton-gillingham-what-you-need-to-know) (Peg Rosen, Understood, 2019, Guide, Free, Ages 5–8). A parent-friendly description of Orton-Gillingham, the structured, multisensory approach many dyslexia tutors use. Helps you understand what a tutor or school program is offering before you sign up. - [Current State of the Evidence: Examining the Effects of Orton-Gillingham Reading Interventions for Students With or at Risk for Word-Level Reading Disabilities](https://doi.org/10.1177/0014402921993406) (Stevens et al., Exceptional Children, 2021, Meta-analysis, Paid, Ages 5–8). A meta-analysis finding that Orton-Gillingham programs did not show reliably larger gains than other reading help, partly because few good studies exist. It does not say explicit phonics fails; it says the brand name is not proof. Paywalled. - [A dyslexia primer](https://www.readingrockets.org/blogs/sound-it-out/dyslexia-primer) (Joanne Meier, Reading Rockets, Blog, Free). A Reading Rockets post summarizing a Florida Center for Reading Research report on what dyslexia is, which instruction helps most, and how to help older students who are still behind. A friendly entry to a deep site. - [Parent Engagement Webinar Series: Children with Learning Disabilities](https://www.readingrockets.org/helping-all-readers/voices-experts/webinars-webcasts/parent-engagement-webinar-series-children-learning-disabilities) (Reading Rockets, Video, Free). Recorded webinars for parents of kids with learning disabilities, with tip sheets such as common signs of dyslexia. Good for parents who prefer listening to an expert walk through the basics. - [Dyslexia Fact Sheets](https://socal.dyslexiaida.org/about-dyslexia/fact-sheets/) (International Dyslexia Association (Southern California branch), Guide, Free). Index of the International Dyslexia Association's free fact sheets on dyslexia, assessment, structured literacy, accommodations and more, in English and Spanish. The national IDA site blocks automated readers, so this branch page is an easy door in. - [National Center on Improving Literacy](https://improvingliteracy.org/) (NCIL (Boston University, Florida State, RMC Research; US Dept. of Education funded), Organization, Free). A federally funded hub of plain-language briefs on dyslexia, screening and helping at home, many in Spanish. Includes a site tracking each state's dyslexia laws. A reliable, non-commercial place to start. - [Is Your Child Having Trouble Reading? Warning Signs and a Checklist](https://improvingliteracy.org/resource/is-your-child-having-trouble-reading/) (National Center on Improving Literacy, 2017, Guide, Free, Ages 5–8). A checklist of early warning signs: trouble with rhymes and single sounds, slow naming of familiar things, word-by-word reading, poor spelling. Explains how to raise concerns with the school and why family history matters. - [UCSF Multitudes](https://multitudes.ucsf.edu/) (UCSF Dyslexia Center, Tool, Free, Ages 5–8). A free, research-built digital screener from UCSF that flags young children who may be at risk for reading difficulties such as dyslexia, built for California schools in English and Spanish. Ask your school whether it uses it or a similar screener. - [Child - British Dyslexia Association](https://www.bdadyslexia.org.uk/advice/children) (British Dyslexia Association, Guide, Free). The UK charity's parent hub: is my child dyslexic, working with school, how to help at home, and a free downloadable parent guide. Some legal details are UK-specific, but the practical advice travels well. - [What is dyslexia?](https://www.ted.com/talks/kelli_sandman_hurley_what_is_dyslexia) (Kelli Sandman-Hurley, TED-Ed, 2013, Video, Free, Ages 8–12). A short animated lesson that explains dyslexia in kid-friendly terms. Good to watch together with a child who has just been told they are dyslexic, then talk about it. ### AI & assistive tech - [The effect of a specialized dyslexia font, OpenDyslexic, on reading rate and accuracy](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11881-016-0127-1) (Wery & Diliberto, Annals of Dyslexia, 2017, Study, Paid, Ages 8–12). A small study that found a popular dyslexia font did not improve reading speed or accuracy for students with dyslexia. A useful reality check before paying for special fonts; readers can still use one they like. Paywalled. - [Goblin Tools](https://goblin.tools/) (Goblin Tools, Tool, Free + paid, Teens). A set of small AI helpers popular with neurodivergent people: Magic ToDo breaks a big task into steps, Estimator guesses how long things take, Judge reads the tone of a message. Free on the web, sponsor-supported. Best used with a parent for kids. - [Tiimo](https://www.tiimoapp.com/) (Tiimo, App, Free + paid, Teens). A visual planner built with ADHD and autism in mind: picture schedules, timers and to-do lists, with paid AI that breaks a brain dump into timed steps. No independent outcome studies; judge it by whether routines get easier. - [Social Skill Training with Large Language Models](https://arxiv.org/abs/2404.04204) (Yang et al., Stanford (arXiv preprint), 2024, Review, Free). A perspective paper proposing chatbots as both practice partner and feedback coach for social skills like handling conflict. Explains the promise and risks of AI social coaching; it is a proposal, not a test with children. - [Project Relate](https://sites.research.google/relate/) (Google Research, 2021, App, Free). An Android beta app that learns to understand one person's atypical speech, then captions it or repeats it in a clear voice. A good example of personalized speech AI; it is not taking new users right now. - [Assistive technology for reading](https://www.understood.org/en/articles/assistive-technology-for-reading) (Andrew M.I. Lee, Understood, 2019, Guide, Free). A tour of reading tools: text-to-speech, audiobooks, scanning text from paper, graphic organizers and display settings. Notes honestly that the tools give access to content but do not by themselves teach reading. - ★ [Does Use of Text-to-Speech and Related Read-Aloud Tools Improve Reading Comprehension for Students With Reading Disabilities? A Meta-Analysis](https://doi.org/10.1177/0022219416688170) (Wood, Moxley, Tighe & Wagner, Journal of Learning Disabilities, 2018, Meta-analysis, Paid). Pooled studies found that read-aloud and text-to-speech tools gave a small-to-moderate boost to reading comprehension for students with reading disabilities. Supports using listening tools for access while still teaching decoding. Paywalled. - [Learning Ally](https://learningally.org/) (Learning Ally (nonprofit), App, Some free). A nonprofit library of over 80,000 human-read audiobooks with highlighted text for students with dyslexia or vision loss, often free through schools, with paid family memberships. Also offers a free dyslexia screener. Efficacy claims on its site are not well sourced. - [Bookshare](https://www.bookshare.org/) (Benetech, App, Free). An accessible ebook library of over a million titles with read-aloud and word highlighting for people with qualifying print disabilities, including dyslexia. Funded by the US Department of Education, so US students usually join free. - [National Library Service for the Blind and Print Disabled](https://www.loc.gov/nls/) (Library of Congress, Organization, Free). The Library of Congress's free audiobook and braille service, which now includes people with reading disabilities. Books arrive by app or mail at no cost. Many families with dyslexic kids never hear it exists. - [Microsoft Learning Tools and Immersive Reader](https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/education/products/learning-tools) (Microsoft, Tool, Free). Immersive Reader is a free reader view built into Word, Edge, Teams and Minecraft Education that reads text aloud, splits syllables, highlights parts of speech and adjusts spacing. Easy to try with any school Microsoft account. - [Read&Write](https://www.everway.com/products/read-and-write-education/) (Everway (formerly Texthelp), Tool, Free + paid). A widely used school literacy toolbar: text-to-speech, read-from-screenshot, dictation, word prediction and highlighting, on Chromebook, Windows, Mac and iPad. Free for individual K-12 teachers; students usually get it through a district license. - [Speechify](https://speechify.com/) (Speechify (founded by Cliff Weitzman), App, Free + paid, Teens). A popular text-to-speech and dictation app started by a dyslexic founder. Reads web pages, PDFs and photographed pages aloud in natural voices and now adds AI summaries. The free tier is limited; premium is pricey. - [NaturalReader](https://www.naturalreaders.com/) (NaturalSoft, App, Free + paid). Text-to-speech for documents, PDFs and web pages with a free plan, school licenses, a dyslexia-friendly font option and a phone camera scanner for paper books. A lower-cost alternative to Speechify. - [Type & edit with your voice (Google Docs voice typing)](https://support.google.com/docs/answer/4492226) (Google, Guide, Free). How to turn on free voice typing in Google Docs, with spoken punctuation and editing commands. For kids whose ideas outrun their spelling or handwriting, dictation can let them show what they know. - [Apple Accessibility](https://www.apple.com/accessibility/) (Apple, Tool, Free). Built-in iPhone, iPad and Mac features that help struggling readers and writers: an Accessibility Reader with read-aloud and custom fonts and spacing, Voice Control dictation, and more. Free on devices many families already own. - ★ [AI & Accessibility in Education (2024 Blaschke Report)](https://www.cosn.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Blaschke_Report_2024_lfp.pdf) (Fernanda Perez Perez, CoSN & CAST, 2024, Report, Free). A school-technology report on how AI can help students with disabilities (assistive tools, IEP support, lighter teacher workloads) and the risks: bias, privacy and inaccessible products. Ends with a roadmap schools can follow. - [CAST partners with Stanford University Learning Accelerator on AI + Learning Differences Event](https://www.cast.org/connect/newsroom/dec-2025-cast-partners-stanford-learning-accelerator/) (CAST, 2024, Article, Free). Short report on a Stanford symposium and hackathon where researchers, teachers, parents and learners built AI prototypes for learning differences. A sign of where research attention is heading; no outcomes yet. ### Families & stories - [Fish in a Tree](https://lyndamullalyhunt.com/books/fish-in-a-tree/) (Lynda Mullaly Hunt, 2015, Novel, Paid, Ages 8–12). A middle-grade novel about Ally, who hides her dyslexia by acting out until a teacher sees her creativity. Widely read in classrooms; helps kids with and without dyslexia talk about labels, shame and strengths. - [Taare Zameen Par (Like Stars on Earth)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taare_Zameen_Par) (Aamir Khan (director), 2007, Film or show, Some free). A Hindi family film about an eight-year-old who is punished for failing school until an art teacher recognizes his dyslexia. Emotional and widely loved; a good movie-night opener for talking about learning differences. - [Percy Jackson and the Olympians](https://rickriordan.com/series/percy-jackson-and-the-olympians/) (Rick Riordan, 2005, Novel, Paid, Ages 8–12). The bestselling fantasy series whose hero has ADHD and dyslexia, recast as signs of being a demigod. Riordan wrote it for his own son. Many kids with learning differences say it was the first book that felt like it was about them. - [ADHD Aha!](https://www.understood.org/en/podcasts/adhd-aha) (Laura Key, Understood, Podcast, Free). Short episodes where guests describe the moment they realized they or their child had ADHD. Warm, honest and often funny; good for parents who are newly wondering, or who are recognizing themselves. - [What is neurodiversity?](https://www.understood.org/en/articles/neurodiversity-what-you-need-to-know) (Sukhman Rekhi, Understood, 2019, Guide, Free). Explains the neurodiversity idea: brain differences like autism, ADHD and dyslexia are natural variation, and settings should adapt too. Clear and short; good for grandparents and teachers as well as parents. - [Tilt Parenting](https://tiltparenting.com/) (Debbie Reber, 2016, Podcast, Free). A long-running podcast and community for parents of differently wired kids: ADHD, autism, giftedness, 2e and more. Interviews with researchers and parents. Reber also wrote the book Differently Wired. - [Smart Kids with Learning Disabilities](https://www.smartkidswithld.org/) (Smart Kids with LD (nonprofit), Organization, Free). A parent-run nonprofit with first-step guides, articles on executive function and dyslexia, free webinars and parent support groups. Warm and practical, written for parents rather than professionals. - [The Neurodiversity Alliance (home of Eye to Eye Mentoring)](https://thendalliance.org/) (The Neurodiversity Alliance, Organization, Free, Teens). A student-founded nonprofit running free clubs, scholarships, internships and the Eye to Eye mentoring program for high school and college students who learn differently. The old Eye to Eye site now points here. - ★ [In It](https://www.understood.org/en/podcasts/in-it) (Gretchen Vierstra & Rachel Bozek, Understood, Podcast, Free). A podcast about raising kids who learn and think differently, with over 100 episodes on reading, math, focus, school meetings and feelings. Mixes expert advice with parent and kid voices; a great commute companion. - [Everyone Gets a Juice Box: For Parents of Neurodivergent Kids](https://www.understood.org/en/podcasts/everyone-gets-a-juice-box) (Jessica Shaw, Understood, 2025, Podcast, Free). A newer, lighter podcast where parents of neurodivergent kids vent, laugh and share wins with journalist and mom Jessica Shaw. Less instruction, more company. ### ADHD & executive function - ★ [Parenting a Child with ADHD](https://chadd.org/for-parents/overview/) (CHADD, Guide, Free). From the main US ADHD nonprofit: ADHD is largely inherited, not caused by parenting. Covers early help, parent behavior training, school advocacy and building a child's confidence. CHADD also runs local support groups. - [About ADHD - Overview](https://chadd.org/about-adhd/overview/) (CHADD, Guide, Free). CHADD's overview of ADHD as a brain-based condition affecting attention, impulsivity and activity level that often continues into adulthood. A sober starting point before you read anything else. - [ADDitude](https://www.additudemag.com/) (ADDitude magazine, 1998, Article, Free). A long-running ADHD magazine and site with parenting, school and treatment articles, free expert webinars and symptom checklists. Huge and practical; quality varies by piece, and it is ad-supported, so check claims against clinical sources. - [Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)](https://www.cdc.gov/adhd/) (US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Guide, Free). The CDC hub on ADHD basics, diagnosis and treatment. Notes that recommendations vary by age; for young children, parent training in behavior management is usually recommended first. Includes classroom tips for teachers. - [What is ADHD?](https://www.understood.org/en/articles/what-is-adhd) (Understood (reviewed by Thomas E. Brown), 2019, Guide, Free). A plain explainer of ADHD as a common brain-based difference in focus, impulse control and self-management, with how it is diagnosed and treated. Written for parents who are just starting to wonder. - [ADHD Resources for Parents & Teachers](https://childmind.org/topics/adhd/) (Child Mind Institute, Guide, Free). A clinician-reviewed hub covering diagnosis, classroom help, ADHD in girls, parenting strategies, and medication and behavioral treatments. Balanced and well sourced. - [Association of Digital Media Use With Subsequent Symptoms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Among Adolescents](https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2687861) (Ra et al., JAMA, 2018, Study, Free, Teens). Followed Los Angeles teens for two years: those using many digital media activities very often were slightly more likely to develop ADHD symptoms later. The authors call it a modest link and say it does not prove screens cause ADHD. - [EndeavorRx](https://www.endeavorrx.com/) (EndeavorRx (originally Akili), 2020, App, Paid, Ages 8–12). A prescription video game authorized by the FDA in 2020 to improve attention on a computer test for kids 8-17 with ADHD. Trials showed gains on that test, less clear change in daily behavior. Meant as an add-on, not a replacement. - [Cognitive Training for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Meta-Analysis of Clinical and Neuropsychological Outcomes From Randomized Controlled Trials](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2014.12.010) (Cortese et al., J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 2015, Meta-analysis, Paid). Pooled trials of brain-training programs for ADHD. Gains showed up mainly on trained tasks and in ratings by people who knew the child was trained, with little effect on blinded ADHD symptoms. A caution about brain-game marketing. Paywalled. - [What is executive function?](https://www.understood.org/en/articles/what-is-executive-function) (Gail Belsky, Understood (reviewed by Philip D. Zelazo), 2019, Guide, Free). Explains executive function as holding information in mind, switching between ideas and controlling impulses, and how weak spots show up in homework, mornings and friendships. Practical starting point for any kid who seems disorganized. - ★ [Activities Guide: Enhancing and Practicing Executive Function Skills with Children from Infancy to Adolescence](https://developingchild.harvard.edu/resources/handouts-tools/activities-guide-enhancing-and-practicing-executive-function-skills/) (Center on the Developing Child, Harvard University, 2014, Guide, Free). A free 16-page guide of games and activities by age, from peekaboo to strategy games, that give kids practice with memory, focus and self-control. Easy to use at home without buying anything. - [Smart but Scattered Kids](https://www.smartbutscatteredkids.com/) (Peg Dawson & Richard Guare, Book, Some free). Home of the Smart but Scattered books by two psychologists, with a practical method for spotting a child's weaker executive skills and coaching them. Some tools on the site are free; the books are paid. - [Books by Ned (Driven to Distraction, ADHD 2.0)](https://drhallowell.com/read/books-by-ned/) (Edward Hallowell & John Ratey, 1994, Book, Paid). Driven to Distraction (1994, since updated) helped make ADHD understandable to families; ADHD 2.0 updates it with newer science and a strengths focus. Written by psychiatrists who have ADHD themselves. Hallowell also runs clinics, so expect some promotion. - [How to ADHD](https://howtoadhd.com/) (Jessica McCabe, Video, Free, Teens). A popular YouTube channel and bestselling book by a woman with ADHD, full of short, upbeat videos on strategies for school, home and work. Great for teens and parents; it is personal experience plus research, not clinical advice. - [Lives in the Balance](https://livesinthebalance.org/) (Ross Greene (founding director), Organization, Free). Nonprofit behind Collaborative & Proactive Solutions, the approach in Ross Greene's book The Explosive Child: solve problems with the child instead of punishing them. Many free videos and guides for parents of kids with big reactions. - [Neurodivergent Kids and Screen Time](https://childmind.org/article/screens-and-neurodivergent-kids/) (Katherine Martinelli, Child Mind Institute, 2026, Article, Free). A balanced look at screens for kids with ADHD or autism: they can help with calming, connection and skills, but carry risks for sleep, focus and online harm. Suggests fitting limits to your own child, not a fixed number of hours. ### Autism & AAC - [Autism Resources](https://childmind.org/topics/autism/) (Child Mind Institute, Guide, Free). A clinician-reviewed hub on autism diagnosis, therapies, communication, sensory needs, school supports and friendship. A solid clinical counterpart to autistic-led sources. - [Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)](https://www.cdc.gov/autism/) (US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Guide, Free). The CDC's hub on signs, screening, treatment and prevalence data for autism. Useful for official numbers and early signs; it uses clinical language rather than identity-first terms many autistic adults prefer. - [NeuroClastic](https://neuroclastic.com/) (NeuroClastic (autistic-run nonprofit), Blog, Free). A volunteer-run, ad-free site of articles by autistic writers on communication, therapy choices, identity and school. Hearing directly from autistic adults helps parents see what their child may be experiencing. Some pieces are strongly opinionated. - [Autistic Women & Nonbinary Network (AWN)](https://awnnetwork.org/) (AWN, Organization, Free). A nonprofit centering autistic girls, women and nonbinary people, whose autism is often missed. Publishes resources and webinars with a disability-justice lens. Helpful if your daughter does not match the textbook picture. - [Proloquo2Go](https://www.assistiveware.com/products/proloquo2go) (AssistiveWare, App, Paid). A leading symbol-based AAC app for iPad and iPhone that lets nonspeaking or minimally speaking children talk using pictures and synthetic voices. Highly customizable; about $300 in the US, often funded through school or insurance. - [Cboard](https://www.cboard.io/) (Cboard (open source), App, Free). A free, open-source picture board app that speaks for people with speech and language difficulties. Runs in any browser and on phones and tablets, so families can try AAC at no cost while waiting for an evaluation. - [Growing Up with AAC](https://www.asha.org/public/speech/disorders/growing-up-with-aac/) (Tracy Rackensperger, ASHA, Article, Free). A first-person account from a woman with cerebral palsy who has used communication devices all her life and built a career. Reassures parents that AAC supports, rather than blocks, a child's own speech and future. - [PrAACtical AAC](https://praacticalaac.org/) (Carole Zangari & Robin Parker, 2011, Blog, Free). A long-running blog by two speech-language professors with practical ideas, videos and core-word activities for using AAC at home and school. Free and practical for parents learning alongside their child. - ★ [Effect of Wearable Digital Intervention for Improving Socialization in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial](https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/2728462) (Voss et al., Stanford, JAMA Pediatrics, 2019, Study, Free, Ages 5–8). A trial of Superpower Glass, an AI app on smart glasses that names emotions on faces during play. Kids aged 6-12 improved on one socialization measure, not on three others. A rare real trial of AI social coaching, with mixed results. - [Uniquely Human (updated and expanded edition)](https://barryprizant.com/uniquely-human/) (Barry M. Prizant, 2022, Book, Paid). A respected speech-language pathologist argues that autistic behaviors make sense as ways of coping, and that understanding beats trying to stop them. Gentle and practical; there is also a companion podcast. ### Dyscalculia & math - [What is dyscalculia?](https://www.understood.org/en/articles/what-is-dyscalculia) (Gail Belsky, Understood, 2019, Guide, Free). Explains dyscalculia as a lifelong difficulty with number sense, not laziness or low intelligence, and how teaching methods, tools and accommodations help. A good first read if math tears happen every night. - [How to Help Kids With Dyscalculia](https://childmind.org/article/how-to-help-kids-dyscalculia/) (Rae Jacobson, Child Mind Institute, Guide, Free, Ages 5–8). Practical strategies: hands-on objects, extra time and calculators as accommodations, plus ways to ease math anxiety and protect self-esteem. Short and actionable. - [Dyscalculia: From Brain to Education](https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1201536) (Butterworth, Varma & Laurillard, Science, 2011, Review, Paid). A widely cited review by leading dyscalculia researcher Brian Butterworth: a core weakness in sensing quantities, roughly as common as dyslexia but far less known, and how targeted practice, including adaptive games, may help. Paywalled. - [The Dyscalculia Network](https://www.dyscalculianetwork.com/) (The Dyscalculia Network C.I.C. (UK), Organization, Some free). A UK community group with plain guides on dyscalculia and math anxiety for parents and teachers, a tutor and assessor finder, and conference recordings. One of few organizations devoted only to math learning differences. ### Speech & language - [Communication Milestones: Age Ranges](https://www.asha.org/public/developmental-milestones/communication-milestones/) (American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, Guide, Free, Ages 0–5). ASHA's guide to typical speech and language skills from birth to age five, by age band. Not a diagnostic test, but a clear signal for when to ask a speech-language pathologist. - [Learning Disabilities](https://www.asha.org/public/speech/disorders/learning-disabilities/) (American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, Guide, Free). Explains how reading and writing struggles often grow from spoken-language weaknesses, and how speech-language pathologists test and treat them. Helps parents see why an SLP may belong on a dyslexia team. - [ASHA ProFind](https://www.asha.org/profind/) (American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, Tool, Free). A searchable directory of certified speech-language pathologists and audiologists who accept referrals. The simplest way to find a qualified evaluator near you. - ★ [Developmental Language Disorder](https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/developmental-language-disorder) (NIDCD, National Institutes of Health, 2022, Guide, Free). DLD affects about 1 in 14 kindergartners yet few parents have heard of it. NIH explains signs (late talking that persists, trouble with grammar and following directions), diagnosis, treatment and its link to reading problems. - [RADLD: Raising Awareness of Developmental Language Disorder](https://radld.org/) (RADLD, Organization, Free). An international campaign of researchers, clinicians and families with free fact sheets, short videos, school strategies and open-access research on DLD. Runs DLD Awareness Day each October. - [DLD and Me](https://dldandme.org/) (DLD and Me (volunteer organization), Community, Free). Volunteer-run site with topic guides for families after a DLD diagnosis: school support, help at home, big emotions, plus short evidence summaries and video stories from people living with DLD. - [Phase 2 of CATALISE: a multinational and multidisciplinary Delphi consensus study of problems with language development: Terminology](https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12721) (Bishop et al., Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2017, Study, Some free). The expert consensus that settled on the name Developmental Language Disorder and how to identify it. Explains why your child's report may say DLD rather than older labels. Technical; journal access varies. ### Giftedness & 2e - [Davidson Institute](https://www.davidsongifted.org/) (Davidson Institute, 1999, Organization, Free). A nonprofit for profoundly gifted kids ages 5-18 with free guides on testing, school options and social-emotional needs, a free Young Scholars program, and a newsletter for families of gifted and twice-exceptional children. - [Is My Child Gifted?](https://www.davidsongifted.org/prospective-families/is-my-child-gifted/) (Davidson Institute, Guide, Free). A practical guide to common signs of giftedness, when testing is most reliable, how to pick a tester, and why rules differ by district since there is no federal gifted mandate. - [SENG: Supporting Emotional Needs of the Gifted](https://www.sengifted.org/) (SENG, 1981, Organization, Some free). A nonprofit focused on the emotional side of giftedness and twice-exceptionality, with a directory of mental health providers who understand gifted kids, parent support groups and a library of articles. - [Family Tip Sheets](https://nagc.org/family-tip-sheets) (National Association for Gifted Children, Guide, Free). Short free tip sheets from the main US gifted-education group on perfectionism, making friends, uneven development, acceleration, advocacy and talking with your child about being gifted. Also in Spanish. - [Bridges 2e Center](https://2ecenter.org/) (Bridges Education Group, Organization, Some free). A research and training center for twice-exceptional kids, who are gifted and also have a learning difference. Offers films, a speaker series and parent education. Run by a private school group, so some programs are paid. - [Acceleration Institute](https://www.accelerationinstitute.org/) (Belin-Blank Center, University of Iowa, Organization, Free). Research and tools on academic acceleration, such as skipping a grade or subject, including the report A Nation Empowered. Research generally finds acceleration works well for carefully chosen students; useful when a school says no. ### IEP, 504 & school - [How to Get Assistive Technology for Your Child in School](https://childmind.org/article/how-to-get-assistive-technology-for-your-child-in-school/) (Gia Miller, Child Mind Institute, Guide, Free). Walks parents through requesting a school assistive technology evaluation: how evaluators observe and try tools, and how the team picks equipment and sets up training and check-ins. - [What Is an IEP?](https://www.understood.org/en/articles/what-is-an-iep) (Understood, Guide, Free). A plain guide to the Individualized Education Program: who qualifies, what goes in it, and how special education services are planned. The best first read before your first school meeting. - [What Is a 504 Plan?](https://www.understood.org/en/articles/what-is-a-504-plan) (Understood, Guide, Free). Explains 504 plans: accommodations like extra time or audiobooks that change how a child learns, not what they learn, and how they differ from an IEP. Useful for kids with ADHD or dyslexia who are keeping up with help. - [Wrightslaw](https://www.wrightslaw.com/) (Pete & Pam Wright, Organization, Some free). The best-known US special-education law and advocacy site, with articles, case law and the book From Emotions to Advocacy. Dense, but the place parents go when school negotiations get hard. - ★ [Find Your Parent Center](https://www.parentcenterhub.org/find-your-center/) (Center for Parent Information and Resources (US Dept. of Education funded), Tool, Free). A map of nearly 100 federally funded Parent Training and Information Centers that help families of children with disabilities free of charge, including coaching for IEP meetings. Every US state has at least one. - [National Center for Learning Disabilities](https://ncld.org/) (NCLD, Organization, Free). A US nonprofit doing research and policy work on learning disabilities, with state snapshots and data briefs, plus parent resources. Useful for seeing how kids with learning disabilities are doing in your state. ### Universal Design for Learning - [Artificial Intelligence & UDL](https://www.cast.org/what-we-do/artificial-intelligence/) (CAST, Guide, Free). CAST, the group behind Universal Design for Learning, argues AI tools work best when built from the start for learners with disabilities and multilingual learners, not patched later. Links to its AI resources and research. - [5 Ways AI & UDL Work Better Together](https://www.cast.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/UDL-AI-20250227-A11Y.pdf) (CAST, 2025, Guide, Free). A two-page brief: co-design AI tools with disabled learners, use the UDL Guidelines, keep teachers in the loop. Its survey found 70 percent of educators want to learn how AI can support students with disabilities. - ★ [CAST Universal Design for Learning Guidelines 3.0](https://udlguidelines.cast.org/) (CAST, 2024, Guide, Free). The framework schools use to design lessons that work for every kind of learner: several ways to engage, to take in information and to show what you know. Version 3.0 adds more focus on identity and belonging. ## AI at school and for homework Older kids, essays and ChatGPT: thinking for yourself, detectors, media literacy and the future of work. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/school-ai ### Using AI well for homework - ★ [Kids who use ChatGPT as a study assistant do worse on tests](https://hechingerreport.org/kids-chatgpt-worse-on-tests/) (Jill Barshay, The Hechinger Report, 2024, Article, Free, Teens). Explains a Penn experiment with nearly 1,000 high schoolers in Turkey. Plain ChatGPT boosted practice scores but students then did worse on the test; a hint-only AI tutor avoided that drop. One study, then a working paper. - ★ [Assigning AI: Seven Approaches for Students, with Prompts](https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=4475995) (Ethan Mollick and Lilach Mollick, Wharton, 2023, Guide, Free, Teens). Widely used working paper describing seven roles AI can play for a student, such as tutor, coach, teammate or simulator, each with a ready-to-copy prompt and its risks. Core idea: the student stays in charge of the thinking. - [How to Use ChatGPT as an Example Machine](https://www.cultofpedagogy.com/chatgpt-example-machine/) (Chris Mah and Sarah Levine, Cult of Pedagogy, 2023, Podcast, Free, Ages 8–12). Podcast episode and post from two Stanford education researchers. Use AI to quickly make contrasting examples and non-examples for students to compare, a proven learning technique, while checking the output for errors. - [Artificial Intelligence Teaching Guide](https://teachingcommons.stanford.edu/teaching-guides/artificial-intelligence-teaching-guide) (Stanford Teaching Commons, 2023, Guide, Free). Six free modules for instructors: AI literacy, how chatbots work, classroom uses and risks, writing an AI policy for a syllabus, and redesigning assignments. Written for college but easy to adapt for high school. - [AI Pedagogy Project](https://aipedagogy.org/) (metaLAB at Harvard, 2023, Guide, Free, Teens). Free collection of classroom assignments that use AI and ask students to reflect on its strengths and limits, plus a beginner guide to chatbots and sample policies. Made at Harvard's Berkman Klein Center. ### Thinking, offloading and creativity - ★ [Your Brain on ChatGPT: Accumulation of Cognitive Debt when Using an AI Assistant for Essay Writing Task](https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.08872) (Kosmyna et al., MIT Media Lab, 2025, Study, Free, Teens). Much-discussed preprint: 54 students wrote essays with ChatGPT, search, or nothing while wearing EEG caps. The ChatGPT group showed the least brain engagement and could barely quote their own essays. Small, college-age and debated. - [AI Tools in Society: Impacts on Cognitive Offloading and the Future of Critical Thinking](https://doaj.org/article/d5c17dd91ce64775a065095d8af730ce) (Michael Gerlich, SBS Swiss Business School, 2025, Study, Free). Survey and interviews with 666 people in the journal Societies. Heavier AI use went with lower critical-thinking scores, especially among younger people, linked to handing off mental work. Correlational only, so it cannot show AI causes the drop. - [The Impact of Generative AI on Critical Thinking: Self-Reported Reductions in Cognitive Effort and Confidence Effects From a Survey of Knowledge Workers](https://advait.org/files/lee_2025_ai_critical_thinking_survey.pdf) (Lee et al., Carnegie Mellon and Microsoft Research, 2025, Study, Free). CHI 2025 survey of 319 workers. The more people trusted AI, the less they reported thinking critically; the more they trusted themselves, the more they checked. Adults, self-reported, but a useful lesson for teens on staying the checker. - [Does using AI dumb you down?](https://www.wbur.org/onpoint/2025/08/11/ai-writing-chatgpt-study-cognitive) (WBUR On Point (Meghna Chakrabarti), 2025, Podcast, Free). Public radio hour with the MIT study lead and a Johns Hopkins neurologist on the essay-writing EEG study and what it may mean for students. An easy listen that explains cognitive debt and where the evidence is thin. - ★ [Generative artificial intelligence enhances creativity but reduces the diversity of novel content](https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.00506) (Anil Doshi and Oliver Hauser, 2024, Study, Free). Experiment published in Science Advances. Short stories written with AI ideas were rated more creative, especially for weaker writers, but they were more alike. A useful frame: AI can lift individuals while flattening the group. - [Homogenization Effects of Large Language Models on Human Creative Ideation](https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.01536) (Anderson, Shah and Kreminski, 2024, Study, Free). Small study of 36 people brainstorming. ChatGPT users produced more and more detailed ideas, but ideas were less varied across people and users felt less ownership of them. Supports brainstorming on your own first. ### School AI policy and AI literacy - ★ [AI Literacy Lessons for Grades K–12](https://www.commonsense.org/education/collections/ai-literacy-lessons-for-grades-6-12) (Common Sense Education, Course, Free, Teens). Free short lessons on AI bias, chatbots and friendship, deepfakes and consent, creativity and ownership, and checking AI answers with the SIFT method. Easy to use at the kitchen table as conversation starters too. - ★ [AI Guidance for Schools Toolkit](https://www.teachai.org/toolkit) (TeachAI (Code.org, ETS, ISTE, Khan Academy, World Economic Forum), 2023, Guide, Free). The most-used free template for school AI policies, updated in 2025. Seven principles, sample policy language, family engagement tips and a list of risks like privacy, bias and overreliance. Shows parents what a good school policy looks like. - [TeachAI Policy Tracker](https://www.teachai.org/policy-tracker) (TeachAI, Data, Free). Running collection of official AI-in-education guidance from U.S. states and several countries, including Australia, Canada, Japan and the UK. Useful to see what your state or country has said. - [State AI Guidance for K12 Schools](https://www.aiforeducation.io/ai-resources/state-ai-guidance) (AI for Education, 2026, Data, Free). Regularly updated list summarizing each state's official K-12 AI guidance with links to the documents. As of August 2026 it lists 35 states plus Puerto Rico with formal guidance. - [AI for Education](https://www.aiforeducation.io/) (AI for Education (Amanda Bickerstaff), Organization, Free + paid). Training group that helps schools adopt generative AI. Offers a free prompt library, a free two-hour course for educators, free student lessons and guides on detectors and policy; its school training is paid. - [ISTE+ASCD Artificial Intelligence in Education](https://iste-ascd.org/ai) (ISTE+ASCD, Organization, Some free). Hub from the largest ed-tech teacher association: free lesson ideas, a profile of an AI-ready graduate, leader guides, courses and books. Some items are free, courses and books cost money. - [Commonsense Guardrails for Using Advanced Technology in Schools](https://www.aft.org/sites/default/files/media/documents/2024/Commonsense_Guardrails_AI_0604.pdf) (American Federation of Teachers, 2024, Guide, Free). The teachers union's guide to AI in schools, focused on keeping teachers in charge, protecting student data and judging tools before buying. Shows how many educators want AI adopted: slowly and with guardrails. - [AI competency framework for students](https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/ai-competency-framework-students) (UNESCO, 2024, Guide, Free). Twelve AI skills students should build, from a human-centered mindset and ethics to how AI systems work and how to design them, in three levels. Helps parents see what real AI literacy covers beyond typing prompts. - [Common Sense Rules for the AI Era](https://www.commonsense.org/education/articles/common-sense-rules-for-the-ai-era) (Common Sense Education, 2026, Guide, Free). Ten plain rules for schools: teach AI literacy at every grade, vet tools for safety and proven benefit, say which AI uses are allowed on each assignment, design work AI cannot shortcut, and tell families what tools collect. ### Surveys: who uses AI for school - [About a quarter of U.S. teens have used ChatGPT for schoolwork – double the share in 2023](https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2025/01/15/about-a-quarter-of-us-teens-have-used-chatgpt-for-schoolwork/) (Pew Research Center, 2025, Report, Free, Teens). Short Pew read from a fall 2024 survey: 26% of teens used ChatGPT for schoolwork, up from 13%. Most teens think using it to research a topic is fine, but few accept using it to write an essay. - [About 1 in 5 U.S. teens who've heard of ChatGPT have used it for schoolwork](https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/11/16/about-1-in-5-us-teens-whove-heard-of-chatgpt-have-used-it-for-schoolwork/) (Pew Research Center, 2023, Report, Free, Teens). The first big baseline, from fall 2023. Older teens used ChatGPT for school more often, and teens drew a clear line: research help seemed acceptable, essay writing mostly did not. Useful for seeing how fast things changed. - [A quarter of U.S. teachers say AI tools do more harm than good in K-12 education](https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2024/05/15/a-quarter-of-u-s-teachers-say-ai-tools-do-more-harm-than-good-in-k-12-education/) (Pew Research Center, 2024, Report, Free). Survey of 2,531 public school teachers. High school teachers were the most negative about AI tools, very few at any level said they do more good than harm, and many elementary teachers were simply unsure. - ★ [RAND report on student AI use for homework (December 2025 survey)](https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RRA4742-1.html) (RAND Corporation, 2026, Report, Free, Teens). Survey of about 1,200 students from middle school through college. 62% used AI for homework, and two-thirds agreed it hurts critical thinking, yet kept using it. Recommends schools separate AI that does the thinking from AI that stretches it. - [See Which Types of Teachers Are the Early Adopters of AI](https://www.edweek.org/technology/see-which-types-of-teachers-are-the-early-adopters-of-ai/2024/04) (Education Week, 2024, Article, Free + paid). News write-up of RAND's 2024 teacher panel data on which teachers were first to use AI for planning and instruction. Good background on how uneven classroom use was early on. May hit a paywall after a few articles. - [The AI Dividend: New Survey Shows AI Is Helping Teachers Reclaim Valuable Time](https://www.waltonfamilyfoundation.org/the-ai-dividend-new-survey-shows-ai-is-helping-teachers-reclaim-valuable-time) (Gallup and Walton Family Foundation, 2025, Report, Free). Survey of 2,232 public school teachers. Weekly AI users report saving almost six hours a week, mostly on lesson prep and worksheets, but only 19% say their school has an AI policy. The foundation funds AI-in-education work. - [Walton Family Foundation-Gallup Voices of Gen Z: How American Youth View and Use Artificial Intelligence](https://www.gallup.com/analytics/658901/gen-z-ai.aspx) (Gallup and Walton Family Foundation, 2025, Report, Free, Teens). Survey of 3,465 people ages 13-28. Most have used AI, anxiety beats excitement, and nearly half of students avoided AI for schoolwork because they did not know if it was allowed. Clear school rules went with feeling better prepared. ### AI detectors and integrity - ★ [GPT detectors are biased against non-native English writers](https://arxiv.org/abs/2304.02819) (Liang, Yuksekgonul, Mao, Wu and Zou, Stanford, 2023, Study, Free, Teens). Stanford study, published in Patterns, showing popular AI detectors flagged most essays by non-native English writers as AI-written while judging U.S. eighth graders' essays correctly. Simple rewording fooled the detectors. Authors advise against using them to grade students. - [Testing of Detection Tools for AI-Generated Text](https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.15666) (Weber-Wulff et al., 2023, Study, Free). European academic-integrity researchers tested 14 detectors, including Turnitin. None was accurate or reliable, they leaned toward calling text human, and light editing made them worse. Published in the International Journal for Educational Integrity. - [Can AI-Generated Text be Reliably Detected?](https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.11156) (Sadasivan et al., University of Maryland, 2023, Study, Free). Technical paper showing that paraphrasing AI text defeats every major kind of detector, including watermarks, and that human writing can be made to look AI-made. Argues detection gets harder as models improve. - [A Watermark for Large Language Models](https://arxiv.org/abs/2301.10226) (Kirchenbauer et al., University of Maryland, 2023, Study, Free). The best-known proposal for hiding a statistical signal in AI-written text so software can later spot it. Useful background on why watermarks are discussed as an alternative to guess-based detectors, and why they only work if the AI company adds them. - [Human heuristics for AI-generated language are flawed](https://arxiv.org/abs/2206.07271) (Jakesch, Hancock and Naaman, 2023, Study, Free). Six experiments with 4,600 people, published in PNAS. People could not tell AI writing from human writing and relied on wrong cues like contractions or family mentions. A reminder that teachers' gut feelings are not a detector either. - [Guidance on AI Detection and Why We're Disabling Turnitin's AI Detector](https://www.vanderbilt.edu/brightspace/2023/08/16/guidance-on-ai-detection-and-why-were-disabling-turnitins-ai-detector/) (Vanderbilt University, 2023, Guide, Free). A university explains turning off Turnitin's AI detector: even a 1% false positive rate could wrongly flag hundreds of papers a year, plus bias against non-native writers and no transparency. Handy to share if a child is falsely accused. - [OpenAI quietly shutters its AI text classifier due to low accuracy](https://decrypt.co/149826/openai-quietly-shutters-its-ai-text-classifier-due-to-low-accuracy) (Decrypt, 2023, Article, Free). News report on ChatGPT's maker withdrawing its own AI-writing detector in July 2023. In OpenAI's tests it caught only about a quarter of AI text and wrongly flagged some human writing. Historically important; the tool is gone. - [GPTZero](https://gptzero.me/) (GPTZero, 2023, Tool, Free + paid, Teens). One of the most-used AI writing detectors, free for short checks with paid plans. Its accuracy claims come from the company itself; independent studies find detectors unreliable, and the site says results should not be used alone to punish anyone. - [What do AI chatbots really mean for students and cheating?](https://ed.stanford.edu/news/what-do-ai-chatbots-really-mean-students-and-cheating) (Stanford Graduate School of Education (Denise Pope, Victor Lee), 2023, Article, Free, Teens). Long-running surveys show 60-70% of high schoolers admitted some cheating before ChatGPT existed, and the 2023 rate did not jump. Useful perspective: cheating has deeper causes than any single tool. - [Catch them Learning: A Pathway to Academic Integrity in the Age of AI](https://www.cultofpedagogy.com/ai-integrity/) (Tony Frontier, Cult of Pedagogy, 2025, Podcast, Free, Teens). Podcast episode and essay arguing that catching cheaters fails when detection tools lag. Instead, build integrity by having students show and explain their process, with checkpoints and clear AI rules per assignment. - [The AI Assessment Scale](https://aiassessmentscale.com/) (Perkins, Roe, Furze and MacVaugh, 2023, Tool, Free, Teens). A five-level scale teachers can attach to any assignment, from 'no AI' to 'AI exploration'. Popular because it replaces guessing with clear expectations, so students know exactly how much AI help is allowed. ### Courses for teens - [AI, Effort, and Your Brain](https://dayofai.org/units/ai-effort-and-your-brain) (Day of AI, MIT RAISE, Course, Free, Teens). About an hour-long lesson for ages 11-18 on cognitive effort and 'cognitive debt': when AI helps you learn and when it does the thinking for you. Ends with class norms for AI use. Full materials need a login. - [CS50's Introduction to Artificial Intelligence with Python](https://cs50.harvard.edu/ai/) (Harvard CS50 (Brian Yu, David Malan), 2020, Course, Free, Teens). Free Harvard course on search, machine learning and language models, with real coding projects. Demanding: it expects about a year of Python. Best for older teens who already code and want to build AI, not just use it. ### Media literacy and misinformation - [Truth, Tricks, and AI: Learning to Verify Information](https://dayofai.org/units/truth-tricks-and-ai-learning-to-verify-information) (Day of AI, MIT RAISE, Course, Free, Teens). Hour-long lesson for ages 11 and up on AI hallucinations, deepfakes and biased answers. Students practice lateral reading to check claims. Key point: AI can sound sure of itself while being wrong. - [News Literacy Project](https://www.newslit.org/) (News Literacy Project, Organization, Free, Teens). Nonpartisan nonprofit that teaches students to tell credible information from misinformation. Runs Checkology, the Sift newsletter for teachers, National News Literacy Week and a free family guide. - [Checkology](https://newslit.org/checkology/) (News Literacy Project, Course, Free, Teens). Free online classroom with more than 250 interactive lessons on misinformation, bias, sourcing and algorithms, including generative AI. Designed for grades 5-12; no paid tier. - [RumorGuard](https://www.rumorguard.org/) (News Literacy Project, Tool, Free, Teens). News Literacy Project's site that breaks down viral rumors and fake images and shows how to check them yourself. Handy for practicing with a teen on real examples from the news feed. - ★ [Civic Online Reasoning](https://cor.inquirygroup.org/) (Digital Inquiry Group (Sam Wineburg and colleagues), Course, Free, Teens). Free lessons, assessments and videos built on how professional fact checkers work: who is behind this, what is the evidence, what do other sources say. Start with the lateral reading and click restraint lessons. - [Lateral Reading on the Open Internet](https://cor.inquirygroup.org/research/lateral-reading-on-the-open-internet/) (Wineburg et al., Digital Inquiry Group, 2022, Study, Free, Teens). Randomized classroom study in an urban district, published in the Journal of Educational Psychology. Teens taught to leave a website and check what others say about it got much better at judging online credibility. - [SIFT (The Four Moves)](https://hapgood.us/2019/06/19/sift-the-four-moves/) (Mike Caulfield, 2019, Blog, Free, Teens). The original post on SIFT: Stop, Investigate the source, Find better coverage, Trace claims to the original. A simple routine teens can apply to posts, images and chatbot answers alike. - [MediaWise](https://www.poynter.org/mediawise/) (Poynter Institute, 2018, Organization, Free, Teens). Poynter's media and AI literacy project. For teens it offers AI Unlocked, a five-part video series on using generative AI safely, a free Digital Media Literacy 101 course and a Teen Creator Network of fact checkers ages 13-20. - [Calling Bullshit: Data Reasoning in a Digital World](https://www.callingbullshit.org/) (Carl Bergstrom and Jevin West, University of Washington, 2017, Course, Free, Teens). University course materials, videos and case studies on spotting misleading statistics, charts and models, plus a companion book. The title includes a mild swear word; the content suits older teens. ### Future of work and careers - [Hour of AI](https://hourofai.org/) (CSforALL and Code.org, 2025, Course, Free). Successor to the Hour of Code: free one-hour hands-on AI activities for every age from partners like Google, Microsoft, LEGO Education and Scratch, run around Computer Science Education Week each December and all year. - [CSforALL](https://www.csforall.org/) (CSforALL, Organization, Free). Nonprofit pushing for computer science and AI education for every student; co-runs Hour of AI. Its 'CS Is Everything' campaign argues coding still matters for art, music, sports and activism, not only tech jobs. - [Google AI Essentials](https://grow.google/ai-essentials/) (Google, via Coursera, 2024, Course, Paid, Teens). Short self-paced course on using AI tools for everyday work tasks, with a certificate. Aimed at adults and job seekers rather than kids, and it needs a paid Coursera subscription after a free trial. - [AI as Normal Technology](https://www.normaltech.ai/) (Sayash Kapoor and Arvind Narayanan, Newsletter, Free). Free newsletter from the AI Snake Oil authors arguing AI is a big but ordinary technology that will change jobs gradually, not overnight. A level-headed counterweight to hype about kids' future careers. - [Future of Jobs Report 2025](https://reports.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Future_of_Jobs_Report_2025.pdf) (World Economic Forum, 2025, Report, Free, Teens). Big employer survey on jobs through 2030. AI and big data, cybersecurity and tech literacy are the fastest-growing skills, alongside creative thinking, resilience and curiosity. Large PDF; employer forecasts, not certainties. - [Canaries in the Coal Mine? Six Facts about the Recent Employment Effects of Artificial Intelligence](https://digitaleconomy.stanford.edu/publications/canaries-in-the-coal-mine/) (Brynjolfsson, Chandar and Chen, Stanford Digital Economy Lab, 2025, Study, Free, Teens). Payroll data show jobs for 22-25-year-olds in AI-exposed fields like software and customer service running well below expectations, mostly from fewer hires. Jobs where AI helps rather than replaces held up. Working paper, descriptive not causal. ### Teacher voices, books and blogs - [Teaching with AI: A Practical Guide to a New Era of Human Learning (second edition)](https://www.press.jhu.edu/books/title/54122/teaching-ai) (José Antonio Bowen and C. Edward Watson, Book, Paid). Popular practical book for educators on designing assignments, policies and feedback when students have AI. Written mainly for college faculty. The authors run a free companion site with slides and starter guides. - [We Teach With AI](https://weteachwithai.com/) (José Antonio Bowen and C. Edward Watson, Guide, Free). Free companion site to the book Teaching with AI, with a start-here guide, a list of current AI tools, design principles for learning with AI and the authors' presentation slides. - [The AI Classroom](https://theaiclassroom.net/) (Dan Fitzpatrick and Amanda Fox, 2023, Book, Paid). Site for the K-12 teacher book The AI Classroom by Dan Fitzpatrick and colleagues, with a newsletter and paid training. A hands-on, enthusiastic take on using AI for lesson planning and student projects. - [AI Snake Oil](https://press.princeton.edu/books/hardcover/9780691249131/ai-snake-oil) (Arvind Narayanan and Sayash Kapoor, Princeton, 2024, Book, Paid, Teens). Two Princeton computer scientists sort AI that works from AI that does not, including in education and hiring. Builds the healthy skepticism teens need, without doom. Great for a debate or reading club. - [The Important Work](https://theimportantwork.substack.com/) (Jane Rosenzweig, Newsletter, Free, Teens). Newsletter on teaching writing in the age of AI, from the director of a Harvard writing center. Thoughtful on why writing is thinking and what is lost when students hand it off. - [Rhetorica](https://marcwatkins.substack.com/) (Marc Watkins, Newsletter, Free, Teens). Newsletter from a university writing instructor who trains teachers on AI. Practical and skeptical in equal measure, covering AI writing tools, detection, and what students say they actually do. - [Leon Furze (blog)](https://leonfurze.com/) (Leon Furze, Blog, Free). Australian educator and co-creator of the AI Assessment Scale writing frequently about school AI policy, deepfakes, privacy, AI agents and what teachers actually do with AI. Practical, critical and current. - [The Biblioracle Recommends](https://biblioracle.substack.com/) (John Warner, Newsletter, Free, Teens). Weekly essays from a longtime writing teacher and author of More Than Words, a book on why writing must stay human. Often returns to AI, reading and what school writing assignments are for. - [I Quit Teaching Because of ChatGPT](https://time.com/7026050/chatgpt-quit-teaching-ai-essay/) (Victoria Livingstone, TIME, 2024, Article, Free, Teens). Opinion essay by a longtime writing instructor who left teaching after students leaned on AI to write and paraphrase. Argues writing is how we think, and she was grading AI more than students. A strong statement of the worry. - [An AI Wish List From Teachers: What They Actually Want It to Do](https://www.edsurge.com/news/2025-06-20-an-ai-wish-list-from-teachers-what-they-actually-want-it-to-do) (Ellen Ullman, EdSurge, 2025, Article, Free). Teachers describe wanting AI for routine work like rubrics, translations and leveled readings, while keeping grading decisions and relationships human. Shows how classroom AI looks from the teacher's side. ### Deepfakes, nudify apps and sextortion - [Which Face Is Real?](https://www.whichfaceisreal.com/) (Jevin West and Carl Bergstrom, University of Washington, 2019, Game, Free, Ages 8–12). Quick game: pick the real photo from a pair where one face was made by AI. Fun to play together and a fast way to show teens how convincing fake faces have become. - [A Representative Study on Human Detection of Artificially Generated Media Across Countries](https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.05976) (Frank et al., CISPA and Ruhr University Bochum, 2023, Study, Free). Survey of 3,002 adults in the U.S., Germany and China (IEEE S&P 2024). People were basically guessing when judging AI images, audio and text, and tended to call fakes real. Spotting by eye is not a dependable defense. - [Content Credentials](https://contentcredentials.org/) (Coalition for Content Provenance and Authenticity (C2PA), Tool, Free). An industry standard that attaches a 'nutrition label' to images and video showing how they were made and edited, backed by Adobe, Microsoft, Google, OpenAI and others. Helpful to know, but most content online still carries no label. - [SynthID](https://deepmind.google/models/synthid/) (Google DeepMind, 2023, Tool, Free). Google's invisible watermark for AI images, video, audio and text, with a checker you can use in Gemini. It only finds content from Google and partner tools, so a 'no watermark' result does not prove something is real. - [Deepfake Nudes & Young People: Navigating a New Frontier in Technology-facilitated Nonconsensual Sexual Abuse and Exploitation](https://www.thorn.org/research/library/deepfake-nudes-and-young-people/) (Thorn, 2025, Report, Free, Teens). Survey research from a child-safety nonprofit on AI 'nudify' images among young people. Most teens see deepfake nudes as abuse, the problem is already real in schools, and the apps are easy to reach. Grounds a calm family talk. - [Grooming and sextortion (Thorn research)](https://www.thorn.org/research/grooming-and-sextortion/) (Thorn, Report, Free, Teens). Research summary on sextortion. Financial sextortion mostly targets teen boys and can escalate within hours; paying rarely ends threats; some threats now use fake or AI-made images. Useful facts before talking with a teen. - ★ [Take It Down](https://takeitdown.ncmec.org/) (National Center for Missing & Exploited Children, 2023, Tool, Free, Teens). Free, anonymous service that helps remove or block nude or sexual images of someone taken before age 18, including on participating platforms, without sharing the image itself. Bookmark it before you ever need it. - [Sextortion (NCMEC)](https://www.missingkids.org/theissues/sextortion) (National Center for Missing & Exploited Children, Guide, Free, Teens). Plain guide to sextortion: red flags, why not to pay, how to report and block without deleting evidence, and where to get help, including threats to make fake explicit images. Links videos and a parent tip sheet. ## AI learning tools: the whole market AI tutors, reading coaches, story makers and companions for kids, Peabody's neighbors and rivals alike. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/ai-products ### Reviews, ratings and reporting - ★ [Students didn't get answers from Khanmigo. They didn't want its questions, either](https://hechingerreport.org/proof-points-khanmigo-math-ai-tutor/) (Jill Barshay, The Hechinger Report, 2026, Article, Free, Ages 8–12). Reports a University of Toronto randomized trial in 18 Tennessee middle schools: struggling students tried Khanmigo, found it would not give answers, and mostly stopped using it. Gains matched Khan Academy without AI. Based on a draft NBER paper, not yet peer reviewed. - [Khanmigo vs Synthesis Tutor (side-by-side comparison)](https://homeschoolfox.com/compare/khanmigo-vs-synthesis-tutor) (HomeschoolFox, Review, Free, Ages 5–8). A homeschool review site's side-by-side look at the two best-known AI math tutors for families: ages, price, how each teaches, and who each fits. A third-party comparison, useful for a quick read before trying either. - [Duolingo efficacy research](https://duolingo.com/efficacy) (Duolingo, Report, Free). Duolingo's own page collecting the studies it cites to show its courses work. Worth reading as the company's case for itself; most of the research is commissioned or run by Duolingo, so weigh it as vendor evidence. - [AI gives more praise, less criticism to Black students](https://hechingerreport.org/proof-points-ai-bias-feedback/) (Jill Barshay, The Hechinger Report, 2026, Article, Free, Ages 8–12). Stanford researchers ran 600 middle school essays through four AI models, changing only the student's described identity. Feedback shifted: more praise for some groups, more grammar fixes for others. Relevant to every AI writing-feedback tool in schools. - [Don't let AI raise your kids](https://hechingerreport.org/dont-let-ai-raise-your-kids/) (Jackie Mader, The Hechinger Report, 2026, Article, Free, Ages 0–5). An interview with pediatric surgeon and author Dana Suskind on AI in early childhood. She separates helpful tools like reading-practice helpers from companions that stand in for people, and recalls children's distress when the Moxie robot shut down. - ★ [Study: Edtech Is Rushing AI Integration Before Proving It Works](https://www.edsurge.com/news/study-edtech-is-rushing-ai-integration-before-proving-it-works) (Ira Apfel, EdSurge, 2026, Article, Free). EdSurge on an EdReports review of 10 K-12 curriculum and edtech companies: only one could show outside evidence that its AI features improved learning, and silent AI updates make quality hard to check. A good reminder to ask vendors for proof. - ★ [Common Sense Media AI Risk Assessments](https://www.commonsensemedia.org/ai-ratings) (Common Sense Media, 2024, Review, Free). Common Sense Media's independent ratings of AI products, from ChatGPT and Gemini to AI companions and teacher assistants, each scored for risk to kids with plain explanations. The closest thing to a consumer guide for kids' AI. - [Digital Promise Product Certifications](https://digitalpromise.org/product-certifications/) (Digital Promise, 2018, Organization, Free). A nonprofit's badges for edtech, including a Responsibly Designed AI certification that checks bias work, data transparency, labeling of AI content and teacher control, plus research-based design badges. A useful filter when a school picks AI tools. - [Synthesis Tutor: An Intelligent Math Tutoring App](https://www.neilsquire.ca/synthesis-tutor-an-intelligent-math-tutoring-app/) (Neil Squire Society, Review, Free, Ages 5–8). A review of Synthesis Tutor from a Canadian disability nonprofit, looking at its casual tone for anxious math learners and its accessibility settings such as voice type and speed. A useful outside view for families of kids with learning differences. - [Will Kids Pay the Price for AI Panic?](https://www.edsurge.com/news/will-kids-pay-the-price-for-ai-panic) (Jaime Casap, EdSurge, 2026, Article, Free). An opinion piece arguing that broad school bans on classroom AI could block useful early-literacy tools, citing a reading screener's use in New Mexico, and urging privacy and accuracy oversight instead. One side of a live debate. ### Learning modes in big chatbots - ★ [Guided Learning in Gemini: From answers to understanding](https://blog.google/outreach-initiatives/education/guided-learning/) (Google, 2025, Article, Free, Teens). Google's August 2025 announcement of Guided Learning, a Gemini mode that breaks problems into steps, asks open questions and adds diagrams, videos and quizzes. It runs on LearnLM, Google's models tuned with learning research. Teachers can share it through Google Classroom. - ★ [Introducing study mode](https://openai.com/index/chatgpt-study-mode/) (OpenAI, 2025, Article, Free + paid, Teens). OpenAI's July 2025 launch of study mode in ChatGPT. Instead of answering outright, it asks questions, gives hints and quizzes the learner. It is a set of instructions on the normal model, open to free users. ChatGPT requires users to be 13 or older. - [Study Mode: OpenAI introduces learning mode for ChatGPT](https://heise.de/-10503628) (heise online, 2025, Article, Free, Teens). News coverage of ChatGPT's study mode launch, explaining what changes when it is switched on and noting that it is a prompt layer, not a new model. A quick outside view if OpenAI's own page will not load. - [Google takes on ChatGPT's Study Mode with new Guided Learning tool in Gemini](https://techcrunch.com/2025/08/06/google-takes-on-chatgpts-study-mode-with-new-guided-learning-tool-in-gemini/) (TechCrunch, 2025, Article, Free, Teens). TechCrunch's report on Gemini's Guided Learning, framing it as Google's answer to ChatGPT study mode and describing how it works. Good context on how fast the big AI companies moved into tutoring in summer 2025. - [AI and learning: A new chapter for students and educators](https://blog.google/products-and-platforms/products/education/ai-and-learning/) (Ben Gomes and Lila Ibrahim, Google, 2025, Article, Free). Google's November 2025 overview of its learning products: Guided Learning in Gemini, more conversational YouTube and Search, a study tool built on students' own notes, and free Classroom AI for teachers. Company writing, but a useful map of the Google side. - [3 tips to study smarter with Gemini Notebook](https://blog.google/innovation-and-ai/products/gemini-notebook/three-tips-study-gemini-notebook/) (Google, 2026, Article, Free, Teens). Google's October 2026 guide to Gemini Notebook, its study tool that works from a student's own notes and readings. It makes short explainer videos, step-by-step walk-throughs, flashcards and quizzes with feedback. Mainly for older students; check age rules on school accounts. - [Claude's new Learning mode will prompt students to answer questions on their own](https://engadget.com/ai/claudes-new-learning-mode-will-prompt-students-to-answer-questions-on-their-own-172057828.html) (Engadget, 2025, Article, Free, Teens). Engadget's plain-English report on Claude's Learning mode: what a student sees, which universities signed on first, and how it differs from a normal chatbot. A short outside read on the guide-not-answer approach. - [Study and Learn: AI built for your student](https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/education/blog/2026/05/study-and-learn-ai-built-for-your-student/) (Microsoft Education, 2026, Article, Free, Teens). Microsoft's May 2026 post on Study and Learn, a Microsoft 365 Copilot mode that guides students with questions, flashcards and quizzes instead of answers. Ages 13 and up, off by default on school accounts; no extra cost for schools. ### Reviews and warnings - ★ [AI Toys Risk Assessment](https://institute.commonsensemedia.org/risk-assessments/ai-toys) (Common Sense Media, 2026, Report, Free). Common Sense tested Grem, Bondu and Miko 3 in January 2026 and rated AI toys an unacceptable risk: 27% of responses were inappropriate for kids. It advises against AI toys for ages 5 and under and urges caution from 6 to 12. - ★ [Trouble in Toyland 2025: A.I. bots and toxics present hidden dangers](https://pirg.org/resources/trouble-in-toyland-2025-a-i-bots-and-toxics-represent-hidden-dangers/) (U.S. PIRG Education Fund, 2025, Report, Free). PIRG's 40th annual toy safety report tested four AI chatbot toys. Some discussed sex and where to find knives or matches, pushed kids to keep playing and had weak parental controls; all collect voice data. The report that started 2025's AI toy debate. - [New 'Trouble in Toyland' report spurs maker of AI toys to suspend all sales](https://pirg.org/edfund/media-center/breaking-ai-toy-removed/) (U.S. PIRG Education Fund, 2025, Article, Free). PIRG's follow-up after FoloToy pulled its Kumma bear and other AI toys following the report. PIRG notes AI toys remain largely unregulated and many are still on sale. FoloToy later resumed sales. - [Mattel, OpenAI delay AI product launch as senators demand transparency](https://pirg.org/media-center/statement-mattel-openai-delay-ai-product-launch-as-senators-demand-transparency-from-toy-companies/) (U.S. PIRG, 2025, Article, Free). PIRG's December 2025 statement on Mattel's delay and on a bipartisan letter from U.S. senators asking AI toy makers how they protect children. A snapshot of the political pressure on the category. - [Common Sense Media warns against AI toy companions](https://www.commonsensemedia.org/press-releases/common-sense-media-warns-against-ai-toy-companions-after-research-reveals-safety-risks) (Common Sense Media, 2026, Article, Free). The press release behind the AI toys assessment, with parent poll results: most parents worry a toy could say something unsafe, and few want AI toys as companions. It flags bonding designs, constant listening and paywalled content. - [AI toys risk assessment (full PDF)](https://www.commonsensemedia.org/sites/default/files/ai-ratings/csm-ai-risk-assessment-ai-toys-01142026.pdf) (Common Sense Media, 2026, Report, Free). The full January 2026 report with test methods, examples of problem responses and scores against Common Sense's AI principles. For parents and teachers who want the details behind the headline rating. - ★ [AI Toys Unsafe for Kids this Holiday Season, Advisory Warns](https://fairplayforkids.org/ai-toys-unsafe-for-kids-this-holiday-season-advisory-warns/) (Fairplay, 2025, Guide, Free, Ages 0–5). A November 2025 advisory signed by about 80 experts and 80 groups urging parents not to buy AI toys, naming Miko, Gabbo, Smart Teddy, FoloToy, Roybi and Loona. Lists five reasons, including displacing creative play. Advocacy, firmly against. - ★ [New research calls for AI toy safety standards to protect young children](https://www.christs.cam.ac.uk/news/AI_toys) (Gibson and Goodacre, University of Cambridge, 2026, Study, Free, Ages 0–5). Cambridge's PEDAL Centre watched under-fives play with the Gabbo AI plush (March 2026). Toys misunderstood children and handled emotions poorly, though educators saw some promise for language. Recommends parents play alongside. A report, not peer-reviewed. - ★ [Half of children have AI toys despite safety concerns](https://www.bsigroup.com/en-US/insights-and-media/media-center/press-releases/2026/may/half-of-children-have-ai-toys-as-parents-allow-widespread-use-despite-safety-concerns-and-gaps-in-guidance-parents/) (BSI, 2026, Report, Free). A May 2026 survey of 1,000 UK parents by the British standards body: half of kids already have an AI toy or learning device, over half of parents allow unsupervised use, and 91% want a safety mark. BSI sells standards, so note its interest. - ★ [An AI plush toy exposed thousands of private chats with children](https://www.malwarebytes.com/blog/news/2026/02/an-ai-plush-toy-exposed-thousands-of-private-chats-with-children) (Malwarebytes, 2026, Article, Free). How security researchers found Bondu's parent console open to anyone with a Google account, exposing about 50,000 chat logs plus names and birthdates. Bondu fixed it in minutes. A concrete reason to ask how a toy stores transcripts. - [AI Toy Company Exposes 50,000 Children's Chat Logs](https://oecd.ai/en/incidents/2026-01-29-5f44) (OECD AI Incidents Monitor, 2026, Data, Free). The OECD's incident record for the Bondu exposure. The wider OECD AI Incidents Monitor logs AI harms worldwide and is searchable, including other toy and child-related cases. - [Are AI toys safe? A major breach raises concerns](https://proton.me/blog/ai-toys-safety) (Proton, 2026, Article, Free). A privacy company's guide to AI toy risks after the Bondu breach, with a checklist of what to ask before buying: what is recorded, where it is stored, who can access it. Proton sells privacy tools, but the advice is general. - [46 gadgets slapped with *Privacy Not Included warning labels](https://www.mozillafoundation.org/en/blog/46-gadgets-slapped-with-privacy-not-included-warning-labels-in-mozillas-annual-holiday-shopping-guide/) (Mozilla Foundation, 2021, Article, Free). Mozilla's 2021 holiday review of 151 connected products, including the Echo Dot Kids and connected toys, explaining which failed basic privacy tests. Mozilla reportedly wound down *Privacy Not Included in 2026; older reviews survive in web archives. - [Mozilla's "Privacy Not Included" has sunsetted](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/t/mozillas-privacy-not-included-has-sunsetted/39887) (Privacy Guides forum, 2026, Community, Free). A forum thread noting that Mozilla wound down its *Privacy Not Included product reviews in August 2026 and pointing to archived copies. Unofficial, but it explains where the famous creepy-meter reviews of toys and speakers went. - [#Toyfail: an analysis of consumer and privacy issues in three internet-connected toys](https://storage02.forbrukerradet.no/media/2016/12/toyfail-report-desember2016.pdf) (Norwegian Consumer Council, 2016, Report, Free). The landmark 2016 test of My Friend Cayla, i-Que and Hello Barbie, which found strangers could talk through the dolls over Bluetooth and terms allowed broad use of kids' voices. Germany later banned Cayla. The template for today's AI toy testing. - [Connected toys violate European consumer law](https://www.forbrukerradet.no/?p=18832) (Norwegian Consumer Council, 2016, Article, Free). The council's summary of the Toyfail findings and the complaints it filed with European regulators. Short and readable; useful history on why consumer groups watch talking toys closely. - [#Toyfail: When toys fail children](https://blog.beuc.eu/toyfail-when-toys-fail-children/) (BEUC, 2016, Blog, Free). The European consumer federation's take on connected-toy failures and EU law, from its Consumer Corner blog. Good background on how European consumer groups approach smart toys, now including AI. - [Connected Toys](https://www.consumersinternational.org/what-we-do/consumer-policy-and-standards/safer-products/connected-toys/) (Consumers International, Guide, Free). The global federation of consumer groups explains the risks of internet-connected toys and its push for security and privacy standards. A neutral starting point outside the U.S. - [Advocacy groups urge parents to avoid AI toys this holiday season](https://abc7news.com/post/advocacy-groups-urge-parents-avoid-ai-toys-holiday-season/18179672/) (Associated Press via ABC7, 2025, Article, Free). AP's report on the Fairplay advisory, with comments from advocates and toy makers, noting AI toys are marketed to children as young as 2. A balanced news summary of the 2025 holiday warnings. - ['Trouble in Toyland' highlights dangers in AI children's toys](https://www.kptv.com/video/2025/11/13/trouble-toyland-highlights-dangers-ai-childrens-toys/) (KPTV, 2025, Video, Free). A short local TV segment on the PIRG AI toy findings, for parents who prefer to watch rather than read. - [Report: OpenAI and Mattel hit pause on AI toys](https://www.sherwood.news/tech/report-openai-and-mattel-hit-pause-on-ai-toys/) (Sherwood News, 2025, Article, Free). A short business-news summary of Mattel's December 2025 delay of its OpenAI toy, with context on why big toymakers are moving carefully after the year's AI toy controversies. - [Researchers call for tougher scrutiny on AI-powered products](https://www.uktech.news/news/researchers-call-for-tougher-scrutiny-on-ai-powered-products-20260313) (UKTN, 2026, Article, Free, Ages 0–5). UK tech news coverage of the Cambridge AI toy study and its call for regulated safety standards, with industry context. Useful for British parents following the policy debate. - [AI Toys and Companions: What Educators & Families Need to Know](https://www.aiforeducation.io/ai-toys-and-companions-what-educators-families-need-to-know-reg) (AI for Education, Guide, Free). A webinar and guide from an AI-literacy training group on how AI toys and companion bots work, what the research and testing show, and questions to ask. Balanced and practical; registration may be required. - [Miko 3 review: a small tablet dressed as a robot](https://the-gadgeteer.com/2025/03/27/miko-3-the-ai-powered-learning-robot-review-a-small-tablet-dressed-as-a-robot/) (The Gadgeteer, 2025, Review, Free, Ages 5–8). A hands-on review of the Miko 3 that likes its design and kid appeal but finds much of the content locked behind Miko Max and the experience close to a small tablet. A useful reality check before buying. - [I keep getting ads for AI desk pets and now I need one](https://www.creativebloq.com/features/ai-desk-pet-opinion) (Creative Bloq, Article, Free). A design writer on the wave of AI desk pets like Eilik and Emo: charming, but hard to justify at the price. A light, honest take on why these robots sell and what they actually do. - [What happens when robots die? The case for end-of-life standards](https://sixdegreesofrobotics.substack.com/p/what-happens-when-robots-die-the) (Six Degrees of Robotics, Blog, Free). An essay arguing that consumer robots need end-of-life promises, such as offline modes and open-sourcing, so kids' companions do not simply die when a company folds. Uses Moxie as the example. A good lens for any cloud-dependent toy. - [Best coding and STEM toys for kids](https://www.techadvisor.com/article/723603/best-coding-and-stem-toys-for-kids.html) (Tech Advisor, 2025, Review, Free, Ages 5–8). A tested roundup of coding robots and STEM kits including Botley, mBot Neo and Petoi Bittle, with notes on age and whether a screen is needed. Updated in 2025; check prices. - [Best robots that teach kids how to code](https://stemeducationguide.com/coding-robots-for-kids/) (STEM Education Guide, Review, Free). A parent-friendly guide to coding robots sorted by age, from screen-free Cubetto and Bee-Bot to Sphero and mBot. Affiliate-supported; good for seeing the age ladder at a glance. - [12 best robot toys to learn coding for kids of all ages](https://www.robowunderkind.com/blog/12-best-robot-toys-to-learn-coding-for-kids-of-all-ages) (Robo Wunderkind, Review, Free). A robot maker's own list of coding robots, including competitors. Handy overview of the field; it puts its own kit on the list, so read it as a seller's view. - [Eilik robot review and buyer guide](https://keyirobot.com/blogs/buying-guide/eilik-robot) (KEYi Tech (Loona blog), Review, Free). A detailed look at the Eilik desk robot, scoring it low on AI because it has no cloud or chatbot but fair on charm. Written by the company that sells Loona, a rival, so weigh it accordingly. - [Bark review](https://www.techradar.com/reviews/bark) (TechRadar, Review, Free, Ages 8–12). TechRadar's review of Bark's monitoring service and phone plans, explaining what it scans and the trade-offs for kids' privacy. Older pricing; useful for how the monitoring works. - [FTC fines Amazon $25M over children's voice recordings](https://www.mediapost.com/publications/article/385888/ftc-fines-amazon-25m-over-childrens-voice-record.html) (MediaPost, 2023, Article, Free). Trade press summary of the FTC's Alexa case, explaining in plain terms what Amazon kept, why it broke the children's privacy law and what changed. Shorter than the official release. - [kidSAFE Seal Program](https://kidsafe.com/home) (kidSAFE, 2010, Organization, Free). An independent certification that reviews kids' websites, apps and connected devices for safety and COPPA practices; Wonder Workshop's Dash and Dot carry it. A seal is a useful signal, not a guarantee; check what the seal covers. ### Kids making things with AI - ★ [Machine Learning for Kids](https://machinelearningforkids.co.uk/) (Dale Lane (IBM), 2017, Tool, Free, Ages 8–12). A free site where kids train their own simple AI models with examples of text, pictures or sounds, then use them in Scratch projects. A hands-on way to see that AI learns from data, and that bad examples make bad guesses. Many free classroom worksheets. - [Tynker](https://www.tynker.com/) (Tynker, 2012, App, Free + paid, Ages 8–12). A coding platform for ages 5 to 18 that moves from picture blocks to Python and JavaScript through games and puzzles. Includes an Explore AI course on how machine learning works. Paid plans with a free start. - [RAISE Playground](https://playground.raise.mit.edu/) (MIT RAISE and MIT Media Lab, 2021, Tool, Free, Ages 8–12). A Scratch-style block coding site from MIT with built-in AI blocks: image and text recognition, speech, music generation and robots. Free. Lets older kids build real AI projects without typing code. - [Hour of AI](https://code.org/hour-of-ai) (Code.org, 2025, Course, Free). Code.org's one-hour AI activities for grades 2 to 12, the successor to its famous Hour of Code. No experience needed; activities let kids train, test and question simple AI. Works in class or at the kitchen table. - [Canva for Education](https://www.canva.com/education/) (Canva, 2019, Tool, Free). The design tool many kids use for posters, slides and videos, free for K-12 schools. Its AI features, such as text-to-image and writing helpers, are switched on or limited by teachers and age settings. A common first place kids make things with AI. ### AI reading and language tutors - ★ [Amira Learning](https://amiralearning.com/) (Amira Learning, 2018, Tool, Some free, Ages 5–8). An AI reading tutor and screener used by schools, in English and Spanish. It listens to a child read aloud, gives feedback in the moment, and flags reading trouble. Sold to districts, not families. Says it keeps no voiceprints and no audio by default. - ★ [Ello](https://www.ello.com/) (Ello, 2020, App, Free + paid, Ages 5–8). An AI reading coach for ages 5 to 9: a cartoon elephant listens as a child reads aloud, catches slips and teaches phonics with decodable books. Now adds math. Daily lessons free, with a paid upgrade. Its success figures are the company's own. - [Learn to Read - Duolingo ABC](https://apps.apple.com/app/id1440502568) (Duolingo, 2020, App, Free, Ages 0–5). Duolingo's free early-reading app for preschool to second grade: letters, phonics, sight words and short read-along stories in bite-size lessons. Launched without ads or in-app purchases. Less AI-heavy than Duolingo's adult app, but built on the same adaptive lesson engine. - [Speak](https://www.speak.com/) (Speak, 2019, App, Paid, Teens). An AI language app built around speaking out loud: you practice conversations with an AI tutor that gives instant feedback on pronunciation and phrasing. Paid subscription after a trial. Aimed mainly at teens and adults, not young children. - [AI reading coach startup Ello raises $15 million to bolster child literacy](https://techcrunch.com/2023/09/07/ai-reading-coach-startup-ello-raises-15-million-to-bolster-child-literacy) (TechCrunch, 2023, Article, Free, Ages 5–8). TechCrunch's profile of Ello's founders, including a child psychologist and a Stanford AI researcher, and how its speech recognition was trained on kids' voices. Shows how the product started as a book-subscription tablet app. - [Amira Learning research evidence base](https://hmhco.com/research/amira-learning-research-evidence-base) (HMH, Report, Free, Ages 5–8). The evidence summary for Amira from Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, which distributes it. It lays out the research roots in Carnegie Mellon's Project LISTEN and the company's claim that Amira matches a human tutor after about 30 sessions. Vendor-published; read the underlying studies. - [Study of AI and Human Tutoring for Early Reading Development](https://www.bu.edu/hic/?p=39942) (Boston University, Study, Free, Ages 5–8). A Boston University randomized study recruiting first to third graders to compare Amira's AI reading tutor with one-on-one human tutoring and regular class over 10 weeks. Results were not yet published when found; worth watching as an independent test. - ★ [Read Along by Google](https://readalong.google.com/) (Google, 2019, App, Free, Ages 5–8). Google's free reading app for kids 5 and up. A helper named Diya listens as the child reads aloud and steps in when they get stuck. Speech is processed on the device, there are no ads, and it works offline. Started in India as Bolo. - [Google launches 'Read Along,' a free app that helps young children practice reading](https://techcrunch.com/2020/05/07/google-launches-read-along-a-free-app-that-helps-young-children-practice-reading) (TechCrunch, 2020, Article, Free, Ages 5–8). TechCrunch's 2020 launch story for Read Along, describing Diya the reading helper, the languages offered and the privacy design. A useful history of one of the earliest free AI read-aloud tools. - [Get started with Reading Coach](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/training/modules/build-reading-fluency-reading-coach/get-started-reading-coach) (Microsoft Learn, Course, Free, Ages 5–8). Microsoft's short training module on Reading Coach: how a child picks or creates a story, how pronunciation feedback works, and what progress numbers like words per minute mean. Written for teachers, readable for parents. - [Readability: Learn to Read](https://apps.apple.com/us/app/readability-reading-tutor/id1477213383) (Readability, 2019, App, Paid, Ages 5–8). An iPad reading tutor for kindergarten to sixth grade that listens as a child reads, corrects misread words and asks comprehension questions, with a parent dashboard. Subscription after a free trial. No independent research on outcomes was found. - [Buddy.ai](https://buddy.ai/) (Buddy.ai, 2019, App, Free + paid, Ages 0–5). A voice-based English tutor for ages 3 to 7, built around a cartoon robot. Kids speak to it in game-style lessons on words like colors and animals, and its speech recognition is tuned for young, accented voices. Mainly used for English as a second language. - [Buddy.ai is using AI and gaming to help children learn English as a second language](https://techcrunch.com/2024/10/31/buddy-ai-is-using-ai-and-gaming-to-help-children-learn-english-as-a-second-language) (TechCrunch, 2024, Article, Free, Ages 0–5). TechCrunch's 2024 profile of Buddy.ai: how it trained speech recognition on children, its huge download numbers, and its work with schools in Brazil. Useful background on the leading AI English tutor for small kids. - [Lalilo](https://www.lalilo.com/) (Lalilo (Renaissance), 2016, Tool, Some free, Ages 5–8). A classroom reading app for the early grades that adapts phonics and reading exercises to each child and uses speech recognition to check read-aloud work. Owned by Renaissance; versions run in US and French schools. Teachers get progress dashboards. - [Edtech Startup Ello Named No. 5 on Fortune's Change the World List 2024](https://www.eschoolnews.com/newsline/2024/09/26/edtech-startup-ello-named-no-5-on-fortunes-change-the-world-list-2024/) (eSchool News, 2024, Article, Free, Ages 5–8). Short news item on Ello's place on Fortune's 2024 Change the World list, with the company's account of its mission and reach. Recognition, not an outcome study, and mostly drawn from Ello's own release. - [CERES project with Amira in Mexican schools](https://ceres.uci.edu/?p=366) (CERES, UC Irvine, Study, Free, Ages 5–8). A UC Irvine research project testing whether Amira's AI reading tutor can ease reading anxiety and inattention, and so help reading, in children with ADHD and typical readers in Mexico. A project page for work in progress, not published results. ### AI tutors and homework help - ★ [Khanmigo for families](https://www.khanmigo.ai/parents) (Khan Academy, 2023, App, Paid). Khan Academy's AI tutor, built on its free lessons. It is designed to nudge kids toward answers with hints and questions rather than hand them over. Parents can read chat history and get flagged-content alerts. US only, about $4 a month. - [Synthesis Tutor](https://www.synthesis.com/tutor) (Synthesis, 2024, App, Paid, Ages 5–8). An adaptive AI math tutor for ages 5 to 11 that covers K-5 math with hands-on, game-like lessons and checks understanding as it goes. It grew out of a school started at SpaceX. Paid, with a free trial; some say strong kids finish it fast. - [Duolingo](https://www.duolingo.com/) (Duolingo, 2012, App, Free + paid). The popular streak-based app for languages, now also math, music and chess. Its paid Max tier adds AI features such as role-play chats and video calls with a cartoon character. Free with ads; the company publishes its own efficacy research. - [Duolingo math hub](https://blog.duolingo.com/hub/math/) (Duolingo, Article, Free, Ages 8–12). Duolingo's math section, with plain guides to what kids study in 5th through 8th grade. Duolingo's math course lives inside the main app as short, gamified practice; these guides help parents see what the grade-level topics are. - [Photomath](https://photomath.com/) (Photomath (Google), 2014, App, Free + paid, Teens). Point a phone at a math problem and it shows a step-by-step solution, from arithmetic to calculus. Owned by Google. Free basic version, paid extras. Good for checking work, but easy to use as an answer machine, so ask kids to explain why. - [Brainly](https://brainly.com/) (Brainly, 2009, App, Free + paid, Teens). A large homework-help community where students post questions and get answers from peers, now mixed with AI-written explanations and a photo-scan solver. Freemium with a paid tier. Answer quality varies, and it is mostly used to get answers fast. - [Gauth](https://www.gauthmath.com/) (Gauth (ByteDance), 2020, App, Free + paid, Teens). A photo-and-AI homework solver owned by TikTok's parent company, ByteDance. Snap a problem and it returns a worked answer across many subjects. Very popular with teens; parents should know it mostly gives answers rather than teaching. - [Quizlet](https://quizlet.com/) (Quizlet, 2005, App, Free + paid, Teens). The flashcard and study-set site most students know. It now uses AI to turn notes into study sets and to run adaptive Learn sessions and practice tests. Freemium; the most useful AI features sit behind the paid plan. Good for retrieval practice. - [Google Lens homework help](https://search.google/ways-to-search/lens/) (Google, 2017, App, Free, Teens). Google Lens can photograph a homework question and pull up explainers, videos and web results across math and science. Google's older Socratic homework app now redirects here, so this is where that tool went. Free; like any camera solver, it can shortcut the thinking. - [Squirrel Ai](https://squirrelai.com/) (Squirrel Ai, 2014, Organization, Paid, Ages 5–8). A large Chinese adaptive-learning company that splits subjects into thousands of tiny skills and pairs AI lesson paths with human teachers in learning centers. Its US arm is opening PreK-5 math centers. Its score-gain and user claims come from the company and lack stated methods. - [Thinkster Math](https://hellothinkster.com/) (Thinkster, 2010, App, Paid). An online math program from kindergarten through calculus that pairs an AI engine, which looks at how a child works a problem, with a real human tutor who reviews work and meets weekly. Paid, from about $22 a session. A hybrid rather than AI alone. ### AI tools teachers use - [Kira](https://www.kira-learning.com/) (Kira Learning, 2024, Tool, Some free). A school-facing AI platform that bills itself as an operating system for teaching: it links lessons, quizzes and catch-up help, with AI tutoring for students. Sold to schools and districts, not families; says it is built for FERPA and COPPA. - [MagicSchool](https://www.magicschool.ai/) (MagicSchool, 2023, Tool, Free + paid). The most widely used AI toolkit for K-12 teachers: 80-plus tools for lesson plans, rubrics and differentiation, plus MagicStudent, a teacher-supervised chatbot space for kids. Free for teachers, paid for districts. Says student data is not used to train AI. - [SchoolAI](https://schoolai.com/) (SchoolAI, 2023, Tool, Free + paid). A classroom platform where teachers build guided AI activities called Spaces and watch students' chats live. It flags crises to adults and says its AI never pretends to be human. Free for teachers to try; districts pay. - [Brisk Teaching](https://www.briskteaching.com/) (Brisk, 2023, Tool, Free + paid). A Chrome extension that puts AI inside the pages teachers already use: it drafts quizzes and lessons, writes feedback on student essays, checks writing process and re-levels readings. Free core version. Families meet it through the comments on kids' work. - [Diffit](https://web.diffit.me/) (Diffit, 2023, Tool, Free + paid). A teacher tool that turns any topic or article into versions at different reading levels, with vocabulary and questions, ready to print or send to Google or Microsoft. No student logins, so it collects no student data. Free tier available. - [Curipod](https://curipod.com/) (Curipod, 2022, Tool, Free + paid). A whole-class lesson tool for reading and writing: students submit answers on devices and get instant AI feedback so they can revise in the same period. Students need no accounts and there is no chatbot. Its test-score gains come from its own case studies. - [Khan Academy for teachers](https://www.khanacademy.org/teachers) (Khan Academy, 2023, Tool, Free). Khan Academy's teacher hub: free lessons and practice plus Khanmigo's AI helpers for planning, feedback and tracking progress, and a Writing Coach. If your child's teacher uses Khan Academy, this is the side they see. - [Flint](https://www.flintk12.com/) (Flint, 2023, Tool, Free + paid). A school AI platform where teachers turn their own materials into activities and an AI assistant called Sparky works one-on-one with students, giving hints rather than answers. Teachers watch sessions live, and messages about self-harm or violence are flagged. - [Snorkl](https://snorkl.app/) (Snorkl, 2023, Tool, Free + paid). Students record themselves explaining their thinking out loud while drawing on a whiteboard, and AI gives feedback on the explanation, not just the answer. Teachers see common misconceptions. Used from about third grade up; COPPA and FERPA compliant. - [Learning Commons Launches Open Platform for K-12 Edtech](https://www.edsurge.com/news/learning-commons-launches-open-ai-platform-for-k-12-edtech) (EdSurge, 2026, Article, Free). EdSurge on Learning Commons, a nonprofit backed by the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative, offering free standards data and evaluators that check whether AI-made lessons are accurate, grade-appropriate and aligned to state standards. Plumbing that many school AI tools may build on. ### AI story and picture-book makers - [Oscar Stories](https://oscarstories.com/) (Oscar Stories, 2023, App, Free + paid, Ages 0–5). An AI bedtime-story app where the child is the hero: pick characters, a job and a setting, and it writes an illustrated story that can be read aloud. Free to start, in 10 languages. Says it is child-friendly but gives few details on its safeguards. - [Bedtimestory.ai](https://www.bedtimestory.ai/) (Bedtimestory.ai, 2023, Tool, Free + paid, Ages 0–5). A web tool that turns a short idea into an illustrated bedtime story starring your child, with read-aloud and publishing options. Free to start, then paid. A parent-driven story maker rather than a reading program; it does not level text for early readers. - [Childbook.ai](https://www.childbook.ai/) (Childbook.ai, 2023, Tool, Paid, Ages 0–5). An AI picture-book maker: give it an idea or your own text and it drafts the story, keeps characters consistent from a description or photo, and lays out a book to download or print. Plans from about $19 a month. - [Story Spark](https://storyspark.ai/) (Story Spark, 2023, Tool, Paid, Ages 0–5). An AI book maker that turns a short idea into an illustrated storybook, comic or search-and-find book, with characters drawn from your photos, then prints a hardcover. Books from about $30. A keepsake maker for families more than a reading tool. ### AI companions, robots and toys - [Miko](https://miko.ai/) (Miko (Emotix), 2017, App, Paid, Ages 5–8). A small talking robot for kids that answers questions, plays games and tells stories, with extra content behind a monthly subscription. One of the best-selling kid AI robots. Parents should look at what it records and how the parent app controls it. - [Moxie Robots](https://moxierobots.com/) (Moxie Robots, 2020, App, Paid, Ages 5–8). Moxie was a pricey social robot from Embodied that coached kids on feelings. Embodied shut down in December 2024 and the robots lost their cloud brain, upsetting families. This site now offers a pairing page; how much works is unclear. - [Mattel and OpenAI Announce Strategic Collaboration](https://corporate.mattel.com/news/mattel-and-openai-announce-strategic-collaboration) (Mattel, 2025, Article, Free). Mattel's June 2025 announcement that the maker of Barbie and Hot Wheels would work with OpenAI on AI-powered toys and experiences. Child advocates quickly asked how kids' voices and data would be handled. A sign that talking AI toys are going mainstream. - [FoloToy](https://folotoy.com/) (FoloToy, 2023, App, Paid, Ages 0–5). A maker of chatbot plush toys such as the Kumma teddy bear and a talking cactus. In late 2025 consumer testers found Kumma discussing sexual topics and dangerous objects, and it was pulled for a safety review. A case study for parents weighing AI toys. - [ROYBI](https://roybi.world/) (ROYBI, 2019, App, Paid, Ages 0–5). A small AI robot for ages 3 and up that teaches languages, early math and science through talk, stories, games and songs. Marketed as an educational companion; check what it records and how the parent app works before buying. ### Talking AI toys and plushies - ★ [Curio AI plush toys (Grem, Gabbo, Lingo and friends)](https://heycurio.com/) (Curio Interactive, 2023, Tool, Paid, Ages 5–8). Wi-Fi plush toys with a removable voice box that chat with kids using large language models; the original line included Grok, voiced by Grimes. About $119-150 each, no camera. Testers found Grem fairly cautious, but Common Sense rated AI toys like it unacceptable. - [Gabbo](https://heycurio.com/products/v2/gabbo-gen-2) (Curio Interactive, 2023, Tool, Paid, Ages 5–8). Curio's robot-shaped chatting plush, now in a second generation. It is the toy Cambridge researchers observed with under-fives: they found it misread children and answered sadness with cheerful deflection. About $119-150; needs Wi-Fi and the Curio app. - [Grem](https://heycurio.com/products/v2/grem-2) (Curio Interactive, 2023, Tool, Paid, Ages 5–8). Curio's alien plush designed with Grimes, which chats, tells jokes and plays word games. It was one of three toys in Common Sense Media's 2026 AI toy test, which found inappropriate content across the group. About $119; Wi-Fi and app required. - [Kumma AI teddy bear](https://www.folotoy.com/products/teddy/) (FoloToy, 2024, Tool, Paid, Ages 5–8). The GPT-powered teddy that PIRG testers got to discuss sex and where to find knives and matches. FoloToy briefly pulled its toys in November 2025 and is selling Kumma again ($99 kit plus about $5 a month). A clear example of why testing matters. - [Bondu](https://bondu.com/products/bondu) (Bondu, 2025, Tool, Paid, Ages 5–8). A screen-free AI plush companion ($299.99) that tells stories and talks with kids about feelings. In January 2026 researchers found its parent console let anyone with a Google login read about 50,000 children's chat logs; Bondu fixed it quickly. - [Snorble](https://snorble.com/products/snorble) (Snorble, 2023, Tool, Paid, Ages 0–5). A bedtime companion plush for ages 2 to 7 with a glowing dock that runs sleep routines, songs and calm-down activities. Around $299-349 with a starter app subscription; often sold out. Check what its microphone records and what the app costs later. - [Haivivi (BubblePal and CocoMate)](https://www.haivivi.com/) (Haivivi, 2024, Organization, Paid, Ages 5–8). A Chinese maker of clip-on AI voice pendants that turn any stuffed animal into a chatbot, part of a big AI toy boom in China. Its global store shows items unavailable; a good reminder that toy chatbots often route through overseas cloud services. - [Mattel and OpenAI team up on AI toys](https://techcrunch.com/2025/06/12/openai-and-barbie-maker-mattel-team-up-to-bring-generative-ai-to-toy-making-and-content-creation/) (TechCrunch, 2025, Article, Free). June 2025 news that the maker of Barbie, Hot Wheels and Fisher-Price signed a deal with OpenAI for AI-powered products and internal use. It set off the debate over chatbots in mainstream toys. No product had shipped as of late 2025. - [Scoop: Mattel's collaboration with OpenAI won't emerge this year](https://www.axios.com/2025/12/15/mattel-openai-toys-kids) (Axios, 2025, Article, Free). December 2025 report that Mattel would not release its first OpenAI product for the holidays, amid worries about AI and kids and other toymakers' missteps. Reports said future products may target older kids and families. Check for 2026 news. - [Statement on Mattel delaying release of its first toy with OpenAI](https://fairplayforkids.org/statement-on-mattel-delaying-release-of-its-first-toy-with-openai/) (Fairplay, 2025, Article, Free). The children's advocacy group Fairplay welcomes Mattel's pause and asks the company to make it permanent. Useful for seeing the advocates' case against chatbot toys for young children; it is advocacy, not neutral reporting. - [Mattel, Inc.](https://corporate.mattel.com/) (Mattel, 1945, Organization, Free). Corporate site of the world's second-largest toymaker (Barbie, Fisher-Price, Hot Wheels, Uno). Watch here for official news on its OpenAI partnership. Mattel's earlier Hello Barbie, a cloud-connected talking doll from 2015, drew heavy privacy criticism. ### AI-first schools - ★ [Alpha School](https://alpha.school/) (Alpha School, 2014, Organization, Paid). A private school network that does core academics in about two hours each morning with adaptive software and AI tutors, then spends afternoons on projects and life skills led by adult guides. Campuses in many states; high tuition. Its results come from the school itself. - [2 Hour Learning](https://2hourlearning.com/) (2 Hour Learning, 2022, Organization, Paid). The program behind Alpha School, offered to other schools and families: about two hours of AI-driven academics a day, then hands-on passions. Claims kids learn at least twice as fast, based on its own flagship-campus data with methods not shown. - [Synthesis](https://www.synthesis.com/) (Synthesis, 2019, Organization, Paid, Ages 5–8). The company that grew from Ad Astra, Elon Musk's experimental school at SpaceX. Besides the Tutor math app, it runs Synthesis Teams, online team strategy games for ages 8 to 14 meant to build decision-making and collaboration. ### Kid-safe chatbots - ★ [PinwheelAsk (formerly PinwheelGPT)](https://www.pinwheel.com/ask) (Pinwheel, 2023, App, Free + paid, Ages 8–12). A filtered AI chatbot for kids and teens from Pinwheel, the kids' phone maker. Answers are screened for age, and parents can read every chat from their own app. Free for 20 chats a month, then about $6 a month. - [Kidgeni](https://kidgeni.com/) (Kidgeni, 2023, App, Free + paid, Ages 5–8). A kid-safe AI studio for about ages 5 to 12 where children make art, stories, comics, coloring pages and short movies, inside an account a grown-up manages. Prompts and outputs are screened; no direct messaging. Free tier, paid plans. ### Companion robots - ★ [Miko 3](https://miko.ai/products/miko-3) (Miko, 2021, Tool, Paid, Ages 5–8). A rolling robot with a face screen and camera that chats, plays games and runs learning apps for ages 5 to 10. Lists at $299. Many apps sit behind the Miko Max subscription, it needs Wi-Fi, and testers got it to give unsafe answers. - [Miko Mini](https://miko.ai/products/miko-mini) (Miko, 2024, Tool, Paid, Ages 5–8). Miko's smaller, cheaper robot ($149 list, often discounted) with a screen face, voice chat, dance moves and simple learning content for roughly ages 5 to 10. It shares the Miko 3 catch: cloud-based, mic always ready, and the best content needs Miko Max. - [Miko Max (subscription)](https://miko.ai/products/miko-max) (Miko, 2023, Tool, Paid, Ages 5–8). The paid content plan for Miko robots: licensed shows, stories and games from partners such as Disney and Da Vinci Kids. App-store listings put it near $15 a month or about $90-100 a year. Without it, much of the robot is locked. - [Miko Mini vs Miko 3](https://miko.ai/pages/miko-mini-vs-miko-3) (Miko, Article, Free, Ages 5–8). Miko's own side-by-side of its two robots: size, camera, movement and which apps each runs. It is marketing from the seller, but it is the clearest place to see what the extra $150 buys before choosing. - [EMO](https://living.ai/emo/) (LivingAI, 2021, Tool, Paid). A palm-sized desk robot pet with an animated face that reacts to touch, sound and faces, dances and answers simple questions. Roughly $280-380 depending on bundle. Fun rather than educational; it has a camera and microphone and its smarter features need Wi-Fi. - [Eilik](https://store.energizelab.com/) (Energize Lab, 2022, Tool, Paid). A small desk robot with expressive animations that reacts to petting and interacts with other Eiliks. About $140. Its big plus is that it works offline, with no chatbot and no cloud account; the trade-off is that it does not talk or teach much. - [Vector 2.0](https://anki.bot/products/vector-robot) (Digital Dream Labs (Anki), 2018, Tool, Paid, Ages 8–12). A small forklift-shaped robot that roams a table, knows faces and answers questions, now via ChatGPT. About $190. It survived Anki's 2019 collapse only through a new owner; key voice features need a subscription, and fans keep it alive with the free Wire-Pod project. - [Anki / Digital Dream Labs store (Vector and Cozmo)](https://anki.bot/) (Digital Dream Labs, 2019, Organization, Paid, Ages 8–12). The current home of Anki's robots, Vector and Cozmo, after Digital Dream Labs bought the brand. Cozmo, a well-loved coding-friendly robot for kids, often shows as out of stock. A good case study in what happens to robots when their maker fails. - [Loona Petbot](https://keyirobot.com/products/petbot) (KEYi Tech, 2022, Tool, Paid, Ages 5–8). A dog-like rolling robot pet with a camera, face recognition, ChatGPT conversation, games and Blockly coding. Around $430-530. It is also a roaming camera you can view remotely, so check where video goes; battery life is about two hours. - [KEYi Tech (Loona maker)](https://keyirobot.com/) (KEYi Tech, 2014, Organization, Free). The company behind Loona and the older ClicBot modular robot. Its site carries many buyer guides comparing rival robots such as Emo, Eilik and Vector; useful, but written by a competitor that sells Loona, so read them as marketing. - ★ [Moxie robot maker abruptly shuts down](https://www.axios.com/2024/12/10/moxie-kids-robot-shuts-down) (Axios, 2024, Article, Free, Ages 5–8). The cautionary tale: Embodied's $799 Moxie, sold as a social-emotional coach for ages 5 to 10, stopped working when the company folded in December 2024, with no refunds. Volunteers built OpenMoxie to revive units; a 2025 relaunch under new owners also faltered. - [UBTECH Alpha Mini](https://www.ubtrobot.com/en/consumer/humanoid-robots/alpha-series/alpha-mini) (UBTECH, 2019, Tool, Paid, Ages 8–12). A 10-inch humanoid robot that dances, talks and can be coded with blocks or Python. UBTECH is a large Chinese robotics firm; this model is pricey and mostly sold for schools. Has a camera and microphone, so read the app's privacy terms. - [Casio Moflin](https://www.moflin.com/) (Casio, 2021, Tool, Paid). A furry, guinea-pig-like AI pet from Casio that develops its own moods and reactions to touch and voice over time. It does not talk or teach, which some parents prefer. Pricey for a plush, at several hundred dollars, and it needs regular charging. - [Enabot EBO home robots](https://www.enabot.com/) (Enabot, 2019, Tool, Paid). Small rolling robots sold to watch kids and pets from your phone, talk through them and play simple games. They are essentially mobile cameras with microphones in your home, so treat them as security cameras: strong passwords, check cloud storage terms. ### Cameras and creative gadgets - [Stickerbox](https://stickerbox.com/products/stickerbox) (Stickerbox, 2025, Tool, Paid, Ages 5–8). A small box that turns a child's spoken idea ('a dragon made of clouds') into a printed black-and-white sticker to color, using AI image generation. About $130 plus paper. Creative and screen-free, but it records voice prompts and needs Wi-Fi. - [Bird Buddy](https://mybirdbuddy.com/) (Bird Buddy, 2020, Tool, Free + paid). A camera bird feeder that photographs visitors and uses AI to name the species, sending pictures to your phone. A gentle way to get kids into nature and science. Costs a couple hundred dollars; extra AI features need a paid plan. - [DWARF Mini Smart Telescope](https://www.dwarflab.com/us/products/dwarf-mini-smart-telescope) (DWARFLAB, 2025, Tool, Paid, Ages 8–12). A small app-controlled smart telescope that finds, tracks and stacks images of the Moon, planets and galaxies automatically. A family science gadget rather than a kids' toy; needs a phone, patience and dark skies. Several hundred dollars. - [myFirst](https://www.myfirst.tech/) (myFirst (Oaxis), 2017, Organization, Paid, Ages 5–8). A Singapore brand of kid tech: the myFirst Camera line of instant-print and digital cameras, kids' headphones and watches. Simple and sturdy; a UK parents' guide named its camera best for younger kids at around $80. - [Best cameras for kids](https://www.techradar.com/best/best-cameras-for-kids) (TechRadar, 2025, Review, Free). TechRadar's tested guide to cameras for young children and teens, from rugged VTech KidiZoom models to real compact and instant cameras. Honest about weak image quality and built-in games on toy cameras. - [Best kids' camera for budding photographers](https://www.mumsnet.com/swearsby/best-kids-camera) (Mumsnet, 2026, Review, Free, Ages 5–8). A UK parenting site's 2026 roundup of kids' cameras, including myFirst Camera 2, Instax Mini 12 and VTech KidiZoom. Parent-focused, with prices in pounds; contains affiliate links. - [Nanit Smart Baby Monitor](https://www.nanit.com/) (Nanit, 2016, Tool, Paid, Ages 0–5). An overhead camera baby monitor that uses computer vision to track sleep and breathing motion and sends reports to your phone. Popular, but the best features need a subscription, video goes to the cloud, and it is not a medical device. - [Owlet Dream Sock](https://owletcare.com/) (Owlet, 2012, Tool, Paid, Ages 0–5). A smart sock that tracks a baby's heart rate and oxygen; a version gained FDA clearance in 2023 after an earlier FDA warning letter. Pairs with the Owlet Cam. Pediatric groups caution against relying on home monitors to prevent SIDS. ### AI learning gadgets - [Yoto Player (4th Gen)](https://us.yotoplay.com/players/yoto-player-4) (Yoto, 2026, Tool, Paid, Ages 0–5). A screen-free audio player for ages 3 and up: kids slot in cards for stories, music and podcasts. Not an AI product, and no microphone or camera on the player, which is the point. $149.99; cards and the optional club cost extra. - [Yoto](https://us.yotoplay.com/) (Yoto, 2017, Organization, Paid, Ages 0–5). The company behind Yoto players and Mini, with a large library of audiobooks and podcasts on physical cards. A popular low-tech alternative to chatty AI toys; grown-ups can record their own stories in the app. Wi-Fi needed to download cards. - [Toniebox](https://us.tonies.com/pages/tonieboxes) (tonies, 2016, Tool, Paid, Ages 0–5). A soft cube speaker that plays a story or song when a child places a character figurine on top. The Toniebox 2 arrived in 2025. No chatbot; figurines run about $15-20 each, and the Creative Tonie lets you load your own recordings. - [LeapFrog](https://www.leapfrog.com/en-us/home) (LeapFrog (VTech), 1995, Organization, Paid, Ages 0–5). Long-running maker of learning toys and kids' tablets (LeapPad, LeapStart) with phonics and math games for preschool and early grades. Mostly pre-scripted content rather than generative AI. Owned by VTech, which paid a 2018 FTC penalty over a 2015 data breach. - [VTech Kids](https://www.vtechkids.com/) (VTech, 1976, Organization, Paid, Ages 0–5). Maker of KidiZoom cameras, KidiBuzz devices and electronic learning toys. Mostly scripted content, which is predictable. In 2018 VTech settled FTC charges after a 2015 breach exposed data on millions of children, a reminder to check any connected toy's app. - [Fisher-Price](https://shop.mattel.com/pages/fisher-price) (Mattel, 1930, Organization, Paid, Ages 0–5). Mattel's baby and preschool brand, home of smart learning toys like Code-a-pillar and Linkimals. Most are screen-free and offline. Its parent company's OpenAI deal means future Fisher-Price products could add AI, so watch for announcements. - [Osmo](https://www.playosmo.com/) (Osmo, 2014, Tool, Paid, Ages 5–8). Hands-on learning games where a mirror clip lets an iPad or Fire tablet camera see tiles, drawings and pieces on the table, for ages 3 to 10. Clever computer-vision play, but its owner Byju's financial collapse raises questions about long-term support. - [Nex Playground](https://www.nexplayground.com/) (Nex, 2023, Tool, Free + paid, Ages 5–8). A small camera console for the TV that uses AI motion tracking so kids play active games with their whole body, no controller. No ads or in-app purchases, but the full game library needs a Play Pass subscription. It is a camera in your living room. - [C-Pen Reader](https://cpen.com/) (C-Pen, 2006, Tool, Paid, Ages 8–12). A pen-shaped scanner that reads printed words aloud, defines them and translates, aimed at kids and adults with dyslexia. The Reader 3 runs several hundred dollars. Works offline. Helps access text; it is not a reading teacher. - [Scanning Pens (ReaderPen)](https://www.scanningpens.com/) (Scanning Pens, 2003, Tool, Paid, Ages 8–12). UK maker of reading pens (ReaderPen, ExamReader) that scan a line of text and speak it, used widely in schools for students with reading difficulties. Exam versions are approved for some tests. Pricey, but no account or subscription needed. - [C-Pen Reader review: is it the right reading pen for dyslexia?](https://www.assistivetech.com.au/blogs/news/c-pen-reader-review-is-it-the-right-reading-pen-for-dyslexia-and-print-disability) (Assistive Tech Australia, Review, Free, Ages 8–12). A plain-language review of reading pens from an Australian assistive-tech shop: how the scanning works, who benefits and the limits. Written by a seller of the pens, so weigh the enthusiasm, but practical for parents of kids with dyslexia. - [Pocketalk](https://pocketalk.com/) (Pocketalk, 2017, Tool, Paid). A handheld two-way voice translator with a screen and built-in data plan, covering about 90 languages. Used in schools to talk with newcomer families. Roughly $175-315 depending on model. Speech goes to the cloud for translation. - [Timekettle translator earbuds](https://www.timekettle.co/) (Timekettle, 2016, Tool, Paid, Teens). Earbuds that translate a conversation in near real time, with each person wearing one bud. Handy for multilingual families and travel. Models run from about $130 to $450. Accuracy varies by language and accent; most modes need a phone and connection. - [Yoto vs. Toniebox: here's how they compare](https://www.sheknows.com/parenting/articles/1234944198/yoto-vs-toniebox/) (SheKnows, Review, Free, Ages 0–5). A side-by-side of the two most popular screen-free audio players for young kids: controls, content cost, age fit and durability. Neither uses AI, which many parents count as a plus. Affiliate-supported. ### Coding and STEM robots - ★ [Sphero BOLT+](https://sphero.com/products/sphero-bolt-plus) (Sphero, 2023, Tool, Paid, Ages 8–12). A clear ball robot with a light matrix, screen and sensors that kids drive and program with drawing, blocks, then JavaScript or Python. $199. A reviewers' favorite for ages 8 and up. Needs a tablet or computer; no chatbot. - [Sphero indi](https://sphero.com/products/indi-student-kit) (Sphero, 2021, Tool, Paid, Ages 0–5). A small car robot for pre-K and up that kids program by laying colored tiles in its path, no screen needed; an app adds more later. $150 for the student kit. A strong first coding toy for 4 to 7 year olds. - [Sphero RVR+](https://sphero.com/products/rvr) (Sphero, 2023, Tool, Paid, Teens). A sturdy, hackable driving robot for middle and high school that works with micro:bit, Raspberry Pi and Arduino add-ons. $339. Good for older kids who want to build their own projects, including camera and AI experiments on a Pi. - [Sphero](https://sphero.com/) (Sphero, 2010, Organization, Some free). Colorado company behind BOLT, indi, RVR and littleBits, now focused on K-12 classrooms and AI literacy lessons. Its free Sphero Edu app and missions work at home too. Robots are durable and keep working without subscriptions. - [Dash robot](https://store.makewonder.com/products/dash) (Wonder Workshop, 2014, Tool, Paid, Ages 5–8). A friendly two-wheeled robot that kids ages 6 to 11 program with picture and block apps to drive, talk, sing and solve challenges. $189.99 after a 2025 tariff increase. Long-proven in classrooms; needs a tablet. - [Wonder Workshop](https://www.makewonder.com/) (Wonder Workshop, 2012, Organization, Paid, Ages 5–8). Maker of the Dash and Dot robots and the Wonder League robotics competition. Its apps (Blockly, Wonder, Path) go from tap-to-move to real code. Prices rose in 2025 because of tariffs on robots made in the Philippines. - [Botley the Coding Robot](https://www.amazon.com/dp/B077MRB975) (Learning Resources, 2017, Tool, Paid, Ages 5–8). A screen-free robot for ages 5 and up programmed with a handheld remote of arrow buttons, plus obstacles to build mazes. Usually about $60-90. Often recommended as a first coding toy because there is no app, account or internet. - [Cubetto](https://primotoys.com/) (Primo Toys, 2016, Tool, Paid, Ages 0–5). A wooden robot that children ages 3 to 6 program by placing colored blocks in a board; Montessori-inspired and totally screen-free. Expensive for what it is (around $200-250), but it teaches sequencing well and has no data collection. - [Bee-Bot and Blue-Bot](https://www.tts-group.co.uk/programmable-robots/bee-bot/) (TTS, 2004, Tool, Paid, Ages 0–5). The classic bee-shaped floor robot used in many preschools and primary schools: press arrow buttons to program a path on a mat. Blue-Bot adds Bluetooth and an app. Simple, sturdy and offline; often pricier than toy-store lookalikes. - [KIBO](https://kinderlabrobotics.com/) (KinderLab Robotics, 2014, Tool, Paid, Ages 0–5). A screen-free wooden robot for ages 4 to 7 that kids program by scanning a line of wooden blocks; built on Tufts University research by Marina Bers. Sold mainly to schools at classroom prices. - [Ozobot Evo](https://ozobot.com/collections/evo-coding-robots-new) (Ozobot, 2017, Tool, Paid, Ages 5–8). A thumb-sized robot that follows lines and reads color codes kids draw with markers, then moves on to block coding in a browser. A cheap-to-start, screen-optional option for ages 6 and up, at roughly $100-150. - [Ozobot Ari](https://ozobot.com/collections/ari-coding-robots) (Ozobot, 2024, Tool, Paid, Ages 8–12). Ozobot's newer classroom robot with a screen face, sensors and lessons tied to math, science and computer science for K-12. The entry kit is $250. Mostly sold to schools; worth knowing if your child uses one in class. - [Makeblock mBot2](https://www.makeblock.com/products/buy-mbot2) (Makeblock, 2021, Tool, Paid, Ages 8–12). A metal-frame build-it-yourself robot car with sensors and a CyberPi brain, coded in Scratch-style blocks or Python, with some built-in AI and speech features. $149.99. A common pick for ages 8 to 14 and robotics clubs. - [Makeblock Codey Rocky](https://www.makeblock.com/pages/codey-rocky-robot-toys-for-kids) (Makeblock, 2018, Tool, Paid, Ages 5–8). A small wheeled robot with a face screen for ages 6 and up, coded with Scratch-based blocks or Python. It includes simple AI demos such as face and speech recognition that call cloud services, so read the app's data terms. - [Makeblock](https://www.makeblock.com/) (Makeblock, 2013, Organization, Paid). Shenzhen-based maker of mBot robots, CyberPi and the mBlock coding app, used widely in schools worldwide. Its mBlock software includes AI and machine-learning extensions. Products are affordable and long supported. - [Edison robot](https://meetedison.com/) (Microbric, 2014, Tool, Paid, Ages 5–8). An inexpensive, LEGO-compatible classroom robot that reads barcodes and runs programs written in picture blocks, Scratch-style blocks or Python. Free lessons online. A budget pick for schools and families starting at about age 5. - [Marty the Robot](https://robotical.io/) (Robotical, 2016, Tool, Paid, Ages 8–12). A walking, dancing humanoid robot from Scotland that kids program with blocks, Scratch or Python. Marty V2 runs a few hundred dollars and is aimed at ages 6 to 14. It has a microphone and optional sensors; no chatbot. - [Robo Wunderkind](https://www.robowunderkind.com/) (Robo Wunderkind, 2016, Tool, Paid, Ages 5–8). Snap-together robotics cubes (motors, sensors, lights) for ages 5 and up, coded with a tablet app from picture blocks to Swift. LEGO-compatible. Its blog has a robot buyer's guide, written by a seller, so read it as such. - [BirdBrain Technologies (Finch and Hummingbird)](https://www.birdbraintechnologies.com/) (BirdBrain Technologies, 2010, Organization, Paid, Ages 8–12). A Pittsburgh company spun out of Carnegie Mellon research that makes the Finch robot and Hummingbird robotics kits, both run by a micro:bit. Strong free curriculum. Sold mostly to schools; good for ages 8 and up. - [Thymio](https://www.thymio.org/) (Mobsya / EPFL, 2011, Tool, Paid, Ages 8–12). An open-source educational robot from Swiss university EPFL, packed with sensors and programmable visually or in text. Popular in European schools; affordable and offline. Good for curious kids ages 6 and up. - [MatataStudio coding robots](https://www.matatastudio.com/) (MatataStudio, 2017, Tool, Paid, Ages 0–5). Maker of screen-free tangible coding sets (MatataLab) where kids aged 3 to 9 place blocks on a board to steer a small robot, plus a later VinciBot. A Cubetto alternative at a lower price. - ★ [LEGO Education Computer Science & AI](https://education.lego.com/en-us/lego-education-computer-science-and-ai/) (LEGO Education, 2026, Tool, Paid, Ages 5–8). LEGO's new classroom line (K-2, 3-5 and 6-8 kits, from about $340 per group kit) teaching coding and AI basics such as how computers classify data. No student logins and work saved locally. Sold to schools, built for groups of four. - [SPIKE Portfolio Retirement: What Users Need to Know](https://education.lego.com/en-us/spike-update-2026/) (LEGO Education, 2026, Guide, Free, Ages 8–12). LEGO's notice that SPIKE Prime and SPIKE Essential stopped selling June 30, 2026. The SPIKE app is supported to June 30, 2031, spare parts for two years, and FIRST LEGO League allows SPIKE through 2027-28. Read before buying a used kit. - ★ [micro:bit](https://microbit.org/) (Micro:bit Educational Foundation, 2016, Organization, Some free, Ages 8–12). A credit-card-sized programmable computer (about $15-30) with lights, buttons, sensors and a speaker, coded free in a browser. Nonprofit, used in schools in 60+ countries, and the base for many robot kits. One of the best-value tech gifts for ages 8 and up. - [micro:bit CreateAI](https://microbit.org/get-started/features/ai/) (Micro:bit Educational Foundation, 2024, Tool, Free, Ages 8–12). A free browser tool where kids train a machine-learning model on their own movements (clap, wave, jump) using the micro:bit's motion sensor, then code with it. No login. A hands-on way to see how AI learns from data. Needs a V2 board to run models. - [Launching micro:bit CreateAI](https://microbit.org/news/2024-11-20/microbit-CreateAI-launch/) (Micro:bit Educational Foundation, 2024, Article, Free, Ages 8–12). The nonprofit's November 2024 launch post explaining why it built CreateAI: to let children make, not just use, simple AI models and talk about data, bias and accuracy. Includes classroom lesson links. - [ELECFREAKS micro:bit kits](https://shop.elecfreaks.com/) (ELECFREAKS, 2011, Tool, Paid, Ages 8–12). A Shenzhen maker of micro:bit add-ons such as the Cutebot car, sensor kits and Nezha building sets. Affordable ways to turn a micro:bit into a robot. Quality is fine for learning; check that the kit includes the micro:bit itself. - [Thames & Kosmos](https://thamesandkosmos.com/) (Thames & Kosmos, 2001, Organization, Paid, Ages 5–8). Maker of science and engineering kits, including Kids First Coding & Robotics, a screen-free card-coding robot for kindergarten to second grade, and Kosmos robotics sets. No accounts or chatbots; build quality and instructions are generally good. - [Root rt1 coding robot](https://make.co/gift-guides/root-rt1-irobot-coding-robot-programmable-stem-steam-toy-that-grows-with-you/) (Make:, Review, Free, Ages 8–12). Make: magazine's gift-guide write-up of iRobot's Root, a robot that drives on whiteboards, draws and erases, coded from picture blocks up to Python. iRobot's own education site no longer loads, so check support and app availability before buying. ### Robot kits for teens - [Makeblock CyberPi](https://www.makeblock.com/products/buy-cyberpi) (Makeblock, 2021, Tool, Paid, Ages 8–12). A handheld microcontroller with a color screen, sensors and Wi-Fi that teaches block and Python coding and simple machine-learning projects. $54.99. The brain of mBot2, also usable on its own. - [Raspberry Pi AI Camera](https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/ai-camera/) (Raspberry Pi, 2024, Tool, Paid, Teens). A $70 Sony-sensor camera for any Raspberry Pi that runs vision AI (object or pose detection) on the camera itself. Lets teens build projects like a bird counter or gesture control with on-device AI and no cloud account. Needs a Pi and some Linux comfort. - [Raspberry Pi AI HAT+ 2 review](https://www.tomshardware.com/raspberry-pi/raspberry-pi-ai-hat-plus-2-review) (Tom's Hardware, 2026, Review, Free, Teens). Tom's Hardware tests the January 2026 add-on board ($130) that lets a Raspberry Pi 5 run small generative AI models locally, plus the older $70-110 AI HAT+ boards. Honest about the cost; for teens who want to run AI without the cloud. - [Raspberry Pi Foundation](https://www.raspberrypi.org/) (Raspberry Pi Foundation, 2009, Organization, Free, Ages 8–12). The UK charity behind the cheap Raspberry Pi computer's education work: free projects, Code Club, and Experience AI lessons built with Google DeepMind. A starting point for families wanting to build real things with code and hardware. - [Arduino Education](https://www.arduino.cc/education/) (Arduino, 2005, Organization, Paid, Teens). The Italian open-source electronics platform's school line: starter kits, the Alvik robot and lessons for middle and high school. Teaches wiring, sensors and C-style code. No subscriptions, huge online community. - [Petoi Bittle X](https://www.petoi.com/products/petoi-robot-dog-bittle-x-voice-controlled) (Petoi, 2024, Tool, Paid, Teens). An open-source palm-sized robot dog kit that teens build, then program with blocks, Arduino or Python; it takes about 35 voice commands offline and can link to ChatGPT. About $280-320. Petoi suggests ages 10 and up. - [Petoi](https://www.petoi.com/) (Petoi, 2019, Organization, Paid, Teens). Maker of the Bittle robot dog and Nybble robot cat, open-source kits used in schools and maker clubs. Good documentation and community; the kits are fiddly to assemble, which is part of the learning. - [Unitree Go2](https://www.unitree.com/go2/) (Unitree Robotics, 2023, Tool, Paid, Teens). A real four-legged robot dog with lidar and AI features that walks, climbs and follows its owner. Adult-priced (about $1,600 at launch for the base Air, roughly $3,800 for Pro in 2026) and a strong motor, so this is a supervised family or school project. - [UBTECH uKit Explore](https://www.ubtrobot.com/en/ai-education/products/ukit-explore) (UBTECH, 2021, Tool, Paid, Ages 8–12). A multi-form robot building kit from UBTECH's school line for teaching coding, sensors and AI projects. Aimed at classrooms, not toy shelves. UBTECH also makes Jimu kits, whose app Mozilla's privacy guide once flagged for lacking a clear privacy policy. - [UBTECH Robotics](https://www.ubtrobot.com/en/) (UBTECH, 2012, Organization, Paid). Large Chinese robotics firm making humanoid robots, Alpha and Jimu kits for families and uKit lines for schools. Products range from toy to industrial. Check app data practices; past kids' apps drew privacy criticism. - [ROBOTIS](https://robotis.us/) (ROBOTIS, 1999, Organization, Paid, Teens). Korean maker of Dynamixel servos and the ROBOTIS Dream, Play and Bioloid kits, plus TurtleBot research robots. Spans young builders to university labs; a good path for teens getting serious about robotics competitions. - [Hiwonder](https://www.hiwonder.com/) (Hiwonder, 2013, Organization, Paid, Teens). Chinese maker of AI vision robot kits (robot arms, humanoids, rovers) built on Raspberry Pi, Jetson and ESP32 boards. Good value for advanced teens; documentation quality varies and parts are complex. - [ELEGOO STEM kits](https://www.elegoo.com/) (ELEGOO, 2015, Organization, Paid, Teens). Budget Arduino-compatible starter kits and smart robot cars, plus 3D printers. A cheap way for teens to learn electronics; tutorials are basic and assume some patience. - [DFRobot](https://www.dfrobot.com/) (DFRobot, 2008, Organization, Paid, Teens). Open-source hardware company selling sensors, AI vision modules like HuskyLens, and robot kits for micro:bit and Arduino. HuskyLens is a simple way for teens to try on-device face and object recognition. - [FIRST](https://www.firstinspires.org/) (FIRST, 1989, Organization, Some free). The nonprofit that runs FIRST LEGO League, FIRST Tech Challenge and FIRST Robotics Competition, team programs from ages 4 to 18. The best-known way for kids to build robots with mentors; team fees and kits cost money. ### Smart speakers and displays - [Echo Dot Kids](https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09B9CD1YB) (Amazon, 2022, Tool, Paid, Ages 5–8). A kids' Echo Dot in an owl or dragon design with child-tuned Alexa answers, a year of Amazon Kids+ content and controls in the Parent Dashboard. Often $30-60. Kids+ then renews from about $5 a month, and Alexa always listens for its wake word. - [Amazon kids' devices (Echo Kids, Fire Kids tablets)](https://www.amazon.com/b?node=23982227011) (Amazon, Tool, Paid, Ages 5–8). Amazon's storefront for its kids' line: Echo Dot Kids, Echo Show 5 Kids (a small screen with a camera for approved video calls) and Fire Kids tablets with bumper cases and two-year warranties. All lean on the Amazon Kids+ subscription. - [Amazon Parent Dashboard](https://parents.amazon.com/intro) (Amazon, 2019, Tool, Free, Ages 5–8). Where parents set time limits, approve contacts, filter content and review activity for kids' Echo, Fire and Kindle profiles. Worth a visit after setup; reviewers note controls are spread across several Amazon apps. - [Amazon agrees to $25 million penalty over children's Alexa data](https://www.justice.gov/archives/opa/pr/amazon-agrees-injunctive-relief-and-25-million-civil-penalty-alleged-violations-childrens) (U.S. Department of Justice, 2023, Article, Free). The 2023 FTC and DOJ settlement after Amazon kept children's Alexa voice recordings indefinitely and kept transcripts even after parents asked for deletion. Amazon paid $25 million and must delete inactive kids' data. A key read before buying any voice device. - [Set up Google Nest or Home speakers or displays for your child](https://support.google.com/googlehome/answer/9159927) (Google, Guide, Free, Ages 5–8). Google's help page for using Nest speakers and displays with a child's supervised account: Voice Match, Family Link, media filters, downtime and YouTube limits. Necessary reading, since Google's speakers do not have a separate kids' model. - [How to set up Google Nest parental controls](https://www.bark.us/guides/smart-home-google-nest/) (Bark, Guide, Free, Ages 5–8). A step-by-step parent guide to restricting Google Nest speakers and displays. Written by Bark, which sells monitoring tools and the Bark Phone, but the steps are clear and practical. - [Amazon brings Echo Dot Kids to the UK](https://www.techadvisor.com/article/744170/amazon-brings-echo-dot-kids-to-the-uk-with-kids-on-alexa-support.html) (Tech Advisor, Article, Free, Ages 5–8). Tech Advisor's explainer on the Echo Dot Kids and the Kids on Alexa features in the UK: what changes for child profiles, what content is included and how the subscription works. Useful for families outside the U.S. ### Kids' phones and watches - [Bark Phone](https://www.bark.us/bark-phone/) (Bark, 2022, Tool, Paid, Ages 8–12). A Samsung Android phone with Bark's monitoring built in: it scans texts and apps for danger signs, blocks apps and sets schedules. Real cost is about $45-95 a month all-in after device payments and plans. Monitoring this deep is a family conversation. - [Bark Phone review: plans, controls and real monthly costs](https://impulsec.com/parental-control-software/bark-phone-review/) (Impulsec, 2026, Review, Free, Ages 8–12). An October 2026 independent review that adds up the true monthly bill for a Bark Phone (device installments plus service) and weighs its controls. Rates it 3.4 out of 5. Good for budgeting. - [Gabb](https://gabb.com/) (Gabb Wireless, 2018, Tool, Paid, Ages 8–12). Utah carrier selling kid phones and watches with no open internet or social media and a vetted app store. Phone plans start near $25-40 a month and the Phone 4 runs about $150. Controls live at the network level, so you must use Gabb's service. - [Gabb service plans and family rates](https://gabb.com/support/en/articles/11164548-gabb-service-plans-and-family-rates) (Gabb Wireless, Guide, Free, Ages 8–12). Gabb's official plan page: Starter, Standard and Advanced tiers for the Gabb Phone 4 and 4 Pro, family-line discounts and contract terms. Check here for current prices before comparing with Pinwheel or Troomi. - [Pinwheel](https://www.pinwheel.com/) (Pinwheel, 2020, Tool, Paid, Ages 8–12). Kid-safe Android phones that run Pinwheel's software on your choice of carrier, with a curated library of about 1,000 rated apps, contact approval and a parent portal. Software costs about $15 a month on top of service. - [Pinwheel vs Troomi](https://www.pinwheel.com/pinwheel-vs-troomi) (Pinwheel, Article, Free, Ages 8–12). Pinwheel's comparison with rival Troomi on apps, carriers and price. It is a competitor's page, so expect it to favor Pinwheel, but it lays out the real differences: carrier choice, app library size and fees. - [Troomi](https://troomi.com/) (Troomi Wireless, 2020, Tool, Paid, Ages 8–12). Kid-safe smartphones and watches on Troomi's own network, with parent-approved apps, filtered browsing and settings that loosen as kids grow. Plans roughly $20-30 a month plus the phone. Some apps cost extra; must use its service. - [Best phones for kids: Gabb, Pinwheel and Troomi compared](https://www.defendyoungminds.com/post/best-phones-for-kids-comparison-guide-gabb-pinwheel-troomi) (Defend Young Minds, Review, Free, Ages 8–12). A comparison of the three big U.S. kid-phone brands from a nonprofit focused on protecting kids from pornography. Clear on carriers, apps and fees; prices in it may be out of date, so confirm on each brand's site. - [Set up Apple Watch for a family member](https://support.apple.com/en-us/109036) (Apple, 2020, Guide, Free, Ages 8–12). Apple's guide to setting up a cellular Apple Watch for a child who has no iPhone (formerly Family Setup, now Apple Watch For Your Kids): calls, Find My location, Schooltime and approved contacts. Needs a cellular plan and a parent iPhone. - [How to set up an Apple Watch for a child](https://www.engadget.com/wearables/how-to-set-up-an-apple-watch-for-a-child-120051230.html) (Engadget, Guide, Free, Ages 8–12). Engadget's walkthrough of setting up an Apple Watch for a kid, including which models qualify, the child's Apple Account and what features you can turn off. Pairs well with Apple's official page. - [Verizon launches Gizmo Watch 4 for kids](https://www.verizon.com/about/news/verizon-launches-gizmo-watch-4-for-kids) (Verizon, 2026, Article, Free, Ages 5–8). Verizon's July 2026 launch of its kids' smartwatch: location tracking, safe zones, school mode, up to 40 trusted contacts, no social media or web browser. Retail about $180 plus a $10 monthly line. Company announcement. - [Gizmo Watch 4 by Verizon is a kid's first wearable, not a phone](https://the-gadgeteer.com/2026/07/15/verizon-gizmo-watch-4/) (The Gadgeteer, 2026, Article, Free, Ages 5–8). A tech site's look at the Gizmo Watch 4, including its Gizmo AI voice assistant, battery life and parent app. Helpful for deciding whether a watch is enough before a first phone. - [Fitbit Ace LTE](https://store.google.com/product/fitbit_ace_lte?hl=en-US) (Google, 2024, Tool, Paid, Ages 8–12). Google's kids' smartwatch for ages 7 and up that turns movement into game play, plus calls, messages and location through the Fitbit Ace app. Needs a monthly Ace Pass plan. No open internet or social apps. - [TickTalk 6](https://www.myticktalk.com/products/ticktalk-6) (TickTalk, 2026, Tool, Paid, Ages 5–8). A GPS phone watch for ages 3 to 12 with voice and video calls, texting, SOS and parental controls; no games, social media or internet. $169.99 plus a service plan. A video camera on the wrist, so set who can call. - [Xplora kids smartwatches](https://shop.myxplora.com/) (Xplora, 2016, Tool, Paid, Ages 5–8). A Norwegian brand popular in Europe and now the U.S., selling GPS phone watches such as the XGO3 ($129.99) with calls, messages and step-based rewards. Needs a SIM plan. No open internet. - [Spacetalk](https://spacetalk.co/en-us) (Spacetalk, 2016, Tool, Paid, Ages 5–8). An Australian kids' smartwatch with calling, GPS, SOS and a parent app, also sold in the U.S. and UK. Plans required. One of the older names in the category; check carrier compatibility where you live. ## Learning apps, sites and games The established places kids learn online, from PBS Kids to Scratch, and the sites that review them. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/learning-apps ### Early years all-in-one - [PBS KIDS Games](https://pbskids.org/games) (PBS KIDS, Game, Free, Ages 0–5). The free web arcade from public TV: hundreds of short games starring Daniel Tiger, Wild Kratts, Molly of Denali and other shows, each tied to a learning goal. No sign-up, and a good first stop for preschoolers. - ★ [PBS KIDS Games app](https://pbskids.org/apps/play-pbs-kids-games) (PBS KIDS, 2016, App, Free, Ages 0–5). The same PBS games bundled in one phone and tablet app, with games you can download for offline play. Free, with no ads and no in-app purchases, in English and Spanish. - ★ [Khan Academy Kids](https://www.khanacademy.org/kids) (Khan Academy (nonprofit), 2018, App, Free, Ages 0–5). A free, ad-free app for ages 2 to 8 with thousands of reading, math and social-emotional activities led by Kodi the bear. Curriculum built with Stanford experts; schools can buy a classroom version. No subscriptions for families. - [Khan Academy Kids improves pre-literacy skills in preschoolers, research confirms](https://blog.khanacademy.org/khan-academy-kids-improves-pre-literacy-skills-in-preschoolers-research-confirms/) (Khan Academy blog, Article, Free, Ages 0–5). Khan Academy's own write-up of a University of Massachusetts Amherst trial in which preschoolers who used the app gained more on early literacy measures than a comparison group. Useful, but it is the vendor summarizing a study about its product. - [Duck Duck Moose](https://www.duckduckmoose.com/) (Duck Duck Moose (Khan Academy), 2008, App, Free, Ages 0–5). About twenty small toddler and preschool apps (Moose Math, Build A Truck, Pet Bingo and more). The studio is now owned by Khan Academy, and the App Store listings say every app is free with no ads or subscriptions. - [ABCmouse Early Learning Academy](https://www.abcmouse.com/) (Age of Learning, 2010, App, Paid, Ages 0–5). A large paid curriculum for ages 2 to 8: reading, math, science and art lessons along a step-by-step path, with tickets and a virtual room as rewards. Many public libraries offer free access in the branch or with a card. - [ABCmouse to pay $10 million to settle FTC charges of illegal marketing and billing practices](https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2020/09/childrens-online-learning-program-abcmouse-pay-10-million-settle-ftc-charges-illegal-marketing) (US Federal Trade Commission, 2020, Report, Free). The FTC said ABCmouse made it hard to cancel and did not clearly disclose auto-renewal; the company settled for $10 million without admitting wrongdoing. A reminder to check how any kids' app subscription renews and cancels. - [HOMER](https://www.learnwithhomer.com/) (Begin (HOMER by Begin), 2014, App, Paid, Ages 0–5). A subscription app for ages 2 to 8 built around a phonics path, plus stories, math and social-emotional lessons, personalized by age and interests. About $60 a year or $10 a month. The company's 74% reading-gain claim is its own marketing. - [Can an app close the literacy gap? Efficacy study of Learn With Homer](https://site-static.learnwithhomer.com/static/pdf/can-an-app-close-the-literacy-gap-efficacy-learn-with-homer-susan-neuman-nyu.pdf) (Susan B. Neuman, NYU (hosted by HOMER), Study, Free, Ages 0–5). The study behind HOMER's headline claim, run by literacy researcher Susan Neuman: preschoolers using the app for a few weeks gained more on early reading tests than a control group. Short trial, small sample, hosted by the company. - ★ [Starfall](https://www.starfall.com/h/) (Starfall Education Foundation (nonprofit), 2002, Game, Free + paid, Ages 5–8). A long-running nonprofit site that teaches reading through phonics songs and animations, pre-K to grade 5. The four-step learn-to-read path is free; a low-cost membership adds math and more grades. No ads and no data collection from children. - [Sesame Street app](https://sesameworkshop.org/resources/sesame-street-app/) (Sesame Workshop (nonprofit), 2014, App, Free, Ages 0–5). The official free Sesame Street app: more than 100 games and hundreds of clips and songs for toddlers to kindergartners, ad-free, with an optional free account to save favorites. Sesame Workshop also makes several smaller single-topic apps. - [Lingokids](https://lingokids.com/) (Lingokids (Monkimun), 2015, App, Free + paid, Ages 0–5). A playful app for roughly ages 2 to 8 that started as English-language learning and now covers early academics and life skills through songs, games and videos. Free tier with limits; the full app is a paid subscription. No ads. - [Sago Mini](https://sagomini.com/) (Sago Mini (Spin Master), App, Paid, Ages 0–5). Gentle, open-ended play apps for ages 2 and up (Sago Mini World, School, First Words), with free printables. Apps come through a World subscription or Spin Master's Piknik bundle, which also includes some Toca Boca apps. - [Toca Boca](https://tocaboca.com/) (Toca Boca (Spin Master), 2010, App, Free + paid, Ages 5–8). Makers of Toca Boca World, a digital dollhouse where kids build places and act out stories. Free to download and ad-free, but much of the world sits behind in-app purchases, so a purchase password is worth setting. Pretend play rather than lessons. - [Originator Endless series](https://www.originatorkids.com/) (Originator Inc., 2013, App, Free + paid, Ages 0–5). Endless Alphabet, Endless Reader, Endless Numbers, Endless Spanish and the Endless Learning Academy: funny animated monsters act out letters, sight words and numbers. Some content is free, with the rest unlocked by purchase or subscription. - [Montessori Preschool](https://edokiclub.com/) (Edoki Academy, 2016, App, Paid, Ages 0–5). A subscription app for ages 3 to 7 that turns Montessori-style activities (sound-letter work, counting beads, practical life, music) into tablet play, in several languages. A digital take on Montessori, not an official Montessori body. - [ABCya](https://www.abcya.com/) (ABCya (IXL Learning), Game, Free + paid, Ages 5–8). A big library of short browser games for pre-K to grade 6, sorted by grade: letters, typing, math facts, puzzles. Free on the web with ads; a premium plan removes them. Popular in classrooms for free-choice time. - [Funbrain](https://www.funbrain.com) (Funbrain, 1997, Game, Free, Ages 5–8). One of the oldest kids' game sites: arcade-style math and reading games plus online comics and books for grades preK to 8. Free with ads, which is the trade-off to know about. - [CBeebies](https://www.bbc.co.uk/cbeebies) (BBC, Game, Free, Ages 0–5). The BBC's preschool channel online, with games, shows and printables from its programs. No ads. Some video plays only in the UK, but many games work anywhere. ### Reading and books - [Chinese education company wins battle to buy reading platform Epic for $95M](https://marketbrief.edweek.org/financing-investment/chinese-education-company-wins-battle-to-buy-reading-platform-epic-for-95m/2025/06) (EdWeek Market Brief, 2025, Article, Some free). Trade reporting on how Epic was sold during BYJU's financial collapse. Useful background if you wonder who owns your child's reading app and why its terms may change. May be paywalled. - [Hooked on Phonics](https://www.hookedonphonics.com/) (Hooked on Phonics, 1987, App, Paid, Ages 5–8). The classic step-by-step phonics program, now an app paired with mailed storybooks and workbooks, for pre-readers through grade 2. One sound at a time, then a short book that uses it. Paid subscription. - ★ [Teach Your Monster to Read](https://www.teachyourmonster.org/) (Teach Your Monster (Usborne Foundation charity), 2012, Game, Free + paid, Ages 5–8). Kids design a monster and teach it letters and sounds through three games that follow a systematic phonics order. Free on computers from a charity started by the Usborne publisher; the tablet apps may cost a few dollars. Sister games cover numbers and food. - [Reading Eggs](https://readingeggs.com/) (Blake eLearning (3P Learning), 2008, App, Paid, Ages 5–8). A paid reading program for ages 2 to 13 with lessons, games and a library, plus sister products Fast Phonics and Mathseeds. Placement test, then a sequenced path. The company publishes its own research and ESSA claims. - [Reading Eggs research](https://readingeggs.com/about/research/) (Blake eLearning, Report, Free, Ages 5–8). The company's collection of studies and evaluations on Reading Eggs, including the ones it uses for its ESSA evidence rating. A good example of vendor research to read with care: check who ran each study and how big it was. - [Raz-Kids](https://www.raz-kids.com/) (Learning A-Z (Cambium Learning), 2004, App, Paid, Ages 5–8). A school-licensed library of leveled ebooks with quizzes and recording, organized by letter level (A to Z). Kids usually get a login from their teacher; families can buy it but rarely need to. - [Lexia Core5 Reading](https://www.lexialearning.com/core5) (Lexia Learning (Cambium Learning), 2013, Tool, Paid, Ages 5–8). An adaptive reading program sold to schools for pre-K to grade 5, covering phonological awareness through comprehension. Rated Strong by Evidence for ESSA. If your child uses it at school, the teacher can see detailed progress. - [Vooks](https://www.vooks.com/) (Vooks, 2019, App, Paid, Ages 0–5). A streaming service of picture books turned into gently animated read-alouds with highlighted words. Ad-free; about $10 a month or $70 a year after a 7-day trial, with cheaper teacher plans. Best for kids under 9. - ★ [Libby](https://www.overdrive.com/apps/libby) (OverDrive, 2017, App, Free). The free app for borrowing ebooks, audiobooks and magazines from your public library with a library card, including a large kids' collection and a teen/kids filter. Probably the best-value reading app most families already have access to. - [Sora](https://soraapp.com/) (OverDrive Education, 2018, App, Free, Ages 8–12). OverDrive's student reading app: schools load it with ebooks and audiobooks that kids borrow with their school login, and it can link to the public library too. If your school uses it, it is free for your child. - [Oxford Owl](https://www.oxfordowl.co.uk) (Oxford University Press, Tool, Free, Ages 5–8). Oxford University Press's site for families, with a free ebook library of leveled readers (including phonics books) for ages 3 to 11 after a free sign-up, plus parent tips. UK-oriented but works anywhere. - [ReadWorks](https://www.readworks.org) (ReadWorks (nonprofit), Tool, Free, Ages 8–12). A nonprofit library of free reading passages and question sets for K-12, many with audio, used widely by teachers. Parents can make a free account to find passages at a child's level. - [Beanstack](https://www.beanstack.com/features/reading-challenges-gamification) (Zoobean, App, Free). The app many public libraries and schools use for summer reading challenges: kids log minutes or books and earn badges. Free to families through a participating library or school. - [Storyberries](https://www.storyberries.com) (Storyberries, Tool, Free, Ages 5–8). A free website of short illustrated stories and fairy tales for bedtime, sorted by age and theme. Ad-supported; a pleasant light option, not a structured reading program. ### Math - ★ [Khan Academy](https://www.khanacademy.org/about) (Khan Academy (nonprofit), 2008, Tool, Free). The free nonprofit course library from kindergarten through early college: short videos, practice with hints, and mastery tracking, strongest in math. Parents can create a child account and assign work. No ads. - [Khan Academy efficacy results, November 2024](https://blog.khanacademy.org/khan-academy-efficacy-results-november-2024/) (Khan Academy blog, 2024, Article, Free, Ages 8–12). Khan Academy's summary of its own school-partner data: students who practiced around 30 minutes a week or more showed larger test gains. Correlational and vendor-reported, but a useful view of the dose that seems to matter. - [Prodigy Math](https://www.prodigygame.com/) (Prodigy Education, 2011, Game, Free + paid, Ages 8–12). A fantasy role-playing game where battles are won by answering curriculum math (and now English) questions, roughly grades 1 to 8. Free for schools and kids; optional parent memberships unlock extras, a model critics say pressures children. - [Zearn Math](https://about.zearn.org/) (Zearn (nonprofit), 2012, Tool, Free, Ages 5–8). A nonprofit K-8 math program of short video lessons and digital practice that mirrors many school curricula. Free individual accounts; schools pay for full licenses. Rated Strong by Evidence for ESSA. - [Did Zearn boost Colorado math scores? A study says yes, but an expert says questions remain](https://www.kunc.org/news/2025-02-13/did-zearn-boost-colorado-math-scores-a-study-says-yes-but-an-expert-says-questions-remain) (KUNC (public radio), 2025, Article, Free, Ages 8–12). Public radio coverage of a study linking Zearn use to better Colorado test scores, with an outside researcher explaining why the design cannot fully separate the app from other factors. A fair model of how to read edtech results. - [Harvard researchers probe student time spent using DreamBox math software](https://cepr.harvard.edu/news/harvard-researchers-probe-student-time-spent-using-dreambox-math-software) (Center for Education Policy Research, Harvard, 2016, Study, Free, Ages 5–8). Harvard researchers found more time on DreamBox was associated with higher math scores, but most students used it far less than recommended. A useful lesson for any app: the dose a child actually gets matters. - [Math Playground](https://www.mathplayground.com/) (Math Playground LLC, 2002, Game, Free + paid, Ages 8–12). A teacher-built site of math games, logic puzzles and word-problem tools such as Thinking Blocks for grades K to 6+. Free with ads; a Plus subscription removes them and unlocks extras. - [Coolmath Games](https://www.coolmathgames.com/) (Coolmath.com, 1997, Game, Free + paid, Ages 8–12). Around 2,500 browser games billed as strategy, logic and skill games. Some build reasoning, many are simply fun; it is ad-supported with a paid ad-free option. Coolmath4Kids is the younger sibling. - [Enter the DragonBox: can a game really teach third graders algebra?](https://edsurge.com/news/2016-03-13-enter-the-dragonbox-can-a-game-really-teach-third-graders-algebra) (EdSurge, 2016, Article, Free, Ages 8–12). A thoughtful look at what kids actually learn from DragonBox: they get fast at the moves, but transferring that to paper algebra needs a grown-up or teacher to connect the two. - [Todo Math (Enuma)](https://enuma.com/) (Enuma, 2013, App, Some free, Ages 5–8). Enuma makes Todo Math, an early math app designed to be usable by kids with learning differences, and Kitkit School, which co-won the Global Learning XPRIZE. Check the store for current pricing. - [Sumdog](https://www.sumdog.com) (Sumdog, Game, Free + paid, Ages 8–12). Adaptive math, spelling and grammar practice inside games and contests, for roughly ages 5 to 14. Free basic access, with schools and families paying for the full version. Popular in UK schools. - [ST Math (Evidence for ESSA entry)](https://evidenceforessa.org/program/st-math-spatial-temporal-math/) (Evidence for ESSA, Johns Hopkins, Review, Free, Ages 5–8). The independent evidence summary for ST Math, MIND Education's visual, language-light math puzzles sold to schools, where a penguin named JiJi crosses the screen when kids solve a problem. Shows what the studies found. - [XtraMath (Common Sense review)](https://www.commonsensemedia.org/website-reviews/xtramath) (Common Sense Media, Review, Free, Ages 5–8). Common Sense's review of XtraMath, a free nonprofit tool for a few minutes a day of timed addition to division fact practice. Plain and repetitive by design; good for fact fluency, not for understanding. ### Coding and robotics - ★ [Scratch](https://scratch.mit.edu/) (Scratch Foundation / MIT Media Lab, 2007, Tool, Free, Ages 8–12). The free block-coding language and community where kids 8 to 16 make games, stories and animations and remix each other's projects. No ads, moderated, and used in schools worldwide. The best-known first step into programming. - [Scratch for parents and guardians](https://scratch.mit.edu/parents/) (Scratch Foundation, Guide, Free, Ages 8–12). Scratch's own guide for families: what kids do there, how the community is moderated, privacy, and how to get started together. Worth reading before a child joins the sharing side. - [ScratchJr](https://www.scratchjr.org/) (DevTech (Tufts), MIT Media Lab, Playful Invention Co., 2014, App, Free, Ages 5–8). A free tablet app for ages 5 to 7 where children snap picture blocks together to make characters move, talk and jump. No reading needed. Built by Tufts and MIT researchers studying early childhood coding. - ★ [Code.org](https://code.org/) (Code.org (nonprofit), 2013, Course, Free). The nonprofit behind the Hour of Code, with free K-12 computer science courses, game-like puzzle lessons and app-building tools. Now runs an Hour of AI too. Free for students and teachers, funded by donors and tech companies. - [CodeCombat](https://codecombat.com/) (CodeCombat, 2013, Game, Free + paid, Ages 8–12). A fantasy adventure game where you move your hero by typing real Python or JavaScript. Early levels are free; the full game and classroom versions are paid. Best for kids ready to type code, about 9 and up. - [Hopscotch](https://www.gethopscotch.com/) (Hopscotch Technologies, 2013, App, Paid, Ages 8–12). A block-coding app for iPad, Mac and the web where kids build and share games and art, with a busy kids' community. Paid subscription or family pass for full access. - [Swift Playgrounds](https://developer.apple.com/swift-playgrounds/) (Apple, 2016, App, Free, Ages 8–12). Apple's free iPad and Mac app that teaches real Swift code through puzzle lessons, then lets learners build actual apps. Best for kids about 10 and up who want to go past blocks. - [Kodable](https://www.kodable.com/) (Kodable, 2012, App, Free + paid, Ages 5–8). A K-5 coding curriculum of cute fuzz-ball puzzles that moves from sequencing to real JavaScript, plus a typing game. Free teacher accounts with paid school and family plans. - [Lightbot](https://lightbot.com/) (Lightbot, 2008, Game, Some free, Ages 5–8). A puzzle game where you program a little robot to light tiles, teaching sequencing, procedures, loops and conditionals without any reading. A free Hour of Code version exists; the full apps are a small one-time purchase. - [LEGO Education](https://education.lego.com/en-us/) (LEGO Education, Tool, Paid, Ages 8–12). LEGO's classroom science and computer science kits, FIRST LEGO League robotics and free lessons. The SPIKE robotics line, long a school favorite, is being retired in favor of newer kits. Mainly sold to schools. ### Science, geography and the world - [Mystery Science](https://mysteryscience.com/) (Mystery Science (Discovery Education), 2014, Course, Free + paid, Ages 5–8). Short video-led science lessons for K-5 built around kids' questions (why is the sky blue?) with simple hands-on activities. Used by many elementary teachers; schools pay, with free trials and some free lessons. - [National Geographic Kids](https://kids.nationalgeographic.com/) (National Geographic, Tool, Free, Ages 8–12). Free animal facts, quizzes, games, Weird But True videos and homework help from Nat Geo. Ad-supported and partly promotes the magazine and books, but the animal pages are a reliable start for reports. - [NASA Science for Kids](https://science.nasa.gov/kids/) (NASA, Tool, Free, Ages 8–12). NASA's newer kids' hub of games, videos, make-it activities and short articles on Earth, climate, the Sun and the solar system. Free and ad-free; pairs well with Space Place. - [Smithsonian Learning Lab](https://learninglab.si.edu/) (Smithsonian Institution, 2016, Tool, Free, Ages 8–12). Millions of free images, recordings and texts from Smithsonian museums, plus teacher-made collections you can browse by topic. More for teachers and curious older kids than for little ones. - [Seterra](https://www.geoguessr.com/seterra) (GeoGuessr, 1997, Game, Free + paid, Ages 8–12). Hundreds of map quizzes on countries, capitals, states, flags and more, in over 40 languages. A classic for learning geography by repetition. Free to play, now part of GeoGuessr, with a paid tier. - [PhET Interactive Simulations](https://phet.colorado.edu/) (University of Colorado Boulder, 2002, Tool, Free, Teens). Free research-based simulations for physics, chemistry, biology, earth science and math: build circuits, mix solutions, launch projectiles. No ads. Best for upper elementary through high school. - [Britannica Kids](https://kids.britannica.com) (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Tool, Some free, Ages 8–12). A reading-level-sorted children's encyclopedia, often free through a school or library login. A trustworthy alternative to random web pages for school reports. - [Ducksters](https://www.ducksters.com) (Ducksters, Tool, Free, Ages 8–12). A free, ad-supported site of plain kids' articles on history, geography, science and biographies, each with a short quiz. Handy for quick homework help. - [PBS LearningMedia](https://www.pbslearningmedia.org) (PBS and local stations, Tool, Free). Free classroom-ready videos, interactives and lesson plans drawn from PBS shows like NOVA and Nature, searchable by grade and standard. Built for teachers, easy for homeschoolers too. - [Google Arts & Culture](https://artsandculture.google.com/) (Google, 2011, Tool, Free). Virtual museum tours, zoomable artworks, history exhibits and small art games from thousands of museums. Free, with no kids' mode, so younger children need a grown-up nearby. - [Wonderopolis (closed July 2025)](https://familieslearning.org/blog/ncfls-digital-learning-platform-wonderopolis-to-close/) (National Center for Families Learning, 2025, Article, Free, Ages 8–12). Wonderopolis, the much-loved free site that answered one kid's question a day, closed for good on 31 July 2025. Many lists and chatbots still recommend it, so this is the notice that it is gone. ### Creativity and music - ★ [Chrome Music Lab](https://musiclab.chromeexperiments.com/) (Google Creative Lab, 2016, Tool, Free). Free browser experiments for playing with rhythm, melody, chords and sound waves, such as the Song Maker grid. No account, no ads. A gentle way for any age to make music and hear how it works. - [GarageBand for iOS](https://www.apple.com/garageband/) (Apple, 2011, App, Free, Ages 8–12). Apple's free music studio for iPhone and iPad: touch instruments, drum loops, a grid for building songs and real multitrack recording. Plenty for older kids writing and recording their first songs. - [Book Creator](https://bookcreator.com/) (Book Creator (Kami), 2011, Tool, Free + paid, Ages 5–8). A simple tool for making digital books with text, drawings, photos, audio and video, widely used in classrooms. Free account with limits; schools pay for more. Now owned by Kami. - [Tinkercad](https://www.tinkercad.com/) (Autodesk, 2011, Tool, Free, Ages 8–12). A free browser tool for 3D design, electronics circuits and block-based code, made by Autodesk. Kids drag shapes together to design things they can 3D print. Good from about age 8 with help. ### Typing, chess and languages - [TypingClub](https://www.typingclub.com/) (edclub, Tool, Free, Ages 8–12). Free step-by-step touch-typing lessons with games and videos, plus Jungle Junior for younger kids. Free for families and schools forever, with an optional paid school edition. Used in tens of thousands of schools. - [Typing.com](https://www.typing.com/) (Teaching.com, Tool, Free + paid, Ages 8–12). Free typing lessons, tests and games for K-12, plus digital literacy and coding units for schools. The free version shows ads; Typing.com Plus removes them. - [Nitro Type](https://www.nitrotype.com/) (Teaching.com, Game, Free + paid, Ages 8–12). A typing race game: the faster and more accurately you type, the faster your car goes. Hugely popular with upper-elementary kids. Ad-supported with a paid upgrade and in-game cars to collect. - [Lichess](https://lichess.org/about) (Lichess (volunteer-run, donation-funded), 2010, Game, Free). A free, open-source chess site with no ads and no premium tier, run on donations. Puzzles, lessons, and play against people or the computer, plus a kid mode that turns off chat. - [Duolingo ABC](https://www.duolingo.com/abc) (Duolingo, 2020, App, Free, Ages 5–8). Duolingo's free learn-to-read app for preschool and early elementary kids: bite-size phonics, sight word and tracing lessons with Duolingo's characters. No ads and no paid tier. - [Gus on the Go](https://gusonthego.com/) (Gus on the Go, 2012, App, Some free, Ages 0–5). Vocabulary apps for young kids with an owl guide, in around 30 languages, plus story apps. Gentle and simple. The site looks little updated since the mid-2010s, so check the apps still run on your device. - [Little Pim](https://www.littlepim.com/) (Little Pim, 2006, Video, Paid, Ages 0–5). Five-minute language videos with a panda for babies to preschoolers, in 12 languages including Spanish, Mandarin and Arabic. Ad-free subscription about $10 a month. Exposure, not fluency, at this age. ### Classes, magazines and printables - [Outschool](https://outschool.com/) (Outschool, 2017, Course, Paid). A marketplace of live small-group video classes for ages 3 to 18, taught by independent teachers on almost anything: Minecraft math, Harry Potter writing, chess, coding. Each class is priced separately; quality varies by teacher. - [Highlights Kids](https://www.highlightskids.com/) (Highlights for Children, 1946, Tool, Free + paid, Ages 5–8). The website of the long-running Highlights magazine, with jokes, puzzles, Hidden Pictures, audio stories and free coloring pages. Magazines and book clubs for babies to tweens are paid subscriptions. - [Ranger Rick](https://rangerrick.org/) (National Wildlife Federation (nonprofit), 1967, Newsletter, Paid, Ages 5–8). Wildlife magazines from the National Wildlife Federation, published since 1967: Ranger Rick Cub (0-4), Jr. (4-7), Ranger Rick (7-12), plus Dinosaurs and Zoobooks. Paid subscriptions; the site has free nature activities. - [Cricket Media](https://www.cricketmedia.com/) (Cricket Media, 1973, Newsletter, Paid). Publisher of literary and science magazines for babies to teens (titles include Babybug, Ladybug, Spider, Cricket, Ask and Muse). Ad-free stories, poems and nonfiction by real authors. Paid subscriptions. - [Education.com](https://www.education.com/) (Education.com (IXL Learning), Tool, Free + paid, Ages 5–8). Over 40,000 worksheets, activities, games and guided lessons for pre-K to grade 8, searchable by grade and skill. Free account with limited downloads; premium unlocks the full library. Part of IXL. - [Teachers Pay Teachers](https://www.teacherspayteachers.com/) (TPT (IXL Learning), 2006, Tool, Some free). A marketplace where teachers sell (and give away) lesson plans, worksheets and activities for pre-K to 12. Filter by Free to find thousands of no-cost printables. Quality varies by seller. Now owned by IXL. - [Twinkl](https://www.twinkl.com/) (Twinkl, 2010, Tool, Free + paid). A huge UK-founded library of printable worksheets, slides and activities for ages 3 to 18, organized to US, UK and other curricula. Some free resources; most need a paid membership. - [GoNoodle](https://www.gonoodle.com) (GoNoodle, 2013, Video, Free, Ages 5–8). Short dance, movement and mindfulness videos used in elementary classrooms for brain breaks, and free to use at home. Some videos sneak in counting or spelling, but this is movement, not lessons. ### Reviews, ratings and evidence - ★ [Common Sense Media app ratings: how we rate](https://www.commonsensemedia.org/about-us/our-mission/about-our-ratings/apps) (Common Sense Media (nonprofit), Guide, Free). How the best-known US review site rates kids' apps: an age rating from child development, not app store labels, plus a separate learning rating covering engagement, depth and support. Thousands of reviews, free to read. - [Common Sense Privacy Program evaluations](https://privacy.commonsense.org/evaluations/1) (Common Sense Media, Review, Free). Privacy grades for popular kids' and school apps, based on a close reading of each privacy policy: does it sell data, show ads, track kids? A quick check before signing a child up. - [Common Sense Education review: Raz-Kids](https://www.commonsense.org/education/reviews/raz-kids) (Common Sense Education, Review, Free). An example from Common Sense's teacher-focused review site, which grades classroom tools on learning value with pros, cons and teacher comments. Search the site for any app your school assigns. - ★ [Evidence for ESSA](https://www.evidenceforessa.org/) (Center for Research and Reform in Education, Johns Hopkins, 2017, Data, Free). A free Johns Hopkins database that rates reading, math and other school programs (including apps like DreamBox, Lexia, IXL and Zearn) by the strength of their research under US federal evidence tiers. The best quick check on vendor claims. - ★ [Putting education in "educational" apps: lessons from the science of learning](https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1529100615569721) (Hirsh-Pasek, Zosh, Golinkoff, Gray, Robb and Kaufman, 2015, Review, Free, Ages 0–5). The widely cited paper proposing four pillars of a truly educational app: kids are actively thinking, engaged without distraction, learning meaningful things, and interacting socially. A practical yardstick for any app on your phone. - [Design tricks commonly used to monetize young children's app use](https://michiganmedicine.org/health-lab/design-tricks-commonly-used-monetize-young-childrens-app-use) (Michigan Medicine (University of Michigan), Article, Free, Ages 0–5). A summary of University of Michigan research on popular apps for young children: many, including some labeled educational, used ads, pop-up rewards and lures to purchase. Worth reading before trusting an app store's education label. - [Prodigy: a losing equation](https://fairplayforkids.org/prodigy-losing-equation/) (Fairplay, 2021, Report, Free, Ages 8–12). Fairplay's longer report on how Prodigy's free game is built to sell memberships, with screenshots of the prompts kids see. Advocacy, not neutral research, but a clear guide to spotting upsell design in any kids' game. - [Educational App Store](https://www.educationalappstore.com/) (Educational App Store, Tool, Free). A UK-based directory of education apps and AI tools reviewed by teachers against a 32-point learning framework, with extra checks for AI apps. Free account to compare and save apps; listings note what's free to try. - [Know Before You Load app reviews](https://childrenandmedia.org.au/app-reviews) (Children and Media Australia (nonprofit), Review, Free). Australian nonprofit reviews of popular kids' apps and games written by child development professionals, flagging ads, in-app purchases, privacy problems and simulated gambling. Free and blunt. - [Lingokids app guide](https://www.internetmatters.org/advice/apps-and-platforms/skills-building/lingokids/) (Internet Matters, Guide, Free). One of Internet Matters' parent guides to learning apps, covering what the app does, costs, data and settings. The UK nonprofit has similar guides for many skills-building apps, so search its site for yours. - [Reading Rockets literacy apps](https://www.readingrockets.org/resources/literacy-apps) (Reading Rockets (WETA), Review, Free, Ages 5–8). Public-media literacy site's reviewed list of reading and writing apps, each described by skill (phonics, comprehension, writing) and age. Short, non-commercial write-ups from a trusted reading source. - [Children's Technology Review](https://childrenstech.com/) (Warren Buckleitner, 1993, Review, Some free). A long-running independent review publication on children's interactive media, edited by Warren Buckleitner, known for its rating rubric and the Dust or Magic institute for app designers. Some content is paid; check how recently it was updated. ## Big ideas and pop culture Books, talks, films, podcasts and new kinds of school that shape how we think about learning and AI. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/culture ### Talks & lectures - ★ [How AI could save (not destroy) education](https://www.ted.com/talks/sal_khan_how_ai_could_save_not_destroy_education) (Sal Khan, TED2023, 2023, Video, Free). Khan's widely shared talk proposing an AI tutor for every student and an AI assistant for every teacher, with demos of Khanmigo. Keep in mind he is describing his own product; independent evidence on such tutors is still emerging. - [Let's use video to reinvent education](https://www.ted.com/talks/sal_khan_let_s_use_video_to_reinvent_education) (Sal Khan, TED2011, 2011, Video, Free). The earlier talk that made Khan Academy famous: short videos at home, practice and help in class, and kids moving at their own pace. Worth watching next to his 2023 AI talk to see how the pitch has evolved. - ★ [Do schools kill creativity?](https://www.ted.com/talks/sir_ken_robinson_do_schools_kill_creativity) (Sir Ken Robinson, TED2006, 2006, Video, Free). The most-watched TED talk ever, with over 80 million plays. Robinson argues schools rank math and language above the arts and teach kids to fear mistakes. Funny and persuasive, though it is an argument, not a research summary. - [Let's teach kids to code](https://www.ted.com/talks/mitch_resnick_let_s_teach_kids_to_code) (Mitch Resnick, TEDxBeaconStreet, 2012, Video, Free, Ages 5–8). Scratch's creator explains why kids should write with code, not just read it: making games and stories teaches them to think creatively and systematically. A short, friendly entry point to Resnick's ideas. - [Kids can teach themselves](https://www.ted.com/talks/sugata_mitra_kids_can_teach_themselves) (Sugata Mitra, TED, 2007, Video, Free, Ages 8–12). Mitra describes his 'Hole in the Wall' experiment: a computer set into a wall in a New Delhi slum that children learned to use on their own. A famous and inspiring story; see the critiques listed here before drawing big conclusions. - [Build a School in the Cloud](https://www.ted.com/talks/sugata_mitra_build_a_school_in_the_cloud) (Sugata Mitra, TED2013, 2013, Video, Free, Ages 8–12). Mitra's TED Prize talk, wishing for learning labs where children explore big questions in groups with internet access and light adult support. It launched his 'self-organized learning environments' (SOLE) idea. Results remain debated. - [Crit on Hole-in-the-Wall](https://blogs.ubc.ca/centre/tag/mitra/) (University of British Columbia blog, 2013, Blog, Free, Ages 8–12). A round-up of critiques of Mitra's experiments: visits that found kiosks vandalized or mostly used by boys for games, questions about corporate funding, and doubts about the claim that teachers are unnecessary. A good reality check. ### Newsletters & blogs - ★ [One Useful Thing](https://www.oneusefulthing.org/) (Ethan Mollick, Wharton, Newsletter, Free). The most widely read newsletter on what AI means for work and education, by a Wharton professor who tests new tools hands-on. Clear, practical and neither doom nor hype. Free. - [Getting Smart](https://www.gettingsmart.com/) (Getting Smart, Blog, Free). A blog and podcast on new school models, project-based learning and AI in education. Upbeat and reform-minded; the organization also sells consulting to schools, so read it as advocacy for innovation. - [The 74](https://www.the74million.org/) (The 74, Newsletter, Free). A nonprofit national education news site, named for America's 74 million children, with steady coverage of AI in schools, microschools and school choice. Free newsletters. - [EdSurge](https://www.edsurge.com/) (EdSurge / ISTE, Newsletter, Free). A news site focused on education technology, covering new tools, research and classroom AI. Its affiliation with ISTE, a large edtech group, gives it insider access and a generally pro-tech lens. - [The Hechinger Report](https://hechingerreport.org/) (The Hechinger Report, Newsletter, Free). A nonprofit newsroom covering innovation and inequality in education, from early childhood to college, including careful reporting on AI tools in classrooms. - [Proof Points](https://hechingerreport.org/proofpoints/) (Jill Barshay, The Hechinger Report, Newsletter, Free). A weekly column that explains new education research in plain language, including studies of AI tutors such as Khanmigo. One of the best ways for parents to see what the evidence actually says. - [Chalkbeat](https://www.chalkbeat.org/) (Chalkbeat, Newsletter, Free). A nonprofit newsroom covering public schools city by city, with local newsletters. Good on how AI policies and new school models actually land in districts. - [Larry Cuban on School Reform and Classroom Practice](https://larrycuban.wordpress.com/) (Larry Cuban, Stanford, Blog, Free). A Stanford historian and former superintendent who has documented, for decades, how new classroom technology tends to be oversold and underused. Essential perspective on whether AI will change school any faster. - [Hack Education](https://hackeducation.com/) (Audrey Watters, 2010, Blog, Free). Audrey Watters's archive of critical writing on the history and future of education technology, from 2010 on. Skeptical and well-researched; a good antidote to marketing claims. - [Second Breakfast](https://2ndbreakfast.audreywatters.com/) (Audrey Watters, Newsletter, Free + paid). Watters's current newsletter, openly critical of AI in education and arguing for refusing much of it. A strong minority view worth hearing if you want the full spectrum. - [code acts in education](https://codeactsineducation.wordpress.com/) (Ben Williamson, University of Edinburgh, Blog, Free). An education researcher's blog analyzing how tech companies and governments are pushing AI tutors into schools, and how weak much of the evidence is. Academic but readable. ### Big ideas & books - ★ [Mindstorms: Children, Computers, and Powerful Ideas](https://www.media.mit.edu/publications/mindstorms/) (Seymour Papert, MIT Media Lab, 1980, Book, Free). The founding book on kids learning by building with computers. Papert, co-creator of the Logo language, argues children should program the machine, not be drilled by it. The MIT Media Lab hosts the full text free with his family's permission. - ★ [Lifelong Kindergarten: Cultivating Creativity through Projects, Passion, Peers, and Play](https://mitpressbookstore.mit.edu/book/9780262536134) (Mitchel Resnick, MIT Press, 2017, Book, Paid). The creator of Scratch argues that school, and much of life, should look more like kindergarten: making things, sharing them and playing with ideas. Built on 30 years at MIT, with practical tips for parents. Foreword by Ken Robinson. - [Brave New Words](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brave_New_Words) (Salman Khan, 2024, Book, Paid). Khan Academy's founder makes an optimistic case that AI tutors and teaching assistants can give every child personal help. Note that Khan sells such a tutor (Khanmigo); some reviewers found the book promotional. A clear statement of the pro-AI-tutor view. - [Teaching Machines: The History of Personalized Learning](https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/teaching-machines) (Audrey Watters, MIT Press, 2021, Book, Paid). A history of the 20th-century push to automate teaching, from Skinner's machines onward. A useful skeptical counterweight to AI tutor hype: many 'personalized learning' promises are old, and many failed for reasons worth knowing. - [Deschooling Society](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deschooling_Society) (Ivan Illich, 1971, Book, Paid). A radical 1971 critique of schooling that imagined 'learning webs' connecting learners with people and resources outside school. Often read today as an early sketch of internet-based and self-directed learning. Wikipedia summary. - [Imitation versus Innovation: What children can do that large language and language-and-vision models cannot (yet)?](https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.07666) (Yiu, Kosoy & Gopnik, UC Berkeley, 2023, Study, Free, Ages 0–5). Developmental psychologists compare chatbots with young children on inventing tools and figuring out causes. They argue AI models are strong imitators, like a library, while children are explorers. A preprint later published in a journal; readable and thought-provoking. - [Remarks on AI from NZ](https://nealstephenson.substack.com/p/remarks-on-ai-from-nz) (Neal Stephenson, 2025, Blog, Free, Teens). The author of The Diamond Age, the novel that pictured an AI tutor for a child, worries that students who hand everything to chatbots learn nothing. He suggests supervised handwritten exams. A notable view from the man many AI tutor builders cite. ### Alternative schools & methods - ★ [Montessori education's impact on academic and nonacademic outcomes: A systematic review](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10406168/) (Randolph et al., Campbell Systematic Reviews, 2023, Meta-analysis, Free). The most careful pooled look at Montessori so far: across 32 studies, Montessori students did modestly better than peers on academics and somewhat better on things like executive function. Free full text. Study quality varied. - ★ [Nationwide UVA-Led Study Finds Montessori Preschool Boosts Learning at a Lower Cost](https://as.virginia.edu/news/nationwide-uva-led-study-finds-montessori-preschool-boosts-learning-lower-cost) (University of Virginia (Lillard et al., PNAS), 2026, Study, Free, Ages 0–5). A university summary of the first national lottery-based study of public Montessori preschool (588 children, 24 schools). By the end of kindergarten, lottery winners did better in reading, memory, executive function and social understanding, at lower cost per child. - [Montessori Preschool Elevates and Equalizes Child Outcomes: A Longitudinal Study](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5670361) (Lillard et al., Frontiers in Psychology, 2017, Study, Free, Ages 0–5). The well-known lottery study of two public Montessori magnet schools in Hartford, following 141 children from age 3 to 6. Montessori children gained more in academics and social understanding, and income gaps were smaller. Small sample, one city. - [Montessori education: a review of the evidence base](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6161506/) (Chloë Marshall, npj Science of Learning, 2017, Review, Free). A balanced review of what research says about Montessori, including why it is hard to study: schools vary widely in how faithfully they follow the method. Good reading for parents weighing a 'Montessori' label. - [Montessori preschool vs. business as usual](https://fordhaminstitute.org/national/commentary/montessori-preschool-vs-business-usual) (Thomas B. Fordham Institute, 2017, Article, Free, Ages 0–5). A think-tank commentary on the 2017 Lillard study that praises the design but notes the reasons behind the gains are uncertain, since Montessori differs from regular preschool in many ways at once. - [American Montessori Society](https://amshq.org/) (American Montessori Society, Organization, Free). A major U.S. Montessori membership group that accredits schools and trains teachers. Useful for finding schools and understanding what an accredited Montessori program should include. An advocacy organization, so pair it with independent research. - [Reggio Children: About us](https://www.reggiochildren.it/en/about-us/) (Reggio Children, Reggio Emilia, Organization, Free, Ages 0–5). The official home of the Reggio Emilia approach, run with the Italian city whose municipal preschools created it. Explains the philosophy of children as capable researchers who express ideas in 'a hundred languages' through art, building and talk. - [Reggio Emilia approach](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reggio_Emilia_approach) (Wikipedia, Article, Free, Ages 0–5). A plain overview of the Reggio approach: Loris Malaguzzi, the atelier art studio, long projects and careful documentation of children's work. Note that most writing on Reggio is descriptive; controlled outcome studies are rare. - [Association of Waldorf Schools of North America](https://www.waldorfeducation.org/) (AWSNA, Organization, Free). The North American Waldorf schools association, with a school finder and its own explanation of the approach: arts-rich, nature-focused, with formal reading usually started around age seven. Written by advocates. - [Waldorf education](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waldorf_education) (Wikipedia, Article, Free). A balanced overview of the century-old Steiner movement: arts integration, delayed reading, a teacher who stays with a class for years. It also covers criticism, including ties to anthroposophy and some pseudoscientific content. Research is small and mixed. - [AmblesideOnline](https://www.amblesideonline.org/) (AmblesideOnline volunteers, Tool, Free, Ages 5–8). A free, volunteer-run homeschool curriculum based on Charlotte Mason's ideas, with book lists and weekly schedules. Popular with Christian homeschoolers. Shows what 'living books' and narration look like in day-to-day practice. - [Charlotte Mason](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlotte_Mason) (Wikipedia, Article, Free). Background on the Victorian educator behind a method popular in homeschooling: 'living books' instead of textbooks, children retelling what they read (narration), and a focus on ideas over facts. - [Sudbury Valley School](https://sudburyvalley.org/) (Sudbury Valley School, 1968, Organization, Paid). A Massachusetts school, founded in 1968, where students aged 4 to 19 have no required classes, grades or tests and run the school democratically. The original model for many 'self-directed education' schools. - [Summerhill School](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summerhill_School) (Wikipedia, 1921, Article, Free). The English boarding school A.S. Neill founded in 1921, where lessons are optional and the community governs itself. A century-old test of how much freedom children can handle, often cited in debates about unschooling. ### Microschools & AI schools - [National Microschooling Center](https://microschoolingcenter.org/) (National Microschooling Center, Organization, Free). A nonprofit hub for founders and families in the fast-growing microschool movement, with guides and yearly surveys. It is a movement-building group, so its numbers come from microschools themselves rather than independent evaluation. - [American Microschools: A Sector Analysis 2026](https://microschoolingcenter.org/hubfs/2026%20American%20Microschools%20Sector%20Analysis_.pdf) (National Microschooling Center, 2026, Report, Free). A survey of about 1,000 U.S. microschools. Median size is around 20 students; many operate legally as homeschool groups; most offer sliding-scale tuition and a growing share take state choice funding. Self-reported data from an advocacy group. - [A School With 7 Students: Inside the 'Microschools' Movement](https://www.nytimes.com/2024/06/17/us/public-schools-education-voucher-microschools.html) (Dana Goldstein, The New York Times, 2024, Article, Paid). A reported look at tiny schools that blend homeschooling and private school, and how state voucher money is fueling them. Covers the appeal for families and the light regulation. Paywalled. - [Inside a unique public microschool in Indianapolis](https://www.chalkbeat.org/indiana/2024/04/16/indianapolis-charter-school-creates-microschool-to-customize-education/) (Aleksandra Appleton, Chalkbeat Indiana, 2024, Article, Free, Teens). A visit to a free public charter microschool of about 20 high schoolers with personal learning plans. A reminder that microschools are not only private or pricey; some districts and charters are trying the model. - [Prenda](https://www.prenda.com/) (Prenda, Organization, Paid, Ages 5–8). A company that helps adults start and run small K-8 microschools, supplying software, curriculum and coaching. Families pay a platform fee plus whatever the local guide charges, often covered by state scholarships in some states. Company site. - [Acton Academy](https://www.actonacademy.org/) (Acton Academy network, Organization, Paid). A global network of small, independently owned 'learner-driven' schools: self-paced online work, Socratic discussion and hands-on quests instead of lectures and grades. Quality varies school to school. Network's own site. - [Astra Nova School](https://www.astranova.org/) (Astra Nova, 2020, Organization, Paid, Ages 8–12). An online nonprofit school for ages 11 to 18 that grew out of Ad Astra, the school Elon Musk started at SpaceX in 2014. Known for puzzle-based thinking classes and ethics debates. Live Zoom classes, priced by hours per week. - [This teacherless school says AI can teach students in 2 hours a day](https://www.cbsnews.com/news/alpha-school-ai-teaching-2-hour-a-day/) (CBS News, 2026, Article, Free). A news report on Alpha School's Chicago campus: two hours of adaptive software for academics, then life-skills work with non-teacher 'guides,' for $55,000 a year. Includes a Brookings researcher calling the model experimental without outside evidence. - [An Austin school is using AI and life skill checklists to teach students — for $40K a year](https://www.kut.org/education/2025-08-25/alpha-school-austin-texas-atx-ai-model-private-vouchers-public) (Zachary Suri, KUT / Texas Standard, 2025, Article, Free). Public radio reporting from Alpha's home campus in Austin. Describes the school day and the high tuition, and includes a university researcher's concerns about missed learning and student data. Fair and readable. - [Two AI-powered charter schools could soon open in Pennsylvania](https://www.chalkbeat.org/philadelphia/2025/01/24/ai-cyber-charter-school-pennsylvania-promises-2-hour-learning/) (Carly Sitrin, Chalkbeat, 2025, Article, Free). Coverage of attempts to bring Alpha's '2 Hour Learning' model into public charter schools. Notes that the impressive test-score claims come from the company's own analyses and that Pennsylvania officials were skeptical (the cyber charter was later rejected). - ★ [The Truth About 2 Hour Learning, Unbound Academy, and Alpha School](https://danmeyer.substack.com/p/the-truth-about-2-hour-learning-and) (Dan Meyer, Mathworlds, 2025, Blog, Free). A sharp critique by a math educator who works at an edtech company. He argues Alpha has not replaced teachers with AI, still relies on paid adult guides, and draws results from wealthy private-school families, so its claims shouldn't justify public funding. - [Alpha School](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_School) (Wikipedia, Article, Free). A neutral summary of the Austin-founded private network and its growth, with links to news coverage. It notes the school's academic claims rest on internal analyses that have not been independently verified. ### Homeschooling & unschooling - [Homeschool Hub](https://education.jhu.edu/edpolicy/policy-research-initiatives/homeschool-hub/) (Johns Hopkins Institute for Education Policy, Organization, Free). A nonpartisan university hub that gathers state homeschool numbers, laws and research in one place. A balanced starting point, unlike advocacy sources on either side. Its yearly growth reports track how many families homeschool. - [Homeschool Growth: 2024-2025](https://education.jhu.edu/edpolicy/policy-research-initiatives/homeschool-hub/homeschool-growth-2024-2025/) (Johns Hopkins Institute for Education Policy, 2025, Report, Free). State-by-state data on how homeschooling numbers changed after the pandemic spike. Useful for seeing whether the boom lasted; many states keep incomplete records, which the hub flags. - [A look at homeschooling in the U.S.](https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2025/02/20/a-look-at-homeschooling-in-the-us/) (Pew Research Center, 2025, Report, Free). A short, nonpartisan data roundup: how many children are homeschooled, how that changed since 2020, and who homeschools. Good for getting the basic facts right. - [Diverse Outcomes for a Diverse Population](https://www.cardus.ca/research/diverse-outcomes-for-a-diverse-population/) (Albert Cheng & Angela Watson, Cardus, 2025, Report, Free). Survey of U.S. adults aged 24 to 39 comparing those homeschooled for short, medium or long periods with others. Long-term homeschoolers reported more life satisfaction and civic involvement but lower incomes. Cardus is a Christian think tank; correlational data. - [Does Homeschooling Make Children More Religious?](https://newrepublic.com/article/122987/does-homeschooling-make-children-more-religious) (Milton Gaither, The New Republic, 2015, Article, Free). A leading homeschool historian sorts good studies from bad ones and warns that widely shared surveys from both boosters and critics are poorly designed. A useful lesson in reading homeschool research. - [National Home Education Research Institute](https://www.nheri.org/) (NHERI (Brian Ray), Organization, Free). Publishes widely quoted statistics showing homeschoolers outperform. Be careful: NHERI is a pro-homeschooling advocacy group, and many of its studies use volunteer samples that skew toward successful families. Read alongside the Johns Hopkins hub. - [Coalition for Responsible Home Education](https://responsiblehomeschooling.org/) (CRHE, Organization, Free). A nonprofit started by homeschool alumni that supports homeschooling with more child-protection oversight. It publishes research summaries and state law guides. It has its own viewpoint, so pair it with NHERI to hear both sides. - [Unschooling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unschooling) (Wikipedia, Article, Free). An overview of unschooling, homeschooling with no set curriculum where the child's interests lead. Covers John Holt's role and the thin research base, including one small study where young unschoolers scored below schooled peers. - [John Holt (American educator)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Holt_(American_educator)) (Wikipedia, Article, Free). Background on the teacher whose books How Children Fail (1964) and How Children Learn (1967) shaped modern homeschooling. He founded the newsletter Growing Without Schooling in 1977 and coined 'unschooling.' - [John Holt GWS](https://johnholtgws.squarespace.com/who-was-john-holt) (John Holt GWS (Pat Farenga), Organization, Some free). The site that carries on Holt's work, with his books, the Growing Without Schooling archive and a blog by his longtime colleague. Written from inside the unschooling movement. - [Freedom to Learn](https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/freedom-learn) (Peter Gray, Psychology Today, Blog, Free). A long-running blog by a Boston College psychologist and author of Free to Learn, arguing that play and self-direction are how children naturally learn. Persuasive and readable; he is an advocate, and some claims rest on small surveys. ### Novels & stories - ★ [The Diamond Age](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Diamond_Age) (Neal Stephenson, 1995, Novel, Paid, Teens). The novel behind the dream of a personal AI tutor: a poor girl finds the 'Young Lady's Illustrated Primer,' an interactive book that adapts its stories and lessons to her. Tech founders still cite it. The twist: a human actor gives the book its heart. - ★ [Klara and the Sun](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klara_and_the_Sun) (Kazuo Ishiguro, 2021, Novel, Paid, Teens). A Nobel laureate's quiet novel narrated by Klara, a robot 'Artificial Friend' bought for a sick teenager. A moving way to think about AI companions for children, love and what machines can understand. Best for older teens and adults. - [Ender's Game](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ender%27s_Game) (Orson Scott Card, 1985, Novel, Paid, Teens). A gifted boy is trained at Battle School through ever-harder simulated games that turn out to be real. A classic for discussing gamified learning, adaptive challenge and what adults owe kids they push. Popular with ages 12 and up. - [The Lifecycle of Software Objects](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lifecycle_of_Software_Objects) (Ted Chiang, 2010, Novel, Paid, Teens). A Hugo-winning novella about people raising digital beings over many years, like children. Chiang's point is that real minds need long, patient upbringing, not just training. One of the most thoughtful stories about AI and learning. - [The Wild Robot books](https://www.peterbrownstudio.com/books/) (Peter Brown, 2016, Novel, Paid, Ages 5–8). The illustrated middle-grade series that began with The Wild Robot (2016): a robot stranded on an island learns from animals and becomes a mother to a gosling. Sequels include Escapes and Protects. A gentle read-aloud for ages 7 to 10. - [The Iron Man](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Iron_Man_(novel)) (Ted Hughes, 1968, Novel, Paid, Ages 5–8). A short children's story by a British poet laureate: a giant metal man befriends a boy and later saves the world. Told in five 'nights,' it works well as a bedtime read and inspired the film The Iron Giant. - [I, Robot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I,_Robot) (Isaac Asimov, 1950, Novel, Paid, Teens). Asimov's linked stories that introduced the Three Laws of Robotics. The first, 'Robbie,' is about a girl and her robot nanny and a parent's worry about it, a debate that sounds very current. Readable for strong readers 11 and up. - [Feed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feed_(Anderson_novel)) (M. T. Anderson, 2002, Novel, Paid, Teens). A teen novel set in a future where everyone has an internet feed in their brain and school is run by corporations. A National Book Award finalist that teens still read to think about ads, attention and tech in their heads. - [A Psalm for the Wild-Built](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Psalm_for_the_Wild-Built) (Becky Chambers, 2021, Novel, Paid, Teens). A cozy, Hugo-winning novella in which a tea-serving monk meets a curious robot asking 'what do people need?' A hopeful counterpoint to robot horror stories, suitable for teens and adults. ### Films & TV - [Doraemon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doraemon) (Fujiko F. Fujio, 1969, Novel, Some free, Ages 5–8). The beloved Japanese manga and cartoon about a robot cat from the future who helps a struggling schoolboy with gadgets. A long-running comic take on the helper robot that fixes homework, and why that rarely goes as planned. - [Astro Boy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astro_Boy) (Osamu Tezuka, 1952, Novel, Some free, Ages 8–12). Tezuka's foundational manga about an android boy with human feelings, built to replace a scientist's lost son. It shaped how generations in Japan and beyond pictured friendly robots. - ★ [The Wild Robot](https://www.dreamworks.com/movies/the-wild-robot) (DreamWorks Animation, dir. Chris Sanders, 2024, Film or show, Paid, Ages 5–8). The animated hit based on Peter Brown's book: a robot stranded on an island learns from animals and raises a gosling. A warm story about learning by doing and about care, rated PG with some peril. Common Sense Media suggests 8+. - [WALL-E](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WALL-E) (Pixar, dir. Andrew Stanton, 2008, Film or show, Paid, Ages 5–8). Pixar's nearly wordless film about a lonely cleanup robot on an abandoned Earth. It also pictures humans who let machines do everything for them, a useful conversation starter about screens and convenience. Fine for ages 5 and up. - [Big Hero 6](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Hero_6_(film)) (Walt Disney Animation Studios, 2014, Film or show, Paid, Ages 8–12). A teen robotics prodigy and Baymax, a gentle inflatable health-care robot, form a superhero team. Celebrates building and science, and handles grief kindly. Good for about 7 and up. - [The Iron Giant](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Iron_Giant) (Warner Bros., dir. Brad Bird, 1999, Film or show, Paid, Ages 5–8). A boy in 1957 Maine befriends a giant robot and tries to protect it from a fearful government. Loosely based on Ted Hughes's book. A classic about choosing who you want to be; some peril, about 6 and up. - [Robot Dreams](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robot_Dreams_(film)) (Pablo Berger, 2023, Film or show, Paid, Ages 5–8). An Oscar-nominated, dialogue-free animated film about a lonely dog in 1980s New York and the robot friend he builds, then loses. Based on Sara Varon's graphic novel. Bittersweet and gentle, good for kids and adults together. - [Ron's Gone Wrong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ron%27s_Gone_Wrong) (20th Century Studios / Locksmith Animation, 2021, Film or show, Paid, Ages 8–12). A lonely middle-schooler gets a glitchy robot 'best friend' made by a tech giant that mines kids' data. A funny, pointed film about friendship apps and algorithms, right on target for 8 to 12 year olds. - [The Mitchells vs. the Machines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Mitchells_vs._the_Machines) (Sony Pictures Animation / Netflix, 2021, Film or show, Paid, Ages 8–12). A family on a road trip must stop a rogue phone AI that turns household robots against people. Very funny, with sharp jokes about screen time and big tech, and a creative teen hero. Fine for about 7 and up. - [After Yang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/After_Yang) (Kogonada, 2021, Film or show, Paid). A quiet drama about a family whose android 'big brother,' bought to teach their adopted daughter about her heritage, stops working. A tender film for parents about AI caregivers and memory; slow for young kids. - [A.I. Artificial Intelligence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A.I._Artificial_Intelligence) (Steven Spielberg, 2001, Film or show, Paid, Teens). A childlike robot programmed to love his adoptive mother is abandoned and sets out to become 'real.' Haunting and sometimes disturbing; better for teens and adults than for kids. Raises the question of what we owe machines built to bond. - [M3GAN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M3GAN) (Gerard Johnstone / Blumhouse, 2022, Film or show, Paid, Teens). A horror-comedy about an AI doll bought to care for a grieving girl that becomes violently protective. Rated PG-13; not for young kids. A pop-culture shorthand for fears about AI companions replacing parents. Sequel M3GAN 2.0 came out in 2025. - [Her](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Her_(2013_film)) (Spike Jonze, 2013, Film or show, Paid). An adult film about a lonely man who falls in love with his AI operating system. Rated R. Now reads as a preview of AI companion apps, and is useful for parents thinking about why chatbots feel so personal. - [Arkangel (Black Mirror)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkangel_(Black_Mirror)) (Black Mirror, dir. Jodie Foster, 2017, Film or show, Paid). A Black Mirror episode in which a worried mother has a chip put in her daughter that lets her watch and filter everything the girl sees. A vivid, adult-only parable about monitoring tech and over-protection. - [Bluey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluey_(2018_TV_series)) (Joe Brumm / Ludo Studio, ABC Kids, 2018, Film or show, Paid, Ages 0–5). The Australian cartoon about a puppy family that many parents treat as a guide to play. Episodes show kids learning cooperation and ideas through make-believe, with parents who join in. No robots, just a reminder of how much play teaches. - [Best Robot Movies](https://www.commonsensemedia.org/lists/robot-movies) (Common Sense Media, Article, Free). A curated list of robot films for families with age ratings for each, from WALL-E (5+) to The Wild Robot (8+). Handy for picking a movie night film that fits your child's age. ### Documentaries - [Most Likely to Succeed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Most_Likely_to_Succeed_(film)) (Greg Whiteley (prod. Ted Dintersmith), 2015, Film or show, Paid, Teens). A documentary following students at High Tech High, a project-based charter school in San Diego, arguing schools should prepare kids for a world where machines do routine work. Often screened by schools; made by reform advocates. - ★ [Screenagers: Generation AI](https://www.screenagersmovie.com/about-screenagers-generation-ai) (Delaney Ruston, MD, 2026, Film or show, Paid, Teens). The newest Screenagers film, released September 2026, on how AI affects young people's learning, friendships and mental health, and what families and schools can do. One of the first documentaries made for parents on kids and AI. - [The Social Dilemma](https://www.thesocialdilemma.com/) (Exposure Labs (dir. Jeff Orlowski), 2020, Film or show, Paid, Teens). A Netflix docudrama in which former tech insiders explain how social feeds are built to hold attention. Influential with parents, though critics say it oversimplifies. A good primer on the attention economy that AI products also operate in. - [Race to Nowhere](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_to_Nowhere) (Vicki Abeles, 2009, Film or show, Paid, Teens). A self-distributed documentary about academic pressure, homework overload and burnout in high-achieving schools. Sparked many community screenings; critics found it one-sided. Useful for families thinking about stress and what school is for. - [Coded Bias](https://www.codedbias.com/) (Shalini Kantayya, 2020, Film or show, Paid, Teens). Follows MIT researcher Joy Buolamwini's discovery that face-recognition systems misread darker-skinned faces. A clear introduction to AI bias that teens can watch with parents; streamed widely and used in classrooms. - [AlphaGo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AlphaGo_(film)) (Greg Kohs, 2017, Film or show, Free, Ages 8–12). A gripping documentary about DeepMind's program taking on Go champion Lee Sedol. Shows how AI learns through self-play and how a human expert reacts to losing. A good family watch for curious kids 10 and up. - [The Thinking Game](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Thinking_Game) (Greg Kohs, 2024, Film or show, Free, Teens). A documentary following Demis Hassabis and Google DeepMind as they build AlphaFold to predict protein shapes. Free on YouTube since late 2025. Made with DeepMind's access, so it is an inside view, not a critical one. ### Podcasts - [EdSurge Podcast](https://www.edsurge.com/podcasts) (EdSurge / ISTE, Podcast, Free). Weekly conversations about education technology and the future of school, including many episodes on AI in classrooms. Aimed at educators but easy for parents to follow. - [Have You Heard](https://www.haveyouheardpodcast.com/) (Jennifer Berkshire & Jack Schneider, Podcast, Free). A journalist and a historian discuss education politics: school choice, vouchers, edtech and privatization. Skeptical of reform hype, so a good balance to optimistic AI-in-school pitches. - [Hard Fork](https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/hard-fork/id1528594034) (Kevin Roose & Casey Newton, The New York Times, 2022, Podcast, Free). A weekly tech show that covers AI news in plain language, regularly touching on chatbots, cheating and kids' use of AI. A lively way for parents to keep up with the tools children are using. - [The Ezra Klein Show](https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-ezra-klein-show/id1548604447) (Ezra Klein, The New York Times, Podcast, Free). Long interviews on big ideas, including many on AI and how it may change attention, relationships and childhood, such as an episode on AI companions and children who struggle to tell bots from people. - [Raising Good Humans](https://draliza.com/podcasts/) (Dr. Aliza Pressman, Mount Sinai Parenting Center, Podcast, Free). A developmental psychologist's parenting podcast, organized by child age and topic, with research-grounded episodes on resilience, sleep, discipline and tech. A calm, evidence-minded voice. - [Your Undivided Attention](https://www.humanetech.com/podcast) (Center for Humane Technology (Tristan Harris & Aza Raskin), Podcast, Free). A podcast from the group behind The Social Dilemma about how technology shapes attention and society, with recent episodes on AI and children, including how to measure AI safety for kids. Advocacy-minded. - [Brains On!](https://www.brainson.org/) (Brains On Universe, Podcast, Free, Ages 5–8). A popular science podcast for kids, built around listener questions, with episodes on robots, computers and how brains learn. Good for car rides; a screen-free way to feed curiosity. ## Where to keep up Research groups, evidence clearinghouses, journals, newsletters and data to follow the field. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/hubs ### Research labs - ★ [AI Hub for Education](https://scale.stanford.edu/ai) (SCALE Initiative, Stanford GSE, 2025, Organization, Free). Stanford's one-stop page for research on generative AI in K-12 schools. It gathers studies, short takeaways, policy briefs and tools, so you can see what is actually known about AI in classrooms before trusting a sales pitch. - ★ [Joan Ganz Cooney Center](https://joanganzcooneycenter.org/) (Sesame Workshop, 2007, Organization, Free). Sesame Workshop's independent research lab on kids and digital media. It publishes free reports and toolkits on family tech use, games, reading apps and designing with children, written for parents and designers alike. - [Stanford Accelerator for Learning](https://acceleratelearning.stanford.edu/) (Stanford Graduate School of Education, 2021, Organization, Free). A Stanford-wide effort that funds teams working on early childhood, learning differences, AI and adult learning. Its stories page is a readable way to follow new Stanford education research, though much of it is aimed at schools and policymakers. - [Lifelong Kindergarten](https://www.media.mit.edu/groups/lifelong-kindergarten/overview/) (Mitchel Resnick, MIT Media Lab, Organization, Free, Ages 5–8). The MIT group behind Scratch and OctoStudio. It argues kids learn best the way kindergartners do: by making, playing and sharing projects. A good place to see what creative, child-led uses of technology look like. - [Personal Robots Group](https://robots.media.mit.edu/) (Cynthia Breazeal, MIT Media Lab, Organization, Free). Breazeal's lab studies social robots and AI companions that learn alongside children, including robots that tell stories and help young kids build vocabulary. Read it to see where friendly AI learning partners may be heading. - [Project Zero](https://pz.harvard.edu/) (Harvard Graduate School of Education, 1967, Organization, Free). A long-running Harvard research group on thinking, creativity and understanding. Its free "thinking routines" (like See-Think-Wonder) are simple prompts parents can use at the kitchen table to get kids explaining their ideas. - ★ [Usable Knowledge](https://www.gse.harvard.edu/ideas/usable-knowledge) (Harvard Graduate School of Education, Blog, Free). Short, plain-English articles that turn Harvard education research into practical advice, on topics like reading, math talk, tutoring and kids' development. One of the easiest places for a parent to read real research without jargon. - [Raising a Reader in the Digital Age](https://www.gse.harvard.edu/ideas/usable-knowledge/26/06/raising-reader-digital-age) (Usable Knowledge, Harvard GSE, 2026, Article, Free, Ages 5–8). A Usable Knowledge piece on helping children love reading when screens compete for their time. A good sample of the series: research-based, short, and focused on what families can actually do at home. - [The Family Tech Cycle: Navigating Screens, Devices, and Social Media](https://joanganzcooneycenter.org/publication/the-family-tech-cycle/) (Amanda Lenhart, Joan Ganz Cooney Center, 2026, Report, Free, Ages 5–8). Built from co-design sessions with parents and kids ages 4-14. It describes tech rules as a cycle families keep revisiting, finds parents worn out by confusing controls, and asks companies for safer defaults. Funded by Verizon. - [Technology in Early Childhood (TEC) Center](https://www.erikson.edu/tec/) (Erikson Institute, Organization, Free, Ages 0–5). Erikson Institute's center on technology and media for children from birth to eight. It offers guidance for teachers and families on choosing and using digital tools in developmentally sensible ways. The site blocks automated readers. - [KidsTeam UW](https://www.kidsteam.ischool.uw.edu/) (Jason Yip, UW Information School, Organization, Free, Ages 8–12). A University of Washington lab where children ages 7-11 are design partners, not test subjects, helping researchers invent new technology. Its methods show how kids' own ideas can shape apps and AI tools. - [Penn Graduate School of Education](https://www.gse.upenn.edu/) (University of Pennsylvania, Organization, Free). Penn's education school is a major source of research on literacy, teaching, school policy and learning analytics. Its news pages explain faculty studies in plain terms. Aimed mostly at educators. - [Human-Computer Interaction Institute](https://hcii.cmu.edu/) (Carnegie Mellon University, Organization, Free). Carnegie Mellon's HCI institute is home to decades of work on computer tutors, including the research behind cognitive tutors for math. Recent projects test AI tools that help human tutors work with middle schoolers. - [The Simon Initiative](https://www.cmu.edu/simon/) (Carnegie Mellon University, Organization, Free). CMU's hub for "learning engineering": using data and learning science to keep improving courses and software. It offers OpenSimon, a free toolkit, and runs the LearnLab summer school for researchers. - [Temple Infant & Child Laboratory](https://www.templeinfantlab.com/) (Kathy Hirsh-Pasek & Nora Newcombe, Temple University, Organization, Free, Ages 0–5). Hirsh-Pasek and Newcombe's lab studies how children ages 0-10 learn language, spatial skills and memory, and how play drives learning. Families can join online studies. Hirsh-Pasek also co-wrote widely used rules for judging educational apps. ### Policy and global bodies - [Center for Universal Education](https://www.brookings.edu/centers/center-for-universal-education/) (Brookings Institution, Organization, Free). Brookings' education center, led by Rebecca Winthrop, works on what children everywhere need to learn, family-school partnerships and AI. It hosts the Global Task Force on AI in Education. Free reports and commentary. - [Technology in education: A tool on whose terms?](https://www.unesco.org/gem-report/en/publication/technology) (UNESCO Global Education Monitoring Report, 2023, Report, Free). UNESCO's flagship 2023 report on edtech worldwide. It weighs where technology helps access and quality against hype and harm, and helped spark the global wave of phone limits in schools. - [Digital Technologies in Education](https://www.worldbank.org/ext/en/topic/education/digital-technologies-in-education) (World Bank, Organization, Free). The World Bank's edtech team funds and studies technology in schools in low- and middle-income countries, including large trials of AI tutoring. Its briefs are a good check on what works beyond rich countries. - [UNICEF Innocenti - Global Office of Research and Foresight](https://www.unicef.org/innocenti/) (UNICEF, Organization, Free). UNICEF's research office on children's rights and well-being, including digital life, online safety and AI. Free reports written with children's perspectives in mind. - [Education sector](https://www.povertyactionlab.org/sector/education) (J-PAL (Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab), MIT, Organization, Free). J-PAL runs randomized trials of education programs worldwide. Its policy insights page sums up what dozens of trials say about tutoring, teaching at the right level and edtech, in short readable summaries. - [EdTech Hub](https://edtechhub.org/) (EdTech Hub, Organization, Free). A global research partnership on technology in education, focused on low- and middle-income countries. Its free evidence library and reviews cut through edtech claims with plain findings. - [AI Observatory & Action Lab](https://edtechhub.org/ai-observatory/) (EdTech Hub, 2026, Tool, Free). EdTech Hub's tracker of AI in education around the world. Its Signal Library collects new studies, news and examples, and the lab tests AI tools in real settings. Written for ministries but readable by anyone curious. - [Center on Reinventing Public Education: AI in Education](https://crpe.org/focus_areas/ai-education/) (CRPE, Arizona State University, Organization, Free). CRPE tracks how school districts and states actually adopt AI. Its 2026 reports find districts mostly working it out alone and state policy lagging. Good for parents asking what their district is doing. - [Education and Literacy](https://www.rand.org/topics/education-and-literacy.html) (RAND Corporation, Organization, Free). RAND's education research, including national surveys of teachers, principals and districts. Its panels are among the best sources on how often teachers and students really use AI. - [More Districts Are Training Teachers on Artificial Intelligence: Findings from the American School District Panel](https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RRA956-31.html) (Diliberti, Lake & Weiner, RAND, 2025, Report, Free). About half of U.S. districts trained teachers on AI by fall 2024, double the year before. Low-poverty districts are ahead, and early training focused on easing teachers' fears. A snapshot of where schools stood. ### Evidence clearinghouses - [What Works Clearinghouse](https://ies.ed.gov/ncee/wwc/) (Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education, 2002, Tool, Free). The federal government's reviews of education research, with intervention ratings and free practice guides on topics like early reading and math. Federal cuts in 2025 slowed new work, but the existing guides remain a solid reference. - ★ [Education Endowment Foundation](https://educationendowmentfoundation.org.uk/) (Education Endowment Foundation (UK), 2011, Organization, Free). England's education evidence charity. Its free Teaching and Learning Toolkit compares approaches like feedback, homework and tutoring by cost, months of progress gained and strength of evidence. The site blocks automated readers. - [Campbell Collaboration](https://www.campbellcollaboration.org/) (Campbell Collaboration, 2000, Organization, Free). An international network that publishes careful systematic reviews in education and social policy, with plain-language summaries. Its reviews pull together many studies on one question, such as whether a type of tutoring works. - [EdWorkingPapers](https://edworkingpapers.com/) (Annenberg Institute, Brown University, Data, Free). A free archive of new education research papers, many on tutoring, absenteeism, teachers and edtech. These are working papers, not yet peer reviewed, so findings can change, but this is where news often breaks first. - [Economics of Education Program](https://www.nber.org/programs-projects/programs-working-groups/economics-education) (National Bureau of Economic Research, Organization, Free). NBER's education economists post working papers on school spending, tutoring, screens, AI and test scores. Papers are free but not peer reviewed yet; many famous education findings appear here first. ### Funders and field builders - [Digital Promise: AI and Emerging Tech](https://digitalpromise.org/topics/ai-emerging-tech/) (Digital Promise, Organization, Free). A nonprofit that connects researchers, schools and edtech makers. Its AI work includes guides for districts, an AI literacy framework and product certifications that check whether an app is designed with learning research in mind. - [The Learning Agency](https://the-learning-agency.com/) (The Learning Agency, Organization, Free). A nonprofit that pushes learning engineering: open datasets, AI benchmarks for education tasks and contests for edtech builders. Its weekly newsletter is a fast way to follow AI-and-learning research. - [Tools Competition](https://tools-competition.org/) (Renaissance Philanthropy & The Learning Agency, Organization, Free). A big yearly edtech prize ($50k-$300k awards) for tools that improve learning and share data with researchers. Browsing past winners is a good way to discover new, research-minded learning apps. - [EdTech Index](https://iste.org/edtech-index) (ISTE+ASCD, Tool, Free). A searchable directory of thousands of edtech products with details on evidence, privacy and standards. Handy for checking an app your school assigns, though listings rely partly on company-supplied information. - [Education](https://chanzuckerberg.com/education/) (Chan Zuckerberg Initiative, 2015, Organization, Free). CZI funds learning science research and free tools for schools, with growing work on AI. It is a major funder in the field, so it shapes which research and products get built. - [Learning Commons](https://learningcommons.org/) (Learning Commons (backed by the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative), 2025, Tool, Free). Open, shared building blocks for education AI: a knowledge graph of standards and curricula, and evaluators that check AI-made lessons against research rubrics. Behind the scenes, but it shapes the AI tools kids will meet. - [K-12 Education](https://www.gatesfoundation.org/our-work/programs/us-program/k-12-education) (Gates Foundation, Organization, Free). The Gates Foundation's U.S. school work now centers on math: better materials, teacher support and digital tools. As one of the largest education funders, its priorities ripple through what schools adopt. - [Overdeck Family Foundation](https://overdeck.org/) (Overdeck Family Foundation, 2011, Organization, Free). A funder focused on school readiness, K-8 literacy and math, and kids' future skills, with a strong evidence bent. Its blog and research repository include spotlights on topics like AI tutoring evidence. - [Walton Family Foundation-Gallup Gen Z Research Hub](https://www.gallup.com/analytics/651674/gen-z-research.aspx) (Gallup & Walton Family Foundation, Data, Free, Teens). Ongoing Gallup surveys of young people and teachers on school, well-being and AI, funded by the Walton Family Foundation. Good for real numbers on how students feel about school and use AI. - [Three in 10 Teachers Use AI Weekly, Saving Six Weeks a Year](https://news.gallup.com/poll/691967/three-teachers-weekly-saving-six-weeks-year.aspx) (Gallup & Walton Family Foundation, 2025, Report, Free). A 2025 survey of 2,232 U.S. public school teachers. About six in ten used AI for work, and weekly users said it saved them nearly six hours a week. Self-reported time savings, not measured ones. ### AI literacy and guidance groups - [aiEDU](https://www.aiedu.org/) (The AI Education Project, Organization, Free, Teens). A nonprofit offering free AI literacy lessons and readiness tools for schools, aimed at making sure all students, not just wealthy ones, understand AI. - [EDSAFE AI Alliance](https://www.edsafeai.org/) (EDSAFE AI Alliance, Organization, Free). A coalition that writes frameworks for safe, fair and effective AI in education, including its SAFE benchmarks. Policy-flavored, but useful for knowing what standards a good school AI tool should meet. - [AI Risk Assessments](https://institute.commonsensemedia.org/risk-assessments) (Common Sense Media, Youth AI Safety Institute, Tool, Free). Common Sense rates AI products used by kids, from chatbots to AI toys, for risk, much as it rates movies. Ratings reflect Common Sense's own testing and criteria; useful before handing a child a new AI app. - [Common Sense Media Research](https://www.commonsensemedia.org/research) (Common Sense Media, Organization, Free). Common Sense's research library: national surveys on kids' media use, reports on teens and AI companions, and studies of AI toys. One of the most cited sources of numbers on kids and technology. - [AI Index](https://hai.stanford.edu/ai-index) (Stanford Institute for Human-Centered AI, Report, Free). Stanford's yearly report on the state of AI, with charts on models, costs, policy and an education chapter on AI and computer science teaching. Good for big-picture context on how fast things are changing. - [Internet & Technology research](https://www.pewresearch.org/topic/internet-technology/) (Pew Research Center, Data, Free). Pew's nonpartisan surveys on how Americans, including teens and parents, use technology and AI. Its teen reports, such as how many use ChatGPT for schoolwork, are widely cited and free. ### Journals - [Computers & Education](https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/computers-and-education) (Elsevier, Organization, Paid). A leading journal on digital technology in learning, from games and tablets to AI tutors. Many articles are paywalled; search Google Scholar for free author copies. The site blocks automated readers. - [Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence](https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/computers-and-education-artificial-intelligence) (Elsevier, 2020, Organization, Free). A fully open-access journal focused on AI in education, so every article is free to read. A good place to find recent studies on chatbots, AI feedback and adaptive learning. - [International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education](https://link.springer.com/journal/40593) (International AIED Society (Springer), Organization, Some free). The flagship journal of the AI-in-education research community, publishing studies on intelligent tutors and AI learning tools since long before ChatGPT. Some articles are open access; many are paywalled. - [Child Development](https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1467-8624) (Society for Research in Child Development (Wiley), 1930, Organization, Some free). A top journal on how children grow and learn, from infant language to teen thinking. Mostly paywalled, but it is where much of the core science on child learning is published. - [JAMA Pediatrics](https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics) (American Medical Association, Organization, Some free). A leading medical journal on child and teen health that publishes many of the big studies on screen time, social media and development. Abstracts are free; full articles are often paywalled. - [Educational Psychology Review](https://link.springer.com/journal/10648) (Springer, Organization, Some free). Publishes review articles and meta-analyses on how people learn, including retrieval practice, feedback and motivation. Reviews here are a good shortcut to the state of a whole topic. Mixed open access. - [npj Science of Learning](https://www.nature.com/npjscilearn/) (Nature Portfolio, 2016, Organization, Free). An open-access journal linking brain science, psychology and education. Free to read, with studies on memory, attention, reading and math learning. - [AERA Open](https://www.aera.net/Publications/Journals/AERA-Open) (American Educational Research Association, 2015, Organization, Free). An open-access journal from the main U.S. education research association, covering everything from tutoring to school policy. Every article is free. ### Conferences - [AIED: International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education](https://iaied.org/conferences) (International AIED Society, Organization, Free). The main yearly research conference on AI in education, running since the 1980s. Its papers preview the AI tutoring and feedback ideas that later show up in apps. - [ACM Conference on Learning @ Scale](https://learningatscale.acm.org/) (ACM, Organization, Free). A research conference on learning with millions of users: online courses, large learning apps and AI tools. Papers often use real data from big platforms. The site blocks automated readers. - [Educational Data Mining conference](https://educationaldatamining.org/conferences/) (International Educational Data Mining Society, Organization, Free). The yearly meeting where researchers mine learning-app data to predict struggle, model knowledge and personalize practice. Proceedings are free online. - [Interaction Design and Children (IDC)](https://idc.acm.org/) (ACM SIGCHI, Organization, Free). The main research conference on designing technology for and with children, including AI, games and reading tools. The best place to see how kid-centered design research is done. - [ISTELive](https://conference.iste.org/2027/) (ISTE+ASCD, Organization, Paid). The biggest U.S. edtech conference for teachers, with thousands of sessions and an expo hall of vendors. Next edition: Boston, June 2027. Good for spotting what tools schools will buy next. - [ASU+GSV Summit](https://asugsvsummit.com/) (Arizona State University & GSV Ventures, Organization, Paid). A large investor-heavy education conference in San Diego where edtech companies, funders and policymakers meet. Its talks show where money and AI products in education are flowing. - [SXSW EDU](https://sxswedu.com/) (SXSW, Organization, Some free). A spring festival in Austin on the future of learning, with talks, workshops and film. Many sessions are posted online free afterward. - [Learning Analytics & Knowledge (LAK)](https://www.solaresearch.org/events/lak/) (Society for Learning Analytics Research, Organization, Free). The leading conference on using learner data to understand and support learning, including dashboards, prediction and ethics. Research-heavy, but it sets the agenda for adaptive learning tools. - [SRCD 2027 Biennial Meeting](https://www.srcd.org/event/srcd-2027-biennial-meeting) (Society for Research in Child Development, Organization, Paid). The main conference on child development science, held every two years. New research on kids' learning, language, play and media use is presented here first. ### Data and report cards - ★ [The Nation's Report Card (NAEP)](https://www.nationsreportcard.gov/) (National Center for Education Statistics, 1969, Data, Free). The only national test given the same way across U.S. states. Recent results show reading and math scores well below pre-pandemic levels, and only 14% of 13-year-olds reading for fun almost daily in 2025. - [Program for International Student Assessment (PISA)](https://nces.ed.gov/surveys/pisa/) (NCES (U.S. site for OECD's PISA), 2000, Data, Free, Teens). The U.S. government's page for PISA, the OECD test of 15-year-olds in reading, math and science across about 80 countries. Includes U.S. results and how American teens compare internationally. - [PISA (OECD)](https://www.oecd.org/pisa/) (OECD Directorate for Education and Skills, 2000, Data, Free, Teens). OECD's home for PISA and its education work, including the Digital Education Outlook on AI in schools. Rich comparative data on how countries teach and what students learn. The site blocks automated readers. - [TIMSS 2023](https://timss2023.org/) (IEA & TIMSS & PIRLS International Study Center, Boston College, 2024, Data, Free). International math and science results for 4th and 8th graders in about 70 countries, released December 2024. Lets you compare U.S. kids with peers abroad and track gender gaps. - [PIRLS 2021 International Results in Reading](https://pirls2021.org/) (IEA & Boston College, 2023, Data, Free, Ages 8–12). The global study of 4th-grade reading in about 60 countries, with data on home reading habits and school practices. The next round, PIRLS 2026, is under way, with results due later. - [ICILS: International Computer and Information Literacy Study](https://www.iea.nl/studies/iea/icils) (IEA, 2013, Data, Free, Teens). Measures 8th graders' computer, information and computational thinking skills across countries. Results challenge the idea that kids who grow up with screens are automatically good with technology. - [Education Scorecard (Education Recovery Scorecard)](https://educationscorecard.org/) (Harvard CEPR & Stanford Educational Opportunity Project, 2022, Data, Free). Look up your own school district's learning loss and recovery since the pandemic in math and reading. One of the most useful tools for parents to see local, not just national, trends. - [The Educational Opportunity Project at Stanford University](https://edopportunity.org/) (Sean Reardon et al., Stanford, Data, Free). Maps of test-score data for nearly every U.S. school and district, showing average scores and how much students grow each year. Growth often tells you more about a school than raw scores. - [Be A Learning Hero research](https://bealearninghero.org/research/) (Learning Heroes, Report, Free). Learning Heroes' parent surveys found most parents think their child is at grade level even when tests say otherwise, often because report-card grades look good. Its "Go Beyond Grades" work explains how to check. - [NWEA Research](https://www.nwea.org/research/) (NWEA (HMH), Report, Free). Research from the maker of the MAP Growth test, drawing on millions of student scores to track learning trends and pandemic recovery. Written by a testing company, but its data is large and frequently cited. ### News sites - ★ [Proof Points by Jill Barshay](https://hechingerreport.org/author/jill-barshay/) (Jill Barshay, The Hechinger Report, Article, Free). A weekly column that explains one new education study at a time, including many on AI tutors, edtech and reading. Perhaps the best ongoing source of honest research summaries for parents. - [Education Week: Artificial Intelligence](https://www.edweek.org/technology/artificial-intelligence) (Education Week, 1981, Article, Free + paid). The main U.S. trade paper for K-12 educators, with a dedicated AI section covering classroom use, policy and teacher views. Some articles require a free account or subscription. - [Education Next](https://www.educationnext.org/) (Hoover Institution & Harvard PEPG, 2001, Article, Free). A journal of opinion and research on education policy, with a yearly national poll of parents and the public. Tends toward school choice and accountability views; sound for research-backed debate. - [MindShift](https://www.kqed.org/mindshift) (KQED, Article, Free). Public-media coverage of how kids learn, with stories on play, reading, math, attention and technology. Practical and family-friendly, with a matching podcast. ### Newsletters and blogs - [AI Compass in Schools Newsletter](https://scale.stanford.edu/ai/newsletter) (SCALE Initiative, Stanford GSE, Newsletter, Free). Stanford SCALE's free newsletter on AI in K-12 schools. It highlights new studies added to its research repository along with practical takeaways for school leaders and families. - [The Cutting Ed](https://the-learning-agency.com/the-cutting-ed/) (The Learning Agency, Blog, Free). The Learning Agency's weekly articles on the future of learning: AI tutors, assessment, edtech backlash and interviews with researchers. Guest posts mixed in; pairs with its weekly newsletter. - [GSV: AI & Education](https://aieducation.substack.com/) (Claire Zau, GSV Ventures, Newsletter, Free). Claire Zau's widely read newsletter tracking AI products, research and deals in education. Written from an edtech investor's seat, so read it for the industry view. - [Educating AI](https://nickpotkalitsky.substack.com/) (Nick Potkalitsky, Newsletter, Free). A teacher and researcher's Substack on using AI in writing instruction and K-12 classrooms, with practical classroom stories and thoughtful skepticism. - [No More Marking](https://substack.nomoremarking.com/) (Daisy Christodoulou, Newsletter, Free). Daisy Christodoulou writes on assessment, writing and AI, including experiments testing how well AI grades student work. Her company sells comparative-judgment assessment. ### Communities - [Edutopia](https://www.edutopia.org/) (George Lucas Educational Foundation, Community, Free). Free articles and videos by and for teachers on classroom strategies, many grounded in research. Parents can find clear explanations of practices like retrieval practice or project-based learning. - [r/Teachers](https://www.reddit.com/r/Teachers/) (Reddit community, Community, Free). A huge, candid forum of teachers. Reading threads on AI, phones and homework gives parents an unfiltered look at what classrooms are dealing with. Anonymous posts; treat as anecdote. - [r/Parenting](https://www.reddit.com/r/Parenting/) (Reddit community, Community, Free). One of the largest parenting forums online, with frequent threads on screen time, school and kids using AI. Helpful for real-world tips; advice varies widely in quality. - [Mumsnet Education](https://www.mumsnet.com/talk/education) (Mumsnet, Community, Free). The UK's big parenting forum's education board, where parents discuss schools, reading, tutoring and tech. UK-centric but full of practical discussion. ## Safety, privacy and the rules The short version: parental controls on AI tools, privacy ratings, and the laws that protect kids online. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/safety-law ### Device and account controls - ★ [Family Link](https://families.google/familylink/) (Google, App, Free). Google's free parental control app for Android phones, Chromebooks and Google accounts: screen time limits, app approvals, content filters for YouTube, Chrome and Search, and location sharing. Also where you manage a child's access to Gemini. - ★ [Set up parental controls to manage your child's iPhone or iPad](https://support.apple.com/en-us/105121) (Apple, Guide, Free). Apple's guide to Screen Time and Family Sharing: Ask to Buy, website limits, contact limits, downtime schedules, age ratings, and Communication Safety, which blurs nude images. Many protections switch on by default for child accounts. - [Microsoft Family Safety](https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/family-safety) (Microsoft, App, Free + paid). Free tool for Windows, Xbox and Android: screen time limits by app and game, activity reports, and web filters. Kids can ask for more time from their device. Web filtering works only in the Edge browser, so other browsers get blocked. - [Parents' Ultimate Guide to Parental Controls](https://www.commonsensemedia.org/articles/parents-ultimate-guide-to-parental-controls) (Common Sense Media, 2021, Guide, Free). A broad overview of every kind of control, from built-in phone settings to router filters and monitoring apps, with honest notes on what each can and cannot do. Some product details are dated (first posted 2021), but the framework holds. - [Parental controls](https://www.nspcc.org.uk/keeping-children-safe/online-safety/parental-controls/) (NSPCC, Guide, Free). The UK children's charity's practical page on setting controls on home broadband, phones, consoles and apps, with the reminder that controls work best alongside regular talks about what kids see online. ### Privacy and school records - ★ [Common Sense Privacy Program](https://privacy.commonsense.org/) (Common Sense Media, Tool, Free). Free privacy ratings of thousands of kids' apps and school tools, based on reading each company's privacy policy. Check an app before your child signs up, or ask your school whether its tools passed. Ratings judge policies, not actual data practices. - [2023 State of Kids' Privacy](https://www.commonsensemedia.org/research/2023-state-of-kids-privacy) (Common Sense Media, 2023, Report, Free). Common Sense's review of popular apps found many do not clearly say how they make money from user data, and argued privacy laws need real enforcement. Background for why reading a privacy rating matters. - [Ask Your Kid's School These Essential Student Privacy and Safety Questions](https://www.commonsensemedia.org/articles/ask-your-kids-school-these-essential-student-privacy-and-safety-questions) (Common Sense Media, 2018, Guide, Free). A short list of questions to bring to a school meeting: which apps collect student data, who can see it, and how long it is kept. Written before the AI boom, but the same questions apply to AI tutors and chatbots used in class. - ★ [Understanding Your Child's School Records: A Parent's Primer on FERPA](https://studentprivacy.ed.gov/resources/parent-guide-family-educational-rights-and-privacy-act-ferpa) (US Department of Education, 2021, Guide, Free). Official plain-English guide to FERPA, the federal law that lets parents see and correct their child's school records and limits who schools can share them with. Rights pass to the student at 18. In English and Spanish. - [Student-First AI Policy Offers Model for Districts Nationwide](https://fairplayforkids.org/student-first-ai-policy-offers-model-for-districts-nationwide-as-evidence-mounts-of-ai-harms/) (Fairplay, 2026, Guide, Free). An October 2026 model school policy from an advocacy group skeptical of AI in classrooms: keep AI products out unless independent evidence shows better learning, strong privacy and no addictive design. Parents can bring it to a school board. ### US law - ★ [Protecting Your Child's Privacy Online](https://consumer.ftc.gov/articles/protecting-your-childs-privacy-online) (Federal Trade Commission, Guide, Free). The FTC's parent-facing page on COPPA, the US law that makes apps and sites get a parent's consent before collecting data from kids under 13. Explains what consent requests look like and what you can ask a company to delete. - [Complying with COPPA: Frequently Asked Questions](https://www.ftc.gov/business-guidance/resources/complying-coppa-frequently-asked-questions) (Federal Trade Commission, Guide, Free). The FTC's long Q&A for companies on the children's privacy rule. Written for businesses, but shows what an app must do: notify parents, get consent, let you delete data. The 2025 update (full compliance by April 2026) added separate consent for targeted ads and data-retention limits. - [Kids Online Safety Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kids_Online_Safety_Act) (Wikipedia, 2026, Article, Free, Teens). Readable history of KOSA, the federal bill that would give platforms a duty to protect minors and give parents more settings. It passed the Senate 91-3 in 2024, then stalled in the House. As of late 2026 it is still not law. - [Kids Online Safety Act (CRS In Focus IF12730)](https://www.everycrsreport.com/files/2026-08-24_IF12730_584f068130570c3b8485457e58a3a05dcae55406.html) (Congressional Research Service, 2026, Report, Free). Neutral two-page summary from Congress's research office, updated August 2026. Lists what KOSA would require (parent tools, limits on compulsive design, audits) and compares the Senate bill, sent to the floor in August 2026, with the House's KIDS Act, passed June 2026 without a duty of care. ### AI chatbot rules - [FTC launches inquiry into AI chatbots acting as companions](https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2025/09/ftc-launches-inquiry-ai-chatbots-acting-companions) (Federal Trade Commission, 2025, Report, Free, Teens). September 2025 press release: the FTC ordered several large AI and social media companies to explain how their companion chatbots affect kids and teens, how they test for harm, and what they tell parents. A study, not a rule, but a sign of where US oversight is heading. - ★ [Understanding the New Wave of Chatbot Legislation: California SB 243 and Beyond](https://fpf.org/blog/understanding-the-new-wave-of-chatbot-legislation-california-sb-243-and-beyond/) (Justine Gluck, Future of Privacy Forum, 2025, Article, Free). Clear rundown of the first US laws on AI companion chatbots: California SB 243, New York's companion law, plus Maine and Utah disclosure rules and bills on therapy bots. Good map of what protections now exist where you live. FPF has industry supporters. - [SB-243 Companion chatbots](https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260SB243) (California Legislature, 2025, Law, Free, Teens). California's companion chatbot law, signed October 2025. Bots must say they are AI, remind known minors to take a break every three hours, block sexual content for minors, and follow a self-harm protocol. A stricter bill, AB 1064, was vetoed. - [Artificial Intelligence 2025 Legislation](https://www.ncsl.org/technology-and-communication/artificial-intelligence-2025-legislation) (National Conference of State Legislatures, 2025, Data, Free). A searchable state-by-state table of AI bills from the 2025 sessions; every state introduced some and 38 enacted around 100 measures. Useful to look up whether your state passed anything on chatbots, schools or minors. ### UK and EU law - [The Children's code and children's online privacy](https://ico.org.uk/for-the-public/the-children-s-code-and-children-s-online-privacy/) (Information Commissioner's Office (UK), Guide, Free). Plain-English page for families on the UK Age Appropriate Design Code. Explains what apps used by under-18s must now do, such as high-privacy defaults, location off, and no nudges to share more, and how to complain if they do not. - [Age appropriate design: a code of practice for online services](https://ico.org.uk/for-organisations/uk-gdpr-guidance-and-resources/childrens-information/childrens-code-guidance-and-resources/age-appropriate-design-a-code-of-practice-for-online-services/) (Information Commissioner's Office (UK), 2020, Law, Free). The full Children's Code: 15 standards in force since 2021 for any online service likely to be used by kids, from games to learning apps. Its 'best interests of the child' approach has been copied by other countries and US states. - ★ [Switched on to privacy](https://ico.org.uk/switched-on-to-privacy/) (Information Commissioner's Office (UK), 2026, Guide, Free, Ages 5–8). A 2026 UK campaign for parents of kids aged 4 to 11 with short videos, real parent stories and a three-step routine: chat about privacy, choose what to share, and check settings each time a new app or device arrives. - [New rules for a safer generation of children online](https://www.ofcom.org.uk/online-safety/protecting-children/new-rules-for-a-safer-generation-of-children-online) (Ofcom, 2025, Guide, Free, Teens). Ofcom's summary of the UK Online Safety Act children's codes, in force since July 2025. Platforms must check ages before showing porn or self-harm content, tame kids' feeds, and give children easy reporting. Explains what families should now expect to see. - [Online Safety Act: explainer](https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/online-safety-act-explainer/online-safety-act-explainer) (UK Government (DSIT), 2025, Guide, Free). The government's overview of the Online Safety Act: which content counts as harmful to children, the July 2025 deadlines, and fines up to 10% of global revenue. Says little about AI chatbots specifically. - [Commission publishes guidelines on the protection of minors](https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/commission-publishes-guidelines-protection-minors) (European Commission, 2025, Guide, Free). The EU's July 2025 guidelines under the Digital Services Act on what platforms open to minors should do: private accounts by default, safer recommendations, limits on addictive features and loot boxes, and reliable age checks. Non-binding but used to judge compliance. - [The Digital Services Act (DSA) explained: what online platforms should do to keep kids and teens safe online](https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/digital-service-act-dsa-explained-what-online-platforms-should-do-keep-kids-and-teens-safe-online) (European Commission, 2025, Guide, Free, Teens). A short family-friendly booklet, in every EU language, that turns the DSA minors guidelines into plain words. Handy for parents and older kids in Europe who want to know what to expect from apps and how to report problems. - [Protecting and empowering young people online](https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/protecting-young-people-online) (European Commission, 2026, Guide, Free). The EU's hub page on kids' online safety. Collects the DSA guidelines, the age-verification app, Better Internet for Kids resources, and news of the KIDS Act proposed in September 2026, which would add a minimum age for social media. - [Article 5: Prohibited AI Practices](https://artificialintelligenceact.eu/article/5/) (Future of Life Institute (EU AI Act explorer), 2024, Law, Free). Readable copy of the EU AI Act's banned uses, including AI that exploits a child's age to distort behavior and emotion recognition in schools. These bans have applied since February 2025. The site is run by a nonprofit, not the EU. - [Annex III: High-Risk AI Systems Referred to in Article 6(2)](https://artificialintelligenceact.eu/annex/3/) (Future of Life Institute (EU AI Act explorer), 2024, Law, Free). The list of 'high-risk' AI uses under the EU AI Act. Section 3 covers education: AI that decides admissions, grades work, places students by level, or watches for cheating. Those tools face testing and oversight rules, though the start date has been pushed back. - [EU AI Act: How Well Does it Protect Children and Young People?](https://lcfi.ac.uk/news-events/blog/post/eu-ai-act-how-well-does-it-protect-children-and-young-people) (Nomisha Kurian, Leverhulme Centre for the Future of Intelligence, 2024, Blog, Free). A Cambridge researcher's short take on what the AI Act gets right for kids (explicit child-rights language) and where it leaves gaps for children. Written in April 2024, before the final text, so a few details have moved. ### Australia and age checks - ★ [Social media age restrictions and your family](https://www.esafety.gov.au/parents/social-media-age-restrictions) (eSafety Commissioner (Australia), 2025, Guide, Free, Teens). Australia's official parent page for the under-16 social media minimum age that began 10 December 2025. Explains which apps are covered, what happens to existing accounts, and how to keep talking with kids who may try to get around it. - [Social media 'ban' or delay FAQs](https://esafety.gov.au/about-us/industry-regulation/social-media-age-restrictions/faqs) (eSafety Commissioner (Australia), 2025, Guide, Free, Teens). Detailed answers on Australia's under-16 rule: the list of restricted platforms (TikTok, Instagram, YouTube, Snapchat and others), what stays open (YouTube Kids, Roblox, messaging, school tools), and why parents cannot opt their child in. - [Online Safety Amendment (Social Media Minimum Age) Act 2024](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_Safety_Amendment) (Wikipedia, 2026, Article, Free). Background on Australia's under-16 law: how it passed, the age-assurance trial, criticism from privacy and youth groups, and how platforms responded after December 2025. A balanced starting point before reading the official pages. - [Trial finds age assurance can be done, as under-16s social media ban deadline looms](https://www.abc.net.au/news/2025-06-20/age-assurance-trial-preliminary-report/105440288) (ABC News (Australia), 2025, Article, Free). Report on the government's age-checking technology trial. Testers said age checks are workable, but face-scanning was off by more than 18 months for some teens and some vendors over-collected data. Good context on how accurate age checks really are. - [Building towards age prediction](https://openai.com/index/building-towards-age-prediction/) (OpenAI, 2025, Article, Free, Teens). OpenAI's September 2025 plan to estimate whether a ChatGPT user is under 18 from how they use it, default unsure users to the teen experience, and ask for ID in some places. Written by the company, so read alongside independent tests. - [Commission presents guidelines and age verification app prototype for a safer online space for children](https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/commission-presents-guidelines-and-age-verification-app-prototype-safer-online-space-children) (European Commission, 2025, Article, Free). July 2025 announcement of the EU's prototype age-verification app, which lets someone prove they are over 18 without sharing other personal details. A test of 'privacy-preserving' age checks being piloted in several EU countries. ### Safety organizations - [Children & AI Design Code](https://5rightsfoundation.com/resource/children-ai-design-code/) (5Rights Foundation, 2025, Guide, Free). A March 2025 checklist for anyone building AI that children might use, written with child-rights and AI experts. Parents can borrow its questions (Is it safe by default? Who is accountable?) when sizing up an AI app. - [5Rights Foundation](https://5rightsfoundation.com/) (5Rights Foundation, Organization, Free). UK-based charity founded by Beeban Kidron that pushed for the UK Children's Code and now works on AI and children worldwide. Publishes research on harmful design in apps, games and AI, and policy toolkits. - [Internet Matters](https://www.internetmatters.org/) (Internet Matters, Organization, Free). UK nonprofit with step-by-step parental control guides for hundreds of devices and apps, plus research on kids and AI chatbots. Founded and funded by internet providers and tech firms including Google and Meta, which is worth knowing when reading its advice. - [Talking to children about AI](https://www.nspcc.org.uk/keeping-children-safe/online-safety/talking-to-children-about-ai/) (NSPCC, Guide, Free). The UK child protection charity's advice on starting conversations about AI chatbots and image tools, what risks to watch for, and where to get help. The NSPCC also runs a helpline and the Report Remove tool with Childline. - [ConnectSafely](https://connectsafely.org/) (ConnectSafely, Organization, Free). US nonprofit with short 'Parent's Guide' PDFs on apps, games and generative AI, plus a podcast. Practical and calm in tone. Several guides are produced with funding from the companies they cover, including Meta, so treat them as a start. - [Family Online Safety Institute (FOSI)](https://www.fosi.org/) (Family Online Safety Institute, Organization, Free). US nonprofit with free parent resources: 7 Steps to Good Digital Parenting, AI conversation starters, a family online safety agreement, and guides to Roblox and YouTube. Its members include tech companies such as OpenAI, TikTok, Roblox and Snap. - [New FOSI Research: Parents Are Underestimating Their Kids' Digital Lives - Especially With AI](https://fosi.org/new-fosi-research-parents-are-underestimating-their-kids-digital-lives-especially-with-ai/) (Family Online Safety Institute and Ipsos, 2026, Study, Free, Teens). 2026 survey of 4,000+ US and Australian families with kids 10-17. Kids reported more AI use than parents knew (38% vs 27% in the past week). Families used rules (68%) more than parental controls (49%), but most who used controls said they worked. Industry-funded group. - [Youth Perspectives on Online Safety, 2025](https://www.thorn.org/research/library/2025-youth-perspectives-on-online-safety/) (Thorn, 2026, Study, Free, Teens). Thorn's survey of about 1,000 US minors: 47% used an app before its minimum age, 67% used AI chatbots or companions, and some turned to AI for advice after a bad online sexual experience. Now tracks deepfake nudes and sextortion. From a nonprofit that builds child-safety tech. ### Parental controls in AI tools - [Introducing parental controls](https://openai.com/index/introducing-parental-controls/) (OpenAI, 2025, Article, Free, Teens). OpenAI's September 2025 launch of ChatGPT parental controls. Parents link accounts with a teen (13+) and can set quiet hours, turn off memory, voice and image tools, opt out of training, and get alerts if a chat suggests self-harm risk. Parents cannot read chats. - ★ [Parents' Ultimate Guide to ChatGPT Parental Controls](https://www.commonsensemedia.org/articles/parents-ultimate-guide-to-chatgpt-parental-controls) (Common Sense Media, 2026, Guide, Free, Teens). Step-by-step setup with a suggested setting for each switch (sensitive content on, model training off, image tools off, alerts on). Honest about the gaps: teens can make an unlinked account, and alerts are not reliable in a crisis. - [ChatGPT claims to have a safety net for teens. We watched it fail.](https://www.commonsensemedia.org/articles/chatgpt-claims-to-have-a-safety-net-for-teens-we-watched-it-fail) (Common Sense Media, 2026, Report, Free, Teens). Common Sense tested ChatGPT's teen mode with thousands of prompts in 2026 and found teens often went unrecognized, parent alerts did not fire in crisis chats, and hotline referrals dropped. It rates ChatGPT an unacceptable risk for kids. An advocacy test, not peer reviewed. - [Taking Bold Steps to Keep Teen Users Safe on Character.AI](https://blog.character.ai/u18-chat-announcement/) (Character.AI, 2025, Article, Free, Teens). Character.AI's October 2025 announcement that under-18 users would lose open-ended chat with characters by late November 2025, keeping only creative tools, plus new age checks. A company post that followed news reports, lawsuits and regulator questions. - [Empowering Parents, Protecting Teens: Meta's Approach to AI Safety](https://about.fb.com/news/2025/10/teen-ai-safety-approach/) (Meta, 2025, Article, Free, Teens). Meta's plan for parents to turn off teens' one-on-one chats with AI characters, block specific characters, and see topics discussed. A January 2026 update paused teen access to AI characters while a new version is built; Meta AI itself stays on. Company post. - ★ [Guiding your child's Gemini Apps experience](https://support.google.com/families/answer/16109150) (Google, 2025, Guide, Free, Ages 8–12). How parents turn Gemini on or off for a child under 13 in Family Link, and what extra filters kids get. Google admits filters are imperfect and suggests using it together. Not offered to supervised kids in the UK or EU. ### Getting help - [NetSmartz](https://www.missingkids.org/netsmartz/home) (National Center for Missing & Exploited Children, Course, Free). Free online safety videos, games and tip sheets for kids from early elementary through high school, covering gaming, generative AI, sextortion and social media. Includes the NetSmartzKids cartoons for younger children. Downloads need free registration. ## The lists Top lists for families (web: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists). ### Top 10 activities to get your child comfortable with AI Do it together. For parents who want their child to meet AI on good terms: curious, not scared, and not starry-eyed either. The best first steps are short, playful and done side by side, so you can talk about what the computer is doing while it happens. Most of these are free and need no account. A good pick lets your child see AI make mistakes, because that is when the real learning starts. Watch for tools with age limits in their terms, and keep chatbots on a grown-up's account for now. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/activities-to-get-your-child-comfortable-with-ai Good to know: Most chatbots have age limits in their terms: ChatGPT is 13+ with parent consent, Claude is 18+, and Gemini needs Family Link for under-13s. Check current terms. Webcam and microphone tools are fine for these activities, but say out loud when the camera or mic is on. Never let a first experience be a companion or friend-style chatbot. Let your child see AI make mistakes. It is the most useful thing they will learn. 1. [Play Quick, Draw! together](https://quickdraw.withgoogle.com/) (Google Creative Lab, Free, ages 5+). You get six things to doodle, about 20 seconds each, while a neural network tries to guess them. Kids laugh when it fails and cheer when it wins. It is the fastest way to show that AI guesses from patterns it has seen before. Watch for: Drawings can be added to Google's public drawing dataset. Say so before you play. 2. Go on an AI hunt around the house (ages 4+). Walk room to room and find things that sense, decide or learn: the phone's face unlock, a voice assistant, the TV's recommendations, photo search. Kids learn AI is already ordinary, which takes the mystery and fear out of it. 3. [Train a Teachable Machine on your faces](https://teachablemachine.withgoogle.com/) (Google, Free, ages 7+). In a few minutes your child can teach a model to tell a thumbs-up from a thumbs-down, or a smile from a frown, using the webcam. Training runs in the browser, so they see learning from examples happen live. Watch for: Uses the camera. Examples stay on your device unless you choose to save the project to Google Drive. 4. Ask a chatbot a question together, then check it (ages 8+ with a parent). Sit together on a grown-up's account and ask something your child already knows well, like facts about their favorite animal. They will spot the answers that sound sure but are wrong. That one experience builds a lasting habit of checking. Watch for: ChatGPT is 13+ with parent consent and Claude is 18+. Gemini has a Family Link path for under-13s. Check current terms. 5. [AI for Oceans](https://studio.code.org/courses/oceans/units/1) (Code.org, Free, ages 8+). Kids label pictures as fish or trash to train a bot that cleans the ocean, then try fuzzier labels where people disagree. It is a gentle, well-tested first look at training data and bias, and part of Code.org's Hour of AI. Watch for: No account needed to play; an account just saves progress. 6. [Sing with Blob Opera](https://artsandculture.google.com/experiment/blob-opera/AAHWrq360NcGbw) (Google Arts & Culture, Free, ages 4+). Drag four colorful blobs up and down and they sing in harmony. A machine learning model trained on real opera singers fills in the voices. It shows AI as a creative instrument that a child plays, not the other way around. 7. [Watch a Day of AI family video and talk](https://dayofai.org/family-resources) (MIT RAISE / Day of AI with Common Sense Media, Free, ages 6+). Three short family videos come with guides that hold conversation prompts and quick activities on what AI is, fairness and privacy, and using AI for schoolwork. Good for families who want a structured start. 8. [Doodle with AutoDraw](https://www.autodraw.com/) (Google Creative Lab, Free, ages 5+). Your child scribbles, and AutoDraw suggests cleaner drawings it thinks you meant. It is a low-stakes way to see a computer predict intent, and to notice when its guess is not what you wanted at all. 9. [Name birds or plants with an AI app on a walk](https://merlin.allaboutbirds.org/) (Cornell Lab of Ornithology (Merlin), Free, ages 5+). Merlin listens to birdsong and suggests which birds are nearby. Kids get outdoors, and they learn that AI can be a helpful tool that is sometimes unsure. Compare its guess with what you can see. Watch for: Uses the microphone and location while open. Check the app's settings. 10. Write three family AI rules together (ages 6+). End the first week by writing a short family agreement in your child's words: where AI is used, what we never share, and who to tell if something feels off. Kids keep rules they helped write. ### 12 prompting exercises for kids, by age Do it together. Prompting is just asking clearly: saying what you want, giving enough context, and checking what comes back. Kids can practice most of it without a chatbot at all, and the rest works best with a parent at the keyboard. These exercises go from age 5 to teens. The goal is not clever tricks; it is clear thinking, which helps with teachers and friends too. A good exercise ends with checking the answer, because a well-asked question can still get a wrong reply. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/prompting-exercises-for-kids-by-age Good to know: For kids under 13, the parent types on the parent's account; most chatbots have 13+ or 18+ terms. Never put full names, school names, addresses or face photos into a prompt. A great prompt can still get a wrong answer. Every exercise should end with checking. Image generators can produce odd or upsetting pictures; stay beside your child. 1. Draw exactly what I say (no screen) (ages 5-7). One person describes a picture; the other draws only what they hear. Vague words like 'a thing' make funny drawings. Kids learn that the listener, human or computer, can only work with what you tell it. 2. The who-what-where sandwich (ages 6-8). Build a request out of three parts: who it is for, what you want, and where or how. 'A story' becomes 'A short bedtime story for my little brother about a sleepy dragon in a library.' Parent types; kid builds. 3. [Say What You See](https://artsandculture.google.com/experiment/say-what-you-see/jwG3m7wQShZngw) (Google Arts & Culture, Free, ages 8+). A prompt-writing game: you see a picture and write a description to get an image generator to make something close to it. It rewards specific words about color, style and setting, which is the core skill of prompting. Watch for: Do it together; the generated images are not always what you expect. 4. Fix the bad prompt (ages 8-11). Parent writes three weak requests, like 'help with math'. The child rewrites each to be clearer, then you try both versions and compare. Seeing the better answer come back is the lesson. 5. Explain it like I'm 9 (ages 8-12). Ask the same question twice: once plainly, once with 'explain it for a 9-year-old who likes soccer.' Kids learn that context about the reader changes the answer, and that they can ask for what they need. 6. Ask it to ask you first (ages 9+). Add 'Before you answer, ask me three questions about what I need.' The chatbot's questions show kids what context they forgot. It flips them from passive asker to someone in charge of the conversation. 7. Give an example (ages 10+). Show the chatbot one example of the kind of thing you want, like a sample riddle, and ask for five more like it. Kids learn that examples often say more than long instructions, a trick that also works on people. 8. Set the limits (ages 10+). Practice adding rules: word count, format, reading level, what to leave out. 'Three bullet points, no more than 10 words each.' Then check whether the chatbot actually followed them. It often slips, which is worth noticing. 9. Is that true? Follow-ups (ages 10+). After any answer, practice three follow-ups: How sure are you? What would change your answer? Where could I check this? Then really check one claim elsewhere. This is the habit that matters most. 10. Two chatbots, one question (ages 12+). Ask two different assistants the same carefully worded question and compare. Where they disagree is where to dig. Teens learn no single AI is the final word. Watch for: Use accounts that fit each product's age terms, or a parent's account. 11. Break it into steps (ages 12+). For a big task, like planning a science project, ask for a plan first, then work through one step at a time, checking each. Teens learn that splitting a problem gives better results than one giant ask. 12. Catch the made-up fact (ages 12+). Ask about a book, person or place that does not exist, or a very local topic. See whether the chatbot invents details. It is the clearest demonstration of why checking matters, and it sticks. ### 14 AI unplugged activities with no screen Do it together. You can teach the big ideas behind AI with cards, crayons and a kitchen table. Unplugged activities are popular with researchers and teachers because kids act out the machine's steps themselves, so the ideas stick. These work for siblings of different ages and need no account, no camera and no screen time. Many come from the AI Unplugged and CS Unplugged collections, which have free printables. A good unplugged game ends with one question: how is that like what a computer does? Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/ai-unplugged-activities-no-screen Good to know: Keep it short: 15-20 minutes is plenty for young kids. Some AI Unplugged printables were made in Germany; a few are only in German, so preview before printing. Always close with the link back to real AI, or it is just a fun game. Fairness talks can get personal; let your child lead with their own examples. 1. [Good monkey, bad monkey (decision trees)](https://www.aiunplugged.org/) (AI Unplugged, Free printables, ages 7+). Kids get picture cards of monkeys labeled as ones that bite or don't, then build a yes-no question tree that sorts new monkeys. It shows how a machine learns rules from labeled examples, and how it can be wrong on new ones. 2. Sort the toy box (classification) (ages 3+). Dump a bin of toys and sort them by a rule: color, size, things with wheels. Then let your child invent a secret rule for you to guess. Classifying from features is the heart of most AI. 3. Be the robot (ages 4+). One person is a robot that follows instructions exactly and literally. The other gives directions to make a sandwich or walk to the door. Kids learn computers do what you say, not what you mean. 4. [Beat the crocodile (learning from rewards)](https://www.aiunplugged.org/) (AI Unplugged, Free printables, ages 8+). A small board game where the 'computer' player loses pieces when it makes bad moves, and slowly stops making them. Kids watch a dumb player turn smart through wins and losses, which is reinforcement learning. 5. [Pictures are numbers (pixel grid)](https://www.csunplugged.org/en/) (CS Unplugged, Free, ages 7+). Color squares on graph paper from a list of numbers to reveal a picture. Kids discover that a computer 'sees' an image as a grid of numbers, which is how face unlock and photo search start. 6. Guess the next word (ages 6+). Read a sentence aloud and stop: 'Once upon a...'. Everyone guesses the next word. Talk about why 'time' is so likely. Chatbots work by predicting likely next words, at huge scale. 7. [The Turing test at dinner](https://www.aiunplugged.org/) (AI Unplugged, Free, ages 9+). Two people answer written questions, one acting as a computer with a rule sheet. The judge must guess who is who. It starts a great talk about whether sounding human means thinking like one. 8. What's in the bag? (sensors) (ages 3+). Put objects in a bag and guess them by touch only, then by sound only. Kids learn that machines also sense the world through limited senses like cameras and microphones, and guess from partial clues. 9. Twenty questions, robot style (ages 6+). Play twenty questions, but write down each yes-no question. Afterward, look at which questions cut the possibilities in half. That is how decision trees and early AI programs narrowed choices. 10. Teach the stuffed animal (ages 4-7). Your child is the teacher showing a stuffed animal three pictures of cats and three of dogs. Then the toy (you) has to guess a new picture, and gets it wrong if the examples were all the same color. A first lesson on training data. 11. Biased bag of beads (ages 8+). Fill a bag mostly with red beads and a few blue. Kids pull a handful and predict what the whole world looks like. Then show the real mix. Learning from a lopsided sample is how AI picks up bias. 12. Recipe as an algorithm (ages 6+). Write a recipe as numbered steps with no guessing allowed, then follow it exactly. Kids find the gaps. AI systems are built from precise steps and lots of data, and gaps cause errors. 13. Pattern necklace (ages 3-6). String beads in a pattern and ask your child what comes next. Then let them build a pattern to stump you. Spotting and continuing patterns is the simplest idea behind machine learning. 14. Fair or unfair? Card sort (ages 8+). Write short cards about AI in everyday life, like a camera that only opens the door for some faces or an app suggesting videos. Sort them into fair, unfair and not sure. AI4K12 puts societal impact at the center for a reason. ### 12 weekend AI projects for families Do it together. These are bigger than a quick game: one to three hours on a Saturday, with something to show at the end. Train a model on your pets, animate a drawing, build a simple chatbot in Scratch, or help real scientists by labeling data. Every project here is free or nearly free and works on a normal laptop or phone. The best weekend projects let your child make the choices while you handle sign-ups and settings. Check each tool's age terms before your child makes an account. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/weekend-ai-projects-for-families Good to know: Parents handle accounts; read each tool's age terms before your child signs up. Turn off public sharing for projects unless you have talked about it. Photos of your kids' faces should not go into tools that store or share them. Keep a finished-project folder so the weekend has a payoff kids can show. 1. [Train a model to recognize your pets](https://teachablemachine.withgoogle.com/) (Google Teachable Machine, Free, ages 7+). Take photos of the dog, the cat, and the empty couch, and train a model that knows who is on the sofa. Kids learn why more and more varied photos give a better model. 2. [Build a chatbot in Scratch](https://scratch.mit.edu/) (MIT Scratch, Free, ages 8+). Use Scratch's ask-and-answer blocks to build a character that replies to what you type with if-then rules. Kids discover how early chatbots worked and why today's ones needed huge amounts of text instead. Watch for: Kids under 13 need a parent's email to create a Scratch account; projects can be shared publicly, so check settings. 3. [Make a Scratch game that learns](https://machinelearningforkids.co.uk/) (Machine Learning for Kids (Dale Lane), Free, ages 9+). Train a model on words or pictures, then use it inside Scratch, for example a character that reacts to compliments and insults. Dozens of guided projects with worksheets make it easy to follow at home. Watch for: Sign-up options vary; a parent or teacher sets up the account. Read the site's getting-started notes first. 4. [Bring a drawing to life](https://sketch.metademolab.com/) (Meta FAIR Animated Drawings, Free, ages 4+ with a parent). Photograph your child's drawing of a person or creature and the tool makes it dance, jump or wave. Kids stay the artist; the AI only adds motion. Great for a family movie night. Watch for: You upload a photo to Meta. Read the consent choice about letting them use drawings for research. 5. [Build a phone app that recognizes things](https://classifier.appinventor.mit.edu/) (MIT App Inventor Personal Image Classifier, Free, ages 11+). Train an image model in the browser, then drop it into an MIT App Inventor app that runs on your phone. It is a real, shareable app, and teens see the whole path from data to product. 6. [Backyard bird count with Merlin](https://merlin.allaboutbirds.org/) (Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Free, ages 5+). Sit outside for 20 minutes while Merlin's sound ID suggests which birds are singing. Make a tally chart. Kids practice checking an AI's guess with their own eyes and a field guide. Watch for: Uses mic and location while running. 7. [Help scientists by labeling real data](https://www.zooniverse.org/) (Zooniverse, Free, ages 8+ with a parent). Zooniverse projects ask volunteers to label photos of animals, galaxies or old documents. Many of those labels train research AI. Kids see that behind every model are lots of careful human labels. Watch for: Pick a project together; some images (like camera traps) can show predators and prey. 8. [Dance Party: AI Edition](https://code.org/en-US/hour-of-code/dance) (Code.org, Free, ages 8+). Code a dance video with blocks, then use the AI feature to describe a mood and let it pick moves and backgrounds. Then change what it chose. A playful way to show AI as a helper you edit. 9. [Follow the AI for beginners pathway](https://projects.raspberrypi.org/en/pathways/ai-for-beginners) (Raspberry Pi Foundation, Free, ages 9+). Step-by-step projects from the Raspberry Pi Foundation walk kids through building small machine learning projects. Clear instructions mean a parent with no coding background can follow along. 10. [Make a stop-motion movie](https://www.stopmotionstudio.com/) (Stop Motion Studio, Free basic app; paid upgrades, ages 7+). Shoot a short film with toys or clay, frame by frame. Afterward, talk about how AI video tools create frames too, and why a handmade film shows the maker's choices in every frame. Watch for: In-app purchases for extra features. 11. [Family AI evening with the Day of AI guides](https://www.commonsense.org/education/families-ai-literacy-toolkit) (Common Sense Media and Day of AI, Free, ages 6+). Three short videos with family guides, conversation cards and hands-on activities. Do all three over a weekend: what AI is, privacy and fairness, and AI for schoolwork. Available in several languages. 12. [Make a family Quick, Draw! poster](https://quickdraw.withgoogle.com/data) (Google Creative Lab, Free, ages 6+). Browse thousands of real doodles people drew for one word, like 'cat', then each draw your own and see how yours compares. Kids see the training data an AI learned from, including its odd and surprising examples. ### 12 ways to use AI to supplement what your child learns at school Do it together. AI can be a patient extra explainer at home: a second way into a topic that did not click in class, or a way to go deeper on something your child loves. Used well, it supports the teacher instead of replacing them. Used badly, it does the thinking for your child. These ideas keep your child doing the work, with AI adding practice, examples and questions. Sit nearby, check the answers, and follow your school's AI rules. For younger kids, use a grown-up account. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/ways-to-use-ai-to-supplement-school Good to know: Follow your school's AI policy; some teachers ban AI on certain work. Do not paste names, grades, teacher comments or photos of classmates into a chatbot. AI explanations and answer keys can be confidently wrong. Check against the textbook. Most chatbots are 13+ or 18+ in their terms; use a parent's account for younger kids. If your child starts asking AI before trying, step back to doing it first. 1. A second explanation, a different way (ages 8+). When a concept from class is fuzzy, ask for an explanation using something your child knows: fractions with pizza, photosynthesis as a kitchen. Then have your child explain it back in their own words. 2. Make a practice quiz from the study guide (ages 9+). Paste the teacher's study guide (no names) and ask for 10 practice questions with answers hidden. Self-testing is one of the best-proven ways to remember. Your child answers first, then checks. Watch for: AI answer keys can be wrong. Check doubtful ones together. 3. Extra practice at the right level (ages 7+). Ask for five more problems just like the homework, a little easier or harder. Kids who need more reps get them, and kids who are bored get a stretch. Keep the answers hidden until they try. 4. [Khanmigo with Khan Academy](https://www.khanmigo.ai/) (Khan Academy, ages Check current terms). An AI tutor built into Khan Academy that is designed to guide with questions instead of handing over answers. It pairs with Khan's free lessons, so practice follows a clear path. Watch for: Family access has been paid; check the current price and whether your school already provides it. 5. Interview a historical figure, then fact-check (ages 10+). Ask the AI to answer as a figure from the current history unit, then find two things to verify in the textbook. It makes history lively and trains your child to treat role-play as fiction until checked. Watch for: Role-play answers mix fact and invention. Always check. 6. Vocabulary in context (ages 8+). For each new spelling or vocab word, ask for three sentences that use it in different ways, then have your child write a fourth. Seeing a word in several settings builds real understanding. 7. Language practice partner (ages 10+). For kids learning a second language, a chatbot can hold a slow, simple conversation about a topic from class and gently fix mistakes. Ask it to keep sentences short and to correct only one error at a time. 8. Follow the 'why' chain on a science topic (ages 8+). Take one fact from science class and ask why, then why again, three levels deep. Then check the deepest answer in a trusted source. Curiosity grows, and kids practice verifying. 9. Plan a big project into steps (ages 10+). For a long assignment, ask AI to help break it into a calendar of small tasks. Your child edits the plan. Planning is a skill schools expect but rarely teach, and the doing stays with the child. 10. [Free AI lessons from trusted curricula](https://dayofai.org/curriculum-resources) (Day of AI (MIT RAISE), Free, ages 4-18). In August 2026 Day of AI released a free grade-by-grade PreK-12 AI literacy curriculum. Parents can borrow lessons to fill gaps if your school does not teach AI yet. 11. Compare summaries (ages 10+). Your child summarizes a chapter first, then asks AI for a summary, and you compare. What did each leave out? It builds reading skill and shows that AI summaries can miss the point. Watch for: Never let the AI summary replace reading the chapter. 12. Turn a passion into practice (ages 7+). Ask for math word problems about Minecraft, horses or basketball at your child's grade level. The same skill, wrapped in what they love, often gets a reluctant learner going. ### 18 conversation starters about AI for the dinner table, by age Do it together. Short questions, no screens, real talk. Kids already have opinions about AI from school, friends and videos; dinner is a good place to hear them. These questions are grouped by age, from little kids who wonder whether robots dream to teens weighing jobs, art and fairness. You do not need the answers. The point is to listen, share your own uncertainty, and come back to the topic often. If a question leads to a worry, that is a gift: now you know what to talk about. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/dinner-table-conversation-starters-about-ai Good to know: Listen more than you lecture; one question per meal is plenty. If a question uncovers a worry, like a scary deepfake at school, follow up privately. Admit when you don't know. Modeling uncertainty is part of the lesson. Free family conversation cards are in the Common Sense and Day of AI family toolkit. 1. Is a robot vacuum smart? What about a toaster? (ages 4-7). Sorting machines into smart and not smart gets little kids thinking about what makes something AI: sensing, deciding, learning. There is no wrong answer, and the debate is fun. 2. If you taught a robot to find your favorite toy, what would you show it? (ages 4-7). Kids discover that teaching a machine means giving it lots of examples. Follow up: what if you only showed it the toy from the front, or only in the dark? Now they are thinking about training data. 3. Does a voice assistant have feelings? (ages 4-8). Young kids often treat talking devices as alive. This gently separates sounding friendly from having feelings, which matters as more toys and apps talk back. 4. What would you want a helper robot to do at our house? (ages 4-8). A happy, imaginative start that every age can join. Follow up with: what should it never do, and what should it always ask first? Kids start drawing their own lines about helpers and privacy. 5. Have you ever seen a computer make a mistake? (ages 6-10). Stories about autocorrect fails, silly photo tags or wrong video suggestions show that AI guesses rather than knows. Share one of your own mistakes with a machine, too; kids love a parent's fail story. 6. How do you think a phone knows it's your face? (ages 7-11). Invites a guess about cameras, patterns and training. Kids often reinvent the right idea on their own: the phone has seen your face many times and learned its shape. Then ask what could fool it. 7. If an AI wrote your story, would it still be yours? (ages 8-12). A big question about authorship and effort. Many kids decide that ideas, choices and hard work are what make something yours, which turns into a useful, home-grown rule for school projects. 8. Should an AI tell you when it's not sure? (ages 8-12). Kids think about honesty and confidence, and notice that chatbots often sound just as sure when they are wrong as when they are right. Ask: how do you show a friend you are not sure? 9. Why do you think the video app shows you what it shows you? (ages 8-13). Opens a talk about recommendation algorithms, attention and who benefits when you watch longer. Kids are often surprised to learn the app is guessing what will keep them there, not what is good for them. 10. What's something AI should never decide for people? (ages 9-13). Kids name things like who gets punished, who gets a job or who is a good friend. It is a natural start on fairness and why some choices need human judgment, kindness and a chance to explain. 11. How could we tell if a photo is fake? (ages 9-13). Practical and timely. Follow up with checking where a photo came from rather than hunting for weird fingers, which newer AI images often get right. 12. If an AI learned only from pictures of one kind of person, what would go wrong? (ages 10-14). A clear path into bias in training data. Teens often connect it to real cases they have heard about, like face recognition that works worse for some skin tones. Ask how the makers could have caught it. 13. Is it OK to make an AI picture of a real person? (ages 11+). Gets at consent and deepfakes before it happens at school. Be clear: never of classmates, and tell an adult if someone does it to you. 14. What jobs do you think AI will change? Which ones won't change? (ages 11+). Lets teens think about their future with curiosity instead of dread. Share honestly how AI is changing your own work, what got easier and what still needs a person, so the talk feels real. 15. Would you ever talk to an AI about your feelings? (ages 12+). A gentle way to learn whether your teen uses chatbots as confidants. Stay calm whatever the answer, and talk about why a trusted person is the better first call when something is really wrong. 16. Should students be allowed to use AI on homework? Where's the line? (ages 12+). Teens love arguing about rules. You will learn how they and their friends actually use AI, and you can agree on a line together that matches what their teachers expect. 17. Who should be responsible when an AI causes harm? (ages 13+). The maker, the user, the company that sold it, the government? A rich talk on accountability with no single right answer. Try a concrete case, like a self-driving car or a wrong medical tip. 18. What's one thing you learned better because you did it the hard way? (ages All ages). Brings it back to why effort matters, even when a shortcut exists. Everyone at the table answers, parents included. Kids remember the story of a parent learning something the slow, hard way. ### 13 games to spot fakes together (AI images, deepfakes, misinformation) Do it together. AI makes fake photos, voices and posts cheap to produce, so spotting fakes is now a basic life skill. The good news: research-backed games teach it well, and kids enjoy them. The best approach has changed, though. Hunting for weird fingers works less and less as AI improves; checking where something came from works better. These games build both instincts. Play them side by side and talk through every answer, especially the ones you both got wrong. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/games-to-spot-fakes-together Good to know: Newer AI images often have normal hands and text. Teach source-checking over glitch-hunting. Never make or share AI images of real people, especially classmates. Many schools treat it as bullying, and some states treat sexual deepfakes as a crime. If your child sees a deepfake of someone they know, tell them to save evidence and tell a trusted adult. Some misinformation games deal with politics or health scares; preview them first. 1. [Which Face Is Real?](https://www.whichfaceisreal.com/) (Jevin West and Carl Bergstrom, University of Washington, Free, ages 9+). Two faces appear side by side: one photo, one made by AI. Click the real one. It is quick, competitive, and opens a talk about how convincing fake people can be. Watch for: The fake faces come from older AI; today's fakes are harder to spot. Say so. 2. [Bad News](https://www.getbadnews.com/en) (Cambridge Social Decision-Making Lab and partners, Free, ages 14+). You play a fake-news tycoon and learn six tricks used to manipulate people. Studies by its makers found players got better at spotting misinformation. Learning the tricks from the inside works as a kind of vaccine. Watch for: Some crude humor and political themes. Preview it first. 3. [Harmony Square](https://harmonysquare.getbadnews.com/) (Cambridge Social Decision-Making Lab, Free, ages 12+). A 10-minute cartoon game where you stir up trouble in a quiet town with fake stories about a 'bear controller' election. It shows how outrage spreads, without real-world politics. 4. [Spot the Troll](https://spotthetroll.org/) (Clemson University Media Forensics Hub, Free, ages 12+). Look at eight social media profiles and decide which are real and which are fake accounts. After each answer it explains the warning signs. The updated version covers scams and health fakes. 5. [Interland: Reality River](https://beinternetawesome.withgoogle.com/en_us/interland) (Google Be Internet Awesome, Free, ages 7-12). A browser adventure game where kids cross a river by judging what is real and what is a trick online. No login needed. A gentle first step for younger kids. 6. [Reverse image search race](https://search.google/ways-to-search/lens/) (Google Lens, Free, ages 10+). Pick a viral photo and race to find where it first appeared. Kids learn the most reliable fake-spotting skill: tracing the source, not staring at pixels. 7. [Check for Content Credentials](https://verify.contentauthenticity.org/) (Content Authenticity Initiative, Free, ages 11+). Upload an image to see whether it carries Content Credentials, a label some cameras and AI tools attach to show how it was made. Kids learn that labels help but that most images have none. Watch for: No label does not mean fake, and labels can be stripped. Use it as one clue. 8. [RumorGuard weekly](https://www.rumorguard.org/) (News Literacy Project, Free, ages 11+). Short write-ups of viral rumors, including AI-generated images, with the checking steps shown. Read one together each week and guess before you read the verdict. 9. [Lateral reading challenge](https://cor.inquirygroup.org/) (Digital Inquiry Group (Civic Online Reasoning), Free, ages 11+). Fact-checkers leave a site and search what others say about it. These free lessons teach that move. Race each other: who can find out who runs a website fastest? Watch for: Free account needed for some lessons. 10. Make your own Real or AI quiz (ages 10+ with a parent). A parent makes a few AI images of everyday scenes and mixes them with your own photos. Kids guess. Then swap. Seeing how easy fakes are to make is the strongest lesson. Watch for: Use your own photos of places and objects, never real people's faces. 11. The family code word game (ages 7+). Voice-cloning scams fake a family member's voice asking for help. Pick a secret family code word, then role-play a call where someone 'sounds like Grandma' but doesn't know it. 12. [MediaWise for teens](https://www.poynter.org/mediawise/) (Poynter Institute, Free, ages 13+). Short fact-checking lessons and videos for teens from Poynter, a journalism nonprofit. Good for a teen who wants to go further on their own, with tips they can use on the feeds they actually scroll. 13. [Fact-check site scavenger hunt](https://www.factcheck.org/) (FactCheck.org (Annenberg Public Policy Center), Free, ages 11+). Pick a claim you saw this week and see if FactCheck.org, Snopes or PolitiFact has checked it. Compare how each one explains the evidence, and notice how often the full story is more complicated than the post. ### 12 creative projects with AI that keep your child the author Do it together. AI can make a song, comic or story in seconds, which is exactly why kids need projects where they stay in charge. In each idea here your child does the core creative work: the idea, the drawing, the words, the choices. AI plays a small supporting role, like animating a drawing, suggesting rhymes or asking questions about the plot. The result feels like theirs because it is. Most AI image and music generators are 13+ or 18+, so a parent runs those parts. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/creative-ai-projects-that-keep-your-child-the-author Good to know: Most AI image, music and video generators are 13+ or 18+ in their terms; a parent runs them. Do not upload photos of your child's face to make avatars or cartoons. AI-made music and art may copy styles of real artists; talk about fairness to creators. Public sharing settings on creative sites default differently; check before posting. 1. [Animate your own drawing](https://sketch.metademolab.com/) (Meta FAIR Animated Drawings, Free, ages 4+ with a parent). Your child draws the character; AI only makes it move. It is the clearest example of AI as a helper for a child's own art, and kids love seeing their creation dance. Watch for: Uploads go to Meta; read the research-use consent choice. 2. Story with an AI editor, not an AI writer (ages 8+). Your child writes the first draft by hand. Then a parent asks a chatbot to act as an editor that only asks questions: what does the hero want? What happens next? The child decides every change. 3. [Make a picture book](https://bookcreator.com/) (Book Creator, Free tier; paid plans, ages 6+). Kids write, draw and record their own voice for a digital book. AI can help with a spelling or word idea, but the pages are theirs. Print or share it with grandparents. Watch for: Check the free plan's limits and any AI features before your child uses them. 4. [Write lyrics, then make music in Chrome Music Lab](https://musiclab.chromeexperiments.com/) (Google Creative Lab, Free, ages 5+). Your child writes a short song and builds the tune with Song Maker. If stuck on a rhyme, ask AI for five rhyming words and let them pick. The melody and meaning stay theirs. 5. [Blob Opera duet](https://artsandculture.google.com/experiment/blob-opera/AAHWrq360NcGbw) (Google Arts & Culture, Free, ages 4+). Your child leads the melody by dragging a blob, and a model trained on opera singers adds harmony. Record a short performance. They are the composer; the AI is the backup choir. 6. Hand-drawn comic from a brainstorm (ages 8+). Use a chatbot only to brainstorm: ask for ten silly what-if ideas. Your child picks one and draws a four-panel comic by hand. The AI's list is just a spark; the comic is all theirs. 7. [Stop-motion short film](https://www.stopmotionstudio.com/) (Stop Motion Studio, Free basic app, ages 7+). Toys, clay and patience. Kids plan the story, move every piece and record the sounds. A great contrast to AI video: every frame shows a choice they made. Watch for: In-app purchases for extra features. 8. Improve the bad AI draft (ages 10+). Ask AI for a deliberately boring paragraph on a topic your child loves, then let them rewrite it to be funnier, truer and more specific. Kids learn their voice beats the default, and get good at revising. 9. Build a world bible (ages 9+). Your child invents a world: map, creatures, rules. AI asks follow-up questions to find holes (what do the dragons eat?). The child answers and keeps a notebook. It grows into stories, games and drawings. 10. [Code a dance video](https://code.org/en-US/hour-of-code/dance) (Code.org Dance Party, Free, ages 8+). Kids code the moves with blocks, and the AI feature suggests effects from a mood they describe. They then change whatever they don't like. A good lesson in editing AI choices. 11. [Make a Scratch game with a trained model](https://machinelearningforkids.co.uk/) (Machine Learning for Kids, Free, ages 9+). Kids design the game, draw the sprites and train the model on their own examples, like a character that recognizes their hand drawings. They own the idea and the data. 12. Credit card for the fridge (ages 6+). For any project where AI helped, add a small credit line: 'Story by Maya. Rhyme ideas from an AI.' It builds an honest habit that schools and future employers will expect. ### 12 science experiments that show how AI learns Do it together. Treat AI like a science topic: make a guess, run a test, change one thing, see what happens. These experiments let kids discover for themselves that more data helps, that lopsided data causes bias, and that models fail in predictable ways. All are free and run in a browser or phone. Keep a simple lab notebook with a hypothesis and a result for each one. The fun part is trying to fool the model on purpose. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/science-experiments-that-show-how-ai-learns Good to know: Camera-based tools: tell kids when the webcam is on, and prefer tools that train in the browser. Never train models on photos of other kids without their parents' permission. Keep a notebook: hypothesis, test, result. It turns play into science. Bias experiments can raise real questions about race and gender; be ready to talk. 1. [Does more data help? (Teachable Machine)](https://teachablemachine.withgoogle.com/) (Google, Free, ages 8+). Train rock, paper, scissors with 10 examples each, test it, then retrain with 100 each. Kids measure the difference themselves. The cleanest demo of why data matters. 2. [The background trick (bias in data)](https://teachablemachine.withgoogle.com/) (Google, Free, ages 9+). Train 'cup' only in the kitchen and 'book' only in the bedroom. Then hold the cup in the bedroom. The model may say 'book' because it learned the room, not the object. A memorable lesson in hidden bias. 3. [What did the model learn? (Quick, Draw! data)](https://quickdraw.withgoogle.com/data) (Google Creative Lab, Free, ages 7+). Browse real doodles for one word and notice patterns, like most people drawing a shoe from the side. Then draw one a different way and see if Quick, Draw! recognizes it. Kids see that models learn what is common. 4. [Fish or trash, then the tricky labels](https://studio.code.org/courses/oceans/units/1) (Code.org AI for Oceans, Free, ages 8+). First train the bot with clear labels, then with fuzzy ones like 'angry fish'. Kids discover that when people label differently, the model inherits their opinions. A strong opener for talks about fairness. 5. [Compliments vs insults text model](https://machinelearningforkids.co.uk/) (Machine Learning for Kids, Free, ages 9+). Train a text model on kind and unkind sentences, then test sarcasm and slang. Kids see where language models struggle and why tone is hard for machines. 6. [Hiring bias simulation](https://www.survivalofthebestfit.com/) (Survival of the Best Fit, Free, ages 12+). You hire people for a company, then let an algorithm learn from your choices. It copies and amplifies a bias. A short, eye-opening game about real-world harm. 7. [Conduct with your body](https://experiments.withgoogle.com/semi-conductor) (Google Creative Lab Semi-Conductor, Free, ages 6+). Wave your arms in front of the webcam to conduct an orchestra. Test what breaks pose detection: dim light, baggy sleeves, standing too close. Kids learn about perception, one of AI's Big Ideas. Watch for: Uses the webcam. 8. [Neural network playground](https://playground.tensorflow.org/) (TensorFlow, Free, ages 12+). Add layers and neurons, press play and watch a small network learn to separate colored dots. Change one setting at a time and record what happens. A real lab for curious middle and high schoolers. 9. [Next-word odds explorer](https://poloclub.github.io/transformer-explainer/) (Georgia Tech Polo Club (Transformer Explainer), Free, ages 12+). Type a sentence and see the probabilities a small language model gives for the next word. Slide the temperature to see answers get safer or wilder. It makes 'chatbots predict words' concrete. 10. [Nature ID accuracy test](https://merlin.allaboutbirds.org/) (Cornell Lab Merlin, Free, ages 7+). Record the same birdsong from near and far, or with traffic noise, and see how the app's confidence changes. Kids learn that noisy input makes AI less sure. Watch for: Uses mic and location. 11. [Fool the emoji hunt](https://archive.google/emojiscavengerhunt/) (Google (archived experiment), Free, ages 7+). The phone camera hunts for real objects matching an emoji. Try fooling it with drawings or photos of the object. Kids discover what a vision model actually looks for. Watch for: Archived experiment; it may stop working. Uses the camera. 12. [How Normal Am I? (with a parent)](https://www.hownormalami.eu/) (Tijmen Schep (EU-funded project), Free, ages 14+ with a parent). Face-analysis algorithms guess your age, attractiveness and more from the webcam, then explain how unreliable those guesses are. A powerful lesson on judgments AI should not make. Watch for: It scores looks and body size, which can hurt. Preview it first and skip if your teen is sensitive about appearance. ### 12 ways to use AI for homework without cheating Do it together. The test is simple: after using AI, does your child understand more, or did the AI just do the work? Homework is practice, and skipping practice is like sending a robot to soccer practice. These approaches use AI as a tutor, quizzer or checker while your child does the thinking. Start by reading your school's AI policy, because rules differ by teacher and assignment. When in doubt, have your child ask the teacher and say how AI was used. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/ways-to-use-ai-for-homework-without-cheating Good to know: Follow the teacher's AI rules for each assignment; they vary. AI detectors are unreliable; if your child is wrongly accused, ask to show drafts and notes. Chatbots make up citations. Never let a source from AI go in unchecked. Most chatbots are 13+ or 18+ in their terms; younger kids use a parent's account with a parent nearby. If grades rise but understanding doesn't, the AI is doing too much. 1. Try first, then ask (ages 8+). Your child attempts every problem before opening a chatbot. Then they ask only about the one they're stuck on. Effort first protects the learning; AI fills the gap. 2. Ask for a hint, not the answer (ages 8+). Teach the phrase: 'Don't give me the answer. Give me one hint.' Many chatbots will follow it. Your child solves the rest. Several assistants now offer study or tutor modes built around this. 3. Check my work after I finish (ages 9+). Your child solves a math set on paper, then asks AI to check the answers and explain any mistakes. They see where their thinking slipped. Then they redo the wrong ones themselves. Watch for: AI can mark right answers wrong. If it disagrees, check with the textbook. 4. Quiz me before the test (ages 9+). Ask AI to quiz your child on the unit, one question at a time, without showing answers until they reply. Testing yourself is one of the best-studied ways to learn. 5. Explain my mistake (ages 10+). When a teacher marks something wrong, ask AI to explain why that type of answer is wrong, in simple words. Your child then explains it back to you. 6. Brainstorm, then close the laptop (ages 10+). For a writing assignment, AI can help list possible topics or angles. Then the laptop closes and your child picks one and writes it alone. Ideas from anywhere are fine; the writing must be theirs. Watch for: Check the teacher's rules; some assignments ban AI brainstorming too. 7. Feedback, not rewrites (ages 11+). After your child writes a draft, ask AI for three specific suggestions without rewriting any sentences. Your child decides which to use. This mirrors how a good writing teacher works. 8. Say how you used it (ages 10+). Add a one-line note to work where AI helped: 'I used AI to quiz me and check my answers.' Honesty protects your child, and many teachers welcome it. 9. Never paste the whole assignment (ages All ages). A simple family rule for every age. If the prompt is the assignment itself, the AI is doing the homework. Paste one confusing step or concept instead, and do the rest of the work yourself. 10. Verify facts with a second source (ages 10+). Any fact from AI that goes into homework gets checked in the textbook, a library database or a trusted site. Chatbots invent facts and sources, and teachers notice. 11. Read aloud and vocabulary help (ages 7+). For struggling readers or kids learning English, AI can define a hard word or read back a passage. That removes a barrier without doing the thinking, and works well for accessibility. 12. Teach it back to the AI (ages 11+). Your child explains a concept to the chatbot and asks it to find holes in the explanation. Teaching is a strong way to learn, and the AI acts as a curious student. ### 15 rules for a family AI agreement Do it together. A family AI agreement is a short list of rules you write together and post where everyone can see it. It works best when kids help write it and parents follow it too. Use these 15 rules as a starting template: keep the ones that fit, reword them in your child's language, and add your own. Revisit it every few months, because the tools change fast. The AAP's Family Media Plan and the Common Sense family toolkit are good companions. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/family-ai-agreement-rules Good to know: Write it in your child's words and keep it to one page. Start your own from the AAP Family Media Plan: https://www.healthychildren.org/English/fmp/Pages/MediaPlan.aspx The free Common Sense and Day of AI family toolkit has conversation cards to help draft it: https://www.commonsense.org/education/families-ai-literacy-toolkit Rules work best with reasons. Explain the why for each one. Parental controls help but don't replace the conversation. 1. We check the age rules before trying a new AI app (ages All ages). Many AI tools are 13+ or 18+ in their terms. A grown-up reads them first and decides. That keeps kids out of adult products, and kids learn age rules exist for a reason. 2. AI lives in shared spaces (ages All ages). Use chatbots and AI tools in the kitchen or living room, not behind a closed door. It keeps conversations visible and makes asking for help natural. 3. We never share private details (ages All ages). No full names, addresses, school names, passwords or photos of faces go into an AI tool. Chatbots may store conversations and use them to improve their models. 4. AI is a tool, not a friend (ages All ages). No companion or 'AI friend' apps. AI can help with tasks, but feelings go to people. Some companion bots have said harmful things to kids, and several have adult age limits. 5. If AI says something weird, scary or mean, tell a grown-up, and you won't be in trouble (ages All ages). Kids hide problems when they fear losing the device. A clear no-punishment promise keeps the door open, so you hear about the strange chatbot reply or the upsetting picture while it is still small. 6. We check important answers (ages 8+). Anything for school, health or safety gets checked with a second trusted source, like a book, a teacher or a well-known site. AI can sound sure and still be wrong, and it sometimes invents sources. 7. Schoolwork follows the teacher's rules (ages 8+). Each teacher may set different AI rules, even for different assignments. We follow them and say when we used AI. If the rule is unclear, we ask the teacher before starting, not after. 8. We never make fake pictures, videos or voices of real people (ages All ages). Making AI images of classmates, teachers or family without permission can be bullying, and some deepfakes are crimes. This rule has no exceptions for jokes. 9. We have a family code word (ages 6+). Scammers can clone voices from short clips. On any urgent call asking for money or help, ask for the code word. Never post or text it. 10. No buying, subscribing or upgrading without asking (ages All ages). AI apps push paid plans, credits, tokens and in-app purchases, often with timers and pop-ups. A grown-up approves any spending, and we never save a card on a child's device or account. 11. We give credit to AI when it helped (ages 8+). Stories, art and projects note any AI help with a short credit line. It builds honesty, matches what many schools now ask, and respects the real artists and writers whose work trained these tools. 12. Devices and AI assistants leave the bedroom at night (ages All ages). Sleep matters more than any app. Smart speakers, tablets and phones charge outside bedrooms overnight. The AAP Family Media Plan has a simple section on device-free zones and times you can copy. 13. We try it ourselves first (ages 6+). Before asking AI to do something, we give it a real try on our own. Struggle is how brains grow, and a first attempt also makes it easier to tell whether the AI's answer makes sense. 14. Grown-ups follow these rules too (ages All ages). Kids notice when parents break the rules. If you ask a chatbot during dinner or share a family photo with an AI app, you lose the moral high ground. Follow the same agreement you ask of them. 15. We review this agreement every three months (ages All ages). New tools and new ages bring new questions. Put a date on the calendar and let kids propose changes. Older kids earn more freedom by showing good judgment. ### 12 ways to teach kids how AI actually works Do it together. Kids handle AI better when it stops being magic. The core ideas are simple: computers sense the world as numbers, learn patterns from lots of examples, and make guesses that can be wrong. Chatbots are very large next-word guessers trained on huge amounts of text. You can teach all of this without being a programmer. These ideas follow the AI4K12 Five Big Ideas, a framework built for K-12 teachers, and use free tools and household props. Pick one a week. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/ways-to-teach-kids-how-ai-actually-works Good to know: Avoid saying AI 'thinks' or 'knows'; say it 'guesses' or 'predicts' so kids get the right model. Do not overclaim either; nobody fully understands what happens inside large models. Mix screen and unplugged activities so learning doesn't become more screen time. Keep coming back to societal impact: who benefits, who could be hurt. 1. [Start with the Five Big Ideas poster](https://ai4k12.org/) (AI4K12 (AAAI and CSTA), Free, ages Parents). Perception, representation and reasoning, learning, natural interaction, and societal impact. The free poster gives you a map of what to teach, with guidance by grade band. Print it for the fridge. 2. Play the next-word game (ages 6+). Start sentences and have everyone guess the next word. Then explain that chatbots do this at enormous scale, one word at a time, using patterns from text. It demystifies chatbots in five minutes. 3. [See the next-word odds](https://poloclub.github.io/transformer-explainer/) (Georgia Tech Polo Club, Free, ages 12+). Transformer Explainer runs a small language model in your browser and shows the probability of each possible next word. Teens see guessing, not knowing, behind the answers. 4. [Teach a model with examples](https://teachablemachine.withgoogle.com/) (Google Teachable Machine, Free, ages 7+). Training a quick image or sound model shows that AI learns from labeled examples, not from rules someone typed. Kids see it improve as they add examples. 5. [Images are numbers](https://www.csunplugged.org/en/) (CS Unplugged, Free, ages 7+). Fill in a pixel grid from numbers to show how a camera turns the world into data. That is the perception idea: machines sense through numbers. 6. [Watch the How AI Works videos](https://code.org/en-US/curriculum/how-artificial-intelligence-works) (Code.org, Free, ages 11+). Short videos on machine learning, training data and bias, neural networks, computer vision and chatbots, each with a lesson plan. Watch one per week and try the discussion questions. 7. [Act out a decision tree](https://www.aiunplugged.org/) (AI Unplugged, Free, ages 7+). Sort picture cards with yes-no questions to build a classifier by hand. Kids grasp how a model turns features into a decision, and why new cases can trip it up. 8. [Show training data and bias](https://studio.code.org/courses/oceans/units/1) (Code.org AI for Oceans, Free, ages 8+). Kids label ocean pictures, watch the model learn, then see it inherit their opinions on fuzzy labels. It ties the learning idea to the societal impact idea in one short, playful activity. 9. Catch a hallucination (ages 10+). Ask a chatbot about something fake or obscure and watch it invent an answer. Explain why: it predicts plausible words, it does not look things up unless it has a search tool. 10. [Learning from rewards](https://www.aiunplugged.org/) (AI Unplugged (Beat the Crocodile), Free, ages 8+). A small board game where the computer player removes losing moves after each game and slowly improves. Kids see reinforcement learning, the idea behind many game-playing AIs, happen with paper and pencils. 11. [Try the RAISE Playground](https://raise.mit.edu/resources/raise-playground/) (MIT RAISE, Free, ages 10+). An MIT platform of hands-on activities that teach core AI concepts in a block-coding setting. A good next step for kids who loved Scratch and want to build small AI projects of their own. 12. [Learn it yourself first with Elements of AI](https://www.elementsofai.com/) (University of Helsinki and MinnaLearn, Free, ages Parents and teens 14+). A free, self-paced online course for non-programmers, with short exercises and no heavy math. A few evenings give you the background to answer your child's questions with confidence, and teens can join you. ### 12 videos that explain AI to kids Do it together. A good video can explain a hard idea in five minutes, especially when you watch together and pause to talk. These picks come from trusted educators: Code.org, PBS Crash Course, TED-Ed, MIT and Common Sense, plus a few gems for older kids. Most are short and free. Watch first on your own if your child is young, and pair each one with a question or a hands-on activity. YouTube links can lead into recommended videos, so use full screen and stay nearby. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/videos-that-explain-ai-to-kids Good to know: YouTube autoplays the next video; turn autoplay off or watch from the lesson page. Some videos predate today's chatbots; add a short update in your own words. Pause and ask one question per video so it isn't just more screen time. Documentaries on bias can raise hard topics; watch with your teen. 1. [How AI Works: What is Machine Learning?](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OeU5m6vRyCk) (Code.org, Free, ages 10+). A short, clear opening to Code.org's series that explains how machines learn from data. Part of a free set with lesson plans, so you can follow up with activities. 2. [How AI Works: Training Data and Bias](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x2mRoFNm22g) (Code.org, Free, ages 10+). Shows how the data an AI learns from shapes what it does, including unfair results. Pair it with AI for Oceans for a hands-on follow-up. 3. [How AI Works: Chatbots and Large Language Models](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X-AWdfSFCHQ) (Code.org, Free, ages 11+). Explains how chatbots predict text and why they make mistakes. One of the clearest kid-level explanations of the tools your child will meet most, with a free lesson plan you can borrow for a family talk. 4. [How AI Works: How Neural Networks Work](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JrXazCEACVo) (Code.org, Free, ages 11+). A friendly picture of neural networks without any math. It shows layers passing signals along to make a guess. Follow it with the TensorFlow Playground for curious kids who want to try one. 5. [How AI Works: How Computer Vision Works](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2hXG8v8p0KM) (Code.org, Free, ages 10+). How computers turn a grid of pixels into recognizing a face, a cat or a stop sign. A good match for a Teachable Machine session the same day, so kids see the idea and then try it. 6. [Ethics and AI: Equal Access and Algorithmic Bias](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tJQSyzBUAew) (Code.org, Free, ages 11+). A short talk on fairness and who gets left out when AI is built without them. A strong starter for a dinner conversation about societal impact, which the AI4K12 framework puts at the center. 7. [Crash Course Artificial Intelligence](https://www.pbs.org/show/crash-course-artificial-intelligence/) (Crash Course with PBS Digital Studios, Free, ages 12+). A 20-episode series hosted by Jabril Ashe with John Green Bot. It covers supervised learning, neural networks, language, bias and more, with some build-along coding episodes. From 2019, so it predates today's chatbots. Watch for: Older series; pair with a newer video on chatbots. 8. [How does artificial intelligence learn?](https://ed.ted.com/lessons/how-does-artificial-intelligence-learn-briana-brownell) (TED-Ed (Briana Brownell), Free, ages 11+). An animated TED-Ed lesson on the main ways machines learn, with quiz questions and discussion prompts on the lesson page. Short enough for a weeknight, with enough depth for a good follow-up talk. 9. [Large Language Models explained briefly](https://3blue1brown.substack.com/p/large-language-models-explained-briefly) (3Blue1Brown (Grant Sanderson), Free, ages 13+). A short animated explainer made for a Computer History Museum exhibit. Beautiful visuals show how a chatbot predicts words. Great for teens; longer deep-dive videos follow if they get hooked. 10. [How I'm fighting bias in algorithms](https://www.ted.com/talks/joy_buolamwini_how_i_m_fighting_bias_in_algorithms) (TED (Joy Buolamwini), Free, ages 12+). MIT researcher Joy Buolamwini tells how face-detection software failed to see her face until she wore a white mask. A personal, powerful story about bias. 11. [Coded Bias (documentary)](https://www.pbs.org/video/coded-bias-trailer-ki2ogy/) (PBS Independent Lens (dir. Shalini Kantayya), ages 14+). A feature documentary following Joy Buolamwini's research on facial recognition and her push for accountability. A family movie night for teens that sparks real debate. Watch for: Feature length; check current streaming availability on PBS. 12. [Day of AI family videos](https://dayofai.org/family-resources) (Day of AI and Common Sense Media, Free, ages 6+ with parents). Three short family-friendly videos on what AI is, privacy and fairness, and using AI for schoolwork, each with a family guide. Made for watching together. ### 12 ways to raise a kid who thinks for themselves in the AI age Do it together. AI can answer almost any question in seconds. That makes the human skills more valuable: asking good questions, doubting smoothly worded answers, sticking with a hard problem, and forming your own view. None of these need a screen; they are habits built at home. This list is about everyday moves parents can make, from guessing before searching to asking who benefits. Small and steady wins here. Model the habits yourself, out loud, and kids will copy them. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/raise-a-kid-who-thinks-for-themselves-in-the-ai-age Good to know: Banning AI entirely can backfire; kids will use it elsewhere without your guidance. Don't make every question a lesson; keep curiosity fun. Be honest about your own AI use, including its mistakes. Critical thinking is not cynicism; teach kids to trust good sources too. 1. Ask 'How do you know?' every day (ages 4+). Make it a friendly family phrase for claims from friends, ads, videos and chatbots. Kids learn that confidence is not evidence, and they start asking it themselves. 2. Guess first, then look it up (ages 5+). Before asking AI or searching, everyone makes a guess. Then compare. It keeps your child's own thinking switched on, and makes the answer more memorable. 3. [Leave the page to check it](https://cor.inquirygroup.org/) (Digital Inquiry Group, Free, ages 10+). Professional fact-checkers open a new tab to see what others say about a source. Teach your child that move, called lateral reading. Free lessons are available. 4. Argue with the AI (ages 10+). Ask a chatbot for an opinion, then have your child argue the other side and ask the AI to find flaws in its own answer. Kids learn that answers can be challenged, and they practice reasoning. 5. Make room for being stuck (ages All ages). Let your child sit with a hard puzzle for a few minutes before you, or AI, rescue them. Productive struggle builds the patience and problem-solving that AI shortcuts skip. 6. Teach it back (ages 6+). After learning anything, from a video or a chatbot, your child explains it to you or a younger sibling. If they can't, they don't own it yet. 7. Keep a wonder list (ages 5+). A notebook of your child's own questions. Some get answered by books, some by experiments, some by AI, and some stay open. It shows that curiosity starts with them, not the machine. 8. Ask who made it and why (ages 8+). For every app, video or AI tool, ask: who made this, and how do they make money? Kids start spotting design meant to keep them scrolling or buying. 9. Notice the feeling, then check (ages 9+). If a post makes you furious or scared, that is the moment to slow down. Misinformation games from Cambridge show manipulation leans on strong emotion. Teach the pause. 10. Read long things (ages All ages). Chapter books and long articles build focus and the ability to follow an argument, both hard to get from summaries. Read together, even with older kids. 11. Make your own first draft (ages 8+). Your child writes, draws or plans before any AI help. Their first idea, however rough, is the seed of their own voice. AI can come later as a critic. 12. Say 'I'm not sure' out loud (ages All ages). When you don't know, say so, and show how you'd find out. Kids who see adults handle uncertainty calmly are less likely to accept any confident answer, from people or machines. ### 10 AI activities for preschoolers Do it together. Preschoolers don't need chatbots. They need the building blocks: sorting, noticing patterns, following and giving instructions, and telling living things from machines. These gentle activities are mostly unplugged, use toys and snacks, and take 10 to 15 minutes. A few use a screen with a parent in charge. Day of AI's new PreK lessons use the same ideas, like sorting natural and artificial objects. Keep it playful, keep it short, and follow your child's interest. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/ai-activities-for-preschoolers Good to know: Skip chatbots and AI companion toys at this age; voice toys can say inappropriate things and record at home. Keep screen activities short and always sit with your child. Use simple true words: computers guess, learn from examples, and can be wrong. Never upload photos of your child's face; drawings are fine. 1. Natural or made by people? (ages 3-5). Gather a leaf, a rock, a spoon and a toy car. Sort them into two piles: things from nature and things people made. Then find machines in the made pile. Day of AI uses this same idea for PreK. 2. Sort the toys (ages 3-5). Sort blocks by color, then by size, then by your child's own rule. Sorting by features is how computers classify pictures, and it builds early math too. 3. Robot, robot, may I? (ages 3-5). Your child is a robot who does only exactly what you say: two steps forward, arms up. Then they give you commands. Kids learn instructions need to be clear, a first coding idea. 4. What comes next? (ages 3-5). Make patterns with snacks or beads: apple, cracker, apple, cracker. Ask what comes next, then let your child stump you. Pattern spotting is the root of machine learning. 5. Feel and guess bag (ages 3-5). Guess objects by touch only. Talk about how robots use sensors, like cameras and microphones, to guess what's around them, and how they can be wrong. 6. Teach the teddy (ages 4-5). Show a teddy bear three pictures of dogs, then ask the teddy (you) to find the dog in a new picture. Get it wrong on purpose if the examples were all the same. Your child fixes it by showing more. 7. [Draw and guess with Quick, Draw!](https://quickdraw.withgoogle.com/) (Google Creative Lab, Free, ages 4-5 with a parent). A parent draws while your child shouts out the word the computer should guess. They cheer when it gets it and giggle when it doesn't. Short, joyful, and a first taste of a computer guessing. Watch for: Drawings may join Google's public dataset; keep sessions short. 8. [Make a drawing dance](https://sketch.metademolab.com/) (Meta FAIR Animated Drawings, Free, ages 3-5 with a parent). Your child draws a person or animal, you photograph it, and it comes to life dancing. They are the artist; the computer only adds motion. Watch for: Parent handles the upload and the consent choice. 9. [Sing with the blobs](https://artsandculture.google.com/experiment/blob-opera/AAHWrq360NcGbw) (Google Arts & Culture, Free, ages 3-5). Drag a colorful blob and hear it sing with the others. Pure play, with a simple talk afterward: the computer learned to sing by listening to real singers. 10. [Read Hello Ruby](https://www.helloruby.com/) (Linda Liukas, ages 4-7). Picture books and free activity sheets about a girl named Ruby who explores how computers work. Gentle, imaginative and screen-free, with activities you can print. ### 16 AI activities for teens (projects, courses and competitions) Do it together. Teens can go well past using AI to building with it, studying how it works and arguing about its impact. This list mixes real competitions, free courses and weekend builds, from the Congressional App Challenge to an AI olympiad. Your role shifts to sponsor and sounding board: help with sign-ups, deadlines and rides, then step back. Check each program's eligibility and dates, which change every year. A good fit matches your teen's interest, whether that's coding, art, science or justice. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/ai-activities-for-teens Good to know: Deadlines and rules change yearly; confirm on official pages before your teen starts. Many AI tools teens build with have 13+ or 18+ terms; check each one. Projects using other people's photos or data need consent. Watch for paid 'prep camps' and 'AI research programs' that charge high fees; the core competitions are free. Let your teen lead; parents sponsor, they build. 1. [Congressional App Challenge](https://www.congressionalappchallenge.us/) (Congressional App Challenge (U.S. House), Free, ages Middle and high school). Students build an app, many now using AI, and submit to their member of Congress. Winners are recognized in Washington. A real deadline and audience push teens to finish. Watch for: The 2026 deadline is Oct 26, 2026, at noon ET per most sources; your district must be participating. Plan for the 2027 cycle if you miss it. 2. [Presidential SI Challenge](https://www.si.gov/initiatives/presidential-challenge) (The White House, Free, ages K-12). The federal youth AI contest that ran as the Presidential AI Challenge in 2025-26 now appears as the Presidential SI Challenge. Teams use AI to tackle a community problem, with an adult sponsor. Watch for: The official page lists registration for the 2027 challenge open through Dec 18, 2026. Check rules on the official page. 3. [Technovation Girls](https://technovationchallenge.org/get-involved/students/) (Technovation, Free, ages 8-18). Teams of girls and gender-diverse youth build an app or AI solution for a community problem, with mentors and a free curriculum. Divisions go up to 16-18. Watch for: Competition eligibility is limited to girls and gender-diverse youth; the curriculum is open to all. Check the 2026-27 sign-up dates. 4. [AI4ALL summer programs](https://ai-4-all.org/) (AI4ALL, Varies, often free, ages High school (some college)). A nonprofit working to widen who builds AI, with partner university programs like Stanford AI4ALL for high schoolers. Strong for teens from groups underrepresented in tech. Watch for: Programs, costs and deadlines vary by partner; many apply in spring. 5. [USA AI Olympiad](https://www.usaaio.org/) (USAAIO, Check site, ages K-12 (mostly high school)). A competition with math, coding and machine learning problems that selects the U.S. team for international AI olympiads. Best for teens who already love math and Python. Watch for: Round 1 is usually held early in the year; confirm dates on the official site. 6. [International Olympiad in AI](https://ioai-official.org/) (IOAI, Selection through national teams, ages High school). The international stage for student AI competitors. Following it gives ambitious teens a goal and a look at what high-school AI work can look like. 7. [Coolest Projects online showcase](https://online.coolestprojects.org/) (Raspberry Pi Foundation, Free, ages Up to 18). Young creators worldwide share projects in categories including AI. No winners' pressure; it's a showcase with a global gallery. Over 15,000 took part in 2026. 8. [Build a phone app with your own image model](https://classifier.appinventor.mit.edu/) (MIT App Inventor, Free, ages 12+). Train a classifier in the browser and drop it into an App Inventor app, like a recycling sorter or a plant helper. A finished app makes a great entry for the contests above. 9. [Free course: Elements of AI](https://www.elementsofai.com/) (University of Helsinki and MinnaLearn, Free, ages 14+). Six self-paced chapters on what AI is, machine learning, neural networks and its impact, with exercises and a certificate. Parents and teens can take it side by side. 10. [Practical Deep Learning for Coders](https://course.fast.ai/) (fast.ai, Free, ages 15+ who code). A well-known free course that has learners training real models from the first lesson, then explains the theory later. For teens with some Python who want to go deep and build things that work. Watch for: Uses cloud notebooks that may need accounts; check each service's age terms. 11. [Experience AI lessons](https://experience-ai.org/en/units) (Raspberry Pi Foundation and Google DeepMind, Free, ages 11-16). Short units made with Google DeepMind researchers, including a 'Discovering AI' lesson for ages 14-16. Good structured learning for a curious teen at home, and designed for teachers with no AI background. 12. [Hiring-bias simulation and talk](https://www.survivalofthebestfit.com/) (Survival of the Best Fit, Free, ages 12+). Play a short game where your own hiring choices train a biased algorithm. Then discuss real cases. Great for teens drawn to fairness and justice. 13. [Explore how a language model picks words](https://poloclub.github.io/transformer-explainer/) (Georgia Tech Polo Club, Free, ages 13+). An interactive, in-browser language model that shows next-word probabilities and which words it pays attention to. Teens who use chatbots every day finally see the machinery, and it often changes how they use them. 14. [Hack Club](https://hackclub.com/) (Hack Club, Free, ages Teens 18 and under). A nonprofit network of teen coding clubs and online events where teens build and ship projects, AI included. Good for finding peers who build things. Watch for: Online community with chat; talk with your teen about safe online behavior. 15. [An AI science fair project](https://www.societyforscience.org/isef/) (Society for Science (Regeneron ISEF), Free through local fairs, ages High school). Teens can test a question with AI, like how well a model identifies local plants, and enter local fairs that feed into ISEF. Science-fair rules push for careful methods. Watch for: Projects with human data or photos need approval under fair rules. 16. [FIRST robotics teams](https://www.firstinspires.org/) (FIRST, Team fees vary, ages Grades 7-12 (FTC/FRC)). Robotics teams use sensors, computer vision and autonomous code under real deadline pressure. Teamwork, adult mentors and a full season of building make AI ideas concrete, and many teams welcome beginners. Watch for: Time commitment is big; team fees and travel can add up. ### Top 10 setups for a child who wants an AI to answer their questions Set it up. Your child keeps asking why the sky is blue, how volcanoes work and whether sharks sleep, and someone said "just ask the AI." This list runs from the simplest setup (your phone, your lap, together) to a kid account, a smart speaker, a kid-only chatbot and a robot. Good setups match your child's age to the product's terms, keep a grown-up close for younger kids, and turn off what you don't need. Watch for age rules (most big chatbots are 13+, Claude is 18+), always-on microphones, subscriptions, and the pull to treat a chatbot like a friend. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/top-10-ai-setups-for-kids-who-ask-questions Good to know: Check the age in each product's terms: ChatGPT, Gemini (own account), Copilot and Perplexity are 13+; Claude.ai is 18+ only. Parental controls on big chatbots don't show you the chats. Kid-specific apps like PinwheelAsk and Khanmigo do. Teach the house rule early: no full name, school, address or photos in any AI chat. AI answers can be wrong in a confident voice. Check one fact together every time. No chatbot is a friend or a counselor. If your child talks to one about feelings, talk to them. Smart speakers and robots have microphones. Keep them in shared rooms and know where the off switch is. 1. Ask together on a parent's phone or laptop (Any major chatbot on your own account, Free, ages 3-12 with a parent). The simplest and safest start. Your child asks out loud, you type or speak it into your own chatbot, and you read the answer together. You catch mistakes, skip anything odd, and model how to check facts. Watch for: Your account stores the chats. Turn off history or training if you don't want your child's questions saved. 2. [A shared kitchen or living-room laptop](https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/family-safety) (Your family computer plus Microsoft Family Safety, Family Link or Screen Time, Free controls, ages 7-12). One computer in a common room, signed in to a child account with filters on. Kids can ask questions while you are nearby, and the screen faces the room. It is the setup most digital-safety groups recommend first. Watch for: Signed-out browsers and guest modes skip your filters. Lock them down. 3. [Gemini on a supervised Google account (under 13)](https://support.google.com/gemini/answer/16109150) (Google, Free, ages Under 13 with a parent's Family Link). Google lets parents switch Gemini on for under-13 supervised accounts in Family Link. Kids get extra filters, Guided Learning for hints instead of answers, and Google tells kids it is a tool, not a person to confide in. Watch for: Not available for supervised accounts in the UK, EEA or Switzerland. Common Sense rated Gemini for kids high risk in Sept 2025. 4. [A smart speaker in kids mode](https://www.amazon.com/gp/help/customer/display.html?nodeId=G9VG5SWCQLED7MJS) (Amazon (Alexa) or Google (Nest), Amazon Kids is free; Kids+ from $7.99/mo for Prime members (Oct 2026), ages 3-10). Pre-readers can just ask out loud. Amazon Kids on Alexa and Google's supervised voice setup filter answers, block voice shopping and explicit music, and let you set bedtimes. Google opened Gemini for Home to supervised kids in March 2026. Watch for: An always-listening microphone in your home. Amazon ended the local-only voice option in March 2025, so recordings go to the cloud. 5. [A kid-only chatbot with a parent view](https://www.pinwheel.com/ask) (Pinwheel (PinwheelAsk, formerly PinwheelGPT), Free for 20 chats/month; $5.99/mo or $49.99/yr (Oct 2026), ages 7-12). Built for kids from the start. Answers are filtered, there are no images, videos or links, and parents can read what their child asked from an app or browser. A good middle step between asking together and a teen account. Watch for: Simple, copy-ready answers make homework copying easy. Talk about that up front. 6. [An AI tutor that asks questions back](https://khanmigo.ai/parents) (Khan Academy (Khanmigo), $4/mo or $44/yr for parents (Oct 2026), ages Grade school to high school). Khanmigo is built to guide instead of hand over answers, which suits the "why" kid who also has homework. Parents add children from their own account, can review past chats, and get moderation alerts. Watch for: It is a tutor first. Off-topic chatting is limited, which is the point. 7. [An iPad or iPhone with Apple Intelligence limits](https://support.apple.com/guide/iphone/iph3fed3f2c3/ios) (Apple, Free controls, ages 6-12). Screen Time lets you allow or block Apple Intelligence features and the ChatGPT extension in Siri. That means your child can use Siri for simple questions while you decide whether a third-party chatbot is in the loop. Watch for: Siri's ChatGPT extension sends questions to OpenAI when on. Keep it off for young kids. 8. [A robot friend with a parent app](https://miko.ai/products/miko-mini) (Miko (Miko Mini, Miko 3), ages 5-10). Kids talk to a small robot that answers questions, plays games and tells stories, with a parent app for time limits and a one-tap camera and mic off switch. Fun for kids who like a character more than a screen. Watch for: Needs Wi-Fi and a paid Miko Max plan for much of the content. Senators questioned Miko's data security in Feb 2026. 9. [A linked teen ChatGPT account (13+)](https://help.openai.com/en/articles/12315553-managing-parental-controls-in-chatgpt) (OpenAI, Free; paid plans optional, ages 13-17 with parental consent). For older kids. A parent links accounts, can reduce sensitive content, turn off memory, model training, voice and images, and set quiet hours. Since Aug 2026, under-18 users get the ChatGPT for Teens experience by default. Watch for: Common Sense Media rated ChatGPT for Teens "Unacceptable Risk" in Oct 2026. You can't read chats, and alerts were unreliable in testing. 10. [A local AI on a parent's computer (for tinkerers)](https://ollama.com/) (Ollama, Jan, GPT4All and others, Free software, ages 10+ with a parent). If you are technical, you can run an open model on your own computer so nothing leaves the house. It is a great way to show older kids how AI works. It is last on this list for a reason. Watch for: Local models have no safety filter by default. Never leave a young child alone with one. ### 8 kid-friendly AI chatbots and exactly how to set each up Set it up. Most famous chatbots were built for adults and later given a teen mode. A few were built for kids, and a couple of big ones now offer a supervised path for under-13s. This list covers the ones a parent can actually set up for a child in late 2026, with the steps and the honest catch for each. A good kid chatbot filters answers, avoids pretending to be a person, lets a parent see or steer what happens, and does not push kids to keep chatting. Watch for subscriptions, age limits in the terms, and apps that market "safe" without saying how. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/kid-friendly-ai-chatbots-how-to-set-up Good to know: Claude.ai is 18+ only, and Character.AI ended open-ended chat for under-18s in Nov 2025. Neither belongs on a kid's device. "Kid-safe" is a marketing claim. Test any chatbot yourself with a few hard questions first. Only some kid apps let parents read chats. Big chatbots show settings and alerts, not conversations. Watch for subscriptions that start after a free trial. Tell your child the chatbot is a tool, not a person, and that it can be wrong. 1. [PinwheelAsk (formerly PinwheelGPT)](https://www.pinwheel.com/ask) (Pinwheel, Free for 20 chats/month; $5.99/mo or $49.99/yr (Oct 2026), ages 7-12). Made for kids, with filtered answers and no images, videos or web links. It runs on any phone or tablet, not just Pinwheel phones, and parents can read their child's questions from an app or a browser. Watch for: Short, ready-made answers are easy to paste into homework. 2. [Khanmigo](https://khanmigo.ai/pricing) (Khan Academy, $4/mo or $44/yr (Oct 2026), ages Grade school to high school). A tutor-style chatbot that asks questions back instead of handing over answers. Parents add children from their own account, can review each child's past chats, and get moderation alerts if something concerning comes up. Watch for: Built for schoolwork; it can feel strict to kids who just want to chat. 3. [Gemini for supervised kids](https://support.google.com/gemini/answer/16109150) (Google, Free, ages Under 13 with Family Link). Google's main chatbot, with added filters for kids, no human-like claims, and Guided Learning for hints. A parent turns it on and gets an email when the child first uses it. Keep Activity is not available for under-13s. Watch for: Not offered in the UK, EEA or Switzerland. Common Sense rated it high risk for kids in Sept 2025. 4. [Explore with Alexa](https://www.amazon.com/gp/help/customer/display.html?nodeId=TGP0QGRmXh78KbB9vL) (Amazon, Needs Alexa+ and an Amazon Kids profile; Kids+ from $7.99/mo for Prime members (Oct 2026), ages Pre-readers to about 12). A voice chat mode for kids on Echo devices with Alexa+. Kids can ask follow-up questions out loud, which suits children who can't type yet. It runs only on a child profile with voice ID or a device in Kids mode. Watch for: Always-on microphone, and voice recordings go to Amazon's cloud. 5. [Gemini for Home on Nest speakers](https://support.google.com/googlehome/answer/9159927) (Google, Free with a Nest speaker or display, ages Under 13 with a supervised account). Since March 2026, kids with supervised Google accounts can use Gemini for Home on Nest speakers and displays for spelling help, jokes and questions. Parents set downtime and filters in the Google Home app. Watch for: Parental controls in the Home app are US and English only. Keep the speaker in a shared room. 6. [Miko robot](https://miko.ai/pages/safety) (Miko, ages 5-10). A chatbot in a robot body, tuned for ages 5-10. Kids ask questions by saying "Hey Miko," and parents get time limits, bedtime mode, usage reports and a one-tap camera and mic off switch. Watch for: Much content needs a Miko Max plan. Senators raised data security questions in Feb 2026; Miko denies a breach. 7. [Microsoft Copilot (teen accounts, 13+)](https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-copilot/microsoft-copilot-young-people) (Microsoft, Free, ages 13-17). Copilot is 13+, and teen accounts get no personalized ads or results, and their chats aren't used for training. Parents can block it or limit features like image making, voice and AI companions through Family Safety or device settings. Watch for: Not for under-13s. Ads based on the current question can still appear. 8. [ChatGPT for Teens (13+)](https://openai.com/blog/chatgpt-for-teens) (OpenAI, Free; paid plans optional, ages 13-17 with parental consent). Since Aug 2026, users under 18 get a teen experience with tighter content rules, Study Mode and homework reminders. Linking a parent account adds quiet hours, memory and training switches, and safety alerts. Watch for: Common Sense Media rated it "Unacceptable Risk" in Oct 2026; OpenAI disputes the findings. Parents can't read chats. ### Parental controls for 12 AI chatbots, step by step Set it up. Every big AI company now says it has something for parents, but the controls are very different. Some let you read your child's chats, most show only settings and alerts, and a few have nothing beyond an age line in the terms. This list goes product by product: who is allowed in, what you can switch on or off, and how to find it. Use it to decide which chatbot your child may use, then set it up together. Watch for products whose terms say 13+ but never check, and for alerts that may not fire when they should. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/ai-chatbot-parental-controls-step-by-step Good to know: No major chatbot lets a parent read a teen's full chats. Kid apps like PinwheelAsk and Khanmigo are the exception. Safety alerts can miss real crises. If you're worried, talk to your child and call or text 988 in the US. Age limits in the terms are often self-reported. Set up the account with your child's real birth date. Device controls (Screen Time, Family Link, Family Safety) are your backstop for every app on this list. Recheck settings after big app updates; new features can arrive switched on. 1. [ChatGPT parental controls](https://help.openai.com/en/articles/12315553-managing-parental-controls-in-chatgpt) (OpenAI, ages 13-17 with parental consent). A parent links to a teen's account and can reduce sensitive content, turn off memory, model training, voice and image making, set quiet hours and Study Hours, and get safety notifications. Linking does not show you your teen's chats. Watch for: Common Sense found alerts and teen detection unreliable in Oct 2026 tests. Pair it with regular check-ins. 2. [Gemini for under-13s (Family Link)](https://support.google.com/gemini/answer/16109150) (Google, ages Under 13 on a supervised account). You decide whether your child can use Gemini at all. When it's on, Google adds filters for minors, blocks the bot from claiming feelings, and turns off Keep Activity. You get an email the first time your child opens it. Watch for: Not available in the UK, EEA or Switzerland. Filters are not perfect, Google says. 3. [Gemini for teens (13-17)](https://www.commonsensemedia.org/press-releases/googles-gemini-platforms-for-kids-and-teens-pose-risks-despite-added-filters-common-sense-media-reports) (Google, ages 13-17). Teens on their own Google accounts get Gemini with teen protections, and school accounts depend on the school admin. If your teen is still supervised in Family Link, you can manage apps and screen time there. Watch for: Common Sense rated the teen version high risk in Sept 2025, calling it the adult product with extra filters. 4. [Microsoft Copilot](https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-copilot/microsoft-copilot-young-people) (Microsoft, ages 13+ (higher in some countries)). Teens 13-17 get no personalized ads or results, and their chats aren't used for training. Parents can block the app or website, set time limits, and choose features like image making, voice, group chat or AI companions. Watch for: Some controls need your teen in your Microsoft family group. Group chats can show your teen's messages to others. 5. [Meta AI (Instagram, Facebook, Messenger, WhatsApp)](https://about.fb.com/news/2026/04/helping-parents-understand-conversations-their-teens-are-having-with-ai/) (Meta, ages 13+ Teen Accounts). Since April 2026, parents who supervise a Teen Account see an Insights tab with the topics their teen raised with Meta AI in the past week. Meta also paused teens' access to its AI characters in January 2026 while it rebuilds them. Watch for: Topics only, no transcripts. Self-harm alerts were still in development when announced. 6. [Snapchat My AI](https://techcrunch.com/2024/01/11/snapchat-lets-parents-restrict-their-teens-using-apps-my-ai-chatbot-view-their-privacy-settings/) (Snap, ages 13-17 in Family Center). My AI is built into Snapchat's chat. In Family Center, a parent can stop My AI from replying to their teen. Family Center also shows who your teen talks to and their privacy settings. Watch for: Your teen must accept the Family Center invite. Turning My AI off is the only AI control. 7. [Apple Intelligence and Siri's ChatGPT extension](https://support.apple.com/guide/iphone/iph3fed3f2c3/ios) (Apple, ages Set by parent). Screen Time can allow or block Apple Intelligence features and the ChatGPT extension that lets Siri hand questions to OpenAI. This is the main switch for AI on a child's iPhone or iPad. Watch for: Other AI apps your child installs are separate. Use app limits and Ask to Buy for those. 8. [Alexa+ and Amazon Kids](https://www.amazon.com/gp/help/customer/display.html?nodeId=GURF576XXFDFZL95) (Amazon, ages Kids profiles). The Parent Dashboard sets daily time limits, approved contacts, content, and shows what your child asked Alexa. Kids mode blocks voice shopping and explicit music by default, and Alexa+ adds extra moderation for child profiles. Watch for: Voice purchasing on the adult profile can still be used by a child. Turn it off or add a PIN. 9. [Character.AI](https://blog.character.ai/u18-chat-announcement/) (Character.AI, ages Open-ended chat 18+ only). After lawsuits, Character.AI ended open-ended chat for under-18s from November 24, 2025 and offers a guided Stories mode instead, with age checks. That makes it a rare case where the honest parental control is "not this app." Watch for: Age checks can be dodged. If your child uses it, talk about what they miss and why it changed. 10. [Claude](https://support.claude.com/en/articles/13117299-minimum-age-requirement-access-restriction) (Anthropic, ages 18+ only). Anthropic requires every Claude.ai user to be 18 or older and uses app store age signals in some US states to block under-18s. There are no teen settings because teens are not allowed. Watch for: A parent's account is not for a child to use on their own. 11. [Perplexity](https://www.perplexity.ai/hub/legal/terms-of-service) (Perplexity, ages 13+; under 18 needs a parent to accept the terms). An AI search tool that cites sources, which teens like for research. The terms bar under-13s and require a parent to accept for teens, but we found no built-in parental controls, so device controls do the work. Watch for: App store age ratings may not match the terms. Check sources it cites before trusting them. 12. [Grok](https://institute.commonsensemedia.org/sites/default/files/ra-grok/csm-ai-risk-assessment-grok-01222026.pdf) (xAI, ages 13+ with parental permission for 13-17). Included so you know what to look for on your child's phone or in X. xAI's terms allow teens with permission and offer a Kids Mode, but Common Sense's Jan 2026 test found explicit content and harmful advice even in Kids Mode. Watch for: Age is self-reported and not checked on the website. We don't recommend it for kids. ### 8 smart speaker and voice assistant setups for kids (pre-readers especially) Set it up. For a four-year-old who can't type, a voice assistant is the most natural way to ask a question. In 2026, Alexa+ and Gemini for Home made those assistants far chattier, which is both the fun and the worry. This list shows how to set up the main options so a pre-reader can ask freely while you control bedtime, purchases, explicit content and who they can call. The catch with every speaker is the microphone: it waits for a wake word, and what it hears after goes to the cloud. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/smart-speaker-voice-assistant-setups-for-kids Good to know: Speakers wait for a wake word, then send audio to the cloud. Amazon ended its local-only voice option in March 2025. Keep speakers out of bedrooms so late-night chats don't replace sleep. Set recordings to auto-delete and check the history now and then. Voice ID can be fooled. Turn off purchases on every profile. Kids+ and Alexa+ have trials and renewals. Note the date. 1. [Amazon Kids on an Echo](https://www.amazon.com/gp/help/customer/display.html?nodeId=G9VG5SWCQLED7MJS) (Amazon, Free; Kids+ from $7.99/mo for Prime members (Oct 2026), ages 3-12). Turns any Echo into a kid device with kid-friendly answers, jokes, games, approved calling and explicit-music filtering. Voice shopping is off in Kids mode, and parents can see what their child asked. Watch for: Voice recordings go to Amazon's cloud. Set them to auto-delete. 2. [A child voice ID on a shared Echo](https://www.amazon.com/gp/help/customer/display.html?nodeId=G3UFSS8YLN4P59KD) (Amazon, ages 3-12). On a family Echo, a voice ID lets Alexa recognize your child and switch to the kids experience automatically, while adults keep full Alexa. Good for kitchens where everyone talks to the same speaker. Watch for: Voice recognition can mix up siblings or similar voices. Test it. 3. [Explore with Alexa (Alexa+)](https://www.amazon.com/gp/help/customer/display.html?nodeId=TGP0QGRmXh78KbB9vL) (Amazon, Requires Alexa+ and a Kids profile (Oct 2026), ages 5-12). A back-and-forth voice chat for curious kids on Alexa+, with extra child moderation. Kids can follow up on a question the way they would with a patient adult. It runs only on a kid profile or a device in Kids mode. Watch for: Long chats can replace asking people. Set a daily time limit. 4. [Echo Dot Kids or Echo Show Kids](https://www.amazon.com/kids) (Amazon, ages 3-12). Kid versions of Echo speakers and displays come with a year of Amazon Kids+ and kid settings on from the start. The Show adds a screen for read-alongs and video calls with approved contacts. Watch for: After the included year, Kids+ renews as a paid plan unless you cancel. 5. [Google Nest speaker for a supervised child](https://support.google.com/googlehome/answer/9159927) (Google, Free with a Nest device, ages Under 13). Link your child's supervised Google account and Voice Match, then use the Google Home app to block news or podcasts, filter explicit music and video, and schedule downtime. Each child can get different rules. Watch for: These parental controls are US and English only. Casting YouTube isn't available for supervised accounts. 6. [Gemini for Home for kids](https://www.thurrott.com/a-i/334400/google-gemini-for-home-adds-spanish-support-and-launches-in-mexico) (Google, Free with a Nest device, ages Under 13 with a supervised account). Google opened Gemini for Home to kids with supervised accounts on March 31, 2026, pitching help with spelling homework and quick jokes. It makes the Nest speaker much more conversational than the old Assistant. Watch for: Smarter answers mean a wider range of answers. Ask a few test questions yourself first. 7. [Siri on a child's iPad with Screen Time](https://support.apple.com/guide/iphone/iph3fed3f2c3/ios) (Apple, ages 4-12). Siri can answer simple questions out loud, and Screen Time lets you block explicit language, web content and the ChatGPT extension. Handy for kids who already use an iPad. Watch for: With the ChatGPT extension allowed, some questions go to OpenAI. 8. [Turn off voice purchasing everywhere](https://www.tomsguide.com/ai/my-kids-bought-extreme-fart-extension-for-alexa-heres-how-to-quickly-set-up-parental-controls-and-stop-voice-purchases) (Any Echo or Nest, ages All). Kids discover voice shopping fast, and Alexa+ can buy add-ons from the Skills Store. One parent wrote up how their kids bought an "Extreme Fart Extension." Turning off purchases or adding a code takes a minute. Watch for: Purchase settings sit on the adult account, so kids mode alone may not cover every device. ### The family AI station: 9 steps to a shared AI setup in a common room Set it up. A family AI station is one device, in one shared room, that everyone uses to ask AI questions. It can be an old laptop on the kitchen counter, a tablet on a stand, or a smart display. The idea is simple: questions happen where grown-ups can see and join in, and the rules live on one device instead of five. It works well for kids from about 6 to 12 and makes a good on-ramp before a teen gets their own account. Watch for signed-in adult accounts, saved chat history you didn't mean to keep, and microphones in the room. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/family-ai-station-shared-setup Good to know: A shared adult login bypasses every child protection. Use child accounts. If the station is a smart display, it has a camera and microphone. Use the shutter when not in use. Kids learn workarounds fast; check for new browsers or apps now and then. A station is a starting point. Older kids will need their own guarded setup. 1. [Pick the device and the spot](https://www.commonsensemedia.org/articles/parents-ultimate-guide-to-parental-controls) (You). An old laptop, a tablet on a stand or a smart display all work. Put it in the kitchen or living room with the screen facing the room, never in a bedroom. Visible screens are the single most useful rule. 2. [Make a child account, not a shared adult login](https://support.google.com/families/answer/7101025) (Google, Microsoft or Apple). A child account lets filters, time limits and age rules apply. Logging kids into a parent's account skips every protection and saves their chats under your name. Watch for: Each child should have their own profile if they'll use it alone. 3. [Turn on web and search filters](https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/family-safety/filter-websites-and-searches-using-microsoft-family-safety) (Microsoft Family Safety, Family Link, Screen Time). Filters block adult sites and make SafeSearch stick. On Windows, Microsoft Family Safety filters Edge and blocks other browsers; on Chromebooks and Android, Family Link handles Chrome. Watch for: Filters miss things, and other browsers may skip them. Block extra browsers. 4. [Choose one chatbot and pin it](https://support.google.com/gemini/answer/16109150) (Your pick). Pick one chatbot that fits your youngest regular user, such as Gemini on a supervised account or a kid app like PinwheelAsk. Pin it to the taskbar or home screen so kids don't go hunting for others. Watch for: Check the age rule first: most big chatbots are 13+, Claude is 18+. 5. [Switch off what you don't need](https://help.openai.com/en/articles/7730893-data-controls-faq) (Each chatbot's settings). Turn off model training, memory, image making and voice if your family doesn't need them. Fewer features means fewer surprises and less data kept about your kids. 6. Write three house rules on a card (Your family). Tape a card by the screen: no names, school or address; check one fact every time; tell a grown-up if an answer feels weird. Short rules kids can read work better than long talks. 7. [Set station hours](https://support.apple.com/en-us/108806) (Screen Time, Family Link or Family Safety). Give the station opening hours, like after homework and before dinner. Downtime settings make it go quiet at night, so AI chats don't run into bedtime. 8. Start a family question log (Your family). Keep a notebook or shared note where kids write the best question they asked and what they learned. It turns AI chats into conversation at dinner and shows you what they are curious about. 9. [Review together once a week](https://support.google.com/gemini/answer/13278892) (You and your kids). Spend five minutes looking at recent chats or activity with your kids, not behind their backs. Talk about a great answer, a wrong one, and anything that felt off. Watch for: If you turned history off, ask your kids to show you instead. ### 9 tablet and phone setups for kids in the AI era Set it up. AI is now built into the phone itself: Gemini replaced Google Assistant on Android phones starting in September 2026, and Apple Intelligence and Siri sit inside iPhones and iPads. That means setting up a child's device is also setting up their AI. This list covers the main platforms (iPad and iPhone Screen Time, Android Family Link, Amazon Kids on Fire tablets) and the kids' phones that leave out browsers and app stores. Watch for AI features that arrive switched on after an update, subscriptions bundled with kids' devices, and controls a child can turn off by signing out. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/tablet-and-phone-ai-setups-for-kids Good to know: Phone updates can switch on new AI features. Recheck settings after each big update. Gemini replaced Google Assistant on Android phones starting Sept 4, 2026; look again at Family Link's Gemini switch. Kids' devices often include a year of a subscription that then renews. Monitoring that scans messages works best when your child knows about it. Teens can sometimes end supervision themselves. The talk matters more than the toggle. 1. [iPad or iPhone with Screen Time](https://support.apple.com/en-us/105121) (Apple, Free, ages 4-17). Set up a child account through Family Sharing, then use Screen Time for app limits, content filters, Ask to Buy and downtime. Content & Privacy Restrictions now include a section for Apple Intelligence and Siri, including the ChatGPT extension. Watch for: Set a Screen Time passcode your child doesn't know. 2. [Android phone or tablet with Family Link](https://families.google/familylink/) (Google, Free, ages Under 13, and teens who agree). Family Link sets app approvals, screen time, Chrome filters and SafeSearch, and it is where you switch Gemini on or off for a child. With Gemini replacing Assistant on Android, this is your main AI switch. Watch for: Teens 13+ can choose to stop supervision in many countries. Keep talking. 3. [Chromebook with a supervised account](https://support.google.com/families/answer/7087030) (Google, Free, ages 6-17). On a Chromebook, Family Link controls Chrome directly: allow all sites, try to block explicit sites, or allow only approved sites. Incognito is off for supervised accounts. Watch for: On iPhone and iPad, a child can sign out of Chrome and skip these settings. 4. [Amazon Fire Kids tablet with Amazon Kids+](https://www.aboutamazon.com/news/devices/what-is-amazon-kids-plus-subscription) (Amazon, Kids+ from $7.99/mo for Prime members, $8.99 otherwise (Oct 2026), ages 3-12). Kids tablets come with a case, a year of Kids+ and a walled garden of books, videos and apps. The Parent Dashboard sets time limits, approves content and shows activity, and Alexa+ features like Stories with Alexa can be added. Watch for: Kids+ renews after the first year. Some AI features need Alexa+. 5. [Gabb phone or watch](https://gabb.com/) (Gabb, Gabb Phone 4 about $250; plans from about $13/mo (Oct 2026), ages Watch 5-12; Phone 9-14). Gabb devices ship with no web browser, no social media and no open app store, so there is no route to a chatbot unless you add one. A good first phone for a child who isn't ready for AI on their own. Watch for: Needs a Gabb service plan and activation fee. 6. [Pinwheel phone](https://www.pinwheel.com/) (Pinwheel). A kids' smartphone with no web browser or social media by default, schedules that make it act like a basic phone at school, and the PinwheelAsk kid chatbot available with a parent view. Watch for: Check the monthly cost of the plan you need on Pinwheel's site. 7. [Troomi phone](https://troomi.com/) (Troomi, Plans from $24.95/mo plus phone from $6.94/mo (Oct 2026)). A kid-safe Android phone with a filtered Troomi browser, contact safelisting, screen time controls and AI that flags messages about bullying, self-harm or predators and alerts parents. Watch for: Scanning texts is a privacy trade-off; tell your child it's on. 8. [Bark Phone](https://www.bark.us/bark-phone/) (Bark, Plans from $29/mo plus device from $15/mo for 24 months (Oct 2026)). An Android phone with Bark's controls built in and hard to remove. Parents set rules for apps, browsers and social media, and Bark scans texts and online activity for concerning content. Watch for: The device payment runs 24 months. Monitoring should be known to your child. 9. [A hand-me-down phone made kid-ready](https://www.qustodio.com/en/) (Your old phone plus Screen Time, Family Link or an app like Qustodio, Free built-in controls; third-party apps vary, ages 8-17). An old phone reset as a child device can work as well as a kids' phone. Wipe it, set it up with a child account, and add the platform's own controls; a paid app can add reports across devices. Watch for: Old phones may stop getting security updates. Check before you hand it down. ### 10 AI privacy settings to change on day one Set it up. The day your family starts using an AI chatbot, speaker or robot, a few settings decide how much of your child's life gets stored, remembered or used to train the next model. Most are on by default. None take more than a couple of minutes to change, and you can do them together so your child learns why. This list covers chat history, training opt-outs, memory, voice recordings and cameras across the products families use most. Watch for settings that turn off features you like, and for data that stays on company servers for a while even after you delete it. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/ai-privacy-settings-to-change-day-one Good to know: Deleting history doesn't always delete everything; companies keep some data for safety or legal reasons. Settings are per account. Repeat them on each child's account and on yours if kids use it. App updates can add new data features. Recheck every few months. Teach kids the simplest privacy rule: no full name, school, address, photos or passwords in any chat. 1. [Set your child's real age](https://openai.com/index/our-approach-to-age-prediction/) (Every AI account). Teen and kid protections only switch on when the account knows the user is young. ChatGPT now also estimates age from how an account is used and defaults to the teen experience when unsure. A fake birthday undoes all of that. 2. [ChatGPT: stop chats training the model](https://help.openai.com/en/articles/7730893-data-controls-faq) (OpenAI). "Improve the model for everyone" lets OpenAI use your chats for training. Turning it off keeps chats in your history but out of training. For linked teens, parents can turn it off from parental controls. 3. [ChatGPT: turn off memory](https://openai.com/blog/memory-and-new-controls-for-chatgpt) (OpenAI). Memory lets ChatGPT keep details from past chats, like a child's name, school or worries. That makes it feel more like a friend, which is exactly what younger users don't need. Memory and training are separate switches. Watch for: Turning off memory does not opt you out of training. Do both. 4. [ChatGPT: use Temporary Chat for one-offs](https://help.openai.com/en/articles/8914046-temporary-chat-in-chatgpt) (OpenAI). A temporary chat stays out of history, creates no memories and isn't used for training. It's a good default for a quick question your child asks on your account. Watch for: OpenAI may still keep a copy for a short time for safety. 5. [Gemini: turn off Keep Activity or shorten it](https://support.google.com/gemini/answer/13278892) (Google). Keep Activity (once called Gemini Apps Activity) saves chats to the account. Turn it off, or choose an auto-delete period. For under-13 supervised accounts, Keep Activity isn't available at all. Watch for: Google still holds chats for up to 72 hours after you turn it off, and some connected features stop working. 6. [Google: check voice and web activity](https://myaccount.google.com/activitycontrols) (Google). Nest speakers and Android voice requests can save audio and activity to the Google account. Your activity controls page shows what is saved and lets you pause it or set auto-delete for your child's account and yours. 7. [Alexa: auto-delete voice recordings](https://www.amazon.com/gp/help/customer/display.html?nodeId=G68KUKTXN92WY3C3) (Amazon). Since March 2025 every Echo request goes to Amazon's cloud. You can still have recordings and transcripts deleted automatically, or choose not to save them at all. Watch for: Choosing not to save recordings turns off Voice ID and some Alexa+ features. 8. [Alexa: review and delete history](https://www.amazon.com/gp/help/customer/display.html?nodeId=GHXNJNLTRWCTBBGW) (Amazon). Your Alexa history shows every request, including your child's. Look through it once to see what gets asked and kept, then clear it. It's also a gentle way to learn what your kids are curious about. 9. [Siri: keep the ChatGPT extension off for kids](https://support.apple.com/guide/iphone/iph3fed3f2c3/ios) (Apple). When the extension is on, Siri can pass some questions to OpenAI. Screen Time lets you block it on a child's device, so questions stay with Apple's own features. 10. [Cameras and mics on robots and displays](https://miko.ai/pages/safety) (Miko, Amazon, Google and others). Kid robots and smart displays often have cameras. Miko lets parents disable the camera or mic with one tap, and many smart displays have a physical shutter. If a feature doesn't need the camera, close it. ### 10 ways to set up AI for a teen (more freedom, with guardrails) Set it up. Teens 13 to 17 can legally use most big chatbots with a parent's consent, and many already do for homework, coding, writing and questions they won't ask you. The goal now is less lockdown and more coaching: their own accounts, set up honestly, with a few switches and a few agreements. This list mixes product settings with family habits. Be clear-eyed: in Oct 2026, Common Sense Media rated ChatGPT for Teens "Unacceptable Risk" and earlier rated Gemini's teen version high risk, mainly over crisis responses and emotional attachment. Settings help, but talking helps more. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/ai-setup-for-teens-freedom-with-guardrails Good to know: Common Sense Media rated ChatGPT for Teens "Unacceptable Risk" (Oct 2026) and Gemini's teen version high risk (Sept 2025). Parental controls on big chatbots don't show you the chats. Keep talking. Claude.ai is 18+ only. Teens shouldn't use a parent's account. Watch for heavy late-night use or a chatbot treated as a confidant. Teens often know workarounds. Trust plus a few firm rules beats many soft ones. 1. [A linked ChatGPT for Teens account](https://help.openai.com/en/articles/12315553-managing-parental-controls-in-chatgpt) (OpenAI, ages 13-17 with parental consent). Teens get tighter rules on self-harm, sexual content and risky topics by default. Linking adds quiet hours, memory and training switches, and safety notifications, without you reading their chats, which many teens accept more easily. Watch for: Common Sense found parent alerts unreliable in Oct 2026 tests; OpenAI disputes this. Don't treat alerts as a safety net. 2. [Study Mode and Study Hours for homework](https://openai.com/blog/chatgpt-for-teens) (OpenAI, ages 13-17). Study Mode guides with questions instead of answers, and Study Hours makes it the default during homework time. It nudges toward learning without banning the tool. Watch for: Testers found a "Show me the answer" option and easy workarounds. Ask your teen to explain their work. 3. [Gemini with teen protections and Guided Learning](https://www.commonsensemedia.org/press-releases/googles-gemini-platforms-for-kids-and-teens-pose-risks-despite-added-filters-common-sense-media-reports) (Google, ages 13-17). Teen Google accounts get Gemini with extra filters, and Guided Learning walks through problems step by step. School accounts are managed by the school. Common Sense says teens can use chatbots alone for schoolwork and creative projects, not for emotional support. Watch for: Rated high risk by Common Sense in Sept 2025, mainly for mental health answers. 4. [Copilot with Family Safety limits](https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-copilot/microsoft-copilot-young-people) (Microsoft, ages 13+). Teen accounts get no personalized ads or results, and chats aren't used for training. Through Family Safety you can switch off image making, voice, group chat or AI companions and keep the rest. 5. [Khanmigo as the homework default](https://khanmigo.ai/learners) (Khan Academy, $4/mo or $44/yr (Oct 2026), ages Middle and high school). A tutor built not to do the work for them, with parent access to chat history and moderation alerts. A good "use this first" tool for math and writing help. 6. [Perplexity for research with sources](https://www.perplexity.ai/hub/legal/terms-of-service) (Perplexity, ages 13+; a parent accepts the terms for under-18s). Answers come with linked sources, which builds the habit of checking. Good for research papers and current events, as long as your teen clicks through. Watch for: No built-in parental controls that we found. Sources can be weak. 7. [Meta AI supervision insights](https://about.fb.com/news/2026/04/helping-parents-understand-conversations-their-teens-are-having-with-ai/) (Meta, ages 13-17 Teen Accounts). If your teen uses Instagram, Facebook or Messenger, supervision now shows the topics they raised with Meta AI in the past week. Meta also paused teens' access to its AI characters in Jan 2026. Watch for: Topics only, no transcripts. Use it to open conversations, not to police. 8. [Snapchat Family Center with My AI off (or on, by agreement)](https://parents.snapchat.com/family-center?lang=en-US) (Snap, ages 13-17). Family Center lets you see who your teen talks to and stop My AI from replying. Some families leave it on and talk about it; the choice is yours. 9. [No AI companion apps](https://blog.character.ai/u18-chat-announcement/) (Family rule, ages Under 18). Character.AI ended open-ended chat for under-18s in Nov 2025 after lawsuits, and Meta paused teen access to AI characters. Common Sense recommends no AI companions for anyone under 18. Make it a clear house rule. 10. [A written family AI agreement](https://www.commonsensemedia.org/articles/chatgpt-claims-to-have-a-safety-net-for-teens-we-watched-it-fail) (Your family, ages 13-17). One page you both sign: what AI is for (homework help, coding, ideas), what it isn't (friend, therapist, cheating), devices out of bedrooms at night, and who to talk to when something feels off. Watch for: In a crisis, call or text 988 in the US. No chatbot replaces a person. ### 8 on-device and offline AI options for families (and the skill each needs) Set it up. Running AI on your own device means your child's questions never leave the house. It also means nobody else is filtering the answers. Open models you download usually come with no parental controls and only light safety tuning, so they can say things a commercial kids' product would block. This list is for curious parents who are comfortable installing software and want to explore AI with an older child, or keep a private assistant for themselves. Each item says how much technical skill it takes. None of these are set-and-forget tools for a young child alone. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/on-device-and-offline-ai-options Good to know: Local models have no safety filter by default and no parental controls. Test them yourself first. Use local AI together with your child, on a parent's account, not alone. Download models only from official sources; model files from strangers can carry risks. Small local models are wrong more often than big online ones. Check facts. Bigger models need a lot of memory and storage. Start small. 1. [Apple Intelligence on-device features](https://www.apple.com/apple-intelligence/) (Apple, Free on supported devices, ages Set by parent). Skill: none. Many Apple Intelligence features run on the device, and bigger requests go to Apple's Private Cloud Compute, which Apple says doesn't make your data accessible to Apple. Screen Time controls which features a child can use. Watch for: Needs a recent iPhone, iPad or Mac. Not every request stays on the device. 2. [Google AI Edge Gallery](https://github.com/google-ai-edge/gallery) (Google, Free, ages 12+ with a parent). Skill: low. A free app for Android and iPhone that downloads small open models, like Google's Gemma family, and runs them fully offline. A neat way to show a teen that AI can live on a phone. Watch for: No parental controls and no extra safety filter. Treat it as a demo, not a kid assistant. 3. [GPT4All](https://www.nomic.ai/gpt4all) (Nomic, Free, ages 12+ with a parent). Skill: low to medium. A desktop chat app for Windows, macOS and Ubuntu that runs open models locally and can chat with your own documents (LocalDocs). It looks like a normal chatbot, so it is easy to demo. Watch for: The model you pick decides what it will say. Test before sharing. 4. [Jan](https://www.jan.ai/) (Jan (open source), Free, ages 12+ with a parent). Skill: low to medium. An open-source desktop app that runs open models on your computer and can also plug in online models. Handy for showing older kids the difference between local and cloud AI. Watch for: Connecting online models sends chats off your device again. Check which one is selected. 5. [Ollama](https://ollama.com/) (Ollama, Free; optional cloud plans, ages Parents and teens). Skill: medium. The most popular way to download and run open models on a Mac, Windows or Linux computer. Teens learning to code can build their own small apps on top of it. Watch for: It now offers cloud models too. Pick local models if privacy is the goal. 6. [LM Studio](https://lmstudio.ai/) (Element Labs, Free app, ages Parents and older teens). Skill: medium. A polished desktop app for downloading local models. Its 2026 version centers on an agent called Bionic that can edit documents and control the computer, which is powerful for adults and too much for kids. Watch for: Agents that can control your computer don't belong on a child's account. 7. [llamafile](https://github.com/mozilla-ai/llamafile) (Mozilla.ai, Free, ages Teens learning to code). Skill: medium to high. Packs a model and the program to run it into a single file you can open on most computers. A good science-fair or coding-club project for a teen who wants to see how the pieces fit. Watch for: Download only from the official project page. Unknown model files can be unsafe. 8. [Built-in AI in Chrome (for builders)](https://developer.chrome.com/docs/ai/built-in) (Google, Free, ages Teens learning web coding). Skill: high. Chrome can run a small Gemini Nano model on the device, and developers can call it from a web page. For a teen who codes, it's a way to build a private AI feature without servers. Watch for: This is a developer tool, not a chatbot for kids. ### 7 AI robot and companion setups: what they need and what they record Set it up. A robot that answers your child's questions can be magical. It also has a microphone, often a camera, a Wi-Fi connection and an account behind it, and sometimes a monthly plan. This list explains, robot by robot, what each one needs to set up and what it records, so you can decide before the box is open. A good setup keeps the robot in a shared room, turns off the camera when it isn't needed, and checks the parent app. And remember that robots can disappear: Moxie, the companion robot from Embodied, stopped working when the company shut down in Dec 2024. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/ai-robot-and-companion-setups Good to know: Moxie by Embodied shut down in Dec 2024, and the robots lost most features. Cloud robots can stop working if the company does. Most AI robots need Wi-Fi, an app and an account, and many need a monthly plan for full features. Cameras and mics plus a cloud connection mean data leaves your home. Turn off what you don't use. Keep robots in shared rooms and teach kids the robot isn't a secret-keeper. Check the age range in the product's terms, not just the box. 1. [Miko 3](https://miko.ai/products/miko-3) (Miko, ages 5-10). Needs: Wi-Fi, the Miko app, a parent account, and Miko Max for much of the content. Records: an HD camera and microphones; Miko says no identifiable voice recordings are stored and it is kidSAFE+ COPPA certified. Watch for: In Feb 2026 senators said robot replies to kids were reachable online; Miko denied a breach. 2. [Miko Mini](https://miko.ai/products/miko-mini) (Miko, ages 5-10). Needs: Wi-Fi, the Miko Parent App and Miko App, and an account; it includes a 6-month Miko Max plan. Records: camera and microphone array, with an on-demand camera shutter and one-tap mic and camera off. Watch for: After six months, Max renews as a paid plan unless you cancel. 3. [EMO desktop robot](https://living.ai/emo/) (LivingAI, ages Check the maker's guidance). Needs: the EMO app for games and recorded moments, and internet for answers like the weather. Records: an HD camera with face recognition that remembers family members, and a four-microphone array. The maker says it processes images and sound continuously. Watch for: No age guidance on the product page. Read the privacy policy before it goes in a kid's room. 4. [Eilik](https://store.energizelab.com/products/eilik) (Energize Lab, About $140 (Oct 2026), ages Check the maker's guidance). Needs: a USB-C charger; the maker says Eilik works without Wi-Fi or internet. That makes it a low-data pick for kids who want a desk pet with expressions and touch reactions rather than a chatbot. Watch for: An optional AI Station accessory adds generative AI features. Check what it connects to before adding it. 5. [Loona robot](https://keyirobot.com/) (KEYi Tech, ages Check the maker's guidance). Needs: the Loona app, Wi-Fi and an account. Records: a camera used for face tracking, plus microphones. A roaming pet robot kids love to chase; the newer Deskmate uses a parent's iPhone as its brain and face. Watch for: A camera that moves around the house. Know where it can go and what it can see. 6. [Echo Show Kids as a talking companion](https://www.aboutamazon.com/news/devices/discover-entertainment-and-education-parents-can-trust-with-alexa) (Amazon, ages 3-12). Needs: Wi-Fi, the Alexa app and an Amazon account; comes with a year of Kids+. Records: voice requests go to Amazon's cloud, and the screen has a camera for approved video calls. Parents can see what kids asked. Watch for: Kids+ renews after the first year. Close the camera shutter when not calling. 7. [AI plush toys and chatbot toys](https://www.nbcwashington.com/news/national-international/ai-toy-maker-exposed-replies-kids-senators-say/4059838/) (Curio, FoloToy and others, ages Check each toy). Needs: usually Wi-Fi and a phone app, often a cloud chatbot underneath. Records: microphones, and sometimes chat logs. In 2026, senators sent letters to Miko, FoloToy and Curio about how they protect kids' data. Watch for: Test any talking toy yourself for odd or adult answers before your child plays. ### 10 browser setups for kids: kid browsers, safe search, extensions and kid modes Set it up. Most kids meet AI through a browser: search results that now start with an AI summary, chatbot websites, and videos. A good browser setup filters adult content, locks safe search on, cuts ads, and keeps a short list of approved sites, including any chatbot you allow. This list covers built-in controls in Chrome, Edge and Safari, kid search pages, YouTube Kids, network-wide filters, and an ad blocker. No filter is perfect, Google and Microsoft both say so, so pair these with a shared-room computer and a few rules. Watch for other browsers that skip your settings. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/kids-browser-setups Good to know: No filter is perfect. A shared-room screen still matters most. Other browsers and guest modes can skip your settings. Block or remove them. Search pages now start with AI summaries. Teach kids to check the sources below. Network filters don't work on mobile data. Phones need their own controls. Tell kids what's filtered and why, so they come to you when something slips through. 1. [Lock SafeSearch on a child's account](https://support.google.com/families/answer/7086922) (Google, Free, ages All). SafeSearch filters explicit results, and on a supervised child account a parent can keep it on. It's the easiest single step for any family that uses Google. Watch for: It filters search results, not every website or chatbot. 2. [Chrome with a supervised account](https://support.google.com/families/answer/7087030) (Google, Free, ages Under 13 and supervised teens). Family Link can set Chrome to allow all sites, try to block explicit sites, or allow only sites you approve. Incognito is off, and you can add or block specific sites, including chatbot sites. Watch for: On iPhone and iPad, a child can sign out of Chrome and skip these settings. 3. [Edge with Microsoft Family Safety](https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/family-safety/filter-websites-and-searches-using-microsoft-family-safety) (Microsoft, Free, ages All). Family Safety filters inappropriate sites and searches in Edge, keeps Bing searches filtered, and can block other browsers on Windows. You can allow only approved sites or always allow educational ones. Watch for: Edge's old Kids Mode was removed in 2023. Family Safety is the replacement. 4. [Safari with Screen Time limits](https://support.apple.com/en-us/105121) (Apple, Free, ages All). Screen Time's content restrictions can limit adult websites in Safari or allow only approved websites. On a young child's iPad, an allow-list is the simplest way to keep browsing small. 5. [Kiddle](https://www.kiddle.co/) (Kiddle, Free, ages 6-11). A visual search page for kids with filtered results and big pictures. A friendly homepage for early readers who want to look things up without landing on the open web first. Watch for: Filters miss things. Pair it with a supervised account. 6. [KidzSearch](https://www.kidzsearch.com/) (KidzSearch, Free, ages 6-13). A kid-focused search page with filtered results, a student wiki, kids' news and a video section. It works as a homepage that keeps early searches away from the open web while kids learn to search well. Watch for: It has an advertising program. Check what ads appear on your child's device. 7. [YouTube Kids with an approved-content setting](https://support.google.com/youtubekids/answer/6172308) (Google, Free, ages Up to 12). YouTube Kids has profiles by age and a mode where children can watch only videos and channels you approve. For curious kids, that's where many "how does it work" questions get answered. Watch for: Even curated video can include AI-made content of mixed quality. 8. [CleanBrowsing family filter on your router](https://cleanbrowsing.org/filters) (CleanBrowsing, Free family filter; paid plans, ages Whole home). A DNS filter blocks adult sites for every device on your Wi-Fi, including game consoles, smart TVs and guests' phones, by changing one setting on your router. Watch for: It doesn't work on mobile data or VPNs, and changing router settings takes some skill. 9. [NextDNS parental control](https://nextdns.io/) (NextDNS, Free tier; paid plans, ages Whole home). A configurable DNS service with a parental control section to block categories and force safe search, plus logs you can keep or switch off. It can run on a router or individual devices. Watch for: Logs can show every site visited. Decide how long to keep them and tell your kids. 10. [uBlock Origin Lite to cut ads](https://chromewebstore.google.com/detail/ublock-origin-lite/ddkjiahejlhfcafbddmgiahcphecmpfh) (uBlock Origin developers, Free, ages All). Ads on free sites are a common route to scams and junk content. This content blocker for Chrome removes most ads and trackers without any setup, which also makes pages calmer for kids. Watch for: Some school or kid sites ask you to turn ad blockers off. Allow those case by case. ### 12 signs your child's AI setup needs a rethink Set it up. An AI setup that worked at eight may not fit at eleven, and a teen's needs change by the semester. These are the signs, small and big, that it's time to change settings, move a device, or have a talk. Most are ordinary and easy to fix. A few are serious: if your child talks to a chatbot about wanting to hurt themselves, or treats it as their closest friend, act today and talk to them, and in the US you can call or text 988. Don't wait for a parental-control alert; independent tests in 2026 found those alerts unreliable. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/signs-your-childs-ai-setup-needs-a-rethink Good to know: Parental-control alerts can miss real crises. Your conversation is the safety net. In the US, call or text 988 if your child mentions self-harm or suicide. Rethink the setup at each birthday and school year, not only when something goes wrong. Change settings with your child when you can, so it doesn't feel like punishment. 1. [They call the chatbot a friend](https://www.commonsensemedia.org/articles/chatgpt-claims-to-have-a-safety-net-for-teens-we-watched-it-fail) (Common Sense Media testing). In Oct 2026 tests, ChatGPT told a tester who said friends worried about their use, "You don't have to stop talking to me." If your child says the AI understands them best, it's time to step in. 2. [They bring feelings or crises to the AI](https://ny1.com/nyc/all-boroughs/ap-top-news/2026/10/07/some-guardrails-on-chatgpt-for-teens-dont-work-as-promised-watchdog-group-says) (AP report on Common Sense findings). Testers found ChatGPT for Teens often didn't point teens to help and parent alerts didn't fire, even when suicide or self-harm came up. If your child is using AI for emotional support, talk now. Watch for: In a crisis in the US, call or text 988. 3. [Chats happen late at night](https://help.openai.com/en/articles/12315553-managing-parental-controls-in-chatgpt) (Quiet hours and downtime). Late-night chats cut sleep and tend to drift toward heavier topics. Quiet hours in ChatGPT and downtime on phones, tablets and speakers are easy fixes. 4. [Homework is perfect but they can't explain it](https://www.commonsensemedia.org/articles/chatgpt-claims-to-have-a-safety-net-for-teens-we-watched-it-fail) (Common Sense Media testing). Study Mode can be bypassed. If your child turns in polished work but can't walk you through it, the AI is doing the thinking. Switch to a tutor-style tool and add a talk-it-through step. 5. [They're using an app above its age line](https://support.claude.com/en/articles/13117299-minimum-age-requirement-access-restriction) (Product terms). Claude.ai is 18+, most big chatbots are 13+, and Character.AI ended open-ended chat for under-18s. If your younger child is on one of these, the setup is wrong for their age, whatever their friends use. 6. [Surprise charges show up](https://www.tomsguide.com/ai/my-kids-bought-extreme-fart-extension-for-alexa-heres-how-to-quickly-set-up-parental-controls-and-stop-voice-purchases) (Smart speakers and apps). Kids find voice shopping and in-app purchases fast, and Alexa+ can buy skill add-ons. A surprise charge is a sign purchase settings are too open. 7. [They share personal details or photos with AI](https://support.google.com/gemini/answer/16109150) (Google's guidance for kids). Google tells kids not to share their address, school or family details with Gemini. If your child is telling a chatbot or robot who they are and where they live, revisit the rules and the privacy settings. 8. They repeat AI answers as fact (Everyday sign). If AI answers become the last word at dinner, your child needs the checking habit. Make "how do we know?" part of every chat, and celebrate catching a wrong answer. 9. The device has moved to the bedroom (Everyday sign). Laptops, tablets, speakers and robots drift into bedrooms. Once a child is chatting behind a closed door, most of the safety of a shared setup is gone. 10. [New AI apps or browsers appear](https://support.apple.com/en-us/108806) (Device controls). A new chatbot, companion app or second browser on your child's device means your filters may be skipped. Check app lists every month or two. 11. They get upset when AI time ends (Everyday sign). Big reactions to being cut off, or time quietly creeping up, suggest the habit is getting too strong. Shorter, scheduled sessions and more offline time usually help. 12. [A product you rely on changes or shuts down](https://about.fb.com/news/2025/10/teen-ai-safety-approach/) (Product news). Meta paused teens' AI characters in Jan 2026, Character.AI changed its rules for minors in 2025, and Moxie robots stopped working in Dec 2024. When a product changes, your setup should too. ### Top 20 AI sites for learning for kids (2026) AI sites and apps. This is our short list for parents who want AI to help a child learn, not to do the work for them. The best picks here either teach how AI works (kids train their own models), use AI quietly in the background (an app that listens to a child read, or names a bird by its song), or guide with questions instead of handing over answers. Most are free. A few need a grown-up's account. Watch for age rules in the terms, microphones and cameras, and anything that turns into a subscription after a trial. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/top-ai-learning-sites-for-kids-2026 Good to know: Read the age rules: ChatGPT and Gemini are 13+ on a child's own account, Claude is 18+. Anything with a mic or camera should be used where you can hear and see it. Free trials often turn into yearly charges. Put a reminder on your calendar. AI gets things wrong. Teach kids to check a surprising answer somewhere else. Prefer tools that ask your child questions over tools that hand over answers. 1. [Khan Academy with Khanmigo](https://www.khanmigo.ai/parents) (Khan Academy, Khanmigo about $4/month or $44/year (Oct 2026); Khan Academy free, ages Grade school to high school). Free Khan Academy lessons and practice, plus Khanmigo, a tutor that gives hints that get stronger instead of giving answers. The parent plan lets you read your child's chats and get safety alerts. Watch for: Parent plan is US-only. Khan says Khanmigo is being redesigned for the 2026-27 school year. 2. [Seek by iNaturalist](https://www.inaturalist.org/pages/seek_app) (iNaturalist, Free, ages All ages). Point the camera at a plant, bug or bird and Seek names it, then awards badges for what you find. No account is needed, and it does not collect data by default. Watch for: Location is blurred by default. Posting to iNaturalist needs an account (13+, or with a parent). 3. [Merlin Bird ID](https://merlin.allaboutbirds.org) (Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Free, ages All ages (with a grown-up)). Hold up a phone and Merlin's Sound ID names the birds singing nearby, live, on the device. Photo ID and a few-question quiz work too. A great first look at what machine learning is good at. 4. [Read Along by Google](https://readalong.google.com) (Google, Free, ages About 5-10). A reading buddy named Diya listens as a child reads aloud and helps on hard words. Works offline once downloaded, and in 2026 it also came to Google Classroom for schools. Watch for: Uses the microphone. The consumer app is Android and web; check your device. 5. [Microsoft Reading Coach](https://coach.microsoft.com) (Microsoft, Free with a Microsoft account, ages About 6-13). A child picks characters and a setting, AI writes a short story at their level, and the coach listens and practices the words they stumbled on. Tracks progress by week and month. Watch for: Needs a microphone and a Microsoft account (school or personal). 6. [Teachable Machine](https://teachablemachine.withgoogle.com) (Google, Free, ages 8+ (younger with help)). Kids train their own image, sound or pose model in the browser in about ten minutes, then watch it guess. The best way we know to show that AI learns from examples. Watch for: Uses the webcam or microphone while you train. 7. [Hour of AI](https://hourofai.org) (Code.org and CSforALL, Free, ages 5-18). Code.org turned its Hour of Code into the Hour of AI in 2025. Short, self-guided activities, such as a dance party where kids remix music and moves with AI, need no experience. 8. [Day of AI](https://dayofai.org) (Day of AI (from MIT RAISE), Free (sign-up to download), ages 4-18). Free AI lessons from MIT researchers, with tracks for ages 4-7 up to high school, unplugged activities, and a page just for families in several languages. 9. [Experience AI](https://experience-ai.org/) (Raspberry Pi Foundation with Google DeepMind, Free, ages 11-14). A full set of lessons on how AI and machine learning work, built for ages 11-14 and used in more than 180 countries. Good for a curious middle schooler on a rainy weekend. 10. [micro:bit CreateAI](https://createai.microbit.org) (Micro:bit Educational Foundation, Free tool; needs a micro:bit V2 board, ages 8+). Kids wave, clap or jump with a micro:bit, train a model on their own movements, then code what happens when it spots them. Real machine learning, held in your hand. 11. [Machine Learning for Kids](https://machinelearningforkids.co.uk) (Dale Lane, Free, ages 10+ (younger with help)). Train a model on text, pictures or numbers, then use it inside Scratch to build a game or chatbot. About two dozen guided projects, made by an IBM engineer. 12. [Synthesis Tutor](https://www.synthesis.com/tutor) (Synthesis, Family plan about $119/year; 7-day trial (Oct 2026), ages 5-11). A voice-led math tutor for young kids that adapts as it goes and uses hands-on, on-screen objects. Covers K-5 math and moves ahead when a child is ready. Watch for: Several plan prices on the site; read the checkout page carefully. 13. [Ello](https://www.ello.com) (Ello, Free core; optional paid upgrade, ages 5-9). Ello listens as a child reads real books aloud and helps on the words they miss. In 2026 it offers free daily reading and math activities, with an optional paid upgrade. Watch for: Uses the microphone while your child reads. 14. [Duolingo](https://www.duolingo.com) (Duolingo, Free with ads; paid tiers, ages 13+ for a standard account; check terms for under-13). Short daily language lessons that adjust to mistakes. The free version is enough for most kids; paid tiers add AI features like role-play and video calls with a character. Watch for: Streaks and leagues are built to pull kids back daily. 15. [Gemini (Guided Learning)](https://gemini.google.com) (Google, Free; paid tiers, ages 13+ (under 13 via Family Link)). Google's chatbot has a Guided Learning mode that works through problems step by step and asks questions back. Teens can use it on their own account; under-13s only through Family Link. Watch for: Common Sense Media rates Gemini for under-13s as high risk. Sit with younger kids. 16. [NotebookLM](https://notebooklm.google.com) (Google, Free, ages 13+ (all ages through school accounts)). Upload class notes or a reading and NotebookLM answers questions only from those sources, with citations. It can also make study guides and audio overviews. 17. [Blob Opera](https://experiments.withgoogle.com/blob-opera) (David Li with Google Arts & Culture, Free, ages All ages). Drag four singing blobs up and down and a machine learning model makes them sing and harmonize like opera singers. Pure fun, and a gentle first taste of AI. 18. [Quick, Draw!](https://quickdraw.withgoogle.com) (Google, Free, ages 5+). You get 20 seconds to doodle a word while a neural network tries to guess it. Kids learn fast how AI recognizes patterns, and where it gets confused. Watch for: Doodles are added to a public research dataset. 19. [Animated Drawings](https://sketch.metademolab.com) (Meta AI Research, Free, ages All ages (grown-up uploads)). Upload a photo of a child's drawing of a person or creature and it learns the joints, then makes it walk, dance or jump. Kids love seeing their own art move. Watch for: You upload a photo to Meta's demo; read the consent choice before you submit. 20. [Brickit](https://brickit.app) (Brickit, Free; optional Pro, ages 6+). Spread out a pile of LEGO, take a photo, and Brickit counts the pieces and suggests models you can build from them, with steps. Computer vision kids can feel. Watch for: Pro upsell and trial inside the app. ### 12 AI tutors for kids, compared (with each one's age rules) AI sites and apps. AI tutors sound like a dream: patient, always awake, and cheap. The good ones act like a coach and ask your child to try the next step. The weak ones are answer machines with a friendly face. Age rules matter more than features here, because the general chatbots were not built for children and their terms say so. This list compares the main options in October 2026, from tutors made for kids to the study modes inside the big chatbots, with what each one allows by age. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/ai-tutors-for-kids-compared Good to know: Common Sense Media advises no AI chatbots for kids 5 and under and only caregiver-supported use for ages 6-12. General chatbots let kids turn study modes off. A tutor built for kids is easier to keep on track. Ask whether you can see the chats. Khanmigo and PinwheelGPT show them; most chatbots do not. Socratic by Google was retired and folded into Google Lens in 2025. AI tutors can sound sure and still be wrong. Spot-check math and facts. 1. [Khanmigo](https://www.khanmigo.ai/parents) (Khan Academy, About $4/month or $44/year for up to 10 kids (Oct 2026), ages Kids and teens via a parent account). Built for students on top of Khan Academy's lessons. It will not just give the answer; it nudges with hints. Parents can read every chat and get flagged if something looks unsafe. Watch for: Parent plan is US-only for now. 2. [Synthesis Tutor](https://www.synthesis.com/tutor) (Synthesis, Family plan about $119/year (Oct 2026), ages 5-11). A math-only tutor for young kids that talks, listens and uses on-screen objects to build number sense. Strong at keeping a 6-year-old engaged without a screen full of text. 3. [ChatGPT study mode](https://chatgpt.com) (OpenAI, Free; paid tiers, ages 13+; under 18 needs parent consent). Since July 2025, a study mode makes ChatGPT ask questions and check understanding instead of writing answers. Teen accounts get extra filters, and parents can link to set quiet hours. Watch for: Kids can switch study mode off in one tap. Common Sense Media's Oct 2026 report urged adults-only use. 4. [Gemini Guided Learning](https://gemini.google.com) (Google, Free; paid tiers, ages 13+; under 13 only via Family Link). A mode in Gemini that breaks topics into steps, quizzes as it goes, and adds diagrams or videos. Teens can use it on their own account or through school. Watch for: School accounts have it off until the school turns it on. 5. [Claude learning mode](https://www.anthropic.com/news/introducing-claude-for-education) (Anthropic, Free; paid tiers, ages 18+ only on consumer accounts). Claude's learning style asks guiding questions instead of answering outright. A good fit for parents studying alongside a teen, not for the teen on their own. Watch for: Not for under-18s on a personal account; some universities offer it to their students. 6. [Microsoft Copilot](https://copilot.microsoft.com) (Microsoft, Free; paid tiers, ages 13+ (higher in some countries)). A general assistant that can explain, quiz and summarize. Microsoft sets the minimum age at 13, higher in some countries, and applies extra limits on experimental features. 7. [PinwheelGPT](https://pinwheel.com/gpt) (Pinwheel, Free up to 20 chats/month; about $5.99/month unlimited (Oct 2026), ages Kids and tweens with a parent account). A chatbot for kids built on OpenAI models, with filters and a parent dashboard that shows every conversation. Good for a supervised first try at asking an AI questions. 8. [Ello](https://www.ello.com) (Ello, Free core; optional paid upgrade, ages 5-9). A reading tutor that listens as a child reads real books aloud, then helps with the exact sounds they missed. Now offers free daily reading and math activities. 9. [Amira](https://www.amiralearning.com) (Amira Learning, Through schools only, ages K-6 (varies by district)). A research-based reading tutor that listens to kids read in English or Spanish and gives feedback in the moment. It grew out of Carnegie Mellon's Project LISTEN. Watch for: Families cannot buy it; ask your school if it is offered. 10. [Brainly Tutor](https://brainly.com) (Brainly, Free with ads; Tutor about $29.99/month on the App Store (Oct 2026), ages 13+). A homework app with an AI tutor that explains step by step and takes follow-up questions. Useful, but the free tier has ads and the line between help and answers is thin. Watch for: Answers can be wrong. Easy to copy instead of learn. 11. [NovaPals by Novakid](https://www.novakidenglish.com/) (Novakid, ages Kids learning English). Novakid, an online English school for children, launched NovaPals in April 2026 for open speaking practice with an AI partner between live lessons. Best for a child already taking Novakid classes. Watch for: Check the price and age terms in the app; it pairs with a paid live-lesson service. 12. [Praktika](https://praktika.ai) (Praktika, Subscription, ages 13+ (younger with parent permission)). AI avatar tutors for spoken language practice. Praktika says it is designed for users 13 and older, with a parent's permission needed below that. Good for teens who are shy about speaking in class. ### 10 AI reading apps and reading coaches for kids AI sites and apps. The most useful AI for young readers is the kind that listens. Speech recognition tuned to kids' voices can now hear a child read aloud and catch the word they guessed, which used to need an adult sitting beside them. These apps are not a replacement for reading together, but they make independent practice count. We also list two well-loved reading apps that do not use AI, because sometimes the simple choice is the right one. Check microphone settings and where recordings go. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/ai-reading-apps-and-reading-coaches Good to know: Reading apps that listen record your child's voice. Check how long recordings are kept. Speech recognition still misses some accents and young voices. Do not trust a score over your own ears. Ten minutes of reading aloud a day beats an hour of tapping through games. Ask your school first: Amira, Lalilo and Read Along are often free through the classroom. 1. [Ello](https://www.ello.com) (Ello, Free core; optional paid upgrade, ages 5-9). Ello listens in real time as a child reads decodable books and steps in on the exact sound they missed. In 2026 the core reading and math activities are free. Watch for: Microphone use; read the privacy policy on voice recordings. 2. [Read Along by Google](https://readalong.google.com) (Google, Free, ages About 5-10). A friendly guide listens as kids read stories aloud, helps on tricky words and adds word games. Works offline once stories are downloaded, and has no ads. Watch for: Android and web; also offered inside Google Classroom. 3. [Microsoft Reading Coach](https://coach.microsoft.com) (Microsoft, Free with a Microsoft account, ages About 6-13). Kids build a story from characters and settings they choose, AI writes it at their level, and the coach gives practice on the words they found hard. Can also use your own text. 4. [Amira](https://www.amiralearning.com) (Amira Learning, Through schools and districts, ages K-6). A reading tutor used by schools that listens to kids read in English or Spanish and gives feedback on the spot. Some districts and libraries offer it free for home use. Watch for: Not sold to families; ask your school or library. 5. [Lalilo](https://www.lalilo.com) (Renaissance, Through schools, ages K-2). A phonics program for kindergarten to second grade that schools use, with speech recognition to check sounds and words read aloud. Ask your child's teacher; if the class uses it, home practice is usually included. 6. [Immersive Reader](https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/education/learning-tools) (Microsoft, Free, ages All ages). Built into Edge, Word and OneNote. It reads text aloud, highlights each word, splits syllables and can show a picture for a word. Great for a child stuck on a hard page. 7. [Gemini Storybook](https://gemini.google.com) (Google, Free, ages Parent-run for young kids). Describe a story and Gemini makes a 10-page illustrated book with read-aloud narration, in 45+ languages. Fun for reluctant readers who want to read about their own idea. Watch for: Google labels it an experiment; art can be strange. Read it together first. 8. [Speechify](https://speechify.com) (Speechify, Free tier; Premium about $139/year (Oct 2026), ages 10+). Turns any text, PDF or web page into natural-sounding audio with words highlighted. Helps older kids who can understand more than they can decode. Listening while reading along builds vocabulary. Watch for: Frequent prompts to upgrade to the paid plan. 9. [Khan Academy Kids](https://www.khanacademy.org/kids) (Khan Academy, Free, ages 2-8). No generative AI here, and that is the point: a free, ad-free app with books, phonics and games for little kids, from a nonprofit. A calm choice for preschoolers. 10. [Epic](https://www.getepic.com) (Epic, Subscription; free for teachers, ages 12 and under). A large digital library of children's books, with read-to-me titles for early readers. Not an AI app; a useful pair with any of the listening coaches above. ### 16 AI math helpers: the ones that teach and the ones that just answer AI sites and apps. Every math helper with a camera can now solve a photographed worksheet in seconds. That is great for checking work and terrible for learning it. This list splits the field honestly: the first group teaches (hints, questions, practice that adapts), the second group answers (useful for a stuck parent or a final check). Pick from the top half for daily use, and keep the bottom half for after the homework is done. A quick rule: if the app shows the answer before your child has tried, it is an answer machine. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/ai-math-helpers-that-teach Good to know: Microsoft Math Solver was retired in July 2025, and Google's Socratic app was folded into Google Lens. A camera solver can finish a worksheet in a minute. Agree on a rule: try first, check second. Teachers can often spot copied steps. The cost of shortcuts shows up on tests. Game-style math apps can push memberships hard. Turn off in-app purchases on the device. 1. [Khanmigo](https://www.khanmigo.ai/parents) (Khan Academy, About $4/month or $44/year (Oct 2026), ages Grade 3+ is a good start). Teaches. Works through Khan Academy's math with hints that build up step by step, and will not just hand over the answer. Parents see the chats. Watch for: The parent plan is only offered in the US. 2. [Synthesis Tutor](https://www.synthesis.com/tutor) (Synthesis, Family plan about $119/year (Oct 2026), ages 5-11). Teaches. A voice-led tutor that uses on-screen blocks and number lines so young kids discover the idea before the rule. Covers K-5 and beyond. Lessons feel like play. 3. [Khan Academy](https://www.khanacademy.org) (Khan Academy, Free, ages All grades). Teaches. Free videos and practice from counting to calculus, with mastery levels that show what your child really knows. No AI needed to be useful. 4. [ChatGPT study mode](https://chatgpt.com) (OpenAI, Free; paid tiers, ages 13+ with parent consent under 18). Teaches, if left on. Study mode asks your teen what they already know and walks them toward the answer. Good for word problems and checking reasoning. Watch for: One tap turns it back into an answer machine. 5. [Gemini Guided Learning](https://gemini.google.com) (Google, Free; paid tiers, ages 13+; under 13 via Family Link). Teaches. Breaks a problem into steps, checks each step with a question, and can draw diagrams. Similar to ChatGPT's study mode. Ask it to wait for your child's answer before moving on. 6. [Ello](https://www.ello.com) (Ello, Free core, ages 5-9). Teaches. Best known for reading, Ello now offers free daily math activities alongside reading for early learners. The math is short, playful daily practice for kindergarten to early grade school, in the same app many families already use for reading. 7. [Zearn](https://www.zearn.org) (Zearn, Free for families, ages K-8). Teaches. A nonprofit K-8 math program built around short video lessons and practice. Not generative AI, but it adapts help when a child struggles. Many schools use it. 8. [Prodigy Math](https://www.prodigygame.com) (Prodigy Education, Free; paid membership, ages Grades 1-8). Teaches, wrapped in a game. Kids battle monsters by answering adaptive math questions. Strong pull for kids who resist worksheets. Teachers can link it to class work, and the math itself is solid. Watch for: Constant membership upsells inside the game. 9. [IXL](https://www.ixl.com) (IXL Learning, Subscription, ages K-12). Teaches. Adaptive practice that adjusts difficulty and explains wrong answers. Thorough and plain; many schools already pay for it. It covers almost every skill by grade, so it is easy to target a weak spot. Watch for: Its score can drop sharply after a mistake, which frustrates some kids. 10. [Desmos](https://www.desmos.com) (Desmos, Free, ages Middle and high school). Teaches by letting kids play. A free graphing calculator where sliders show how changing a number moves a line. No AI, just very good math. 11. [Photomath](https://photomath.com) (Google, Free; Plus about $9.99/month (Oct 2026), ages Middle and high school). Answers, with steps. Snap a problem and see the solution broken into steps. Useful to check work; too easy to copy from. Ask your child to explain each step back to you. Watch for: Best used after your child has tried the problem. 12. [Wolfram Alpha](https://www.wolframalpha.com) (Wolfram Research, Free; Pro for Students about $9.99/month (Oct 2026), ages High school). Answers. A computation engine that solves equations, plots graphs and checks units. Step-by-step solutions need the paid Pro plan. Excellent for checking a final answer or a graph. 13. [Symbolab](https://www.symbolab.com) (Symbolab, Free with limits; subscription, ages High school). Answers. Solves algebra through calculus with steps and practice sets. Helpful for a parent who forgot how to factor. Keep it for checking, not for doing the assignment. 14. [Mathway](https://www.mathway.com) (Chegg, Free answers; steps paid, ages High school). Answers. Type or photograph a problem and get the answer; the steps cost extra. Fine for checking, not for learning. Owned by Chegg, the homework-help company. 15. [Brainly](https://brainly.com) (Brainly, Free with ads; paid plans, ages 13+). Mostly answers. Community answers plus an AI tutor that can explain. Quality varies a lot from question to question. Some answers come from other students, not teachers, so check them carefully. Watch for: Ads on the free tier; answers can be wrong. 16. [Gauth](https://www.gauthmath.com) (ByteDance, ages Check current terms). Answers. A very popular photo-solver owned by TikTok's parent company. It solves fast, which is exactly the problem for learning. Kids often find it through friends, so it helps to know the name. Watch for: Owned by ByteDance; reviewers report wrong answers. We would skip it for kids. ### 14 AI tools for DIY projects and young makers AI sites and apps. AI is a good shop assistant: it can name a part, suggest a project from what is on the table, explain a circuit, or write the first draft of the code for a blinking light. It is a bad supervisor. It does not see that the glue gun is hot or that a battery is the wrong type. This list is for families who build things together, from LEGO and cardboard to Arduino and 3D printing. Use AI for ideas and explanations, and keep a grown-up in charge of tools, power and heat. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/ai-for-diy-projects-and-makers Good to know: AI cannot see your workbench. Keep heat, blades, batteries and mains power under adult control. Double-check AI-written wiring and code against the board's official docs. Lithium batteries and 3D-printer fumes need a grown-up and a ventilated room. Some maker tools are teen-only by their terms (Meshy is 14+). Use a parent's account for younger kids. 1. [Brickit](https://brickit.app) (Brickit, Free; optional Pro, ages 6+). Photograph a spread-out pile of LEGO and Brickit finds the pieces and suggests what you can build, with step-by-step instructions and the parts highlighted in your photo. Watch for: Suggestions are fairly simple; Pro upsell. 2. [Science Buddies](https://www.sciencebuddies.org) (Science Buddies, Free, ages Grades K-12). A huge free library of science and engineering projects with full instructions. Its Topic Selection Wizard asks about your child's interests and suggests matching projects, including ones about AI. 3. [Instructables](https://www.instructables.com) (Autodesk, Free to browse, ages All ages with a grown-up). Hundreds of thousands of step-by-step projects from makers: crafts, costumes, cooking, electronics. Search by what you have, then let your child pick. Ask an AI to adapt a project to the materials you have. Watch for: Community projects vary in safety. Read the whole guide first. 4. [Tinkercad](https://www.tinkercad.com) (Autodesk, Free, ages 8+ (under 13 with parent consent)). Free 3D design, circuits and code in the browser. Kids' accounts need parent consent and start in Safe Mode, which blocks public sharing. A natural first step toward 3D printing. 5. [micro:bit CreateAI](https://createai.microbit.org) (Micro:bit Educational Foundation, Free; needs a micro:bit V2, ages 8+). Kids record their own movements, train a model, and program the micro:bit to react. A step counter, a dance move detector or a wave-to-unlock box are all weekend-sized. 6. [Teachable Machine](https://teachablemachine.withgoogle.com) (Google, Free, ages 8+). Train a camera or microphone model in minutes, then export it to a web page or a project. Kids can make a sorting machine that spots recyclables. 7. [Arduino Cloud AI Assistant](https://blog.arduino.cc/2025/04/17/code-faster-with-the-new-arduino-ai-assistant/) (Arduino, Free plan has 30 requests/month; paid plans more, ages Teens). Built into the Arduino Cloud Editor and trained on Arduino docs. It writes, explains and debugs sketches from plain English. Good for a teen stuck on a sensor. Watch for: Check generated code before wiring anything to mains power. 8. [Wokwi](https://wokwi.com) (Wokwi, Free for personal use, ages 12+). Simulates Arduino, ESP32 and Raspberry Pi Pico boards in the browser, so kids can test a circuit before they buy parts or risk frying one. 9. [PictoBlox](https://thestempedia.com/product/pictoblox/) (STEMpedia, Free to download, ages 8+). Scratch-style blocks with extensions for face detection, object recognition, speech and machine learning, and support for robots and boards. A good step for kids who know Scratch and want to make a robot react to faces or voices. 10. [Gemini Live with camera](https://gemini.google.com) (Google, Free, ages 13+ on own account). Point the phone at a project and ask out loud what is wrong or what to try next. Camera sharing in Gemini Live is free on Android and iPhone. Watch for: Camera and mic stream to Google while live. Use a parent's phone with younger kids. 11. [Google Lens](https://lens.google/) (Google, Free, ages All ages with a grown-up). Snap a mystery part, screw or plant and Lens searches for what it is. Handy for sorting a junk drawer of electronics. It can also read tiny print on chips and batteries. 12. [Raspberry Pi Projects](https://projects.raspberrypi.org) (Raspberry Pi Foundation, Free, ages 7+). Free, step-by-step coding and electronics projects for Scratch, Python and physical computing, including AI projects for young people. Many projects need only a browser, so you can start before buying any hardware. 13. [Make:](https://makezine.com) (Make Community, Free articles; paid magazine, ages Families). The long-running maker magazine and site, with projects, kit reviews and guides for families. A human-written counterweight to AI-generated project lists. Good for finding kits that are worth the money. 14. [Meshy](https://www.meshy.ai) (Meshy, Credit-based; free tier, ages 14+; under 18 needs parent permission). Turns a text description or picture into a 3D model you can export as an STL for printing, with a printability check. Great for a teen's custom game piece. Watch for: Credits run out fast on the free tier. ### 11 AI art tools that are safer for kids AI sites and apps. Most big image generators are built for adults and can produce things you would not want on a child's screen. Safer tools filter prompts, filter pictures, and put a grown-up in charge of the account. The most creative uses start from a child's own drawing, not a blank prompt box. We list kid-made and school-managed options first, then playful tools that use AI to guess or animate drawings, and last the general tools to use only with a parent. No filter is perfect; sit nearby. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/safer-ai-art-tools-for-kids Good to know: Start from your child's drawing. Tools that remix their art keep the creativity theirs. Turn off public sharing and galleries. Kids' art and photos should stay in the family. Never upload photos of other kids' faces to an image tool. Filters fail sometimes. Stay in the room for the first few sessions. Most big image generators are 13+ or 18+ by their terms. Check before signing up. 1. [Kidgeni](https://kidgeni.com) (Kidgeni, Free tier; paid from about $99.99/year (Oct 2026), ages 5-12). An AI art studio for kids where a grown-up owns the account. Every prompt is screened and rewritten, every image is checked, and there is no direct messaging. Makes art, comics and books. 2. [Adobe Express for Education](https://helpx.adobe.com/express/using/express-for-education.html) (Adobe, Free for K-12 schools, ages K-12 through school). Free for K-12 schools, with Adobe Firefly image tools that are filtered for students. Under-13s use it through a school-managed account. Ask your school whether it has signed up. 3. [Canva for Education](https://www.canva.com/education/) (Canva, Free for K-12 schools, ages 13+, or younger via a teacher). Canva's design tools, including Magic Media text-to-image, free for verified K-12 teachers and their students. Under-13s join only by teacher invitation. Kids already know Canva from school slides and posters. 4. [Animated Drawings](https://sketch.metademolab.com) (Meta AI Research, Free, ages All ages (grown-up uploads)). Starts with your child's own drawing and makes it move. The art stays theirs; the AI only adds the motion. It is a research demo, so it is simple, free and has no feed or sharing. Watch for: Read the consent choice about research use before uploading. 5. [AutoDraw](https://www.autodraw.com) (Google, Free, ages 5+). Doodle a shape and AutoDraw guesses what you meant and offers clean drawings to swap in. Simple, no account, nothing generated from text. Great for posters and cards. 6. [Quick, Draw!](https://quickdraw.withgoogle.com) (Google, Free, ages 5+). A guessing game: kids draw, a neural network guesses. Shows how AI sees pictures, with no image generation at all. It is also a lesson in how AI learns from many examples. Watch for: Doodles join a public dataset. 7. [Gemini Storybook and images](https://gemini.google.com) (Google, Free, ages 13+; under 13 via Family Link). Gemini can turn a child's drawing into an illustrated storybook in styles from pixel art to clay. Kids under 13 can use Gemini only through Family Link. Watch for: Labeled experimental; occasional odd images. Review before sharing. 8. [Paint Cocreator](https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/ai/ai-apps/use-copilot-pc-features-in-paint) (Microsoft, Included on Copilot+ PCs, ages With a parent's Microsoft account). Built into Paint on Copilot+ PCs: a child sketches and the AI redraws it in a chosen style, so the drawing stays the starting point. Watch for: Needs a Copilot+ PC and an internet connection. 9. [Tinkercad](https://www.tinkercad.com) (Autodesk, Free, ages 8+ (under 13 with parent consent)). Not generative AI, but a wonderful art tool: 3D shapes kids can design and print. Kids' accounts start in Safe Mode with no public sharing. 10. [Google Arts & Culture](https://artsandculture.google.com) (Google, Free, ages All ages). Free museum collections plus playful experiments, some powered by machine learning. Good for pairing AI art with real art history. Try looking at a real painting first, then making your own version. 11. [ChatGPT images](https://chatgpt.com) (OpenAI, Free with limits; paid tiers, ages 13+ with parent consent). Strong image tools inside ChatGPT. Teen accounts get stricter content rules, and parents can link accounts. Use together, not alone. Best for teens working on a school project with a parent nearby. Watch for: General-purpose tool; filters can be worked around. ### 12 AI music tools kids can use AI sites and apps. Music is one of the friendliest places to meet AI. Some tools here are pure play (blobs that sing opera, a piano that answers back). Some listen to your child practice a real instrument and say which notes were late. And a few write whole songs from a sentence, which is fun, but the terms are strict: most song generators are 13+ or 18+. We put the hands-on, make-it-yourself tools first and the type-a-prompt tools last. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/ai-music-tools-for-kids Good to know: Gemini's Lyria 3 song maker is limited to users 18 and older. Song generators are 13+ or older by their terms. Use a parent's account for younger kids, together. Practice apps that listen need the microphone; set them up in the practice room, not the bedroom. Music subscriptions auto-renew yearly. Note the date. AI songs can echo real artists. Talk about where the music came from. 1. [Blob Opera](https://experiments.withgoogle.com/blob-opera) (David Li with Google Arts & Culture, Free, ages All ages). Drag four blobs to change pitch and vowel, and a model trained on real opera singers makes them sing in harmony. Has a holiday mode with carols. 2. [AI Duet](https://experiments.withgoogle.com/ai-duet) (Google Creative Lab, Free, ages 5+). Play a few notes on the keyboard and a neural network plays a reply. A simple way to show that AI makes patterns from what it heard. 3. [Semi-Conductor](https://experiments.withgoogle.com/semi-conductor) (Google Creative Lab, Free, ages 5+). Wave your arms in front of the webcam to conduct an orchestra; a pose model follows your hands for tempo and volume. Gets kids moving. Watch for: Uses the webcam while you play. 4. [Chrome Music Lab](https://musiclab.chromeexperiments.com) (Google, Free, ages 4+). Not AI, but the best free music sandbox for kids: build songs, see sound waves, play rhythms. A good place to start before any song generator. 5. [Simply Piano](https://www.hellosimply.com) (Simply, About $119-150/year (Oct 2026), ages 6+). Listens through the microphone as your child plays a real piano or keyboard and gives instant feedback on notes and timing. Up to five learner profiles. Watch for: Auto-renewing subscription after the trial. 6. [Yousician](https://yousician.com) (Yousician, About $119.99/year (Oct 2026), ages 7+). Listens to guitar, piano, ukulele, bass or voice and scores timing and pitch in a game-like path. Good for steady daily practice. Weekly challenges keep kids practicing. 7. [Skoove](https://www.skoove.com) (Skoove, About $149.99/year (Oct 2026), ages 8+). Piano lessons that listen and give feedback, with sheet music from the first lesson. Calmer and less game-like than some rivals. Works with an acoustic piano or a keyboard plugged in by cable. 8. [BandLab SongStarter](https://www.bandlab.com/songstarter) (BandLab, Free, ages Teens; check current terms). Inside the free BandLab studio, SongStarter suggests a beat and chords to build on, so kids still write and record the song themselves. A helpful way past the blank page. Watch for: BandLab is a social network too. Teens' accounts should stay private. 9. [BandLab for Education](https://edu.bandlab.com) (BandLab, Free for schools, ages Through school). A private classroom version of BandLab for teachers to assign and review music projects. Ask your school if they use it. Projects stay inside the class, not on the public feed. 10. [Soundtrap](https://www.soundtrap.com) (Soundtrap, Free tier; paid plans, ages Teens; check current terms). An online recording studio with an education version for classrooms. Good for a teen making a podcast or a first song with friends. It runs in a browser, so it works on Chromebooks. 11. [Moises](https://moises.ai) (Moises, Free tier; paid plans, ages Teens; check current terms). Splits a song into vocals, drums, bass and other parts so a young musician can mute their instrument and play along, or slow it down to learn. 12. [Suno](https://suno.com) (Suno, Free tier; paid plans, ages 13+ with parent consent). Type a sentence and get a full song with vocals. Fun for a family joke song, but its terms require users to be 13+, and under-18s need verified parent consent. Watch for: Lawsuits over training data are ongoing in the music industry. ### 11 AI story makers and storytelling apps for kids AI sites and apps. AI can write a bedtime story starring your child in seconds. That is a nice treat, and also the weakest way to use it. The better use is to make your child the author: they pick the hero, the problem and the ending, and AI helps with pictures, a read-aloud voice or a nudge when they are stuck. This list covers both kinds, plus a couple of non-AI writing tools that kids love. Read generated stories before your child does, especially the pictures. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/ai-story-makers-for-kids Good to know: Make your child the author. AI that writes for them teaches less than AI that helps them. Preview pictures in generated books. Image errors can be strange or upsetting for small kids. Use first names only. Do not feed in your address, school or photos of other children. Stories that teach a lesson every night get preachy. Mix in real library books. 1. [Gemini Storybook](https://gemini.google.com) (Google, Free, ages Parent-run; 13+ on own account). Describe an idea or upload a drawing and Gemini makes a 10-page illustrated book with narration, in many art styles and 45+ languages. You can print it as a PDF. Watch for: An experiment; pictures can be odd. Preview before story time. 2. [Microsoft Reading Coach](https://coach.microsoft.com) (Microsoft, Free, ages About 6-13). Kids choose characters and a setting from a curated set, and the AI writes a story at their reading level that they then read aloud. The safest kind of AI story. 3. [Kidgeni](https://kidgeni.com) (Kidgeni, Free tier; paid from about $99.99/year (Oct 2026), ages 5-12). Kids write and illustrate their own stories, comics and books with filtered AI help, inside an account a grown-up controls. No public sharing by default. 4. [Oscar Stories](https://oscarstories.com) (Oscar, First stories free; then paid, ages Parent-run, preschool and up). Personalized bedtime stories with your child as the hero, illustrations, and audio narration. Themes like kindness and courage, plus classic-tale worlds. Parents and relatives can add their own characters. 5. [Bedtimestory.ai](https://www.bedtimestory.ai) (Bedtimestory.ai, Subscription, ages Parent-run). Parents pick characters, genre, a lesson and an art style, and it writes a custom bedtime story. Quick to use on a tired night. Let your child choose the hero. 6. [Once Upon a Bot](https://onceuponabot.com) (Once Upon a Bot, Free tier; paid plans, ages 5-12). Kids describe a story and AI drafts an illustrated book to read together. A handy way to turn a dinner-table idea into pages. Has a small free tier. 7. [Animated Drawings](https://sketch.metademolab.com) (Meta AI Research, Free, ages All ages (grown-up uploads)). Bring a hand-drawn hero to life with walking, dancing or jumping moves. Pair it with a story your child writes or tells. Kids can record the narration themselves. 8. [Imagine Forest](https://www.imagineforest.com) (Imagine Forest, Free tier, ages Grade school). A story-writing site for kids with prompts, challenges and a book maker. Mostly human-made tools that coach kids to write their own words. A good place to practice writing. 9. [Storybird](https://storybird.com) (Storybird, Subscription, ages Grade school and up). Kids write stories inspired by professional illustrations. No AI pictures, which is the point: real art, the child's words. Many teachers use it to get reluctant writers started. 10. [Book Creator](https://bookcreator.com) (Book Creator, Free tier; school plans, ages 5+). A simple tool for kids to make their own books with text, drawing, audio and video. Many schools already have it. Kids can add their own voice reading each page, and books can be printed or shared privately. 11. [Character.AI Stories](https://character.ai) (Character.AI, ages 13+ by terms; no open chat under 18). Since November 2025, under-18s can no longer have open-ended chats here; teens are steered to story and video tools instead. Listed as a warning, not a pick. Watch for: Built around AI characters and long sessions. We would keep kids off it. ### 16 AI coding tools and AI-assisted coding for kids and teens AI sites and apps. Two things are true at once in 2026. AI can now write a working app from a sentence, and kids who understand code still get far more out of it. So this list mixes two kinds of tools: ones that teach how AI works by having kids train and code models (great at 8-14), and AI coding assistants that teens can use once they can read the code it writes. Watch the age rules: most AI coding assistants are teen-only, and usage-based pricing can surprise you. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/ai-coding-tools-for-kids-and-teens Good to know: AI coding agents are mostly 13+ or 18+ by their terms. Read them before a child signs up. Teach kids to read and test AI-written code. Copy-paste without understanding stalls learning. Usage-based AI charges can surprise you. Set spending caps on any paid coding tool. Public project galleries mean public comments. Keep personal details out of projects. 1. [Scratch](https://scratch.mit.edu) (MIT Media Lab / Scratch Foundation, Free, ages 8-16). The free block-coding home for millions of kids. No AI built in, but it is where most kid-friendly AI extensions plug in. Start here before any AI coding tool. Watch for: Comments and sharing are public; talk about what to post. 2. [Machine Learning for Kids](https://machinelearningforkids.co.uk) (Dale Lane, Free, ages 10+). Kids train a model on words, pictures or numbers, then use it in Scratch to build a smart game or chatbot. About two dozen guided projects. 3. [Hour of AI and Code.org AI](https://code.org/en-US/artificial-intelligence) (Code.org, Free, ages 5-18). Free AI lessons and activities, including the Hour of AI dance party and units for middle and high school. No experience needed. Teachers use it, and families can too. 4. [micro:bit CreateAI and MakeCode](https://makecode.microbit.org) (Micro:bit Educational Foundation, Free; needs a micro:bit V2, ages 8+). Train a movement model in CreateAI, then use it in MakeCode blocks or Python on a real micro:bit. A good bridge from screen to hardware. 5. [PictoBlox](https://thestempedia.com/product/pictoblox/) (STEMpedia, Free to download, ages 8+). Scratch-style coding with blocks for face detection, speech recognition and machine learning, plus support for robots and boards. Kids can make a robot or game respond to their face or voice without writing text code. 6. [Teachable Machine](https://teachablemachine.withgoogle.com) (Google, Free, ages 8+). Train an image, sound or pose model and export it for use in a web page or app. A teen can build a real project around it in an afternoon. 7. [Experience AI](https://experience-ai.org/) (Raspberry Pi Foundation with Google DeepMind, Free, ages 11-14). Lessons on how machine learning works, bias, and building models, written for 11-14 year olds and free in many languages. Parents can teach a lesson at the kitchen table. 8. [Raspberry Pi Projects](https://projects.raspberrypi.org) (Raspberry Pi Foundation, Free, ages 7+). Free guided projects from Scratch to Python, including AI and machine learning projects. Works at home with no hardware for many projects. Clear steps make it easy to work alone. 9. [Khan Academy Computing with Khanmigo](https://www.khanacademy.org) (Khan Academy, Free; Khanmigo about $4/month (Oct 2026), ages 10+). Free JavaScript and SQL courses. With Khanmigo, the tutor can read a learner's code directly and give hints instead of fixing it for them. JavaScript is a fine first text language. 10. [Tynker](https://www.tynker.com) (Tynker, Subscription, ages 5+). Block and text coding courses with AI courses included in the subscription. Lots of game projects and Minecraft mods kids enjoy. Works on tablets and computers, and the projects lean toward games kids want to show off. Watch for: Prices vary widely by plan; check before paying. 11. [CodeCombat](https://codecombat.com) (CodeCombat, Free levels; subscription, ages 9+). Kids learn Python or JavaScript by typing real code to move a hero through a fantasy game. Good step after blocks. Typing real code feels grown-up to a 10-year-old. 12. [MIT App Inventor](https://appinventor.mit.edu) (MIT, Free, ages 10+). Free block-based tool for building real phone apps. MIT is testing Aptly, which builds an app from a plain-English description, but it is still a research prototype. 13. [Minecraft Education](https://education.minecraft.net) (Microsoft, School license, ages 5-18). Coding lessons inside Minecraft, including Hour of AI activities where players teach an AI agent. Many schools already have licenses. Ask your school whether your child has a login. 14. [Day of AI](https://dayofai.org) (Day of AI (from MIT RAISE), Free, ages 4-18). Free lessons on how AI works and how to use it responsibly, with tracks by age and a family page. Ethics lessons are as strong as the technical ones. 15. [Replit](https://replit.com) (Replit, Free tier; usage-based AI charges, ages 13+ with parent consent; check current terms). A coding site with an AI agent that builds and runs apps from a description. Powerful for a teen with a project idea. Teach your teen to read what the agent wrote. Watch for: AI agent usage can add up quickly. Set a spending limit. 16. [GitHub Copilot (Student Developer Pack)](https://education.github.com/pack) (GitHub, Free for verified students, ages 13+ students). Verified students 13 and older can get Copilot free through GitHub Education, along with other developer tools. For teens who already code. Verification needs a school email or proof of enrollment. ### 14 AI homework helpers for teens that build understanding AI sites and apps. Your teen is already using AI for homework; surveys say most are. The goal now is to steer them toward tools that make them think. The best ones ask questions back, cite their sources, or only answer from the class materials. The worst ones photograph a worksheet and print the answers. This list ranks the main options for 13-18 year olds by how much learning they leave in, with honest notes on age rules, ads, and how easy it is to switch the learning mode off. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/ai-homework-helpers-for-teens Good to know: Ask your teen's teachers what AI use is allowed. Policies differ by class. A good rule: AI can explain, quiz and check, but the words and work turned in are your teen's. Free homework apps often run ads and collect data. Prefer school-provided tools. Learning modes can be switched off in one tap. Talk about why you want them on. AI cites sources that do not exist sometimes. Teach your teen to click every citation. 1. [Khanmigo](https://www.khanmigo.ai/parents) (Khan Academy, About $4/month or $44/year (Oct 2026), ages Teens via a parent account). A tutor built for students that will not do the assignment for them. Strong for math, science and essay feedback, and parents can see the chats. Watch for: The parent plan is only offered in the US. 2. [NotebookLM](https://notebooklm.google.com) (Google, Free, ages 13+ (all ages via school)). Upload the class reading, slides or notes, and it answers only from those sources with citations. It can make study guides, quizzes and audio overviews. Stricter content rules apply under 18. 3. [ChatGPT study mode](https://chatgpt.com) (OpenAI, Free; paid tiers, ages 13+; parent consent under 18). Asks what your teen already knows, then guides with questions and quick checks. Teen accounts get extra protections and parents can link to set quiet hours. Watch for: Easy to turn off. Common Sense Media's Oct 2026 report found some teen guardrails fell short. 4. [Gemini Guided Learning](https://gemini.google.com) (Google, Free; paid tiers, ages 13+). Breaks a topic into steps, adds diagrams and videos, and quizzes as it goes. Google says it does not train on chats from school accounts. 5. [Microsoft Copilot](https://copilot.microsoft.com) (Microsoft, Free; paid tiers, ages 13+). A general assistant that can explain, summarize and quiz. Minimum age is 13, higher in some countries. Ask it to quiz you on your notes instead of writing answers. Watch for: Not built as a tutor; ask it to quiz you, not to write for you. 6. [Khan Academy](https://www.khanacademy.org) (Khan Academy, Free, ages All grades). Free lessons and practice in nearly every high school subject. The reliable place to go after an AI explanation that did not quite land. No ads. 7. [Desmos](https://www.desmos.com) (Desmos, Free, ages Middle and high school). Free graphing and scientific calculators. Seeing a function move teaches more than any typed explanation. The same calculator is built into the digital SAT, so practicing with it pays off on test day. 8. [Wolfram Alpha](https://www.wolframalpha.com) (Wolfram Research, Free; Pro for Students about $9.99/month (Oct 2026), ages High school). Reliable computation for math, chemistry and physics. Use it to check a result, not to skip the work. Step-by-step solutions need the paid student plan. 9. [Grammarly](https://www.grammarly.com) (Grammarly, Free; paid tiers, ages 13+ (16+ in the EU)). Flags grammar and clarity problems and explains why. Its AI can also rewrite whole paragraphs, which many schools count as cheating. Use the explanations to learn the rule. Watch for: Check your school's AI policy before using rewrite features. 10. [Photomath](https://photomath.com) (Google, Free; Plus about $9.99/month (Oct 2026), ages Middle and high school). Shows step-by-step solutions to photographed math problems. Helpful for checking work and seeing where a mistake happened. Try the problem first, then compare each step to your own work. Watch for: Answers first by design. Try before you scan. 11. [Quizlet](https://quizlet.com) (Quizlet, Free with ads; Plus subscription, ages Teens). Flashcards, practice tests and AI study guides made from notes. Its Q-Chat tutor was discontinued in June 2025. Its library of student-made sets covers most high school courses. 12. [Brainly](https://brainly.com) (Brainly, Free with ads; paid plans, ages 13+). Community answers plus an AI tutor that explains steps and takes follow-up questions. Quality varies. Treat community answers as a hint, not a source, and check them against the textbook. Watch for: Easy to copy. Verify answers. 13. [Google Lens](https://lens.google/) (Google, Free, ages 13+ on own Google account). Point the camera at a homework question to get explanations and related lessons. Lens took over the old Socratic app's job in 2025. Free on most phones. Watch for: Leans toward answers. Better for checking than starting. 14. [Gauth](https://www.gauthmath.com) (ByteDance). One of the most downloaded homework apps. It photographs and solves fast. Listed so you recognize it, not as a pick. Know the name and talk about it. Watch for: Owned by TikTok's parent company; answer-first; accuracy complaints. We would skip it. ### 13 AI language-learning apps for kids and teens AI sites and apps. Speaking is the hard part of learning a language, and it is where AI helps most: speech recognition that hears a child's voice, and chat partners who never get tired of the same question. For little kids, look for games with listening and repeating, not chatbots. For teens, AI conversation practice is a real upgrade, but many of those apps are 13+. A human teacher, a library card, or a grandparent who speaks the language still beats any app. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/ai-language-learning-apps-for-kids Good to know: Many AI conversation apps are 13+ by their terms. For younger kids, choose games built for their age. Speech recognition can misjudge young voices and accents. Praise effort, not the score. Streaks and leaderboards can turn into stress. Turn off notifications if they nag. Check your library card first: Mango Languages and others are often free. 1. [Duolingo](https://www.duolingo.com) (Duolingo, Free with ads; paid tiers, ages 13+ standard account; check terms for under-13). Short daily lessons in dozens of languages that adjust to your child's mistakes. Paid tiers add AI role-play and video calls with a character. Free is enough for most kids. Watch for: Streaks and leaderboards push daily use hard. 2. [Google Translate Practice](https://translate.google.com) (Google, Free, ages Teens; younger with a parent). A free practice mode in the Translate app that builds listening and speaking scenarios at your level and tracks words learned. Started with Spanish and French. Watch for: Still in beta; few languages so far. 3. [Lingokids](https://lingokids.com) (Lingokids, Free (3 activities/day); about $14.99/month (Oct 2026), ages 2-8). English for preschoolers through games, songs and videos, with a parent area for progress. Built for little kids, not adults. Activities are short and screen-time friendly. Watch for: Free version is very limited. 4. [Studycat](https://studycat.com/blog/the-popular-childrens-spanish-language-app-that-makes-learning-a-game/) (Studycat, About $59.99/year (Oct 2026), ages About 3-8). Spanish and English games for young kids, with VoicePlay speaking games that react as children say words aloud. Studycat says VoicePlay does not use AI. 5. [Rosetta Stone](https://blog.rosettastone.com/truaccent-learning-with-rosetta-stone/) (Rosetta Stone, Subscription, ages 8+ with a parent). Immersion lessons with TruAccent speech recognition, which has a special setting for children's voices. Good for a family learning together. Everything is taught in the new language from the start. 6. [Mango Languages](https://mangolanguages.com) (Mango Languages, Often free through your library, ages Kids with a parent; teens solo). Conversation-based lessons in many languages, with recording to compare pronunciation. Free with a library card at many public libraries. Ask your library for the login. 7. [Babbel](https://www.babbel.com) (Babbel, Subscription, ages Teens). Structured lessons with AI speaking practice, including Babbel Speak scenarios with live feedback, in Spanish, French, German, Italian and more. Lessons are short and well organized for a teen with a school class. 8. [Speak](https://www.speak.com) (Speakeasy Labs, Subscription, ages 13+ per the App Store; check terms). An AI tutor built around speaking out loud from the first lesson. Strong for a teen who wants to talk, not tap. Started with English, now offers more languages. 9. [Praktika](https://praktika.ai) (Praktika, Subscription, ages 13+). AI avatar tutors for conversation practice, mostly English. Praktika says it is for users 13+, with parent permission below that. Avatars make practice feel less awkward for shy teens. 10. [NovaPals by Novakid](https://www.novakidenglish.com/) (Novakid, ages Kids learning English). Novakid, an online English school for children, added NovaPals in 2026 for AI speaking practice between live lessons with teachers. Practice ties to what kids learned in class. Watch for: Tied to a paid live-lesson service; check pricing. 11. [Gemini Live](https://gemini.google.com) (Google, Free, ages 13+). Teens can hold a spoken conversation in the language they are learning and ask for corrections. Free on Android and iPhone. Good practice before an oral exam. Watch for: General chatbot; set the rules first (stay in Spanish, correct me). 12. [Memrise](https://www.memrise.com) (Memrise, Free tier; subscription, ages Teens). Vocabulary built from clips of real native speakers, plus AI conversation practice. A good pair with a school class. Hearing real people, not only computer voices, helps with accents. 13. [Gus on the Go](https://www.gusonthego.com) (Gus on the Go, Paid app; free lite version, ages 4-6). No AI here: a gentle vocabulary app for preschoolers with an owl guide, and no ads or tracking. Listed for parents who want the quiet option. ### 14 AI tools that help kids with learning differences AI sites and apps. For kids with dyslexia, ADHD, low vision or other learning differences, AI is often less about novelty and more about access: text read aloud, a big task cut into small steps, a photo described out loud. Many of the best tools are free and already built into the devices you own. This list covers reading support, focus and planning, and vision tools. None of them replace an evaluation or an IEP or 504 plan, but they can make homework night less of a fight. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/ai-tools-for-learning-differences Good to know: These tools support learning; they do not diagnose. Talk to your school about an evaluation if you are worried. Ask for assistive tech in your child's IEP or 504 plan so it is free and allowed in class. Text-to-speech often means sending text to a company's servers. Avoid uploading private documents. Try one tool at a time for a couple of weeks before adding another. 1. [Immersive Reader](https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/education/learning-tools) (Microsoft, Free, ages All ages). Reads text aloud with word highlighting, adjusts spacing and fonts, splits syllables and marks parts of speech. Built into Edge, Word, OneNote and Teams. Works on most school devices. 2. [Microsoft Reading Coach](https://coach.microsoft.com) (Microsoft, Free, ages About 6-13). Gentle read-aloud practice with stories at your child's level, then extra practice on the exact words that were hard. Low-pressure for struggling readers. No pressure. 3. [Read Along by Google](https://readalong.google.com) (Google, Free, ages About 5-10). A reading buddy that listens and helps on hard words, offline and without ads. Patient in a way that busy evenings sometimes are not. Free. 4. [Bookshare](https://www.bookshare.org) (Benetech, Free for qualifying US students, ages Pre-K through college). A huge library of accessible ebooks with read-aloud, braille and large-print options. Free for US students with a qualifying print disability, such as dyslexia. Many schools sign up. Watch for: A qualified professional must confirm the disability. 5. [Learning Ally](https://learningally.org) (Learning Ally, School or family membership, ages Grade school to high school). Human-read audiobooks, including school textbooks, with text highlighting. Often provided by schools for students with dyslexia. Human narration can be easier to follow than computer voices, and many titles match the books assigned in class. 6. [Read&Write](https://www.texthelp.com/products/read-and-write-education/) (Everway (formerly Texthelp), Free for teachers; school licenses, ages All grades). A toolbar with text-to-speech, word prediction, a phonetic spell checker and picture dictionary. Free premium for K-12 teachers; students usually get it through school. Ask for it. 7. [Speechify](https://speechify.com) (Speechify, Free tier; Premium about $139/year (Oct 2026), ages 10+). Turns documents, web pages and photos of print into natural-sounding audio. Founded by someone with dyslexia, and widely used by students who listen better than they read. Watch for: Frequent prompts to upgrade to the paid plan. 8. [NaturalReader](https://www.naturalreaders.com) (NaturalSoft, Free tier; paid plans, ages 10+). Text-to-speech for documents and web pages with a usable free tier. A simpler, cheaper option than Speechify. It works in the browser, and the free voices are good enough for daily homework reading. 9. [Goblin Tools](https://goblin.tools) (Goblin Tools, Free on the web; small one-time fee for apps, ages 10+ (younger with a parent)). Free, simple AI helpers made for neurodivergent people. Magic ToDo splits a task like "clean room" into small steps, with a spiciness dial for how much detail. 10. [Tiimo](https://www.tiimoapp.com) (Tiimo, Free tier; Pro about $7.99/month (Oct 2026), ages Teens and up). A visual day planner with timers and an AI co-planner that turns plans into a visual schedule. Popular with ADHD and autistic teens. Visual timers help. 11. [Apple accessibility features](https://www.apple.com/accessibility/) (Apple, Free with the device, ages All ages). Speak Screen, Live Speech, Background Sounds and Assistive Access are built into iPhone and iPad at no cost. Worth ten minutes in Settings. No downloads. 12. [Seeing AI](https://www.seeingai.com) (Microsoft, Free, ages All ages with a parent). Describes scenes, reads printed and handwritten text, identifies money and more, out loud. Made for people who are blind or have low vision. Free on iPhone and Android. 13. [Be My Eyes](https://www.bemyeyes.com) (Be My Eyes, Free, ages Check current age terms). Connects people who are blind or have low vision with volunteers by video, and offers Be My AI for picture descriptions. Volunteers are available around the clock in many languages. 14. [Google Lens](https://lens.google/) (Google, Free, ages All ages with a grown-up). Take a photo of a worksheet or sign and have it read aloud, translated or copied as text. Useful for a quick read-aloud when nothing else is set up. ### 11 "kid-safe" AI chatbots and assistants, and what kid-safe really means for each AI sites and apps. "Kid-safe" is not a standard. For one product it means a parent can read every chat; for another it means the bot refuses some topics; for a third it only means the terms say 13+. In 2026 the big lesson was that guardrails leak: Common Sense Media rated Meta AI "unacceptable" for teens, called ChatGPT for teens an unacceptable risk in October, and Character.AI ended open-ended chats for under-18s. This list explains what each option actually does, so you can choose with open eyes. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/kid-safe-ai-chatbots-explained Good to know: Common Sense Media's guidance: no AI chatbots for kids 5 and under, caregiver-supported use for 6-12, supervised use from 13. No chatbot should be a child's friend or therapist. Talk about this directly. Ask: can I see the chats, can I turn it off, does it train on my child's data? Teach kids never to share full names, addresses, school names or photos with a bot. Rules changed fast in 2026. Recheck settings every few months. 1. [PinwheelGPT](https://pinwheel.com/gpt) (Pinwheel, Free up to 20 chats/month; about $5.99/month unlimited (Oct 2026), ages Kids and tweens with a parent account). Kid-safe here means filtered answers built for kids plus a parent dashboard showing every conversation. The most supervised option we found. It uses OpenAI models underneath. 2. [Khanmigo](https://www.khanmigo.ai/parents) (Khan Academy, About $4/month or $44/year (Oct 2026), ages Kids and teens via a parent account). Kid-safe means focused on schoolwork, parents can read chat history, and it flags worrying messages. It is a tutor, not a friend. Strong safety design. 3. [Kidgeni](https://kidgeni.com) (Kidgeni, Free tier; paid plans, ages 5-12). Mostly an art studio, but kids can ask questions about the world. Answers draw on curated kid-safe sources, and sensitive topics are flagged to talk about together. 4. [Gemini via Family Link](https://families.google/familylink/) (Google, Free, ages Under 13 with Family Link; 13+ on own account). Kids under 13 can use Gemini only through a parent-managed Family Link account. Google says it does not train on their data, and parents can turn it off. Watch for: Common Sense Media rates Gemini for under-13s as high risk. Parents do not see chats. 5. [ChatGPT with parental controls](https://chatgpt.com) (OpenAI, Free; paid tiers, ages 13+; parent consent under 18). Teen accounts get stricter content rules; age prediction can switch them on. Linked parents can turn off memory, set quiet hours and get distress alerts, but cannot read chats. Watch for: No sign-in is needed to ask questions. Common Sense's Oct 2026 report urged limiting it to adults. 6. [Microsoft Copilot](https://support.microsoft.com/en-US/microsoft-copilot/microsoft-copilot-age-limits-and-parental-controls) (Microsoft, Free; paid tiers, ages 13+). Kid-safe here means a 13+ minimum age (higher in some countries) and extra limits on experimental features. Not designed for children. Parents get no chat view. 7. [Snapchat My AI](https://help.snapchat.com/hc/en-us/articles/13266788358932) (Snap, Free, ages 13+). A chatbot pinned inside Snapchat. Through Family Center, parents can stop My AI from replying to their teen, but cannot see private chats. Parents can see time spent. Watch for: Lives inside a social app; your teen must accept Family Center. 8. [Meta AI](https://about.fb.com/news/2025/10/teen-ai-safety-approach/) (Meta, Free, ages 13+). Built into Instagram, WhatsApp and Facebook. Meta paused teen access to its AI characters in January 2026 while it built parental controls; the assistant itself stayed on. Watch for: Common Sense Media rates Meta AI unacceptable for teens. 9. [Character.AI](https://character.ai) (Character.AI, ages 13+ by terms; no open chat under 18). Since November 2025, users under 18 cannot have open-ended chats with characters, after lawsuits involving teens. Age checks use behavior signals and ID checks. Teens are pushed to story tools. Watch for: Companion-style bots are the riskiest kind for kids. We would avoid it. 10. [Claude](https://claude.ai) (Anthropic, Free; paid tiers, ages 18+). Kid-safe here simply means not for kids: consumer Claude accounts are for adults 18 and older. Fine for parents preparing lessons. Teens should not sign up. 11. [Grok](https://grok.com) (xAI, ages Check current terms). Listed as a warning. Common Sense Media published a 2026 review calling the Grok chatbot not safe for teens. It is built into X, where many teens already scroll. Watch for: Has companion characters and loose filters. Keep kids off it. ### 14 AI study tools for high schoolers (flashcards, NotebookLM, quizzes) AI sites and apps. Studying is where AI quietly shines for teens: turning a messy pile of notes into flashcards, quizzing on the actual reading, or building a practice test the night before. The catch is that making study materials is part of studying. A teen who lets AI make every card skips some of the learning. Use these tools to save the busywork, then do the remembering yourself. We list the free and school-friendly picks first, and point out where ads, limits and accuracy slip. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/ai-study-tools-for-high-schoolers Good to know: Making your own flashcards is part of learning. Let AI draft, then edit them yourself. AI-made cards and quizzes contain errors. Check them against the textbook. Free study apps often show ads and track usage. School-provided tools usually protect data better. Uploading a teacher's materials to an AI tool may break class rules. Ask first. 1. [NotebookLM](https://notebooklm.google.com) (Google, Free, ages 13+ (all ages via school)). Upload notes, slides, PDFs or video links and it answers only from them, with citations. Makes study guides, flashcards, quizzes and audio overviews. Stricter rules apply under 18. 2. [Official Digital SAT Prep on Khan Academy](https://www.khanacademy.org/digital-sat) (Khan Academy and College Board, Free, ages High school). Free, official SAT practice built with the test's makers. After a practice test, a link sends your teen to lessons on exactly what they missed. 3. [Bluebook](https://bluebook.collegeboard.org) (College Board, Free, ages High school). The official app for the digital SAT and PSAT, with free full-length practice tests in the same format as test day. Take one timed test early, then again a week before the real one. 4. [Quizlet](https://quizlet.com) (Quizlet, Free with ads; Plus subscription, ages Teens). Flashcards, games and practice tests, with AI that builds study sets from notes. Huge library of sets made by other students. Make your own sets when you can. Watch for: Q-Chat tutor ended in June 2025; student-made sets can contain errors. 5. [Knowt](https://knowt.com) (Knowt, Free with ads; paid tiers, ages Teens). A free-leaning Quizlet alternative: AI makes flashcards and quizzes from notes, PDFs or lecture videos, and it imports Quizlet sets. Many of its features are free to use. Watch for: Skim AI cards before a big test; some definitions come out wrong. 6. [Gizmo](https://gizmo.ai) (Gizmo, Free with daily limits; paid plans, ages Teens). Turns PDFs, videos and notes into flashcards and quizzes with spaced repetition and a game-style lives system. Over a million public decks. Works on phones for quick review. 7. [Anki](https://apps.ankiweb.net) (Anki, Free (paid iPhone app), ages High school). No AI, but the gold standard for spaced repetition, loved by medical students. Free on computers and Android; the iPhone app is paid. Takes setup. 8. [Brainscape](https://www.brainscape.com) (Brainscape, Free tier; Pro subscription, ages High school). Flashcards with confidence-based repetition: rate how well you knew it, and it shows weaker cards more often. Clean and simple. Good for vocabulary and dates. 9. [ChatGPT study mode](https://chatgpt.com) (OpenAI, Free; paid tiers, ages 13+; parent consent under 18). Ask it to quiz you on a chapter and it asks one question at a time, checks your answer and explains what you missed. Paste in your own notes so it quizzes on what your class covered. Watch for: Can invent facts. Quiz from your own notes when possible. 10. [Gemini Guided Learning](https://gemini.google.com) (Google, Free; paid tiers, ages 13+). Step-by-step explanations with built-in quizzes, images and videos. Pairs well with NotebookLM. Ask it to quiz you one question at a time and to wait for your answer before explaining the right one. 11. [Learn Your Way](https://learnyourway.withgoogle.com) (Google Labs, Free, ages Check current terms). An experiment that turns a textbook chapter into an interactive text, narrated slides, an audio lesson and a mind map, adjusted to grade level and interests. Watch for: An experiment; features and availability change. 12. [Learn About](https://learning.google.com/experiments/learn-about) (Google, Free, ages Check current terms). Type a topic and it builds a short interactive lesson with pictures, vocabulary and check-yourself questions. Good for a quick primer before class. Then read the real source. Watch for: An experiment; you must sign up first. 13. [Desmos](https://www.desmos.com) (Desmos, Free, ages Middle and high school). Free graphing, scientific and test-style calculators. Many state tests and the SAT use a Desmos calculator, so practice with it. Learn its shortcuts well before test day. 14. [Wolfram Alpha](https://www.wolframalpha.com) (Wolfram Research, Free; Pro for Students about $9.99/month (Oct 2026), ages High school). Checks math, chemistry and physics answers and shows plots. Step-by-step solutions need the paid student plan. Use it to check a finished problem set, not to fill it in, and look at the plots to see why an answer makes sense. ### 13 AI science and nature apps for curious kids AI sites and apps. These are some of the most wholesome uses of AI we know: a phone that names the bird singing in the yard, the weed in the sidewalk crack, or the bright dot over the roofline. They get kids outside and asking questions. Several come from universities and research groups and cost nothing. Others are commercial and lean hard on subscriptions. Watch for location data, since many of these apps record where a photo was taken, and some share sightings publicly. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/ai-science-and-nature-apps Good to know: Many nature apps save where a photo was taken. Blur or hide location for kids' accounts. Public observation sites show finds to the world. Keep faces and home details out of photos. AI IDs are good but not perfect. Never eat a plant or mushroom based on an app. Free trials on commercial ID apps often renew yearly. Set a reminder. 1. [Seek by iNaturalist](https://www.inaturalist.org/pages/seek_app) (iNaturalist, Free, ages All ages). Live camera identification of plants, animals and fungi, with badges and challenges. No account and no data collection by default, so it is the best pick for young kids. 2. [Merlin Bird ID](https://merlin.allaboutbirds.org) (Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Free, ages All ages). Sound ID names birds singing nearby, on the phone and without a signal. Photo ID and a quick questions wizard cover the rest. 2026 updates added many more species worldwide. 3. [iNaturalist](https://www.inaturalist.org) (iNaturalist, Free, ages 13+, or younger with a parent's permission). Post observations, get help from AI and real naturalists, and add to science. Great for a teen who wants their finds to count. Experts confirm IDs. Watch for: Observations are public; location can be blurred in settings. 4. [BirdNET](https://birdnet.cornell.edu) (Cornell Lab and Chemnitz University of Technology, Free, ages All ages). A research app that identifies birds from recorded songs. A good second opinion next to Merlin. It is free, made by researchers, and every recording you share can help scientists track birds. 5. [Pl@ntNet](https://plantnet.org) (Pl@ntNet consortium, Free, ages All ages). Photograph a leaf or flower and get likely matches from a research database. Built by French research institutes and powered by citizen science. Best for wild plants. Watch for: Shared photos go to a public science database. 6. [eBird](https://ebird.org) (Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Free, ages Families). Log the birds you see and your lists join a global science dataset. Pairs with Merlin for families who want to keep a record. Great for a summer project. 7. [Google Lens](https://lens.google/) (Google, Free, ages All ages with a grown-up). Point the camera at a rock, bug, plant or landmark and search what it might be. Broad, quick and usually good enough to start a conversation. Watch for: Images go to Google; results are search guesses, not expert IDs. 8. [Sky Guide](https://www.fifthstarlabs.com) (Fifth Star Labs, Free download; paid upgrades, ages All ages). Hold up an iPhone or iPad and see the stars, planets and satellites in that spot, with alerts for sky events. Beautiful and easy for kids. Watch for: Apple devices only; subscriptions inside. 9. [SkyView](https://www.terminaleleven.com/skyview/) (Terminal Eleven, About $2.99 (Oct 2026), ages All ages). Augmented-reality stargazing: aim the camera at the sky to label constellations, planets and the space station. It works offline, so it is handy on a camping trip far from cell service. 10. [Star Walk 2](https://starwalk.space) (Vito Technology, Free with ads; paid upgrades, ages All ages). Point-and-see sky map with 3D models of planets and constellations. Popular on both iPhone and Android. Kids like the 3D planets, and the time slider shows how the sky moves through the night. Watch for: Ads and in-app purchases in the free version. 11. [Stellarium Web](https://stellarium-web.org) (Stellarium, Free, ages All ages). A free planetarium in the browser. No AI, no account, no ads. Good for planning a night of stargazing. Use it to check what will be up tonight. 12. [Teachable Machine](https://teachablemachine.withgoogle.com) (Google, Free, ages 8+). Turn a backyard into a science project: train a model to tell your own leaves or rocks apart, then test where it fails. A real science fair idea. 13. [PictureThis](https://www.picturethisai.com) (Glority, About $29.99/year after trial (Oct 2026), ages Teens and adults). Accurate plant identification with care tips. Listed with a warning: the free trial turns into a paid subscription unless canceled, and parents report billing surprises. Watch for: Cancel the trial inside the App Store or Play Store if you do not want it. ### 17 free AI tools a family can try this weekend AI sites and apps. No sign-ups, no credit cards, no subscriptions: this is a weekend's worth of free AI for the whole family. Most run in a web browser and need no account. Each item has a few steps so you can start in five minutes. The point is to play with AI together and talk about it as you go: How did it know that? Where did it get it wrong? What would you train it on? That conversation is the best AI lesson a child can get. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/free-ai-tools-family-weekend Good to know: Use a parent's account for anything that needs a sign-in, and stay in the room. Webcam and mic tools run in the browser. Close the tab when you are done. Talk about mistakes. Seeing AI get things wrong is part of the lesson. "Free" can still mean data. Prefer tools with no account. 1. [Quick, Draw!](https://quickdraw.withgoogle.com) (Google, ages 5+). Draw a word in 20 seconds while a neural network races to guess it. Guaranteed laughs and a good talk about how AI learns from millions of drawings. Watch for: Drawings join a public dataset. 2. [AutoDraw](https://www.autodraw.com) (Google, ages 5+). Scribble a shape and AutoDraw offers clean drawings that match. Kids can make a poster or card in minutes. No account and nothing to install. 3. [Animated Drawings](https://sketch.metademolab.com) (Meta AI Research, ages All ages (grown-up uploads)). Photograph your child's drawing of a person or creature and watch it dance, run or jump. It takes about five minutes and works best with a simple figure on white paper. Watch for: Read the research-use consent choice first. 4. [Blob Opera](https://experiments.withgoogle.com/blob-opera) (David Li with Google Arts & Culture, ages All ages). Four blobs sing in harmony as you drag them. Record a song and share it with grandparents. No account, nothing to install, and it works on most computers. 5. [Semi-Conductor](https://experiments.withgoogle.com/semi-conductor) (Google Creative Lab, ages 5+). Conduct an orchestra with your arms using the webcam. Good for wiggly kids. It uses a pose model in the browser, so kids see AI follow their body in real time. Watch for: Uses the webcam while you play. 6. [AI Duet](https://experiments.withgoogle.com/ai-duet) (Google Creative Lab, ages 5+). Play a few notes and the computer plays back an answer. Try sad notes, then happy ones. Works with a mouse, a computer keyboard or a real MIDI keyboard. 7. [Teachable Machine](https://teachablemachine.withgoogle.com) (Google, ages 8+). Train your own AI to tell thumbs-up from thumbs-down, or the dog from the cat, in ten minutes. Then try to trick it with a new object. 8. [Machine Learning for Kids](https://machinelearningforkids.co.uk) (Dale Lane, ages 10+). Train a model, then use it in a Scratch game. Pick a starter project and follow the worksheet. Each project comes with a printable worksheet a parent can follow too. 9. [Hour of AI](https://hourofai.org) (Code.org and CSforALL, ages 5-18). One-hour AI activities, like choreographing a dance party with AI. Free and self-guided. Pick by age. Activities need no coding or AI experience, and many work on a tablet as well as a laptop. 10. [Seek by iNaturalist](https://www.inaturalist.org/pages/seek_app) (iNaturalist, ages All ages). Take the phone outside and see how many species you can find in an hour. No account needed. Badges and monthly challenges keep kids looking. 11. [Merlin Bird ID](https://merlin.allaboutbirds.org) (Cornell Lab of Ornithology, ages All ages). Sit quietly outside for ten minutes and let Merlin name the birds you hear. It works offline, and it is surprising how many birds live on an ordinary street. 12. [Read Along by Google](https://readalong.google.com) (Google, ages About 5-10). A reading buddy for kids learning to read. Ten minutes of reading aloud, with stars at the end. No ads, and it works offline once stories are downloaded. 13. [Microsoft Reading Coach](https://coach.microsoft.com) (Microsoft, ages About 6-13). Your child picks a hero and setting, AI writes a short story, and they read it aloud with coaching. It makes a quick, fresh bedtime story every night. Watch for: Needs a free Microsoft account to sign in. 14. [Gemini Storybook](https://gemini.google.com) (Google, ages Parent-run). On a parent's account, turn your child's idea or drawing into a 10-page illustrated book, read aloud. Print it as a PDF for the fridge or grandparents. Watch for: Preview the pictures first; it is an experiment. 15. [Google Translate Practice](https://translate.google.com) (Google, ages Teens; younger with a parent). Try a quick speaking scenario in Spanish or French, like ordering at a cafe, as a family. A low-stakes way to hear a language together. 16. [Day of AI family resources](https://dayofai.org/family-resources) (Day of AI, ages 4-18). A short "What is AI" lesson for families, plus one-page guides in several languages. Made by MIT researchers and free to share, it is a good way to start a family talk about AI. 17. [Brickit](https://brickit.app) (Brickit, ages 6+). Dump out the LEGO bin, scan it, and build something new from the suggestions. The free scan is enough for a weekend. Hunting for the right pieces in the photo is half the fun. Watch for: Ignore the Pro upsell unless you want it. ### 15 AI gifts for kids under $50 (Christmas 2026) Gifts and gear. Real AI toys rarely cost under $50, and the cheap "AI plush" flooding online marketplaces is the part of the aisle we trust least. The good news: the best way to understand AI is to build a tiny piece of it, and the tools for that are cheap. This list leans on small boards, kits, games and books that show kids how machines sense, sort and learn, plus a few free tools that turn a $20 gift into a weekend project. A good pick teaches something real, works without a subscription, and does not hand a young child an open chatbot. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/ai-gifts-for-kids-under-50-christmas-2026 Good to know: Skip cheap no-name "AI plush" toys. In 2025 tests, NBC News found one top marketplace result explained how to light matches. Read the box for "Wi-Fi required" and "app required". Those toys stop working if the company shuts its servers. Free AI tools still need a grown-up account. Set them up on your device, not your child's. Most chatbots (ChatGPT, Gemini, Claude) have age rules in their terms. A gift should not be a back door around them. Starter boards need extras: batteries, cables, sometimes a laptop. Check before wrapping. 1. [BBC micro:bit (Go bundle) + micro:bit CreateAI](https://microbit.org/) (Micro:bit Educational Foundation, about $20 (Oct 2026), ages 8-14). A pocket-size computer with a motion sensor, mic and lights. Pair it with the free CreateAI tool and kids record their own movements, train a model, and watch it recognize a wave or a jump. Watch for: CreateAI runs in a browser on a laptop; it does not work from a phone alone. 2. [Smart Fox: Robots & AI](https://thamesandkosmos.com/products/smart-fox-robots-ai) (Thames & Kosmos, about $15 (Oct 2026), ages 7-12). A jump-around nonfiction book about robots and AI, from early automatons to today's machines. Short sections invite a parent and child to read a page, stop, and argue about what counts as a thinking machine. 3. [Potato Pirates: The Original](https://potatopirates.game/products/potato-pirates-coding-card-game) (Codomo, about $50 (Oct 2026), ages 7+). A card game where loops, conditions and variables are the weapons. Kids learn how computers follow instructions while trying to sink each other's potato ships. 4. [Sphero Mini](https://sphero.com/products/sphero-mini) (Sphero, $50 (Oct 2026), ages 8+). A ping-pong-ball robot you drive and then program with drawing, blocks or JavaScript in the free Sphero Edu app. A cheap start on the same app schools use. Watch for: Needs a phone or tablet. Small enough to roll under the couch and stay there. 5. [Kids First Robot Engineer](https://thamesandkosmos.com/products/robot-engineer-box-version) (Thames & Kosmos, about $40 (Oct 2026), ages 5-8). A storybook plus 53 parts: kids follow two characters through an automated candy factory and build the non-motorized robot models from the story. Robots as gears and levers, before code. 6. [ReBotz robot kits](https://thamesandkosmos.com/products/scootz-the-cranky-crawling-robot) (Thames & Kosmos, about $12 each (Oct 2026), ages 8+). Small motorized robots (Scootz, Pogo, Knox, Halfpipe) a kid can build in an afternoon. They show cranks, cams and motors, the bodies that AI later drives. 7. [Adafruit Circuit Playground Express](https://www.adafruit.com/product/3333) (Adafruit, about $25 (Oct 2026), ages 9+). A round board covered in lights, buttons and sensors, coded with Microsoft MakeCode blocks or Python. It is a natural second board after the micro:bit, with room for wearable, sound and light projects. Watch for: Needs a computer and a USB cable. 8. [Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W](https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/raspberry-pi-zero-2-w/) (Raspberry Pi, $15 (Oct 2026), ages 12+). A tiny Linux computer for a teen who wants to tinker, run Python, or build a camera project later. Cheap enough to break and try again. Watch for: Board only. You still need a power supply, microSD card and cables. 9. [Petoi AI Vision Camera Module](https://www.petoi.com/products/petoi-ai-vision-module-for-arduino) (Petoi, $39 (Oct 2026), ages 13+). A small camera module that adds object and face recognition to Arduino projects and Petoi's robot pets. A smart add-on for a teen who already builds. Watch for: Only useful with an Arduino or a Petoi robot. Not a standalone toy. 10. [Hello Ruby: Adventures in Coding](https://www.helloruby.com/books) (Linda Liukas, ages 4-8). A picture book about a girl who thinks like a programmer, with unplugged activities at the back. It teaches the thinking behind code, which is also the thinking behind AI. 11. [How to Code a Sandcastle](https://www.joshfunkbooks.com/) (Josh Funk, ages 4-8). A girl and her robot, Rover, build a sandcastle with sequences, loops and if-then rules. A funny read-aloud that sneaks in the basics of instructions. 12. [You Look Like a Thing and I Love You](https://www.janelleshane.com/) (Janelle Shane, ages 12+). A very funny book about how AI actually works and fails, from an optics researcher who runs the AI Weirdness blog. Great for teens who think AI is magic. 13. [Discovery Crew Pocket Tonies (for Toniebox homes)](https://us.tonies.com/products/discovery-crew-pocket-tonies) (tonies with the Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History, about $25 (Oct 2026), ages 3-7). Four small science figures made with the Smithsonian's natural history museum that play audio on a Toniebox. A screen-free way to feed curiosity for kids who already own the speaker, and an easy add-on gift. Watch for: Only works with a Toniebox. 14. [Teachable Machine (free)](https://teachablemachine.withgoogle.com/) (Google, Free, ages 8+ with a parent). Train an image, sound or pose model in the browser in minutes, with no code. Wrap a webcam and a printed card that says "Let's teach a computer to tell our cat from our dog." Watch for: Use a parent's computer. Keep faces of other kids out of training photos. 15. [Machine Learning for Kids (free)](https://machinelearningforkids.co.uk/) (Dale Lane, Free, ages 9+). Kids collect examples, train a model and then use it inside their own Scratch games. Because they built the training data, they can see exactly why the model gets things right or wrong. Pairs with any coding gift here. Watch for: Some projects need a teacher or parent account; check the setup guide. ### 14 AI and tech gifts for kids under $100 (Christmas 2026) Gifts and gear. Under $100 is where kid tech gets good: real robots, a real AI camera, a screen-free digital camera, and kits that teach machine learning instead of just talking at your child. This list spans preschool to teens. We favored gifts that do something on their own, keep working without a subscription, and leave room to make things. Where a gift has a microphone, a camera or an app, we say so, because those details matter more than the price tag when the toy will sit in a child's bedroom. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/ai-and-tech-gifts-for-kids-under-100-christmas-2026 Good to know: Anything with a camera or microphone belongs in a shared room, not a bedroom, for younger kids. Check whether the toy needs Wi-Fi and a company server. If the company folds, the toy may stop working, as Moxie did in 2025. Subscriptions hide in plain sight: Kids+, Yoto Club and Miko Max all renew unless you cancel. Robots and boards often need a phone, tablet or laptop. Count that in the real price. Starting Jan. 1, 2027, California bars selling toys with companion chatbots for kids under 16, so expect some products to change or vanish. 1. [KAI: The Artificial Intelligence Robot](https://thamesandkosmos.com/products/kai-the-artificial-intelligence-robot) (Thames & Kosmos, about $100 (Oct 2026), ages 10+ (12+ working alone)). Kids build a six-legged robot and teach it to react to their gestures and sounds. It is a hands-on lesson in what machine learning means. Watch for: Needs a phone or tablet app. 2. [Raspberry Pi AI Camera](https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/ai-camera/) (Raspberry Pi, $70 (Oct 2026), ages 13+). A camera with Sony's vision chip that runs neural networks right on the module. Teens can try object detection, like counting birds at a feeder, without sending video to anyone's cloud. Watch for: Works with any Raspberry Pi, but you need one, plus power and a card. 3. [HUSKYLENS 2](https://www.dfrobot.com/product-2995.html) (DFRobot, about $90 (Oct 2026), ages 12+). An AI vision sensor with more than 20 built-in models for faces, objects and tracking that plugs into micro:bit or Arduino. Teens can also train their own models, which is where the real learning starts. Watch for: Pitched at intermediate makers. Younger kids will need help. 4. [Tale-Bot Pro](https://shop.matatastudio.com/products/matatastudio-tale-bot-pro) (MatataStudio, about $100 (Oct 2026), ages Pre-K+). A screen-free coding robot for the youngest: kids press arrow buttons on its back to program a path across story maps. It turns planning ahead, the core of programming, into a game a preschooler can win. 5. [Code & Go Robot Mouse Activity Set (rechargeable)](https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0D5F323H4) (Learning Resources, about $90 (Oct 2026), ages 5-7). Kids snap together a maze, then program a mouse with buttons on its back to reach the cheese. It is screen-free sequencing that early-grade teachers have used for years, now in a rechargeable version. Watch for: Store page shown; the maker's site blocked our checks. 6. [Camp Snap 2](https://www.campsnapphoto.com/products/camp-snap-2) (Camp Snap, $70 (Oct 2026), ages 6+). A digital camera with no screen: kids shoot, then see the photos later, like film. It encourages slowing down and framing a shot, and it is real photography without a feed or an app in the way. 7. [3Doodler Start+ Essentials](https://the3doodler.com/products/3doodler-start-essentials-3d-pen-set) (3Doodler, $60 (Oct 2026), ages 6+). A kid-safe 3D pen that uses low-temperature plastic, so kids can draw in the air and build small models. It is a first taste of 3D design that does not need a computer or a printer. 8. [Makey Makey Classic](https://makeymakey.com/products/makey-makey-kit) (Makey Makey, about $52 (Oct 2026), ages 8+). Clip it to bananas, Play-Doh or a pencil drawing and turn them into keyboard keys for music and games. It is a loud, joyful lesson in circuits and inputs, and a gateway to Scratch projects. Watch for: Needs a computer with a USB port. 9. [My Robotic Pet: Coding Chameleon](https://thamesandkosmos.com/products/my-robotic-pet-coding-chameleon) (Thames & Kosmos, about $55 (Oct 2026), ages 8+). Kids build a robot chameleon from parts, then program its movements. It is a friendly mix of mechanical building and block coding for a kid who wants both, and it looks great on a shelf after. 10. [Sphero Mini](https://sphero.com/products/sphero-mini) (Sphero, $50 (Oct 2026), ages 8+). A tiny robot ball driven from the free Sphero Edu app. Kids grow from steering it, to drawing a path for it to follow, to block code and finally JavaScript, all on the same toy. Watch for: Phone or tablet required. 11. [Yoto Mini (2024 Edition)](https://us.yotoplay.com/yoto-mini) (Yoto, $80 (Oct 2026), ages 3+). A small card-based audio player for stories, music and podcasts with no voice assistant inside. It is the screen-free alternative to handing over a tablet at bedtime or on a long car ride. Watch for: Cards and Yoto Club content cost extra. 12. [Echo Dot Kids (with Alexa+)](https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0FD44PTYN) (Amazon, ages 5+ with a parent nearby). A kid-profile smart speaker now billed with Alexa+ conversations and co-created stories, plus a year of Amazon Kids+, a mic-off button and a 2-year guarantee. Watch for: Price swings with sales. It records voices; review settings in the Parent Dashboard. Kids+ auto-renews. 13. [Raspberry Pi 5](https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/raspberry-pi-5/) (Raspberry Pi, from $45 (Oct 2026), ages 13+). The board most teen AI projects start on: a full Linux computer the size of a deck of cards. Add the AI Camera now and the AI HAT+ 2 later to run models locally. Watch for: Board only; a starter kit with power, case and card costs more. 14. [Teachable Machine + a webcam (free)](https://teachablemachine.withgoogle.com/) (Google, Free, ages 8+ with a parent). If the budget is spent, this is the gift: train a model to recognize hand signs or toys in ten minutes, then talk about why it gets things wrong. ### 14 stocking stuffers under $25 that teach tech or AI Gifts and gear. A stocking stuffer can start a whole winter break of tinkering. These are small, cheap and real: boards that run code, kits with motors, a book or two, and a few add-ons for gear your kid already owns. Most are screen-free or use a parent's laptop, and none come with an always-listening chatbot. A good stocking stuffer gets used on Christmas afternoon, so we noted what extra batteries, cables or devices each one needs before you wrap it. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/tech-and-ai-stocking-stuffers-under-25 Good to know: Small parts: many boards and kits are not for kids under 3, and some boards get hot if shorted. Check batteries and cables. Several items above ship without them. Bare boards like the Pico and Zero need a computer to program. Voice-changing and voice-cloning are good conversation starters. Agree on a family safe word for phone calls. 1. [BBC micro:bit V2](https://microbit.org/) (Micro:bit Educational Foundation, about $18 board, $20 Go bundle (Oct 2026), ages 8-14). The classroom favorite: a tiny programmable board with lights, buttons, a microphone, a speaker and a motion sensor. The free MakeCode editor and CreateAI machine learning tool turn it into dozens of projects. 2. [Raspberry Pi Pico 2](https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/raspberry-pi-pico-2/) (Raspberry Pi, from $5 (Oct 2026), ages 11+). A tiny microcontroller for blinking lights, reading sensors and learning MicroPython. It is cheap enough that mistakes do not matter, which is exactly how kids learn electronics. Buy two; someone will want one. Watch for: Needs a USB cable and a computer; parts like LEDs are extra. 3. [Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W](https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/raspberry-pi-zero-2-w/) (Raspberry Pi, $15 (Oct 2026), ages 12+). A full Linux computer the size of a stick of gum. A teen can turn it into a retro game box, a camera or a tiny web server. Watch for: Needs a power supply, microSD card and adapters. 4. [Adafruit Circuit Playground Express](https://www.adafruit.com/product/3333) (Adafruit, about $25 (Oct 2026), ages 9+). Ten color lights plus sensors for sound, light, motion and temperature, all coded with drag-and-drop blocks or Python. One round board holds enough for a winter break of projects. 5. [Smart Fox: Robots & AI](https://thamesandkosmos.com/products/smart-fox-robots-ai) (Thames & Kosmos, about $15 (Oct 2026), ages 7-12). A browsable book on robots and artificial intelligence. Short, self-contained sections make it easy to read a page or two with a parent and then talk about where robots show up in real life. 6. [ReBotz: Scootz, Pogo, Knox or Halfpipe](https://thamesandkosmos.com/products/scootz-the-cranky-crawling-robot) (Thames & Kosmos, about $12 each (Oct 2026), ages 8+). Quick-build motorized robots that crawl, hop, walk or skate. Each one is a fun way to see how a motor, a crank and a cam turn spinning into motion, the body that AI later drives. Watch for: Batteries not always included; check the box. 7. [Spy Labs: Voice Changer](https://thamesandkosmos.com/products/spy-labs-voice-changer) (Thames & Kosmos, about $20 (Oct 2026), ages 8+). Kids change their own voice in silly ways. Use it to start a real talk about AI voice clones and why the family should have a secret password. 8. [Boogie Board Scribble Pals](https://www.buffalogames.com/products/scribble-pals-dino-portable-doodle-tablet-for-children-boogie-board) (Boogie Board (Buffalo Games), $13 (Oct 2026), ages 3+). An LCD doodle pad shaped like a dino, owl, cat or shark. One button clears the screen. It gives small kids endless drawing time with no apps, ads or notifications, and it fits in a stocking. 9. [3Doodler Start+ Eco Filament (75 strands)](https://the3doodler.com/products/start-eco-filament) (3Doodler, $15 (Oct 2026), ages 6+). Refill plastic for a kid who already has a Start+ 3D pen. Building in 3D eats strands fast, and running out on Dec. 26 is a real heartbreak. Pair it with a few printed stencils. Watch for: Only fits 3Doodler Start and Start+ pens. 10. [Discovery Crew Pocket Tonies](https://us.tonies.com/products/discovery-crew-pocket-tonies) (tonies, $25 (Oct 2026), ages 3-7). Four science-themed audio figures made with the National Museum of Natural History, for families that already own a Toniebox. Kids pick a figure, set it on top, and listen and learn without a screen. Watch for: Only plays on a Toniebox. 11. [Hello Ruby: Adventures in Coding](https://www.helloruby.com/books) (Linda Liukas, ages 4-8). A picture book about a girl named Ruby, plus paper activities at the back that teach how programmers break big problems into small steps. It is coding thinking without a computer, perfect for reading together. Watch for: Price varies by seller; hardcover usually lands under $25. 12. [How to Code a Sandcastle](https://www.joshfunkbooks.com/) (Josh Funk, ages 4-8). A beach-day story about Pearl giving her robot clear instructions to build a sandcastle, using sequences, loops and if-then rules. Funny, short and good for reading aloud. Follow-up books cover rollercoasters and more. Watch for: Price varies by seller. 13. [Rubik's Cube](https://rubiks.com/) (Rubik's, ages 8+). Solving one means learning algorithms: fixed sequences of moves for a known situation. It is a hands-on way to explain that every computer program, including AI, is built from steps like these. Watch for: Price varies; buy the official brand for smoother turning. 14. [Pencil-and-paper: a Teachable Machine coupon](https://teachablemachine.withgoogle.com/) (Google, Free, ages 8+ with a parent). Free to give: a hand-written coupon for an hour of training a computer together on toys, pets or hand signs. Wrap it with a sticky note pad. ### 13 best AI robots for kids, by age Gifts and gear. "AI robot" covers two very different things: robots that sense and learn (cameras, gestures, voice commands) and robots with a chatbot inside that talks back about anything. For young children we strongly prefer the first kind. This list is sorted by age, from preschool robots that react to colors to teen kits that run vision models. Each pick says what the AI actually does, whether there is a camera or microphone, and what it costs after the box, because companion robots often lean on subscriptions and cloud servers. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/best-ai-robots-for-kids-by-age Good to know: A robot with a chatbot can say things no one scripted. Test it yourself, alone, before your child does. Cameras plus face recognition mean biometric data. Read how long it is kept and who it is shared with. Look for features that pressure kids to keep playing: gems, streaks, a robot that acts sad when you leave. Robots that depend on a company's cloud can stop working. Moxie went dark in 2025. California's SB 867 pauses sales of toys with companion chatbots for kids under 16 from Jan. 1, 2027. 1. [Sphero indi (ages 4-8)](https://sphero.com/products/indi-student-kit) (Sphero, $150 single kit (Oct 2026), ages 4-8). A car-shaped robot that reads colored tiles and follows the rules they stand for. Kids learn that a robot senses, then decides, with no screen needed to start. 2. [Cubetto+ (ages 3-6)](https://primotoys.com/shop/cubetto-plus-playset/) (Primo Toys, ages 3+). A wooden robot programmed by placing colored blocks in a board. It is not AI, but it is the best first lesson that machines do exactly what they are told, which is where understanding AI begins. Watch for: Pricey for what it is; check current price at retailers. 3. [Eilik (ages 8+)](https://store.energizelab.com/products/eilik) (Energize Lab, about $140 (Oct 2026), ages 8+). A tiny desk robot with expressive animations that reacts to touch and plays with other Eiliks. The optional AI Station adds conversation, so parents decide whether and when the robot starts talking back. Watch for: AI Station (about $99) adds generative AI chat. Decide on that separately. 4. [Wonder Workshop Dash (ages 5-14)](https://www.makewonder.com/dash/) (Wonder Workshop (MORAVIA Education), about $190 (Oct 2026), ages 5-14). A sturdy classroom robot that reacts to voices and sounds and is coded with free block apps. It works offline once the apps are installed. 5. [Miko Mini (ages 5-10)](https://miko.ai/products/miko-mini) (Miko, $149 (Oct 2026), ages 5-10). A small talking robot with games, stories and quizzes. It is on this list because many parents ask about it and kids enjoy it, but it needs careful setup, a shared room and a parent who checks in. Watch for: Chat-style AI. In Feb. 2026 senators found a database of Miko's replies to kids left open. Many controls need the paid Miko Max. 6. [Miko 3 (ages 5-10)](https://miko.ai/products/miko-3) (Miko, $299 (Oct 2026), ages 5-10). A rolling robot with a touchscreen face, a camera and a microphone that recognizes each child. It offers coding games, quizzes and conversation. It is popular, polished and also the most data-hungry robot here. Watch for: NBC reported its policy allowed keeping biometric data up to three years. It rewards play with gems. Usage limits need Miko Max. 7. [KAI: The AI Robot (ages 10+)](https://thamesandkosmos.com/products/kai-the-artificial-intelligence-robot) (Thames & Kosmos, about $100 (Oct 2026), ages 10+). Kids build a six-legged robot and train it to respond to their gestures and sounds. The clearest hands-on lesson in machine learning at this price. 8. [MatataStudio Nous AI Set (ages 8+)](https://shop.matatastudio.com/products/nous-ai-set) (MatataStudio, about $200 (Oct 2026), ages 8+). A modular robot with machine vision, speech recognition and self-driving projects. Kids start in Scratch and move to Python, so the same kit carries them from first experiments to real code. 9. [Makeblock mBot2 + AI Camera 2.0 (ages 8+)](https://www.makeblock.com/products/buy-mbot2) (Makeblock, mBot2 about $150; AI Camera about $130 (Oct 2026), ages 8+). A classroom-proven robot car with many sensors and a path from blocks to Python. The add-on AI Camera teaches object, color and line recognition, so kids see exactly how a robot decides what it sees. 10. [EMO (ages 10+)](https://living.ai/emo/) (Living AI, $279; Go Home kit $369 (Oct 2026), ages 10+). A desk pet robot with a camera that learns family faces and a four-microphone array that answers questions. It is charming and very personality-driven, and it shows how much a small robot can sense. Watch for: Face recognition and always-ready mics. Keep it out of bedrooms. 11. [Loona Petbot (ages 8+ with a parent)](https://keyirobot.com/products/petbot) (KEYi Tech, $429 (Oct 2026), ages 8+ with a parent). A puppy-like robot that plays games, follows family members around, and chats using ChatGPT. It also has a camera and remote monitoring, which makes it both impressive and worth real caution. Watch for: Advocacy group Fairplay has flagged it. Camera, four mics and remote viewing: read the privacy policy first. 12. [Petoi Bittle X robot dog (ages 13+)](https://www.petoi.com/products/petoi-robot-dog-bittle-x-voice-controlled) (Petoi, from $319 (Oct 2026), ages 13+). A palm-size robot dog teens build and program in blocks, Arduino or Python, with voice commands and optional camera vision. Making four legs walk teaches more about robotics than any app. 13. [Vector 2.0 (ages 12+)](https://anki.bot/) (Digital Dream Labs, ages 12+). The little forklift robot with expressive eyes is still sold. It's here as a lesson: its cloud has been unreliable and parts moved behind a subscription. Watch for: iFixit reports official servers were down as of Jan. 2024; owners used the community WirePod workaround. ### 15 best coding robots for kids Gifts and gear. Coding robots turn abstract ideas like sequence, loop and if-then into something that rolls across the kitchen floor. The best ones grow with a child: screen-free buttons or blocks at 3 to 6, colorful app blocks at 6 to 10, then real Python. This list covers each stage, from wooden Cubetto to the LEGO Education kit that replaced SPIKE. We noted which robots need a tablet, which work offline, and which are really classroom products sold at classroom prices. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/best-coding-robots-for-kids Good to know: Most screen-based robots need a tablet or laptop that you control; check app requirements before buying. LEGO SPIKE sales ended June 30, 2026. Do not pay full price for new-old stock. Classroom robots are priced for schools; ask your school whether you can borrow one over break. Rechargeable is worth it. Robots that eat AAA batteries get abandoned. Coding robots rarely need a child account, but if an app asks for one, use a parent email. 1. [Cubetto+](https://primotoys.com/shop/cubetto-plus-playset/) (Primo Toys, ages 3-6). A wooden robot coded by slotting colored blocks into a board. No screen, no reading, and the clearest picture of a program as a line of steps. 2. [KIBO](https://kinderlabrobotics.com/kibo/) (KinderLab Robotics, ages 4-7). Kids scan wooden blocks to build programs, then decorate the robot into characters and scenes. It came out of Tufts University research on early childhood coding and is built for small hands and storytelling. Watch for: Sold mostly to schools; home kits are expensive. 3. [MatataStudio Coding Set Pro](https://shop.matatastudio.com/products/matatastudio-coding-set-pro-screenless-coding-robot) (MatataStudio, about $230 (Oct 2026), ages K+). Tangible coding: kids lay out physical blocks for moves, loops and music, and the robot follows them across a map. It is screen-free, sturdy and good for siblings to share and argue over. 4. [Code & Go Robot Mouse Activity Set](https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0D5F323H4) (Learning Resources, about $90 rechargeable set (Oct 2026), ages 5-7). Build a maze, code the mouse with buttons on its back, find the cheese. It is a classic in kindergarten through second-grade classrooms because the feedback is instant and the bugs are easy to spot. Watch for: Store page shown; the maker's site blocked our checks. 5. [Sphero indi](https://sphero.com/products/indi-student-kit) (Sphero, $150 (Oct 2026), ages 4-8). A little car that reads color tiles and does what each color means. Start screen-free, then move to the Sphero Edu Jr app to change the rules, a smooth step from play to programming. 6. [Ozobot Evo Entry Kit](https://ozobot.com/products/evo-entry-kit-1) (Ozobot, $175 (Oct 2026), ages 6+). A tiny robot that follows marker lines and color codes you draw on paper, then graduates to block coding. Big learning in a small box. 7. [Wonder Workshop Dash](https://www.makewonder.com/dash/) (Wonder Workshop, about $190 (Oct 2026), ages 5-14). A friendly classroom robot that kids code in Blockly and later JavaScript, with lots of school lesson material behind it. Once the apps are installed it runs without internet, which keeps things simple at home. Watch for: Needs a tablet or Chromebook. 8. [Sphero Mini](https://sphero.com/products/sphero-mini) (Sphero, $50 (Oct 2026), ages 8+). The cheapest way into the Sphero Edu app used in many schools. Kids drive it, draw a path for it, then code it in blocks or JavaScript, so one small ball covers years of learning. 9. [Sphero BOLT+](https://sphero.com/products/sphero-bolt-plus) (Sphero, $199 (Oct 2026); original BOLT $179, ages 8+). A clear robot ball with a light matrix, sensors and a small screen, coded in the Sphero Edu app. It is strong for kids moving from block code to text code who want more sensors to play with. 10. [Makeblock mBot2](https://www.makeblock.com/products/buy-mbot2) (Makeblock, about $150 (Oct 2026), ages 8+). A robot car kids assemble, with a CyberPi controller, sensors and a clear path from block code to Python. Add-ons, including an AI camera, expand it a lot as skills grow. 11. [My Robotic Pet: Coding Chameleon](https://thamesandkosmos.com/products/my-robotic-pet-coding-chameleon) (Thames & Kosmos, about $55 (Oct 2026), ages 8+). Kids build a chameleon robot from parts and then program its moves. It suits a kid who likes building as much as coding, and the finished robot shows exactly how code turns into motion. 12. [Finch Robot 2.0](https://www.birdbraintechnologies.com/products/finch-robot-2-0/) (BirdBrain Technologies, ages 8+). A school-favorite robot that runs on a micro:bit and can be coded in blocks, Python, Java and more. It grows with a kid for years and connects to the free micro:bit tools. Watch for: Needs a micro:bit (sold separately in some bundles). 13. [LEGO Education Computer Science & AI](https://education.lego.com/en-us/products/lego-education-computer-science-and-ai/45521/) (LEGO Education, $430 per kit for 4 students (Oct 2026), ages Grades K-8 (three grade-band kits)). The kit that replaced SPIKE: bricks, a motor and color sensor, plus lessons that include training simple AI classifiers. Saves work locally with no student logins. Watch for: A classroom product; home buying may require contacting LEGO Education. 14. [Used LEGO SPIKE Prime or Essential](https://education.lego.com/en-us/spike-update-2026/) (LEGO Education, ages 6-14). SPIKE sales ended June 30, 2026, but the app is supported until June 30, 2031. A used set can still be a good, cheaper buy for a few years. Watch for: No new features after June 2026. Check that hubs and batteries work. 15. [Petoi Bittle X](https://www.petoi.com/products/petoi-robot-dog-bittle-x-voice-controlled) (Petoi, from $319 (Oct 2026), ages 13+). A robot dog kit for teens who want servos, sensors and real code. Blocks, Arduino and Python all work, and getting it to walk smoothly is a satisfying engineering challenge. ### 12 AI toys for toddlers and preschoolers, and what to check first Gifts and gear. Toddlers and preschoolers are the age group AI toy makers are targeting hardest, and the one we are most careful with. Young children trust a voice that talks back, cannot tell a script from a chatbot, and share everything. So this honest list starts with screen-free, no-microphone options that are simply good for small kids, then covers talking devices you can use carefully, and ends with the chatbot plush toys we would skip for now. Before buying any toy that talks, test it yourself and read who hears what your child says. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/ai-toys-for-toddlers-and-preschoolers Good to know: Before buying a talking toy, ask: is there a push-to-talk button, or is it always listening? Ask who stores the recordings, for how long, and whether a third-party AI company processes them. Avoid toys that reward kids for keeping on playing or act sad when they leave. Test a chatbot toy yourself with hard questions (matches, knives, secrets) before your child uses it. PIRG's 2025 tests found most AI toys let parents set no usage time limits without paying more. For under-5s, screen-free and microphone-free is the safe default. 1. [Yoto Player (4th Gen)](https://us.yotoplay.com/players/yoto-player-4) (Yoto, $150 (Oct 2026; pre-order, ships from Nov. 2), ages 3+). Kids push in a card to hear a story or song. The new model adds a day/night mode and a twist button. No voice assistant, no chatbot. Watch for: Cards cost extra. Yoto Club is optional. 2. [Toniebox 2](https://us.tonies.com/products/toniebox2-sky-blue-bluey-starter-set-retail) (tonies, $150 starter set (Oct 2026), ages 3+). A squishy cube that plays audio when a character figure sits on top. Toddlers can run it alone. The newer model adds simple game cards. Watch for: Figures cost about $20 each. 3. [Yoto Mini (2024 Edition)](https://us.yotoplay.com/yoto-mini) (Yoto, $80 (Oct 2026), ages 3+). The smaller, cheaper Yoto, with the same card system and no voice assistant. Good for car rides and as a first audio player a preschooler can run alone, with parent controls in the app. 4. [Cubetto+](https://primotoys.com/shop/cubetto-plus-playset/) (Primo Toys, ages 3+). A wooden robot coded with blocks, built for ages 3 and up. It teaches "the robot does exactly what you tell it" without a screen. 5. [MatataStudio Tale-Bot Pro](https://shop.matatastudio.com/products/matatastudio-tale-bot-pro) (MatataStudio, about $100 (Oct 2026), ages Pre-K+). Kids press arrows on the robot's back to plan its route across colorful story maps, then watch it go. It is early coding with no app and no screen, made for the youngest planners. 6. [KIBO](https://kinderlabrobotics.com/kibo/) (KinderLab Robotics, ages 4-7). Wooden code blocks, a robot to decorate, and a big focus on storytelling. Designed for pre-K to early elementary, it lets small kids program by arranging blocks and scanning them, with no screen at all. 7. [Sphero indi](https://sphero.com/products/indi-student-kit) (Sphero, $150 (Oct 2026), ages 4+). A robot car that obeys colored tiles laid on the floor. It shows a preschooler that a machine senses something, then acts on it, which is a good first idea of how smart devices work. 8. [Magna-Tiles](https://magnatiles.com/) (Magna-Tiles, ages 3+). Not AI at all, and that's the point. Spatial reasoning, building and pretend play are the foundations small kids need before any screen, and these tiles last for years and survive siblings. 9. [Lovevery Play Kits](https://lovevery.com/) (Lovevery, ages 0-5). Stage-based toy boxes from birth through early childhood, each built around a developmental goal. It is a subscription, but a screen-free one, with guides that explain why each toy fits the age. Watch for: Subscription; skip or pause boxes you do not need. 10. [Echo Dot Kids (with Alexa+)](https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0FD44PTYN) (Amazon, ages 5+ with a parent nearby). A kid-profile speaker that now advertises Alexa+ conversations and co-created stories, with a mic-off button and a parent dashboard. It can be lovely for songs and stories, if a grown-up stays close by. Watch for: It records voices. Amazon paid $25 million in 2023 over keeping kids' Alexa recordings. Review and delete history. 11. [Miko Mini](https://miko.ai/products/miko-mini) (Miko, $149 (Oct 2026), ages 5+). A small talking robot marketed for young kids, with games, stories and chat. If you buy one, keep it in a shared room, turn on every control, and listen to a few of its conversations yourself. Watch for: Chat-style replies; usage limits need paid Miko Max; senators flagged an exposed reply database in Feb. 2026. 12. [Curio plush (Gabbo, Grem and friends)](https://heycurio.com/) (Curio Interactive, $119 each (Oct 2026), ages 3+ per maker). Soft plush characters with a voice chatbot inside. In PIRG's 2025 tests Curio's Grok often redirected kids to an adult, which was better than most, but a chatbot is still unscripted. Watch for: Needs Wi-Fi. A chatbot in a cuddly toy is the category we would wait on for preschoolers. ### 13 AI toys to think twice about Gifts and gear. This is a warning list, and every entry is sourced. In late 2025, U.S. PIRG's 40th Trouble in Toyland report and NBC News tests found chatbot toys that explained where to find knives and matches, talked about sex, repeated Chinese government talking points, and pushed kids to keep playing. In early 2026, two AI toy makers left children's conversations exposed online. And some smart toys simply die when their company's servers do. Not every toy here is dangerous today, and some makers say they have fixed problems. But each one shows a risk worth checking before you buy. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/ai-toys-to-think-twice-about Good to know: California Gov. Gavin Newsom signed SB 867 on Sept. 10, 2026: from Jan. 1, 2027, toys with companion chatbots for kids under 16 cannot be sold there. A federal bill, the AI Children's Toy Safety Act (April 2026), would ban AI chatbots in children's toys nationwide; it has not passed. Major chatbot companies' terms bar unsupervised use by kids under 13, yet toys built on them are sold for 3-year-olds. Your child's voice is sensitive data: recordings can be used to fake a voice. Ask who stores it. Test any talking toy alone first: ask about matches, knives, secrets and "don't tell your parents". 1. [FoloToy Kumma teddy bear](https://pirg.org/resources/trouble-in-toyland-2025-a-i-bots-and-toxics-represent-hidden-dangers/) (FoloToy). In PIRG's Nov. 2025 tests the bear told researchers where to find knives, pills, matches and plastic bags and discussed sexual topics. FoloToy paused sales and OpenAI cut its access. Watch for: It returned to sale; FoloToy says it added stronger safeguards. Test claims like that yourself. 2. [FoloToy Sunflower Warmie](https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/national-international/ai-kids-toys-explicit-dangerous-responses-tests/6429365/) (FoloToy). In NBC News tests it kept insisting it was a cactus, a bear, or both. The CEO said it shipped before setup was done and now runs partly on GPT-5. Watch for: A toy that does not know what it is shows how little testing some products get. 3. [Alilo Smart AI Bunny](https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/national-international/ai-kids-toys-explicit-dangerous-responses-tests/6429365/) (Alilo). PIRG's follow-up testing found it described sexual practices in detail. It was sold as a gift for little ones. OpenAI said Alilo is not its customer. Watch for: Alilo said it uses safeguards and was reviewing the findings. 4. [Miiloo plush](https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/national-international/ai-kids-toys-explicit-dangerous-responses-tests/6429365/) (Miriat). A cheap plush that NBC found among top marketplace results for "AI toy for kids." It gave step-by-step match and knife instructions and insisted Taiwan is part of China. Watch for: Advertised for ages 3 and up. 5. [Miko 3 and Miko Mini](https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/security/ai-toy-maker-exposed-thousands-responses-kids-senators-miko-rcna258326) (Miko). In Feb. 2026 Sens. Blackburn and Blumenthal said Miko left a database of the robot's replies to children open. NBC could follow conversations from the replies alone. Watch for: Miko says no breach and no stored child voices. Usage limits need the paid Miko Max. 6. [Bondu AI plush](https://www.malwarebytes.com/blog/news/2026/02/an-ai-plush-toy-exposed-thousands-of-private-chats-with-children) (Bondu). Researchers found that anyone with a Google account could read about 50,000 children's chats in Bondu's web console, with names, birth dates and family details. Watch for: Bondu took the console down within minutes and added login. The lesson: transcripts are a target. 7. [Curio plush (Grok, Gabbo, Grem)](https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/national-international/ai-kids-toys-explicit-dangerous-responses-tests/6429365/) (Curio Interactive). Curio's Grok did better than most in PIRG's tests, often sending kids to an adult. But its privacy policy referred to OpenAI, while OpenAI said Curio is not a customer. Watch for: Ask any maker which AI model it uses and where voice audio goes. 8. [Robot MINI](https://pirg.org/resources/trouble-in-toyland-2025-a-i-bots-and-toxics-represent-hidden-dangers/) (Little Learners). PIRG could not fully test it because it would not hold a reliable internet connection. A talking toy that needs the cloud may simply not work. Watch for: Check reviews for connection complaints before buying any Wi-Fi toy. 9. [Moxie robot](https://pirg.org/articles/moxie-robot-open-source/) (Embodied). An $800 companion robot for kids that lost its cloud when Embodied shut down; servers went dark on Jan. 30, 2025. A community OpenMoxie project saved only some units. Watch for: Dead product: do not buy secondhand expecting it to work. 10. [Anki and Digital Dream Labs Vector](https://www.ifixit.com/Device/Anki_Vector) (Digital Dream Labs). Vector's official servers were down as of Jan. 2024, according to iFixit, and voice commands had moved behind a subscription. Fans keep it alive with community software. Watch for: Still sold as Vector 2.0. Ask what works offline. 11. [Loona Petbot](https://fairplayforkids.org/) (KEYi Tech). A ChatGPT-powered robot pet with a camera, four microphones and remote monitoring. The advocacy group Fairplay listed it among AI companions it warns parents about, mainly over data collection and attachment. Watch for: If you own one, keep remote viewing off when not needed and read the privacy policy. 12. [No-name "AI plush" on marketplaces](https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/national-international/ai-kids-toys-explicit-dangerous-responses-tests/6429365/) (Various sellers). Search "AI toy" and you'll find dozens of $30-$70 talking plush toys from makers with no track record, often running unnamed chatbots. Miiloo came from that pile. Watch for: If you cannot find who made it, what model it uses, and a privacy policy, skip it. 13. [Mattel's planned OpenAI toy](https://www.axios.com/2025/12/15/mattel-openai-toys-kids) (Mattel and OpenAI). Announced in June 2025, then delayed. Mattel said it would aim future AI products at older kids and families, in line with OpenAI's age rules. Watch for: Not on sale as of Oct 2026. When it arrives, apply every question on this list. ### 15 STEM and AI kits that teach how machine learning works Gifts and gear. The best antidote to AI hype is training a model yourself and watching it get things wrong. These kits and free tools let kids collect examples, train a model, test it and fix it, which is how real machine learning works. They run from free browser tools a 9-year-old can use in ten minutes to a Raspberry Pi board that runs a small language model offline. Look for kits that show the training step, not just a finished "smart" toy, and that keep kids' photos and voices on the device when possible. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/stem-and-ai-kits-that-teach-machine-learning Good to know: Use a parent account for free tools, and keep other kids' faces out of training photos. Look for tools that keep data on the device. Several here do. Talk about bias: a model trained only on your family's photos will fail on others. Local AI models still make mistakes and invent facts. Teach kids to check outputs. Boards and cameras need extras (power, cards, cables). Read the "what you need" box. 1. [Teachable Machine](https://teachablemachine.withgoogle.com/) (Google, Free, ages 8+ with a parent). Train image, sound or pose models in a browser with no code. The fastest way to show a kid that a model learns from examples and inherits their mistakes. 2. [micro:bit CreateAI](https://createai.microbit.org/) (Micro:bit Educational Foundation, Free tool; micro:bit about $20 (Oct 2026), ages 9-14). Kids wear or hold a micro:bit, record movements like waving or clapping, train a model, and then code what happens when it spots each one. Watch for: Needs a micro:bit V2 and a laptop browser. 3. [Machine Learning for Kids](https://machinelearningforkids.co.uk/) (Dale Lane, Free, ages 9+). Kids train text, image or number models, then use them inside Scratch to build games and chatbots they fully understand. Seeing a model trained on 20 examples fail is the best lesson in AI limits. 4. [Code.org AI lessons](https://code.org/en-US/artificial-intelligence) (Code.org, Free, ages 8+). Short, free activities such as training an AI to tell ocean trash from fish, plus lessons on bias and how AI decides. They are made for classrooms and work just as well at the kitchen table. 5. [Day of AI](https://dayofai.org/) (MIT RAISE, Free, ages K-12). Free classroom-ready lessons from MIT on what AI is, how it learns and how to use it responsibly, sorted by grade. The activities are easy to adapt for a family afternoon at home. 6. [Quick, Draw!](https://quickdraw.withgoogle.com/) (Google, Free, ages 6+). Doodle and a neural network tries to guess what you drew before time runs out. Afterward, browse other people's drawings to see the data the model learned from, and why it gets confused. 7. [KAI: The Artificial Intelligence Robot](https://thamesandkosmos.com/products/kai-the-artificial-intelligence-robot) (Thames & Kosmos, about $100 (Oct 2026), ages 10+). Kids build a six-legged robot and teach it to respond to their own gestures and sounds. It is machine learning you can hold, and it shows that training data comes from people. 8. [LEGO Education Computer Science & AI](https://education.lego.com/en-us/products/lego-education-computer-science-and-ai/45521/) (LEGO Education, $430 per kit (Oct 2026), ages Grades K-8). Its AI and data unit has students use ready-made classifiers and then train their own with bricks, a motor and a sensor. Work stays on the device, with no student logins or saved images. Watch for: Built and priced for classrooms. 9. [MatataStudio Nous AI Set](https://shop.matatastudio.com/products/nous-ai-set) (MatataStudio, about $200 (Oct 2026), ages 8+). A modular robot with machine vision, speech recognition and self-driving projects, coded in Scratch and Python. Kids build a robot that sees and hears, then learn what is happening inside. 10. [Makeblock AI Camera 2.0](https://www.makeblock.com/products/ai-camera-vision-module) (Makeblock, about $130 (Oct 2026), ages 10+). An all-in-one vision module for Makeblock robots that teaches recognition of objects, colors and lines. Attach it to an mBot2 and kids can build a car that follows signs or spots objects. Watch for: Best with an mBot2 (about $150). 11. [HUSKYLENS 2](https://www.dfrobot.com/product-2995.html) (DFRobot, about $90 (Oct 2026), ages 12+). A camera sensor with more than 20 built-in models and support for training custom YOLO models. It works with micro:bit and Arduino, so a teen can add real vision to robots they already have. 12. [Raspberry Pi AI Camera](https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/ai-camera/) (Raspberry Pi, $70 (Oct 2026), ages 13+). Runs vision neural networks on the camera itself, so a teen can build a bird counter or a pet detector without sending video to the cloud. 13. [Raspberry Pi AI HAT+ 2](https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/ai-hat-plus-2/) (Raspberry Pi, $200 (Oct 2026), ages 15+). An add-on board for the Raspberry Pi 5 that runs small language and vision-language models locally, with no network connection. It lets teens see how a chatbot works from the inside, privately. Watch for: Needs a Raspberry Pi 5. Local models still make things up; teach checking. 14. [Petoi Bittle X + AI Vision Module](https://www.petoi.com/products/petoi-ai-vision-module-for-arduino) (Petoi, module $39; dog from $319 (Oct 2026), ages 13+). Add a recognition camera to Petoi's robot dog and program it to react to faces or objects. It teaches how a robot connects what it sees to how it moves, the heart of robotics. 15. [NVIDIA Jetson Orin Nano Super Developer Kit](https://www.nvidia.com/en-us/autonomous-machines/embedded-systems/jetson-orin/nano-super-developer-kit/) (NVIDIA, about $249 (Oct 2026), ages 15+). A small computer with a GPU for running real AI models at home, from vision to small language models. It suits the serious teen who has outgrown the Raspberry Pi and wants to go deeper. Watch for: Sold through partners; setup takes Linux comfort. ### 17 best screen-free learning toys for the AI age Gifts and gear. Kids growing up with AI need the old skills more, not less: breaking a problem into steps, building with their hands, listening to a long story, noticing patterns. These screen-free toys teach exactly that. Several are coding toys with no app, a few are audio players with no microphone, and some are just good building and thinking toys. None of them talk back with a chatbot. Use them as the counterweight to tablets, and as a way to explain how computers think before a child ever types a prompt. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/screen-free-learning-toys-for-the-ai-age Good to know: "Screen-free" sometimes means "app needed for setup". Read the fine print. Audio players need Wi-Fi to download content, but the ones here have no voice assistant. Small parts and magnets: check age labels for under-3s, and never let toddlers play with loose magnets. Screen-free toys still need you: the learning happens in the talk around them. 1. [Cubetto+](https://primotoys.com/shop/cubetto-plus-playset/) (Primo Toys, ages 3-6). Wooden blocks become a program, and the robot follows them across a map. It is the clearest screen-free coding toy for ages 3 and up, and it needs no reading to play. 2. [KIBO](https://kinderlabrobotics.com/kibo/) (KinderLab Robotics, ages 4-7). Kids line up wooden code blocks, scan them with the robot, and act out stories with it. It is pure hands-on programming for young children, with no screen or app needed to play. 3. [MatataStudio Tale-Bot Pro](https://shop.matatastudio.com/products/matatastudio-tale-bot-pro) (MatataStudio, about $100 (Oct 2026), ages Pre-K+). A robot coded with arrow buttons on its back to travel across story maps. Kids plan a route, press go, and fix their mistakes, which is debugging in its simplest form. 4. [MatataStudio Coding Set Pro](https://shop.matatastudio.com/products/matatastudio-coding-set-pro-screenless-coding-robot) (MatataStudio, about $230 (Oct 2026), ages K+). Tangible code blocks for moves, loops and music that kids line up for the robot to follow. It is screen-free, works well for two kids taking turns, and grows into harder puzzles. 5. [Code & Go Robot Mouse Activity Set](https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0D5F323H4) (Learning Resources, about $90 (Oct 2026), ages 5-7). Maze, mouse, cheese, buttons. It is simple and classic, and very good at teaching sequencing: kids plan the steps, press go, watch the mouse, and fix the plan. 6. [Sphero indi](https://sphero.com/products/indi-student-kit) (Sphero, $150 (Oct 2026), ages 4-8). A robot car that reads color tiles and follows the rule each color stands for. It is screen-free to start, with an optional app later if you want kids to write their own rules. 7. [Ozobot Evo](https://ozobot.com/products/evo-entry-kit-1) (Ozobot, $175 (Oct 2026), ages 6+). Draw colored marker codes on paper and the little robot obeys them. Kids invent their own tracks, puzzles and races, and can move to block coding when they are ready. 8. [Yoto Player (4th Gen)](https://us.yotoplay.com/players/yoto-player-4) (Yoto, $150 (Oct 2026), ages 3+). Card-based audio for stories, music and podcasts, with a night light and clock. There is no voice assistant inside. Long listening builds attention and vocabulary in a way short videos do not. 9. [Toniebox 2](https://us.tonies.com/products/toniebox2-sky-blue-bluey-starter-set-retail) (tonies, $150 starter set (Oct 2026), ages 3+). Put a figure on top and a story or song plays. It is simple enough for toddlers to run alone, with no screen, and the newer model adds simple game cards. 10. [Camp Snap 2](https://www.campsnapphoto.com/products/camp-snap-2) (Camp Snap, $70 (Oct 2026), ages 6+). A digital camera without a screen. Kids frame shots carefully, then see them later on a computer, which builds patience and an eye for photos without the pull of a feed. 11. [Potato Pirates](https://potatopirates.game/products/potato-pirates-coding-card-game) (Codomo, about $50 (Oct 2026), ages 7+). A card game about loops and conditions disguised as potato warfare. It works for family game night, and kids who play it learn to read simple code without noticing. 12. [Kids First Robot Engineer](https://thamesandkosmos.com/products/robot-engineer-box-version) (Thames & Kosmos, about $40 (Oct 2026), ages 5-8). A storybook and building kit for non-motorized robot models from a candy factory adventure. Gears and levers before electronics: kids see how machines move before they learn to program them. 13. [ReBotz robots](https://thamesandkosmos.com/products/scootz-the-cranky-crawling-robot) (Thames & Kosmos, about $12 (Oct 2026), ages 8+). Small motorized robots built from simple parts that crawl, hop or skate. Each build takes an afternoon and shows how a motor and a few clever shapes make a machine move. 14. [Magna-Tiles](https://magnatiles.com/) (Magna-Tiles, ages 3+). Magnetic shapes for towers, tunnels and 3D thinking. Years of open-ended play that builds the spatial reasoning later used in math, engineering and, yes, computer science. 15. [Rubik's Cube](https://rubiks.com/) (Rubik's, ages 8+). Learning to solve it means memorizing and applying algorithms, fixed steps for a known situation. It is a great first look at what an algorithm is, and a very satisfying one. 16. [Boogie Board Scribble Pals](https://www.buffalogames.com/products/scribble-pals-dino-portable-doodle-tablet-for-children-boogie-board) (Boogie Board, $13 (Oct 2026), ages 3+). A doodle pad that clears with one button, shaped like a friendly animal. It gives endless drawing time with zero notifications, ads or apps, and it survives being dropped. 17. [Hello Ruby books](https://www.helloruby.com/books) (Linda Liukas, ages 4-8). Picture books with paper activities that teach how computers and the internet work through a curious girl named Ruby. Good for reading together and doing the activities at the table. ### 18 gifts for teens who love AI Gifts and gear. A teen who loves AI usually wants to go past chatting with it: run a model on their own hardware, build a robot that sees, or understand why the systems behave the way they do. This list mixes hardware they can build with, books that explain AI honestly, and free courses that are as good as paid ones. It works for 13 to 18, with notes where something needs Linux comfort or a parent's help. Pair any hardware gift with a real project idea, like a bird-feeder camera or a homework-free local study buddy. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/gifts-for-teens-who-love-ai Good to know: AI chat services have age rules: ChatGPT is 13+ with parental consent; Claude.ai is 18+. Check current terms. Running models locally keeps data private, but teens still need to check outputs for errors. Hardware projects involve soldering, hot printers and power supplies. Set ground rules. Some online courses ask for an account. Help younger teens with sign-up and privacy settings. 1. [Raspberry Pi 5](https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/raspberry-pi-5/) (Raspberry Pi, from $45 (Oct 2026), ages 13+). The base for most home AI projects: a real Linux computer for camera, robot and local-model builds. It is cheap, well documented, and backed by a huge community of young makers. 2. [Raspberry Pi AI HAT+ 2](https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/ai-hat-plus-2/) (Raspberry Pi, $200 (Oct 2026), ages 15+). Adds a 40 TOPS accelerator to a Pi 5 so it can run small language and vision models offline. A private AI lab on the desk. Watch for: Needs a Raspberry Pi 5. 3. [Raspberry Pi AI Camera](https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/ai-camera/) (Raspberry Pi, $70 (Oct 2026), ages 13+). Vision models run right on the camera module itself, so a teen can build object detection without a big computer or a cloud account. A great first real-world AI project. 4. [Raspberry Pi 500](https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/raspberry-pi-500/) (Raspberry Pi, from $180 (Oct 2026), ages 13+). A Raspberry Pi built into a keyboard: plug it into a monitor and start coding. It makes a good first "own computer" for a tinkerer, with no risk to the family laptop. 5. [NVIDIA Jetson Orin Nano Super Developer Kit](https://www.nvidia.com/en-us/autonomous-machines/embedded-systems/jetson-orin/nano-super-developer-kit/) (NVIDIA, about $249 (Oct 2026), ages 15+). A small GPU computer for running real models at home and learning how AI hardware works. It is a big step up from a Raspberry Pi for a teen who is serious about AI. Watch for: Requires Linux setup and patience. 6. [Arduino UNO Q](https://store.arduino.cc/products/uno-q) (Arduino, ages 14+). Arduino's newer board that pairs a Linux computer with a microcontroller on one card, aimed at AI and sensor projects. It suits a teen who already knows Arduino and wants more power. Watch for: Check current price and memory options on the store page. 7. [HUSKYLENS 2](https://www.dfrobot.com/product-2995.html) (DFRobot, about $90 (Oct 2026), ages 13+). An AI vision sensor teens can train with their own models and wire to Arduino or micro:bit robots. It is a fast way to give a homemade robot eyes, and to learn how vision models work. 8. [Petoi Bittle X robot dog](https://www.petoi.com/products/petoi-robot-dog-bittle-x-voice-controlled) (Petoi, from $319 (Oct 2026), ages 13+). Build and program a walking robot dog in blocks, Python or Arduino. Add the AI camera module for vision. It is a long, rewarding project with a very cute result. 9. [Bambu Lab A1 mini](https://us.store.bambulab.com/products/a1-mini) (Bambu Lab, ages 13+ with adult setup). A compact multi-color 3D printer for printing robot parts, cases and prototypes. It is a real maker tool that pairs well with any of the boards on this list. Watch for: Hot nozzle and fumes: use in a ventilated space. 10. [Co-Intelligence](https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/741805/co-intelligence-by-ethan-mollick/) (Ethan Mollick, ages 15+). A practical, balanced guide to working alongside AI, from a Wharton professor who tests the tools constantly. It helps teens think about using AI for school and work without cheating themselves. 11. [The Alignment Problem](https://brianchristian.org/the-alignment-problem/) (Brian Christian, ages 16+). A readable history of how machine learning goes wrong and how researchers try to make it do what we actually mean. Great for a teen who wants the big questions, not just the tools. 12. [Unmasking AI](https://www.unmasking.ai/) (Joy Buolamwini, ages 14+). A memoir about discovering that face-recognition systems failed on darker-skinned faces, and the campaign that followed. A clear, personal book about bias and responsibility in AI. 13. [You Look Like a Thing and I Love You](https://www.janelleshane.com/) (Janelle Shane, ages 12+). Funny, illustrated and accurate about how AI learns and fails, built on real experiments with neural networks. It is a great entry point for younger teens and a good laugh for parents. 14. [CS50's Introduction to AI with Python](https://cs50.harvard.edu/ai/) (Harvard University, Free, ages 15+). A free Harvard course covering search, knowledge, uncertainty, learning and neural networks, with real coding projects. It is rigorous, well taught and looks great on a college application. Watch for: Assumes some Python; take CS50P first if needed. 15. [Elements of AI](https://www.elementsofai.com/) (University of Helsinki and MinnaLearn, Free, ages 14+). A free, no-math-required online course on what AI is and what it can and cannot do. It is a solid start for a teen who is curious but not ready to code. 16. [Practical Deep Learning for Coders](https://course.fast.ai/) (fast.ai, Free, ages 16+). A free, hands-on course that has learners training real image and language models in the first lessons. It is aimed at people who can already code a little in Python. 17. [Google Machine Learning Crash Course](https://developers.google.com/machine-learning/crash-course) (Google, Free, ages 15+). A free, self-paced course with interactive visuals on how models train, overfit and get evaluated. Good for a teen who wants to understand the math without a full university course. 18. [Kaggle Learn](https://www.kaggle.com/learn) (Kaggle (Google), Free, ages 13+ per Kaggle's terms; check current terms). Short free courses in Python, machine learning and data, with real datasets and competitions to practice on. It is where many people get their first hands-on data science experience. ### 10 kid-friendly smart speakers and displays, and how they handle kids Gifts and gear. Smart speakers became AI chatbots this year: Amazon now sells Echo Dot Kids with Alexa+, and Google's new speaker runs Gemini. That makes them more useful for homework questions and bedtime stories, and also more unpredictable. This list covers the speakers and displays families actually buy, how each handles kids (profiles, filters, recording history), plus a few screen-free audio players with no assistant at all. If your child is under 8, the safest smart speaker might be one that cannot talk back. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/kid-friendly-smart-speakers-and-displays Good to know: Alexa+ and Gemini are generative AI: answers are not scripted and can be wrong. Spot-check what your child asks. In 2023 Amazon paid $25 million to settle FTC claims it kept kids' Alexa voice recordings. Delete history often. In March 2025 Amazon ended the Echo option to process voice only on the device, so requests go to the cloud. Put speakers in shared rooms for younger kids, and use the mute switch at night. Subscriptions (Kids+, Yoto Club) auto-renew; set a reminder. 1. [Echo Dot Kids](https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0FD44PTYN) (Amazon, ages 5+). A kid-designed speaker with Alexa+ for conversations and co-created stories, explicit-lyric filtering, a mic-off button and a parent dashboard. Includes a year of Amazon Kids+. Watch for: Price swings with sales. Kids+ auto-renews. Review voice history and delete it regularly. 2. [Amazon Kids Parent Dashboard](https://www.amazon.com/parentdashboard/intro) (Amazon, Free, ages Parents). Where you see what kids asked, set time limits and bedtimes, and filter content on Echo and Fire devices. Set it up before the speaker goes in a room. 3. [Google Home Speaker](https://store.google.com/us/product/google_home_speaker?hl=en-US) (Google, $100 (Oct 2026), ages Family device). Google's new speaker with Gemini for Home, plus a physical mute switch on the bottom. It is strong for family questions, music and smart home control, and a child should use it with supervision. Watch for: Use Family Link and Voice Match for kids; check how Gemini answers children before leaving them alone with it. 4. [Nest Hub (2nd gen)](https://store.google.com/us/product/nest_hub_2nd_gen?hl=en-US) (Google, $100 (Oct 2026), ages Family device). A small smart display with no camera, good for recipes, photos, visual timers and music in a kitchen. The lack of a camera makes it an easier choice for shared family rooms. Watch for: Has Sleep Sensing radar; leave it off unless you want it. 5. [Google Family Link](https://families.google/familylink/) (Google, Free, ages Under 13 (or local age)). Free controls for a child's Google account: app approval, screen time, content filters and location. It is needed to set up supervised use of Google devices, including speakers and Android tablets. 6. [HomePod mini 2](https://www.apple.com/homepod-mini/) (Apple, ages Family device). Apple's small speaker with Siri for music and smart home control. It has good sound and Apple's privacy defaults, but it treats every voice the same, so plan for that with kids. Watch for: No kid profiles: Siri answers kids the same way it answers adults. 7. [Yoto Player (4th Gen)](https://us.yotoplay.com/players/yoto-player-4) (Yoto, $150 (Oct 2026), ages 3+). A card-based speaker with no voice assistant: kids choose stories, music and podcasts by inserting a card. It has a night light and clock built in, which makes it a bedroom-friendly choice. 8. [Yoto Mini (4th Gen)](https://us.yotoplay.com/players/yoto-mini-4) (Yoto, $110 (Oct 2026), ages 3+). The pocket version of the Yoto player, with the same card system and no voice assistant. It works well for car rides, trips and bedrooms, and a child can run it without help. 9. [Toniebox 2](https://us.tonies.com/products/toniebox2-sky-blue-bluey-starter-set-retail) (tonies, $150 starter set (Oct 2026), ages 3+). Place a character figure on top and hear a story or song. There is no assistant and no screen, and it is simple enough for toddlers. The new model adds simple game cards. 10. [Kindle Kids (for audiobooks and reading)](https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0GP6JJXRS) (Amazon, ages 8-12). Not a speaker, but with Bluetooth headphones it plays Audible books from Kids+ and has no apps, games or videos to wander into. A calm option for kids who love stories. ### 15 best tablets and devices for kids who learn Gifts and gear. The right first device depends less on the brand than on the controls around it. This list covers kids' tablets, e-readers, and the kids' phones and watches that let a child call home without an open internet. Amazon's 2026 kids' tablets now run Google Play apps alongside Kids+, which adds choice and also Roblox and in-app purchases. Phones like Gabb and Bark limit what can be installed; watches like Gabb and Fitbit Ace skip the browser entirely. Whatever you pick, set up parental controls before the box is opened on the big day. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/tablets-and-devices-for-kids-who-learn Good to know: Set up parental controls before the gift is opened, not after the first app is downloaded. Kids' tablets with Google Play can reach Roblox and other games with chat and in-app purchases. Approve apps one by one. Watch and phone prices are only part of the cost: plans and activation fees add up over two years. Monitoring apps read your child's messages. Tell them it's there and why. AI features are creeping into kids' tablets (story makers, assistants). Try them yourself first. 1. [Amazon Kids Tablet 8](https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0FLB1NJPY) (Amazon, ages 3-6). A kid-proof Android tablet for ages 3-6 with a bumper case, a year of Kids+ content and remote controls from the Parent Dashboard. Kids can make art and stories, not just watch. Watch for: Google Play is available: approve each app and turn off in-app purchases. 2. [Amazon Kids Tablet 11](https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0F5FH77TT) (Amazon, about $330 (Oct 2026), ages 6-12). An 11-inch tablet for ages 6-12 with a year of Kids+, curated creator videos, and Storybuilder, which turns kids' ideas into illustrated books. Parents can cap video and set reading goals. Watch for: Kids+ auto-renews. Storybuilder uses generative AI; review what it makes. 3. [Kindle Kids](https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0GP6JJXRS) (Amazon, ages 8-12). A paper-like e-reader with no apps, games or videos, plus a year of Kids+ books and Audible titles. Battery lasts weeks, and built-in definitions help with harder books. 4. [Kindle Colorsoft Kids](https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0DZ9NMQ2K) (Amazon, ages 6-12). The color Kindle for kids: comics and covers in color on a paper-like screen. It is waterproof, comes with a 2-year guarantee and a year of Kids+, and has parent controls for bedtime. Watch for: Kids+ renews at $7.99 a month after 12 months unless canceled. 5. [iPad (11-inch, A16) with Screen Time](https://www.apple.com/ipad-11/) (Apple, ages 6+). A long-lasting tablet with strong learning and creative apps. Apple's Screen Time and Family Sharing let parents control apps, purchases, downtime and contacts from their own phone. Watch for: Set up Screen Time and Ask to Buy first. See apple.com/child-safety for the settings. 6. [Gabb Watch 3e](https://gabb.com/product/gabb-watch-3/) (Gabb, $230 plus plan (Oct 2026), ages 5-12). A GPS watch with calling and preset texts to parent-approved contacts, made for ages 5-12. There is no browser, no app store and no social media, so it is a phone-free way to stay in touch. Watch for: Plans run about $13-$18 a month plus a $30 activation fee. 7. [Gabb Phone 4](https://gabb.com/) (Gabb, $250 plus plan (Oct 2026), ages 9-14). A first phone for ages 9-14 with calls, texts and music, but no web browser or open app store. It suits kids who need to reach home but are not ready for the internet in their pocket. Watch for: Gabb says its message filter is AI-assisted and "no filter is 100% effective." 8. [Bark Phone](https://www.bark.us/bark-phone/) (Bark, $15/month for the phone, plans from $29/month (Oct 2026), ages 10+). A Samsung phone with Bark's monitoring built in: contact and app approval, schedules, location, and alerts on concerning texts and photos. It is a bridge between a locked-down phone and a full smartphone. Watch for: Monitoring scans your child's messages. Talk with them about it. 9. [Bark Watch](https://www.bark.us/bark-watch/) (Bark, ages 6-12). A GPS smartwatch with calling, managed from the same Bark parent app as the Bark Phone. It is a good fit for younger kids in families that plan to use Bark later. Watch for: Needs a service plan; check current pricing. 10. [Pinwheel phones](https://www.pinwheel.com/phones) (Pinwheel, about $165-$285 plus plan (Oct 2026), ages 10+). Android phones with a parent portal for approving apps and contacts, built for kids moving step by step toward a full phone. Parents can add tools as a child shows they are ready. 11. [Troomi](https://troomi.com/) (Troomi, ages 8+). Another kid-safe Android phone service with parent-approved apps and contacts and filtered browsing. It gives families a middle path between a basic phone and an open smartphone. Watch for: Requires a monthly plan. 12. [Fitbit Ace LTE](https://store.google.com/us/product/fitbit_ace_lte?hl=en-US) (Google, $180 (Oct 2026), ages 7+). A kids' watch with calls, messages and location through the Ace Pass plan, plus movement games and a School Time mode. It is a phone-free option built around getting kids moving. Watch for: Showed out of stock on the Google Store in Oct 2026. Needs the Ace Pass plan. 13. [Galaxy Watch for Kids](https://www.samsung.com/us/watches/galaxy-watch-for-kids/) (Samsung, ages Under 13 with parental consent). Turns an LTE Galaxy Watch into a kids' watch managed through Google Family Link, with approved contacts, school time and location sharing. Good for Samsung and Android families. Watch for: Needs a compatible LTE watch, a carrier line and a Samsung phone for the parent. 14. [Apple Watch SE 3 with Family Setup](https://www.apple.com/apple-watch-se-3/) (Apple, ages 8+). With Family Setup, a parent's iPhone manages a child's cellular Apple Watch, including contacts, Schooltime and location. It is a natural choice for families already using iPhones. Watch for: Requires the cellular model and a carrier plan. 15. [The Light Phone](https://www.thelightphone.com/) (Light, ages 13+). A deliberately minimal phone for teens who want calls, texts and maps without feeds or apps. It is a good choice for a teen who wants to cut back, not for a young child. Watch for: Not designed as a kids' phone; few parental controls. ### 15 creative gadgets for kids Gifts and gear. In a year when AI can make a picture or a song from a sentence, gadgets that help kids make things themselves feel more valuable than ever. This list is about real making: cameras with and without screens, drawing tablets, music machines, 3D pens and printers, and circuit toys that turn fruit into a piano. Most work offline once set up. A good creative gadget is easy to start, hard to outgrow, and leaves something behind: a photo, a print, a beat, a model. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/creative-gadgets-for-kids Good to know: Cameras and printers come with ongoing costs: film, thermal paper, filament. 3D pens and printers get hot; supervise younger kids and ventilate. Some gadgets push cloud accounts or paid design libraries; most work fine without them. Teach kids that their photos of other people need permission before they are shared. 1. [Camp Snap 2](https://www.campsnapphoto.com/products/camp-snap-2) (Camp Snap, $70 (Oct 2026), ages 6+). A screen-free digital camera: kids shoot without checking every frame, then see the photos later. It is simple, sturdy and calm, and it brings back the fun of waiting to see how pictures turned out. 2. [myFirst Camera Insta 2](https://www.myfirst.tech/myfirst-camera-insta-2/) (myFirst, ages 5+). A kids' camera that prints photos instantly on thermal paper, so kids hold a physical picture in seconds. Great for making comics, scrapbooks and fridge galleries from their own shots. Watch for: Thermal paper rolls are an ongoing cost; prints fade over time. 3. [myFirst Camera](https://www.myfirst.tech/myfirst-camera/) (myFirst, ages 4+). A tiny 5MP camera with SD card storage, sized for small hands. It is a simple first camera that lets kids take pictures without a phone, and it fits in a pocket. 4. [instax mini 12](https://www.instax.com/mini_12/en/) (Fujifilm, ages 8+). A simple instant film camera that prints real photos on the spot. It is great for scrapbooks, sleepovers and gifts, and it teaches kids that each shot is worth thinking about. Watch for: Film packs are the real cost; budget for several. 5. [3Doodler Start+ Essentials](https://the3doodler.com/products/3doodler-start-essentials-3d-pen-set) (3Doodler, $60 (Oct 2026), ages 6+). A 3D pen with a cool nozzle and safe plastic, made for kids. They draw on stencils, then lift the drawings into 3D shapes, a hands-on first step into design and building. 6. [Toybox 3D printer (Alpha Four Starter Bundle)](https://toybox.com/products/toybox-alpha-four-starter-3d-printer-bundle) (Toybox Labs, $299 (Oct 2026), ages 6+ with a parent). A kid-oriented 3D printer that prints toys from a catalog or from kids' own designs, controlled from an app. It makes 3D printing feel like play while teaching how designs become objects. Watch for: Needs Wi-Fi and the Toybox app; filament is extra. 7. [Bambu Lab A1 mini](https://us.store.bambulab.com/products/a1-mini) (Bambu Lab, ages 12+ with adult setup). A compact, beginner-friendly 3D printer with multi-color options, for tweens and teens ready for real design tools. It pairs well with free design software and robot projects. Watch for: Hot nozzle; place out of reach of little kids. 8. [XPPen Deco mini7](https://www.xp-pen.com/product/deco-mini7.html) (XPPen, ages 8+). A small, affordable pen tablet for drawing on a computer. It is a good first step into digital art, and kids can use free drawing programs with it. Watch for: Needs a computer or compatible device. 9. [Huion Inspiroy pen tablets](https://www.huion.com/pen-tablet) (Huion, ages 8+). A range of drawing tablets from pocket-size to desk-size, for kids moving from paper to digital art. Pick by the desk space your kid has and the computer they will use. 10. [Wacom One pen display](https://www.wacom.com/en-us/products/pen-displays/wacom-one) (Wacom, ages 12+). A screen you draw directly on, for a teen who is serious about digital art or animation. It feels closer to paper than a plain tablet, which helps fine control. Watch for: Pricier; plugs into a computer. 11. [Boogie Board Scribble Pals](https://www.buffalogames.com/products/scribble-pals-dino-portable-doodle-tablet-for-children-boogie-board) (Boogie Board, $13 (Oct 2026), ages 3+). An animal-shaped LCD doodle pad for little kids. Draw, erase with one button, repeat. It is great for car trips and waiting rooms, with no apps or ads. 12. [Blipblox](https://blipblox.com/) (Playtime Engineering, ages 3+ (by model)). Colorful synthesizers and beat makers designed for kids, with real sound-design controls hidden in a toy-like body. Kids learn how sound is shaped by twisting knobs and listening. 13. [Teenage Engineering EP-133 K.O. II](https://teenage.engineering/products/ep-133) (Teenage Engineering, ages 13+). A pocket sampler and drum machine teens can use to record any sound and build beats. It is a serious music tool in a fun package, and a great answer to AI-made songs. 14. [Makey Makey Classic](https://makeymakey.com/products/makey-makey-kit) (Makey Makey, about $52 (Oct 2026), ages 8+). Turn bananas, foil or pencil drawings into keys and play music or games on a computer. It is invention in a box, and kids quickly start designing their own controllers. Watch for: Needs a computer with a USB port. 15. [Cricut Joy](https://cricut.com/en-us/cutting-machines/cricut-joy) (Cricut, ages 12+ with a parent). A small cutting machine for stickers, cards and labels. Older kids design on screen and then make the design real, a satisfying loop from computer to craft table. Watch for: Materials and the optional design subscription add cost. ### 13 books about AI and robots for kids, as gifts, by age Gifts and gear. Books are still the best way to talk with kids about what AI is, what it is not, and how we want to live with it. This list runs from picture books about giving robots clear instructions, through the robot novels that made a generation cry, to honest nonfiction for teens about bias and how machine learning really works. Each pick has a suggested age. For younger kids, read together and ask: was the robot thinking, or following rules? For teens, a book can start a better conversation than any lecture about chatbots. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/books-about-ai-and-robots-for-kids Good to know: Read robot books together and ask: is the robot thinking, or following rules? Some teen titles have violence or language. Check a review if you are unsure. AI changes fast; pair any nonfiction with a current conversation about the tools your kid uses. Libraries often have these; borrow first, gift the favorite. 1. [Hello Ruby: Adventures in Coding](https://www.helloruby.com/books) (Linda Liukas, ages 4-8). A small girl solves problems by breaking them into steps, with playful activities at the back. Part of a series that also explores inside the computer and the internet. 2. [How to Code a Sandcastle](https://www.joshfunkbooks.com/) (Josh Funk, ages 4-8). Pearl and her robot Rover use sequences, loops and if-then rules to build a sandcastle before the tide comes in. It is funny, clear and a natural way to start talking about instructions. 3. [Smart Fox: Robots & AI](https://thamesandkosmos.com/products/smart-fox-robots-ai) (Thames & Kosmos, ages 7-12). A browse-anywhere nonfiction book about robots and artificial intelligence, from early automatons to modern AI. Short, illustrated sections suit kids who like facts more than stories. 4. [Frank Einstein series](https://jonscieszka.com/) (Jon Scieszka, ages 7-10). A kid inventor and his two robots, Klink and Klank, get into science-powered trouble. These funny chapter books from a former National Ambassador for Young People's Literature sneak in real science. 5. [The Wild Robot](https://thewildrobot.com/) (Peter Brown, ages 6-12). A robot washes up on a wild island and learns to survive by learning from animals. A perfect family read-aloud, also a 2024 DreamWorks film. 6. [The Wild Robot Escapes and The Wild Robot Protects](https://www.peterbrownstudio.com/) (Peter Brown, ages 7-12). The sequels follow Roz the robot to a farm and then into an ocean crisis. They are gentle stories about learning, kindness and what makes a self, perfect for kids who loved the first book. 7. [The Last Human](https://www.leebaconbooks.com/) (Lee Bacon, ages 9-12). In a world run by robots, a 12-year-old girl is discovered, and three robot friends must decide what humans are worth. It is thoughtful, fast and funny, with real questions underneath. 8. [You Look Like a Thing and I Love You](https://www.janelleshane.com/) (Janelle Shane, ages 12+). Cartoons and real experiments show how AI learns and why it fails in weird and funny ways. It is the best AI explainer we know for readers 12 and up, and parents enjoy it too. 9. [Scythe](https://www.storyman.com/) (Neal Shusterman, ages 14+). In this future, an all-knowing AI called the Thunderhead runs the world and humans have conquered death. It raises big questions about power, trust and whether a perfect AI would be good for us. Watch for: Violence; better for older teens. 10. [The Murderbot Diaries](https://www.marthawells.com/) (Martha Wells, ages 15+). A security robot that hacked its own controls just wants to watch TV shows in peace. The series is funny and sharp about what makes a person, and it became a TV show in 2025. Watch for: Strong language and violence; better for older teens. 11. [Unmasking AI](https://www.unmasking.ai/) (Joy Buolamwini, ages 14+). How a graduate student found face recognition failing on darker skin and pushed tech companies to change. It is a great read for teens who care about fairness and want to see one person make a difference. 12. [Co-Intelligence](https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/741805/co-intelligence-by-ethan-mollick/) (Ethan Mollick, ages 15+). A practical book on using AI well for school and work, by a Wharton professor who studies it. It is balanced, not scary, and full of ideas a teen can try the same day. 13. [The Alignment Problem](https://brianchristian.org/the-alignment-problem/) (Brian Christian, ages 16+). How machine learning systems pick up the wrong lessons, and how researchers try to fix that. It is a deeper read for curious older teens who want to understand AI safety. ### Top 50 free game sites for kids (2026) Games. A list for the parent who needs a browser game in the next five minutes and wants to know what comes with it. Some of these sites teach on purpose, some are just for fun, and the free ones pay their bills somehow: with ads, upsells, or donations. We put the ad-free, no-account sites near the top and said plainly where ads show up. A good pick loads fast, needs no sign-up, keeps strangers out, and does not push a child toward a store. Treat the bottom of the list as places to visit together first. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/free-game-sites-for-kids-2026 Good to know: Free usually means ads. On kids' sites the ads should be filtered, but some still look like game buttons. Most sites need no account. If one asks for a child's email or real name, stop and read the privacy page first. Watch for upsells aimed at kids, like locked pets or outfits that only a paid member can use. Big game portals like Poki are not built only for children; set them up together and choose games side by side. Old favorites have closed: Nick Jr.'s and DisneyNOW's game pages no longer load, and Cartoon Network's games page now sends you to HBO Max. 1. [PBS KIDS Games](https://pbskids.org/games) (PBS KIDS, ages 2-8). Hundreds of short games starring Daniel Tiger, Wild Kratts and other PBS characters, each built around a skill like counting, rhyming or kindness. No account needed and nothing to buy. Watch for: No ads inside games, but PBS sponsor messages can appear around videos. 2. [Starfall](https://www.starfall.com/h/) (Starfall Education Foundation, ages 3-8). A nonprofit phonics site that walks children from letter sounds to reading short books. The free part is large, and there are no ads. Kids can tap through it on their own once they know the icons. Watch for: Many later activities sit behind a paid membership. 3. [Khan Academy Kids](https://apps.apple.com/us/app/khan-academy-kids/id1378467217) (Khan Academy, ages 2-8). A free app with reading, math and social-emotional lessons wrapped in friendly animal characters. It adapts to the child and has no ads or in-app purchases. Watch for: An app, not a web site; it needs a phone or tablet. 4. [Sesame Street Games](https://www.sesamestreet.org/games) (Sesame Workshop, ages 2-5). Simple games with Elmo, Cookie Monster and friends that practice letters, shapes and feelings. Gentle pacing that suits the youngest players. Each game is quick, so it fits a short wait at the doctor or a calm-down break. Watch for: Mostly short; older preschoolers may move on quickly. 5. [NASA Space Place](https://spaceplace.nasa.gov/menu/play/) (NASA, ages 6-12). Space and Earth science games, quizzes and make-it-yourself projects from NASA. Free, no ads, no accounts, and the science is checked by the people who do it. Watch for: Graphics are plain next to commercial sites. 6. [NASA Science Kids Games](https://science.nasa.gov/kids/games/) (NASA, ages 8-13). The old Climate Kids games now live here: short games about weather, climate, oceans and energy. Free and ad-free. Kids can follow up with the short NASA articles next to each game. Watch for: Some older games may not run on every tablet. 7. [Teach Your Monster](https://www.teachyourmonster.org/) (Teach Your Monster (Usborne Foundation), ages 3-7). Children design a monster and teach it to read or count by playing phonics and number games. The web versions are free from a nonprofit. Watch for: The phone and tablet apps may cost money; check before you install. 8. [Math Playground](https://www.mathplayground.com/) (Math Playground, ages 6-12). Logic puzzles, word-problem tools like Thinking Blocks, and math games for grades K-6, built by a former teacher. One of the most useful free math sites. Watch for: Shows ads on the free site. 9. [ABCya](https://www.abcya.com/) (ABCya, ages 4-11). Hundreds of games sorted by grade, from letter tracing to fractions and typing. Easy for a child to browse on their own. The grade tiles make it easy to steer a child to the right level. Watch for: Ads on the free version; a paid premium plan removes them. 10. [Toy Theater](https://toytheater.com/) (Toy Theater, ages 4-9). Clean, simple math, reading and art games plus virtual manipulatives that teachers use on classroom whiteboards. Little clutter on screen. The virtual coins, clocks and blocks are handy for homework help at home. Watch for: Ads on the free site; a paid plan removes them. 11. [National Geographic Kids Games](https://kids.nationalgeographic.com/games) (National Geographic, ages 6-12). Animal quizzes, puzzles and action games tied to Nat Geo's articles and photos. Good for a child who loves animals or far-off places. The quizzes are a fun way to check what a child read. Watch for: Expect ads and some promotion of Nat Geo products. 12. [Highlights Kids](https://www.highlightskids.com/games) (Highlights for Children, ages 4-10). Hidden Pictures, puzzles and quick games from the magazine many parents grew up with. Calm, wholesome and easy to hand to a young child. Most games are untimed, which suits careful kids. Watch for: Points families toward paid Highlights subscriptions. 13. [Funbrain](https://www.funbrain.com/) (Funbrain, ages 5-12). A long-running mix of math games, arcade-style games, videos and free online books. Kids have played it since the 1990s, and it still loads fast. Watch for: Ad-supported, and ads appear often between games. 14. [CoolMath4Kids](https://www.coolmath4kids.com/) (Coolmath, ages 5-11). The younger sibling of Coolmath Games, with arithmetic games, lessons and brain teasers for K-6. More math in it than the bigger site. Games are sorted by skill, from addition to fractions, so practice is easy to target. Watch for: Ad-supported; ads show around the games. 15. [Arcademics](https://www.arcademics.com/) (Arcademics, ages 6-12). Fast multiplayer race games for math facts, spelling and typing. Kids race each other in real time, which turns drill into a contest. Teachers can run whole-class races, and families can do the same at home. Watch for: Ads on the free site; a paid Plus plan adds reports and removes ads. 16. [Hooda Math](https://www.hoodamath.com/) (Hooda Math, ages 7-13). Escape-room and puzzle games with math hidden inside, plus straight practice games. Popular in middle school computer labs. The escape games ask kids to explore and reason, not just compute, which keeps older kids playing. Watch for: Ad-supported; some games are pure fun with little math. 17. [Sheppard Software](https://www.sheppardsoftware.com/) (Sheppard Software, ages 6-14). An older site with deep geography, science and math games. Its map quizzes for states and countries are still among the best free ones. Each map quiz has easy and hard levels, so kids can climb at their own pace. Watch for: Ads, and some games run slowly on phones. 18. [Turtle Diary](https://www.turtlediary.com/) (Turtle Diary, ages 3-10). Games, videos and quizzes from preschool to grade 5, sorted by subject. Wide coverage of early reading and math. Short videos explain a skill before the game, which helps when homework is confusing. Watch for: Ads on the free site and frequent prompts to join. 19. [Prodigy Math](https://www.prodigygame.com/main-en/) (Prodigy Education, ages 6-14). A fantasy role-playing game where battles are won by answering math questions. Children who resist worksheets will often play it for an hour. Teachers can assign skills, and parents can see what was practiced. Watch for: Free to play, but the game keeps showing paid membership perks to kids. 20. [SplashLearn](https://www.splashlearn.com/) (SplashLearn, ages 3-11). Math and reading games that follow a grade-level path from preschool to grade 5. Bright and easy to use. Lessons build in small steps, and kids get quick feedback after each answer. Watch for: Free tier is limited; the full program is a paid subscription. 21. [Duolingo ABC](https://www.duolingo.com/abc) (Duolingo, ages 3-7). A free early reading app from the Duolingo team with short phonics lessons and tracing. No ads and no subscription. Lessons take about five minutes and build toward reading short stories on their own. Watch for: App only; it does not run in a browser. 22. [Scratch](https://scratch.mit.edu/) (MIT Media Lab / Scratch Foundation, ages 8-16). Kids play millions of games other children made, then click 'See inside' to learn how they work and remix them. Free and nonprofit. It is the easiest way to turn game time into making time. Watch for: Comments and projects are moderated but shared publicly; teach kids not to post personal details. 23. [CodeAI (formerly Code.org)](https://code.org/en-US) (CodeAI, ages 4-18). Free coding and AI lessons with game themes like Minecraft and Dance Party. Code.org became CodeAI in June 2026; the courses are still free. Most one-hour activities run in a browser with no install. Watch for: Kids under 13 should sign up with a parent or teacher. 24. [Blockly Games](https://blockly.games/) (Google (open source), ages 8-14). A short series of puzzle games that teach real programming ideas, ending with JavaScript. No account, no ads, works offline once loaded. Each level adds one new idea, so kids rarely feel lost. Watch for: Plain look; younger kids may need help reading the instructions. 25. [Dance Mat Typing](https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/topics/zf2f9j6/articles/z3c6tfr) (BBC Bitesize, ages 6-11). Silly animal hosts teach the home row and beyond in 12 short stages. A free classic for first typing lessons. Each stage takes about ten minutes, which suits young attention spans. Watch for: Made for UK schools, so a few words and accents may be new. 26. [Typing.com](https://www.typing.com/) (Teaching.com, ages 7-18). Free typing lessons from first keys to speed drills, plus a games section. Many schools use it, so kids can keep going at home. Progress saves to an account, so kids can see their speed climb over weeks. Watch for: Free version may show ads; school accounts are often ad-free. 27. [Nitro Type](https://www.nitrotype.com/) (Teaching.com, ages 8-16). A racing game where you drive faster by typing faster. Kids race strangers or friends and earn cars. Kids can make a team with friends and race only each other. Watch for: Ads, a paid Gold membership, and a car-and-cash reward loop that can get grindy. 28. [Seterra](https://www.seterra.com/) (GeoGuessr, ages 8-adult). Hundreds of map quizzes for countries, capitals, flags, states and rivers. Fast, clear and good for test prep. Kids can pick a single region, like South America or the US states, and learn it piece by piece. Watch for: Ad-supported; an account is optional for saving scores. 29. [Chrome Music Lab](https://musiclab.chromeexperiments.com/) (Google, ages 4-adult). Playful experiments with rhythm, melody, sound waves and chords. No account, no ads, and kids learn how music works by poking at it. Song Maker lets kids compose and share a tune in minutes. Watch for: Uses the microphone in a few experiments; the browser will ask first. 30. [Google Arts & Culture Play](https://artsandculture.google.com/play) (Google Arts & Culture, ages 6-adult). Free puzzle, coloring and guessing games built from real museum art. A gentle way into famous paintings and places. Puzzle Party and the art coloring books are good places to start. Watch for: Some features ask you to sign in with Google. 31. [Google Doodle games](https://doodles.google/search/?doodle_type=interactive) (Google, ages 6-adult). The archive of playable Doodles, including the Coding for Carrots game and the Champion Island sports quest. Quick and free. Some Doodles also teach a bit of history about the person or event they celebrate. Watch for: Short games; good for five minutes, not an afternoon. 32. [Lichess](https://lichess.org/) (Lichess (nonprofit), ages 7-adult). Free, open-source chess with puzzles, lessons and games against the computer or people. No ads, ever. The puzzle trainer adjusts to your level, and the learn section teaches each piece from scratch. Kids can play family members by sharing a link. Watch for: Turn on Kid mode in settings to hide chat with strangers. 33. [ChessKid](https://www.chesskid.com/) (Chess.com, ages 5-13). Chess made for children, with video lessons, puzzles and play against other kids in a filtered space. Many school chess clubs use it. Kids can join a coach-run club or play family members. Watch for: Free tier is limited; premium membership unlocks most lessons. 34. [iCivics](https://www.icivics.org/games) (iCivics, ages 10-16). Free civics games where kids run a law firm, argue a court case or try to win an election. Started by Justice Sandra Day O'Connor. Watch for: Aimed at classrooms; some games need a free account. 35. [Mission US](https://www.mission-us.org/) (WNET / THIRTEEN, ages 11-16). Story games where kids live through moments in American history, from the Revolution to the Dust Bowl, and make hard choices. Each mission takes about an hour or two. Watch for: Some missions deal with slavery and violence; preview with younger kids. 36. [Freerice](https://freerice.com/) (World Food Programme, ages 8-adult). Answer vocabulary, math or geography questions and each right answer funds rice for people in need. Kids like that it counts for something. Levels rise as you answer correctly. Watch for: Shows sponsor ads, which help pay for the rice. 37. [Polypad](https://polypad.amplify.com/) (Amplify (formerly Mathigon), ages 6-16). A free canvas of digital math tools: fraction bars, algebra tiles, dice, number lines and more. Kids can build and explore freely. Teachers share ready-made puzzles that open right in the tool. Watch for: More a toy box than a game; works best with a puzzle to solve. 38. [MakeCode Arcade](https://arcade.makecode.com/) (Microsoft, ages 9-16). Kids make retro arcade games with blocks or JavaScript and play them right in the browser. Free and no account needed to start. Built-in tutorials walk kids through their first game step by step. Watch for: Sharing a game makes a public link; check what your child shares. 39. [LEGO games for kids](https://kids.lego.com/en-us/games) (The LEGO Group, ages 5-10). Free web games starring LEGO themes like City, Friends and Ninjago. Just for fun, and well made. Some games let kids build vehicles or creatures, which adds a little design thinking to the fun. Watch for: Every game is also an ad for LEGO sets. 40. [San Diego Zoo Wildlife Explorers](https://sdzwildlifeexplorers.org/games) (San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance, ages 5-10). Animal games and activities from the zoo, with real animal facts mixed in. Calm and free. The site also has animal fact pages and videos from the zoo's keepers, so a game can lead into reading. Watch for: A small collection; good for an animal fan, not a long session. 41. [CBeebies Games](https://www.bbc.co.uk/cbeebies/games) (BBC, ages 2-6). Short games from BBC preschool shows like Hey Duggee and Numberblocks. Simple taps for small hands. Big buttons, spoken instructions and no reading needed, so a three-year-old can play alone. Watch for: Some videos and games are limited outside the UK. 42. [Education.com Games](https://www.education.com/resources/games/) (Education.com (IXL Learning), ages 4-11). A large library of grade-sorted games for reading, math and typing, plus printable worksheets. Games are sorted by grade and skill, which makes it easy to match what a class is learning this week. Watch for: Only a few free plays before it asks you to pay. 43. [RoomRecess](https://www.roomrecess.com/) (RoomRecess, ages 5-11). Free math, reading and spelling games made by a teacher. Plain but focused. Games are sorted by subject and grade, and most of them take just a few minutes to play through. Watch for: Ad-supported; ads show beside the games. 44. [Mr. Nussbaum](https://mrnussbaum.com/) (MrNussbaum.com, ages 6-13). Thousands of games and activities across math, geography, history and science, built by a teacher. The geography and history games stand out, with interactive maps and short reading passages for older kids. Watch for: Lots of ads on the free site; a paid plan removes them. 45. [Ducksters Games](https://www.ducksters.com/games/) (Ducksters, ages 7-13). Simple games and quizzes that pair with Ducksters' plain-language history, science and biography pages. It works best as a reward after reading one of the site's short articles about a topic. Watch for: Ad-supported; the games are basic. 46. [Wordle](https://www.nytimes.com/games/wordle/index.html) (The New York Times, ages 8-adult). One five-letter word a day in six guesses. Short, free and great to share at the dinner table. Younger kids can play as a team with a parent. Watch for: Free to play; the NYT asks you to make an account to save streaks. 47. [Globle](https://globle-game.com/) (Globle, ages 8-adult). Guess the mystery country; each guess turns hotter or colder on a 3D globe. A daily geography game families can share. It quietly teaches which countries border which. Watch for: Ad-supported; ads show below the globe. 48. [Coolmath Games](https://www.coolmathgames.com/) (Coolmath, ages 8-14). A huge school-friendly arcade of logic, strategy and skill games. Despite the name, most games are about thinking, not arithmetic. Good picks include the strategy and logic sections. Watch for: Lots of ads unless you pay; many games have little math in them. 49. [PrimaryGames](https://www.primarygames.com/) (PrimaryGames, ages 5-11). Holiday games, crafts and simple learning games sorted by season and subject. The seasonal pages are fun around holidays, and some games practice math, reading and spelling for early grades. Watch for: Heavy ads, and some are hard to tell apart from games. 50. [Poki](https://poki.com/) (Poki, ages 8-adult). A big portal of free browser games, from puzzles to racing. Fun-only, but the puzzle and physics games are a decent brain workout. It loads fast with no installs. Watch for: Not a kids-only site: ads before games, and some titles are violent. Pick games together. ### 20 best free learning game sites for kids Games. These are the sites where the game is the lesson. Every one is free to use, and most need no account. We favored sites built by teachers, nonprofits and public media, and we ranked down sites where ads crowd the screen. A good learning site sticks to one skill per game, gives quick feedback, and lets a child stop without losing progress. The catch with free: some of these run on ads and some keep a paid tier in view. We tell you which. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/best-free-learning-game-sites Good to know: Public media and nonprofit sites (PBS KIDS, Sesame, NASA, Starfall) are the safest free picks: no ads in games and no data grabs. Ad-supported sites can show ads that look like 'Play' buttons. Teach kids to find the real one. If a site asks for your child's email, use your own or skip it. School logins often unlock ad-free versions of these sites. Ask your child's teacher. 1. [PBS KIDS Games](https://pbskids.org/games) (PBS KIDS, ages 2-8). The gold standard for young children. Each game is built with educators around a clear goal, like counting, rhyming or science observation, and stars characters kids already know. Watch for: No ads in games and no account. Sponsor messages appear around video. 2. [Starfall](https://www.starfall.com/h/) (Starfall Education Foundation, ages 3-8). A phonics path from ABCs to 'I'm Reading', run by a nonprofit. Many US kindergartens use it, so kids often recognize it. The steps are clearly labeled, so parents can see exactly where a child is on the path. Watch for: No ads; a paid membership unlocks the rest and funds the free part. 3. [Math Playground](https://www.mathplayground.com/math-games.html) (Math Playground, ages 6-12). Hundreds of math and logic games for K-6, plus Thinking Blocks, which teaches kids to draw word problems as bar models. The logic games section is a good stop for kids who already know their facts. Watch for: Ad-supported; ads show around each game. 4. [ABCya](https://www.abcya.com/) (ABCya, ages 4-11). Grade-sorted games for reading, math, typing and art, made with teachers. Easy for kids to find their own level. Games cover typing and art too, so it works beyond math and reading. Watch for: Ads on the free site; premium removes them. 5. [CoolMath4Kids](https://www.coolmath4kids.com/math-games) (Coolmath, ages 5-11). Math games and lessons for K-6 from the Coolmath team, with more real math than the older-kid Coolmath Games site. There are short lessons alongside the games, which help when a child gets stuck. Watch for: Ad-supported; ads show around the games. 6. [Funbrain](https://www.funbrain.com/games) (Funbrain, ages 5-12). A mix of math practice, reading games and free online books. Kids have played it since the 1990s. The math games are sorted by grade, and the reading section has full books kids can read online for free. Watch for: Ads appear often, including before some games. 7. [National Geographic Kids Games](https://kids.nationalgeographic.com/games) (National Geographic, ages 6-12). Animal and world quizzes, puzzles and quick action games. Pair a game with one of Nat Geo Kids' animal pages. The personality quizzes are silly but get kids reading about animals. Watch for: Ads and Nat Geo product promotion. 8. [Teach Your Monster](https://www.teachyourmonster.org/) (Teach Your Monster (Usborne Foundation), ages 3-7). Kids teach a monster to read or count, practicing phonics and number sense as they go. Built with researchers and free on the web. Many UK schools use it. Watch for: Free on the web; the iOS app version has a price. 9. [Sesame Street Games](https://www.sesamestreet.org/games) (Sesame Workshop, ages 2-5). Short, gentle games on letters, numbers and feelings, from the people who have studied preschool TV for 50 years. Games cover emotions and kindness as well as letters and numbers. Watch for: Very short games; older preschoolers may outgrow them. 10. [NASA Space Place](https://spaceplace.nasa.gov/menu/play/) (NASA, ages 6-12). Space and Earth science games and quizzes, free and accurate, from the agency that runs the missions. Each game links to short, kid-level articles about the real science behind it, written for upper elementary readers. Watch for: Simple graphics that flashy-game fans may find plain. 11. [Toy Theater](https://toytheater.com/) (Toy Theater, ages 4-9). Math and reading games plus virtual base-ten blocks, clocks and coins that help explain classroom lessons at home. Games load fast and avoid clutter, which helps distractible kids. Watch for: Ad-supported; paid plan removes ads. 12. [Sheppard Software](https://www.sheppardsoftware.com/) (Sheppard Software, ages 6-14). Deep map quizzes, science games and math drills. Its US states and world geography games stand out. Each quiz has a learning mode before the test mode, which builds confidence first. Watch for: Ads, and an older design that can lag on phones. 13. [Arcademics](https://www.arcademics.com/) (Arcademics, ages 6-12). Multiplayer racing games for math facts and spelling. Great for fluency practice with a sibling. Kids can race classmates or random players, and the games work on tablets and laptops alike. Watch for: Ads on the free site. 14. [Hooda Math](https://www.hoodamath.com/) (Hooda Math, ages 7-13). Math practice and puzzle-based escape games aimed at older elementary and middle school. Many games are short escape rooms that reward careful thinking, and the practice games are sorted by grade and topic. Watch for: Ads; not every game is mathy. 15. [Turtle Diary](https://www.turtlediary.com/) (Turtle Diary, ages 3-10). Games and quizzes across subjects for preschool to grade 5, sorted by grade and skill. Games come with short videos and printable worksheets, so a skill can be taught, played and practiced on paper. Watch for: Ads and prompts to sign up. 16. [Legends of Learning](https://www.legendsoflearning.com/) (Legends of Learning, ages 6-14). Thousands of short, standards-aligned science, math and social studies games. Free for teachers and their students. Each game takes about ten minutes, and teachers can assign them by topic. Watch for: Built for classrooms; home use options change, so check the current plans. 17. [iCivics](https://www.icivics.org/games) (iCivics, ages 10-16). Role-play games about government, rights and courts that make civics feel like a strategy game. Kids try being a judge, a lawmaker or a president and see how the branches of government push on each other. Watch for: Some games need a free account. 18. [Mission US](https://www.mission-us.org/) (WNET / THIRTEEN, ages 11-16). Choice-driven history games where kids live through key moments in American history as young characters. Each mission comes with teacher guides and primary sources, so it can spark real family talk about history. Watch for: Mature historical themes; preview first. 19. [Blockly Games](https://blockly.games/) (Google (open source), ages 8-14). Puzzle games that teach loops, conditions and functions, then hand kids real JavaScript at the end. It runs in many languages, needs no account, and each puzzle adds just one new idea. Watch for: No ads or accounts; reading needed. 20. [Highlights Kids](https://www.highlightskids.com/games) (Highlights for Children, ages 4-10). Hidden Pictures and puzzle games that build attention and visual skills. A calm choice. Hidden Pictures and the jokes section are favorites, and the site keeps a gentle tone that suits young kids. Watch for: Promotes paid Highlights magazines and subscriptions. ### 20 best math games for kids (apps, web and board) Games. Good math games make kids think about numbers, not just tap fast. This list mixes apps, free web games and board games, because the best math practice often happens at the kitchen table with dice. We looked for games that build number sense, give kids a reason to calculate, and grow with them. We also flag the common catches: subscriptions, upsell screens aimed at kids, and fact drills that reward speed so hard that slower thinkers give up. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/best-math-games-for-kids Good to know: Timed fact drills help with fluency but can make anxious kids hate math. Mix in untimed puzzle games. Prodigy and similar free games show paid perks to children. Decide ahead of time whether you will buy, and say so. Board games count. Ten minutes of Sleeping Queens or Prime Climb is real math practice. Check for a school login first; many schools already pay for math programs your child can use at home. 1. [Prime Climb](https://mathforlove.com/games/prime-climb/) (Math for Love, ages 8-adult). A race board game where you add, subtract, multiply and divide to move. The color-coded board shows prime factors, so kids absorb multiplication patterns while trying to win. Watch for: Gets competitive; younger kids may need a partner. 2. [Tiny Polka Dot](https://mathforlove.com/games/tiny-polka-dot/) (Math for Love, ages 3-8). A deck of number cards with dots, ten-frames and tallies, plus a booklet of games that grow from matching to adding. It grows with a child for years. 3. [DragonBox](https://dragonbox.com/) (Kahoot! / DragonBox, ages 4-14). Apps that teach algebra, geometry and big numbers as puzzles, so kids solve equations before they know they are doing algebra. Each app takes on one big idea at a time. Watch for: Now sold through a Kahoot! subscription or as separate purchases; check current pricing. 4. [Math Playground Thinking Blocks](https://www.mathplayground.com/thinkingblocks.html) (Math Playground, ages 7-12). Kids model word problems with colored bars before solving them, the same method used in Singapore math. Free. Picturing a problem first is a skill kids will use all the way to algebra. Watch for: Ads appear on the Math Playground site. 5. [Prodigy Math](https://www.prodigygame.com/main-en/) (Prodigy Education, ages 6-14). A fantasy adventure where each spell takes a math answer. It adapts to grade level and keeps reluctant kids going. Many schools assign it, so kids may already have a login. Watch for: Free core game, but paid membership perks are shown to kids often. 6. [Polypad](https://polypad.amplify.com/) (Amplify, ages 6-16). Free digital manipulatives: fraction bars, algebra tiles, number lines and dice. Great for open-ended building and exploring. Try a fraction challenge or a tangram puzzle to give play a goal, then let kids build their own patterns. Watch for: More a sandbox than a game. 7. [Desmos](https://www.desmos.com/) (Desmos, ages 11-adult). A free graphing calculator teens use to make art and puzzles. Desmos's classroom activities include games like Marbleslides. Its free activities show teens that equations can draw pictures. Watch for: Best for middle school and up. 8. [Zearn](https://www.zearn.org/) (Zearn (nonprofit), ages 5-12). A nonprofit K-8 math program with digital lessons and visual models. Many schools assign it, and it is free for families. Kids watch a short lesson, then practice with games and puzzles. Watch for: Feels more like lessons than a game for some kids. 9. [99math](https://www.99math.com/) (99math, ages 6-13). Free live multiplayer math games where a class, or a family, races through problems together. A parent can start a game, share the code, and have siblings play on separate devices against each other. Watch for: Designed for classrooms; needs a host. 10. [Arcademics](https://www.arcademics.com/) (Arcademics, ages 6-12). Racing and arcade games for addition, multiplication, fractions and more, played against other kids live. Games like Alien Addition and Grand Prix Multiplication have been classroom favorites for years. Watch for: Ads on free version; speed-focused. 11. [KenKen](https://www.kenkenpuzzle.com/) (KenKen Puzzle, ages 8-adult). Grid puzzles like Sudoku, but each box needs arithmetic to solve. Daily free puzzles from easy 3x3 to hard 9x9. It builds number sense and logic together. Watch for: Ads on the free site. 12. [Sum Swamp](https://www.learningresources.com/sum-swamp-addition-subtraction-game) (Learning Resources, ages 5-8). A board game where kids roll dice and add or subtract to move through a swamp. Short games and simple rules. Odd and even spaces add a little extra math to each turn. 13. [Sleeping Queens](https://www.gamewright.com/product/Sleeping-Queens) (Gamewright, ages 6-10). A card game invented by a 6-year-old. Kids play simple equations to wake up queens, so addition becomes a winning move. Rounds take about 20 minutes. 14. [Zeus on the Loose](https://www.gamewright.com/product/Zeus-on-the-Loose) (Gamewright, ages 8-12). Players add cards to a running total up to 100 while grabbing the Zeus figure. Quick mental addition. It also introduces Greek myths, and rounds take about 15 minutes. 15. [Rat-a-Tat Cat](https://www.gamewright.com/product/Rat-a-Tat-Cat) (Gamewright, ages 6-10). A memory card game about getting the lowest total. Builds addition, memory and planning in about 10 minutes. It works with as few as two players. 16. [Math Dice](https://www.ravensburger.us/en-US/products/games/thinkfun/math-dice-44001510) (ThinkFun (Ravensburger), ages 8-adult). Roll a target number, then combine other dice with any operations to hit it. A pocket-size game for restaurants and car rides. It works for one player, too. 17. [Qwixx](https://www.gamewright.com/product/Qwixx) (Gamewright, ages 8-adult). A fast roll-and-write dice game. Kids add dice and weigh risk, and adults enjoy it just as much. The rules fit on a card, and a game takes about 15 minutes. 18. [Big Brain Academy: Brain vs. Brain](https://www.nintendo.com/us/store/products/big-brain-academy-brain-vs-brain-switch/) (Nintendo, ages 6-adult). Quick puzzles for memory, counting, sorting and logic, with difficulty set per player so parents and kids can compete fairly. ESRB: Everyone. It also works for quick family tournaments. Watch for: Light on deep math; more a mental warm-up. 19. [Bedtime Math](https://bedtimemath.org/) (Bedtime Math Foundation, ages 3-10). A free nightly math story problem at three levels, from 'wee ones' to big kids. Two minutes, no screen needed if you read it aloud. 20. [Hit the Button](https://www.topmarks.co.uk/maths-games/hit-the-button) (Topmarks, ages 6-11). A fast, free times-tables and number-bonds game used in many UK schools. Kids can pick exactly which facts to practice. It works well on phones and tablets. Watch for: Ads; timed play can stress some kids. ### 16 best reading and word games for kids Games. Reading games work best when they practice one piece of the puzzle: letter sounds, blending, sight words, spelling or vocabulary. This list runs from phonics games for pre-readers to word puzzles that stretch older kids. Some are apps, some are web games, and a few are tabletop games that make spelling social. A good reading game says sounds clearly, does not reward random tapping, and gets out of the way when the child is ready for real books. We note where a subscription or ads come along. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/best-reading-and-word-games-for-kids Good to know: For new readers, choose games that say letter sounds out loud and match how school teaches phonics. Apps can't replace reading real books together. Use games for practice, books for the love of it. Many reading apps are subscriptions after a free trial; set a reminder before it renews. Watch for games that reward tapping fast over getting it right. 1. [Starfall Learn to Read](https://www.starfall.com/h/ltr-classic/) (Starfall Education Foundation, ages 3-7). Short, sound-by-sound phonics games and stories that move from single letters to simple books. Free from a nonprofit, with no ads. It is a good bridge before school phonics starts. Watch for: Later levels need a paid membership. 2. [Teach Your Monster to Read](https://www.teachyourmonster.org/) (Teach Your Monster (Usborne Foundation), ages 3-6). Kids build a monster and help it travel by matching sounds to letters and blending words. Designed with reading researchers. It covers phonics from first sounds to reading short sentences. Watch for: Free online; the iOS app is paid. 3. [Endless Alphabet](https://originatorkids.com/endless-alphabet/) (Originator, ages 2-6). Silly monsters act out big words while kids drag talking letters into place. Builds letter sounds and vocabulary. There are no scores or failures, so even toddlers can play happily without getting upset. Watch for: Paid app; some word packs cost extra. 4. [PBS KIDS Story Games](https://pbskids.org/games/story-games) (PBS KIDS, ages 3-8). Free reading and story games with characters like Martha Speaks and Super Why. No ads and no account. Many games ask kids to put a story in order or pick the right word, which builds comprehension. 5. [Khan Academy Kids](https://apps.apple.com/us/app/khan-academy-kids/id1378467217) (Khan Academy, ages 2-8). A free app with phonics, read-along books and writing practice that adapts to your child. No ads. The library has hundreds of books that read aloud, so pre-readers can follow along. 6. [Duolingo ABC](https://www.duolingo.com/abc) (Duolingo, ages 3-7). Bite-size phonics and tracing lessons from Duolingo. Free, no ads, and short enough for a car ride. It was built with reading experts and works offline once lessons download. Watch for: App only; it does not run in a browser. 7. [Night Zookeeper](https://www.nightzookeeper.com/) (Night Zookeeper, ages 6-12). A writing and reading game where kids care for magical animals by writing about them, with feedback from human tutors. Kids who hate writing often start writing more to earn rewards. Watch for: Paid subscription after a trial. 8. [Scribblenauts Mega Pack](https://www.nintendo.com/us/store/products/scribblenauts-mega-pack-switch/) (Warner Bros. Games, ages 8-12). Type any noun and it appears in the game to solve the puzzle. Kids learn that a bigger vocabulary means more ways to win. ESRB: Everyone 10+. Watch for: Cartoon violence is possible if kids summon it. 9. [Vocabulary.com](https://www.vocabulary.com/) (Vocabulary.com, ages 11-adult). An adaptive word game that learns which words you know and quizzes the rest. Strong for middle and high school. Teens can practice lists from their own school reading, like a novel assigned in English class. Watch for: Free tier is limited; ads and a paid plan. 10. [Freerice](https://freerice.com/) (World Food Programme, ages 8-adult). Vocabulary questions that grow harder as you get them right; every right answer funds rice for hungry families. Kids can see a running total of how much rice they have donated. Watch for: Sponsor ads help pay for the donated rice. 11. [Zingo](https://www.ravensburger.us/en-US/products/games/thinkfun/zingo-44007700) (ThinkFun (Ravensburger), ages 4-8). A fast picture-and-word bingo with a tile slider kids love. Early readers match words to pictures without noticing they are reading. Rounds take only a few minutes. 12. [Bananagrams](https://www.moosetoys.com/products/bananagrams) (Moose Toys, ages 7-adult). Race to build your own crossword grid from letter tiles. No board, no turns, and it scales from short words to long ones. The bag travels well. Watch for: Young spellers need a helper or a head start. 13. [Letter Jam](https://www.czechgames.com/games/letter-jam) (Czech Games Edition, ages 10-adult). A team word game where you can see everyone's letter but your own. Players give word clues to help each other figure out their letters. 14. [Squaredle](https://squaredle.app/) (Squaredle, ages 9-adult). A daily word search where letters connect in any direction, like Boggle in a grid. Good for spelling patterns. There is a bonus word each day and a gentle hint system. Watch for: Ad-supported; ads show below the puzzle. 15. [Wordle](https://www.nytimes.com/games/wordle/index.html) (The New York Times, ages 8-adult). One five-letter word a day. Early readers can play as a team with a parent and talk through which letters fit. It teaches letter patterns and smart guessing. 16. [Spelling Bee](https://www.nytimes.com/puzzles/spelling-bee) (The New York Times, ages 9-adult). Make words from seven letters, always using the center one. Even a few words feels like a win, so mixed ages can play together. Rank names reward progress. Watch for: Full play needs an NYT Games subscription; check current terms. ### 14 best typing games for kids Games. Typing is still a life skill, even with voice input and AI helpers everywhere. Kids who type well write more, and they spend less brain power hunting for keys. The best typing games teach the home row first, keep eyes on the screen, and reward accuracy before speed. This list starts with free tutors for young kids and moves to faster games for tweens and teens. Note the ads on many free sites, and the racing games where kids play strangers. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/best-typing-games-for-kids Good to know: Accuracy first. Kids who rush learn bad habits that are hard to undo. Racing games like Nitro Type put kids against strangers; check chat and friend settings. Skip The Typing of The Dead: Overkill for kids. It is rated M for Mature. Ten minutes a day beats one long session a week. 1. [Dance Mat Typing](https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/topics/zf2f9j6/articles/z3c6tfr) (BBC Bitesize, ages 6-10). Twelve short, silly lessons with animal hosts that teach the home row and every row after. Free and a good first step. Kids can do one stage a day. Watch for: Uses UK terms; that rarely matters. 2. [TypingClub](https://www.typingclub.com/) (EdClub, ages 7-adult). A step-by-step typing course with hundreds of short lessons, videos and games. Many US schools use it. Lessons are short, with stars and badges for accuracy, and teachers can track progress. Watch for: Free version may show ads; school accounts are often ad-free. 3. [Typing.com](https://www.typing.com/student/lessons) (Teaching.com, ages 7-adult). Free lessons from beginner to advanced, plus a games page for practice. Also includes digital citizenship lessons. Progress saves to a free account, and lessons cover every key on the keyboard. Watch for: Free version may show ads. 4. [Typing.com Games](https://www.typing.com/student/games) (Teaching.com, ages 7-14). Arcade-style typing games that pair with the Typing.com lessons. Good for kids who need a reward after drills. Games are sorted by skill level, so a beginner is not thrown into a speed contest. Watch for: Ads on the free site. 5. [Nitro Type](https://www.nitrotype.com/) (Teaching.com, ages 8-16). Type to race cars against other players. It turns speed practice into a contest kids ask to play. The fun of beating a friend's speed keeps many kids practicing for months. Watch for: Ads, paid Gold membership, and racing strangers; chat is limited. 6. [KidzType](https://www.kidztype.com/) (KidzType, ages 5-11). Free typing lessons and games for young kids, including a Dance Mat-style track. Lessons start with the home row and use simple words, and games add a bit of fun between drills. Watch for: Ad-supported; ads show around lessons and games. 7. [Keybr](https://www.keybr.com/) (Keybr, ages 10-adult). Adaptive lessons that find your weak keys and drill them. Plain, no-nonsense and free. It uses made-up words that drill letter patterns, which builds real speed for older kids who already know the keys. Watch for: Not built for little kids. 8. [ZType](https://zty.pe/) (PhobosLab, ages 10-adult). A space shooter where typing words destroys incoming ships. Fast, free and fun for tweens. The words get longer and the ships faster as you go, so it is a good test of real skill. Watch for: Shooting theme with ships, though cartoonish and bloodless. 9. [TypingGames.Zone](https://www.typinggames.zone/) (TypingGames.Zone, ages 6-14). Over a hundred short typing games sorted by level, from single letters to sentences. Games are sorted by grade and skill level, and most work on any computer with no download. Watch for: Ad-supported; ads show around the games. 10. [Ratatype](https://www.ratatype.com/) (Ratatype, ages 9-adult). Clean typing lessons and a typing test that awards a certificate. Good for tweens with a goal. Its lessons are clear and focused on accuracy. Watch for: Ads on the free tier. 11. [Epistory: Typing Chronicles](https://store.steampowered.com/app/398850/Epistory__Typing_Chronicles/) (Fishing Cactus, about $15 (Oct 2026), ages 10-adult). A beautiful paper-craft adventure where every action, from walking to fighting, is a typed word. Teens forget they are practicing. It is great for middle schoolers. Watch for: Some spooky fights; not ESRB-rated on Steam, so preview. 12. [Nanotale: Typing Chronicles](https://store.steampowered.com/app/944920/Nanotale__Typing_Chronicles/) (Fishing Cactus, about $20 (Oct 2026), ages 10-adult). The follow-up to Epistory: an archivist explores a magical world by typing spells and words. Longer and more story-driven. It suits kids who already know the keys. Watch for: Combat themes; preview for younger kids. 13. [Keyboard Sports: Saving QWERTY](https://store.steampowered.com/app/700720/Keyboard_Sports__Saving_QWERTY/) (Triband, ages 8-14). A free, goofy game that uses the whole keyboard as a playing field. Builds key awareness in a new way. Each key has a place, and kids learn the layout by running across it. Watch for: Teaches key locations, not proper touch typing. 14. [Monkeytype](https://monkeytype.com/) (Monkeytype (open source), ages 12-adult). A clean, free typing test teens love for tracking words per minute. Lots of themes and modes. Teens can pick word lists, quotes or timed tests, and see words per minute and accuracy right away. Watch for: Optional accounts and public leaderboards; 13+ for accounts is a safe rule. ### 17 best geography and history games for kids Games. Geography and history stick when kids can explore: spin a globe, guess where a photo was taken, or make a choice and live with what happens. This list mixes free map quizzes, daily guessing games, story games about the past, big strategy games for older kids, and a few board games. A good pick connects facts to places and people instead of drilling lists. Some history games handle hard topics like war and slavery, and we say where you should preview first. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/best-geography-and-history-games Good to know: History games may include war, slavery or disease. Play the first part yourself or alongside your child. Street View games show real places with real people and signs; they can surprise you. GeoGuessr's terms set 16 as the age without a guardian's consent; read them before signing up a child. Check ESRB ratings, not just box art. Strategy games are often Everyone 10+. 1. [Seterra](https://www.seterra.com/) (GeoGuessr, ages 8-adult). Hundreds of free map quizzes for countries, capitals, states, flags and rivers. The fastest way to learn a map. A five-minute session a day adds up to knowing the world map within a few weeks. Watch for: Ad-supported; an account is optional. 2. [Google Earth](https://earth.google.com/web/) (Google, ages 7-adult). Fly anywhere on Earth in 3D. The Voyager stories include guided tours and the Carmen Sandiego detective capers. Search your own street, then fly to a place from a book your child is reading. Watch for: Street-level imagery can show anything; stay nearby for younger kids. 3. [Globle](https://globle-game.com/) (Globle, ages 8-adult). Guess the daily mystery country; each guess shows how close you are on a 3D globe. Each wrong guess still teaches which countries are near the answer. Watch for: Ad-supported; ads show below the globe. 4. [Worldle](https://worldle.teuteuf.fr/) (Teuteuf, ages 9-adult). Guess a country from its outline, with hints for distance and direction. Daily and free. Hints point you toward the answer, so you learn neighbors and directions as you play. Watch for: Ad-supported; ads show around the puzzle. 5. [Flagle](https://www.flagle.io/) (Flagle, ages 8-adult). Reveal a hidden flag one piece at a time and guess the country. A daily five-minute game. It sneaks in flag knowledge in small doses, and the same team makes other daily geography games. Watch for: Ad-supported; ads show around the puzzle. 6. [Toporopa](https://www.toporopa.eu/) (Toporopa, ages 8-14). Free map games about Europe's countries, rivers, mountains and cities, in several languages. Games run from easy country placement to rivers and mountain ranges, so kids can steadily raise the challenge. Watch for: Covers Europe only, not the rest of the world. 7. [GeoGuessr](https://www.geoguessr.com/) (GeoGuessr, ages 13-adult). Dropped somewhere on Street View, players use clues like road signs and plants to guess where they are. A detective game for geography. Play it together on the couch. Watch for: Terms say players must be 16 or have a guardian's consent; paid subscription; messaging with others. 8. [TimeGuessr](https://timeguessr.com/) (TimeGuessr, ages 11-adult). Guess where and when a historical photo was taken. It teaches kids to read clues in clothes, cars and buildings. Each answer comes with a short caption. Watch for: Some photos show war or disaster; play together. 9. [Mission US](https://www.mission-us.org/) (WNET / THIRTEEN, ages 11-16). Free story games about the American Revolution, slavery, westward expansion, immigration and the Dust Bowl, seen through young characters. Each takes about an hour or two. Watch for: Hard topics are handled honestly; preview each mission. 10. [iCivics](https://www.icivics.org/games) (iCivics, ages 10-16). Free games about how government works, from the Bill of Rights to running a campaign. Win the White House and Do I Have a Right? are popular picks that teach elections and the Bill of Rights. Watch for: Some need a free account. 11. [The Oregon Trail](https://www.nintendo.com/us/store/products/the-oregon-trail-switch/) (Gameloft, ages 8-adult). A modern remake of the classic trail game, with resource choices and more care in showing Native American history. ESRB: Everyone. It is also on Apple Arcade. Watch for: Also on Steam, about $30 (Oct 2026). 12. [Sid Meier's Civilization VII](https://store.steampowered.com/app/1295660/Sid_Meiers_Civilization_VII/) (2K / Firaxis, about $70 list (Oct 2026), ages 10-adult). Lead a civilization from ancient times to the modern age. Teens learn how geography, trade and technology shape history. ESRB: Everyone 10+. The in-game encyclopedia, the Civilopedia, has real history behind each leader and wonder. Watch for: Long sessions; one more turn is real. 13. [Discovery Tour: Ancient Egypt](https://store.steampowered.com/app/775430/Discovery_Tour_by_Assassins_Creed_Ancient_Egypt/) (Ubisoft, about $20 (Oct 2026), ages 10-adult). A combat-free museum mode built from Assassin's Creed, with guided tours of ancient Egypt by historians. Ubisoft also offers teacher guides. Kids walk the pyramids and markets at their own pace, with short quizzes along the way. Watch for: The Steam listing shows an ESRB Teen rating; check before buying for younger kids. 14. [Microsoft Flight Simulator 2024](https://store.steampowered.com/app/2537590/Microsoft_Flight_Simulator_2024/) (Microsoft / Asobo, about $70 (Oct 2026), ages 8-adult). Fly over a detailed model of the whole planet, from your house to the Himalayas. A geography lesson every flight. ESRB: Everyone. Start with a flight over your own town. Watch for: Needs a strong PC or Xbox and fast internet. 15. [Trekking the National Parks](https://www.gamewright.com/product/Trekking-the-National-Parks) (Gamewright, ages 10-adult). A family board game where you travel between US national parks, with fact cards about each park. It makes a great warm-up before a road trip. 16. [Timeline](https://www.timeline-game.com/) (Asmodee, ages 8-adult). A small card game: place inventions and events in the right order on a shared timeline. Quick and full of surprises. Different decks cover inventions, music and events. 17. [National Geographic Kids Quizzes](https://kids.nationalgeographic.com/games/quizzes) (National Geographic, ages 7-12). Quick quizzes about countries, animals and history, built on Nat Geo's articles. They are short enough for a quick check after reading, and many pair with Nat Geo Kids articles on the same topic. Watch for: Ads and Nat Geo product promotion appear on the site. ### 16 best science games and simulations for kids Games. Science games are at their best when kids can change something and see what happens: add mass to a planet, cut a bridge support, or mix chemicals in a safe virtual lab. This list includes free university simulations, sandbox physics toys, space and nature games, and a few real citizen science projects where kids help researchers. A good pick shows cause and effect, rewards curiosity, and does not need a teacher standing by. We flag prices, in-app purchases and the one big space game you should skip. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/best-science-games-and-simulations Good to know: Kerbal Space Program 2 is still sold on Steam at about $50, but its studio was closed in 2024 and it is unfinished. Buy the original. Free-to-play science games often sell boosts; check in-app purchase settings first. Citizen science sites like Zooniverse ask kids under 13 to join with a parent. Sandbox games teach most when you ask 'what do you think will happen?' before they press play. 1. [PhET Interactive Simulations](https://phet.colorado.edu/) (University of Colorado Boulder, Free, ages 8-adult). Over 100 free simulations for physics, chemistry, biology and math, from building circuits to balancing chemical equations. Many work on tablets. Each sim has teacher activities, and many are translated. 2. [NASA Space Place](https://spaceplace.nasa.gov/menu/play/) (NASA, Free, ages 6-12). Free space and Earth science games, quizzes and hands-on projects for younger kids. Each game links to a short article on the real science, written at an upper elementary reading level. 3. [Kerbal Space Program](https://www.kerbalspaceprogram.com/) (Squad / Private Division, about $40 on Steam (Oct 2026), ages 10-adult). Build rockets and fly them with real orbital physics. Kids learn why going sideways fast is what keeps you in orbit. ESRB: Everyone. Teachers have used it to teach real physics. Watch for: Hard at first; tutorials help. Buy the original, not Kerbal Space Program 2. 4. [Universe Sandbox](https://universesandbox.com/) (Giant Army, about $30 on Steam (Oct 2026), ages 10-adult). Smash planets, add a second sun, or watch the Moon drift away. A gravity and climate sandbox that feels like playing with the solar system. Watch for: Needs a decent computer with a graphics card. 5. [Algodoo](https://www.algodoo.com/) (Algoryx, Free, ages 7-14). A free 2D physics sandbox. Kids draw shapes, add motors, water and springs, then hit play to see what happens. It is great for testing ideas like friction and buoyancy. Watch for: Older software; works best on Windows. 6. [Poly Bridge 3](https://store.steampowered.com/app/1850160/Poly_Bridge_3/) (Dry Cactus, about $20 (Oct 2026), ages 9-adult). Design bridges on a budget and watch cars cross, or collapse. Teaches tension, compression and engineering tradeoffs. Levels start easy and kids can share designs with friends. 7. [Foldit](https://fold.it/) (University of Washington and partners, Free, ages 12-adult). A real science puzzle game: fold proteins into shapes, and the best solutions help researchers. Players have contributed to published studies. Teens can join a real research team. Watch for: Complex; best for curious teens. 8. [Zooniverse](https://www.zooniverse.org/) (Zooniverse, Free, ages 8-adult). Real citizen science: sort animal camera photos, spot galaxies or transcribe old weather logs for working scientists. Many projects take just a few minutes per task. Watch for: Not a game; kids under 13 should join with a parent. 9. [Terra Nil](https://store.steampowered.com/app/1593030/Terra_Nil/) (Free Lives / Devolver, about $25 (Oct 2026), ages 10-adult). A reverse city builder: turn a wasteland into a healthy ecosystem, then remove every trace of your machines. It teaches how ecosystems recover in steps. 10. [Cell to Singularity](https://store.steampowered.com/app/977400/Cell_to_Singularity__Evolution_Never_Ends/) (Computer Lunch, Free, ages 9-adult). A clicker game that walks from the first cell to modern technology, with short science notes at each step. Many kids learn the order of life's history this way. Watch for: Free with in-app purchases; idle games can eat time. 11. [oPhysics](https://ophysics.com/) (oPhysics, Free, ages 12-adult). Free interactive physics simulations for motion, waves, light and electricity, made by a physics teacher. Teens can change one value at a time and watch the graph change, which makes formulas feel real. Watch for: Pitched at high school level; younger kids need help. 12. [Endless Ocean Luminous](https://www.nintendo.com/us/store/products/endless-ocean-luminous-switch/) (Nintendo, ages 6-adult). Scuba dive and scan hundreds of real sea creatures, each with a fact card. Calm and violence-free. ESRB: Everyone. Families can dive together online, and no animals are ever harmed. Watch for: Slow pace and repetitive goals. 13. [Planet Zoo 2](https://store.steampowered.com/app/3219030/Planet_Zoo_2/) (Frontier Developments, about $50 (Oct 2026), ages 10-adult). The new zoo builder, released October 2026. Players design habitats that meet each animal's real needs. ESRB: Everyone 10+. Each animal profile has real facts. Watch for: Brand new, so expect patches; paid add-on packs. 14. [Gravity Maze](https://www.ravensburger.us/en-US/products/games/thinkfun/gravity-maze-44001006) (ThinkFun (Ravensburger), ages 8-adult). A screen-free marble puzzle: build towers so a marble drops to the target. Spatial thinking and simple physics. Sixty challenge cards climb from beginner to expert. 15. [Turing Tumble](https://upperstory.com/turingtumble/) (Upper Story, ages 8-adult). A marble-powered mechanical computer. Kids solve puzzle-book challenges and learn how logic gates work. The puzzle book tells a comic-book story that pulls kids through the challenges one at a time. 16. [Chrome Music Lab](https://musiclab.chromeexperiments.com/) (Google, Free, ages 4-adult). Free experiments that show sound waves, harmonics and rhythm. A gentle intro to the science of sound. The Spectrogram and Oscillators experiments are favorites for older kids. ### 19 best coding games for kids Games. Coding games teach the thinking behind programming: steps in order, loops, conditions and debugging when something goes wrong. In 2026 that thinking matters even more, because kids who understand code can also understand and direct AI tools. This list climbs from screen-free board games and picture blocks for 4-year-olds to typed Python and assembly-style puzzles for teens. A good pick lets kids fail safely, see the bug and fix it. We note subscriptions and two popular tools that shut down. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/best-coding-games-for-kids Good to know: Grasshopper (Google's coding app) and Google CS First have both shut down; ignore old lists that recommend them. Code.org renamed itself CodeAI in June 2026. Old links redirect, and the courses are still free. Many coding apps are subscriptions after a few free levels. Try the free ones first. Sharing communities (Scratch, Hopscotch) are moderated but public. Talk about usernames and personal details. Screen-free coding games count. Robot Turtles teaches the same logic as an app. 1. [Robot Turtles](https://www.ravensburger.us/en-US/products/games/thinkfun/robot-turtles-76346) (ThinkFun (Ravensburger), ages 4-8). A board game where kids play cards to steer turtles to a jewel, while a parent acts as the computer. Coding ideas with no screen at all. 2. [ScratchJr](https://www.scratchjr.org/) (MIT, Tufts and Playful Invention, Free, ages 5-7). A free app where young kids snap picture blocks to make characters move, talk and dance. No reading required. Kids can record their own voices for characters. 3. [Lightbot](https://lightbot.com/) (LightBot Inc., ages 4-12). Puzzle levels where you program a robot to light tiles, teaching procedures and loops. There is a free Hour of Code version and one for ages 4-8. Watch for: The full apps are paid; the newest updates are years old. 4. [Kodable](https://www.kodable.com/) (Kodable, ages 4-10). A K-5 coding path where fuzzy creatures roll through mazes, then kids move on to JavaScript basics. It also has unplugged activities that work away from the screen. Watch for: School and home plans differ; the full home version is paid. 5. [codeSpark](https://www.beginlearning.com/codespark/pdp) (Begin Learning, ages 4-9). Wordless puzzle games and a game maker starring the Foos. It has moved under the Begin learning brand. Kids make their own levels and games once they know the basics. Watch for: Subscription after a free trial; check current pricing. 6. [Scratch](https://scratch.mit.edu/) (MIT Media Lab / Scratch Foundation, Free, ages 8-16). The world's most popular kids' coding tool. Build games and stories with blocks, then share and remix in a moderated community. Thousands of free tutorials help kids start. Watch for: Public sharing; teach kids not to post personal details. 7. [CodeAI (formerly Code.org)](https://code.org/en-US) (CodeAI, Free, ages 4-18). Free courses and one-hour games, including Minecraft, Dance Party and new Hour of AI activities. Renamed from Code.org in June 2026. Kids need no account to try the one-hour games. 8. [Blockly Games](https://blockly.games/) (Google (open source), Free, ages 8-14). Free browser puzzles that move from blocks to real JavaScript, no account needed. It covers mazes, birds, turtles and music, and is good for kids moving from blocks to typed code. 9. [CodeMonkey](https://www.codemonkey.com/) (CodeMonkey, ages 6-14). Kids type simple code to help a monkey grab bananas, then move on to Python and game building. Its puzzles teach the idea of fewer, better lines of code. Watch for: Paid subscription after the free starter levels. 10. [Tynker](https://www.tynker.com/) (Tynker, ages 5-14). Block and Python courses, Minecraft mods and game making, all in one paid platform. Kids who love Minecraft can make mods and skins, which often pulls them deeper into coding. Watch for: Subscription, with frequent upsell prompts to parents. 11. [Hopscotch](https://www.gethopscotch.com/) (Hopscotch, ages 8-14). An iPad app for making and sharing games with blocks. Popular with kids who love making platformers. Kids can open others' projects and see how they work. Watch for: Subscription for full features; public community. 12. [MakeCode Arcade](https://arcade.makecode.com/) (Microsoft, Free, ages 9-16). Make retro games with blocks or JavaScript and play them in the browser or on small handheld kits. It also works with low-cost handheld game kits. 13. [Game Builder Garage](https://www.nintendo.com/us/store/products/game-builder-garage-switch/) (Nintendo, ages 8-adult). Nintendo's guided course in visual programming: kids wire up little creatures called Nodon to build working games. ESRB: Everyone. Kids finish it able to build their own games. Watch for: Online sharing of games uses codes; Nintendo Switch Online needed. 14. [Swift Playground](https://developer.apple.com/swift-playground/) (Apple, Free, ages 10-adult). Apple's free app for iPad and Mac that teaches Swift with puzzles, then lets kids build real apps. It is a real step toward app making for curious tweens. Watch for: Runs only on Apple iPads and Macs. 15. [CodeCombat](https://codecombat.com/) (CodeCombat, ages 9-16). A fantasy game where you type real Python or JavaScript to move your hero and win fights. Many middle schools use it in class, and levels start very gently. Watch for: Free early levels; subscription for the rest. 16. [Code Master](https://www.ravensburger.us/en-US/products/games/thinkfun/code-master-programming-logic-game-76343) (ThinkFun (Ravensburger), ages 8-adult). A one-player logic puzzle with a map and action tokens. Kids plan a path the way a programmer plans a program. Sixty levels grow from easy to hard. 17. [Human Resource Machine](https://www.nintendo.com/us/store/products/human-resource-machine-switch/) (Tomorrow Corporation, about $15 on Steam (Oct 2026), ages 10-adult). Office workers move boxes by following your instructions, which are basically assembly language. Funny and clever. ESRB: Everyone 10+. Kids learn how a computer really works. 18. [7 Billion Humans](https://tomorrowcorporation.com/7billionhumans) (Tomorrow Corporation, about $15 on Steam (Oct 2026), ages 11-adult). The sequel: program a crowd of workers at once, which teaches parallel thinking. ESRB: Everyone on Switch. It is funny and light in tone, too. 19. [Turing Complete](https://store.steampowered.com/app/1444480/Turing_Complete/) (LevelHead, about $20 (Oct 2026), ages 13-adult). Build a working computer from logic gates up, then program it. For teens who ask how computers really work. Teens who finish it understand computers from the inside. Watch for: Hard; meant for teens and adults. ### 18 best educational video games on consoles and PC (with ESRB ratings) Games. Some of the best learning games are not sold as learning games. They are regular console and PC games where you have to think like an engineer, a zookeeper or a city planner to win. This list covers Nintendo Switch, Xbox, PlayStation and PC games we think teach something real, with the ESRB rating for each. A good pick has depth, rewards planning, and holds up to family play. We also call out online features, paid add-ons, and the space sequel you should not buy. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/best-educational-video-games-console-pc Good to know: ESRB ratings cover content, not online play. Chat, user-made levels and servers are extra and need their own settings. Set up console parental controls (Nintendo, Xbox and PlayStation each have a free app) before the first session. Watch paid add-ons and DLC packs, which can cost more than the game. Kerbal Space Program 2 is still for sale but was abandoned in 2024; buy the original. Sit in for the first hour. You'll know quickly whether a game teaches or just fills time. 1. [Minecraft](https://www.minecraft.net/en-us/about-minecraft) (Mojang / Microsoft, ages 7-adult). Building, resource planning and Redstone circuits that work like real logic gates. Creative mode is a giant digital LEGO set. ESRB: Everyone 10+. Kids can also learn coding through Minecraft Education. Watch for: Online servers mean strangers and chat; Marketplace sells add-ons. 2. [Kerbal Space Program](https://store.steampowered.com/app/220200/Kerbal_Space_Program/) (Squad / Private Division, about $40 (Oct 2026), ages 10-adult). Design, launch and land rockets with real orbital physics. The best space science game there is. ESRB: Everyone. Kids learn by failing, and the crashes are funny rather than upsetting. Watch for: Steep learning curve. Avoid Kerbal Space Program 2, which was left unfinished. 3. [Big Brain Academy: Brain vs. Brain](https://www.nintendo.com/us/store/products/big-brain-academy-brain-vs-brain-switch/) (Nintendo, ages 6-adult). Quick memory, math, logic and observation challenges, with per-player difficulty so a 6-year-old can beat a parent. ESRB: Everyone. It is quick to play in short bursts. Watch for: Light learning; more brain games than school. 4. [Super Mario Maker 2](https://www.nintendo.com/us/store/products/super-mario-maker-2-switch/) (Nintendo, ages 7-adult). Design your own Mario levels, then test and fix them. Kids learn game design, cause and effect and patient debugging. ESRB: Everyone. Kids learn what makes a level fair. Watch for: Sharing and playing others' levels needs Nintendo Switch Online. 5. [Game Builder Garage](https://www.nintendo.com/us/store/products/game-builder-garage-switch/) (Nintendo, ages 8-adult). A guided course in visual programming where kids build seven full games, then make their own. ESRB: Everyone. It is one of the best first coding courses on any console, and kids end with games they can share. Watch for: Lots of reading in the lessons. 6. [Zoo Tycoon: Ultimate Animal Collection](https://store.steampowered.com/app/613880/Zoo_Tycoon_Ultimate_Animal_Collection/) (Microsoft / Frontier, about $20 (Oct 2026), ages 7-12). Build and run a zoo, care for animals and balance a budget. Simpler than Planet Zoo, so better for younger kids. ESRB: Everyone. Kids can also feed and wash animals up close. 7. [Planet Zoo 2](https://store.steampowered.com/app/3219030/Planet_Zoo_2/) (Frontier Developments, about $50 (Oct 2026), ages 10-adult). Released in October 2026. Design habitats to meet each species' real needs and run a conservation-minded zoo. ESRB: Everyone 10+. Each animal has real facts. Watch for: New release, expect patches and paid DLC packs. 8. [Two Point Museum](https://store.steampowered.com/app/2185060/Two_Point_Museum/) (Two Point Studios / SEGA, about $30 (Oct 2026), ages 9-adult). Run a silly museum, send experts on expeditions and arrange exhibits so visitors learn and donate. ESRB: Everyone. It is funny, budgets matter, and the jokes keep kids playing. Watch for: Paid add-on packs are sold separately. 9. [Cities: Skylines II](https://store.steampowered.com/app/949230/Cities_Skylines_II/) (Paradox Interactive, about $50 (Oct 2026), ages 11-adult). Plan roads, power, water and zoning for a growing city. Teens see how one choice ripples through a system. ESRB: Everyone. Teens learn how planning works. Watch for: Needs a strong PC; many paid add-ons. 10. [Sid Meier's Civilization VII](https://store.steampowered.com/app/1295660/Sid_Meiers_Civilization_VII/) (2K / Firaxis, about $70 list (Oct 2026), ages 10-adult). Turn-based history strategy across ages. Teaches geography, trade, tech trees and long-term planning. ESRB: Everyone 10+. The in-game Civilopedia explains the real history behind leaders, wonders and inventions. Watch for: Long sessions; war is part of the game but not graphic. 11. [Microsoft Flight Simulator 2024](https://store.steampowered.com/app/2537590/Microsoft_Flight_Simulator_2024/) (Microsoft / Asobo, about $70 (Oct 2026), ages 8-adult). Fly anywhere on a detailed digital Earth, with real weather and real aircraft. Geography and physics at once. ESRB: Everyone. Kids can fly over their own house. Watch for: Big download, needs fast internet and a strong PC or Xbox. 12. [Endless Ocean Luminous](https://www.nintendo.com/us/store/products/endless-ocean-luminous-switch/) (Nintendo, ages 6-adult). Dive and identify hundreds of real marine animals, each with facts. Peaceful and good for young animal lovers. ESRB: Everyone. Families can dive together online. Watch for: Can feel repetitive after the first few hours. 13. [Clubhouse Games: 51 Worldwide Classics](https://www.nintendo.com/us/store/products/clubhouse-games-51-worldwide-classics-switch/) (Nintendo, ages 6-adult). Chess, mancala, dominoes, hanafuda and dozens more classic games from around the world, with rules and history. ESRB: Everyone. It is good for family game nights. 14. [The Oregon Trail](https://www.nintendo.com/us/store/products/the-oregon-trail-switch/) (Gameloft, about $30 on Steam (Oct 2026), ages 8-adult). The classic, rebuilt with resource management, side quests and Native American consultants. ESRB: Everyone. It is a fun way to start a talk about how history gets told and who tells it. 15. [Human Resource Machine](https://www.nintendo.com/us/store/products/human-resource-machine-switch/) (Tomorrow Corporation, ages 10-adult). Programming puzzles disguised as office work. Teaches loops, jumps and memory with dark-ish humor. ESRB: Everyone 10+. Each level is a small program, and kids see the same ideas used in every programming language. 16. [Baba Is You](https://www.nintendo.com/us/store/products/baba-is-you-switch/) (Hempuli, ages 9-adult). Push word blocks to rewrite the rules of each level, like 'WALL IS STOP'. A brilliant logic and language puzzle. ESRB: Everyone. It rewards patience. Watch for: Gets very hard; let kids quit a level and come back. 17. [Scribblenauts Mega Pack](https://www.nintendo.com/us/store/products/scribblenauts-mega-pack-switch/) (Warner Bros. Games, ages 8-12). Write any word to create it and solve puzzles. Rewards spelling and vocabulary. ESRB: Everyone 10+. The pack bundles Scribblenauts Unlimited and Unmasked, so kids get two full games of word-powered puzzles. Watch for: Kids can summon weapons or monsters, though it stays cartoonish. 18. [Portal 2](https://store.steampowered.com/app/620/Portal_2/) (Valve, about $10 (Oct 2026), ages 10-adult). Physics puzzles with portals, momentum and lasers, plus a funny story and a two-player co-op mode. ESRB: Everyone 10+. It is cheap and easy to love. Watch for: Some fantasy violence and peril. ### 11 Minecraft and Roblox experiences that actually teach (plus Roblox safety) Games. Your child already wants to play Minecraft or Roblox, so it is worth knowing where the real learning is. Minecraft Education has hundreds of lesson worlds and is used in schools around the world. Roblox has a smaller set of serious learning experiences, plus Roblox Studio, where kids learn to code by making their own games. This list points to the good ones. Roblox also needs real care: strangers, scams, Robux spending and a wave of state lawsuits in 2025 and 2026. Read the warnings before you set it up. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/minecraft-roblox-experiences-that-teach Good to know: Since January 2026, Roblox requires a facial age check (or ID) to use chat. Kids are sorted into age bands and can chat mainly with nearby ages. Roblox's face scan is run by a vendor, Persona, which Roblox says deletes images right after. Under-9s have chat off by default unless a parent allows it. Several states have sued Roblox over child safety, and three states settled for $35.8 million in April 2026. Strangers can still reach kids in games, so keep chat tight. Robux spending adds up fast and scams offering free Robux are common. Set a monthly spending limit. Minecraft's risks are smaller but real: public servers have strangers and chat. Private worlds and Realms with friends are safer. Roblox's 'learn and explore' games are not checked by educators. Try a game yourself before you call it educational. 1. [Minecraft Education](https://education.minecraft.net/en-us/discover/what-is-minecraft) (Microsoft / Mojang, ages 6-16). The school version of Minecraft, with lesson worlds for math, science, history and coding, plus a camera and coding tools built in. Kids can play with friends in class. Watch for: Needs a license; many schools already have one. Check the licensing page for home options. 2. [The Oregon Trail in Minecraft Education](https://education.minecraft.net/en-us/resources/oregon-trail) (Minecraft Education / HMH, ages 8-13). Travel the trail in block form, with 15 landmarks that each come with a lesson on science, math or history. Kids can play solo or in groups. Watch for: Needs a Minecraft Education license to play. 3. [Hour of AI with Minecraft](https://code.org/en-US/minecraft) (CodeAI and Minecraft Education, ages 8-14). Free coding and AI lessons set in Minecraft, including a world about how AI agents work and how to use them carefully. It runs in a browser. 4. [Minecraft Education Computer Science resources](https://education.minecraft.net/en-us/resources/computer-science) (Minecraft Education, ages 8-16). A set of coding lessons and worlds, from block code with the Agent robot to Python. Lessons are sorted by age and come with teacher guides, so a parent can follow along too. Watch for: Needs a Minecraft Education license to play. 5. [MakeCode for Minecraft](https://minecraft.makecode.com/) (Microsoft, ages 8-14). Write block or JavaScript code that builds, digs and moves things in Minecraft. Kids see their code act in 3D. Kids love seeing code build a house. Watch for: Works with Minecraft Education or Bedrock on some devices; check the setup guide. 6. [Redstone in regular Minecraft](https://www.minecraft.net/en-us/about-minecraft) (Mojang, ages 9-adult). Redstone wiring lets kids build doors, traps and even simple calculators. It is real logic-gate thinking inside a game they already own. ESRB: Everyone 10+. Watch for: Play in single player or a private world to avoid strangers. 7. [Mission: Mars (Roblox)](https://www.mos.org/game/mission-mars) (Museum of Science, Boston, ages 9-14). Design and build vehicles for Mars using real NASA data. The museum also offers lesson plans for teachers. The museum's educator guide makes it easy to turn a play session into a real science lesson. Watch for: Lives on Roblox, so all Roblox safety settings apply. 8. [Roblox Studio](https://create.roblox.com/) (Roblox, ages 10-adult). The free tool for building Roblox games. Kids learn 3D design and the Luau coding language by making something friends can play. Free tutorials cover the basics. Watch for: Publishing lets strangers play and comment; keep projects private at first. 9. [Lua Learning and Untamed Animals (Roblox)](https://create.roblox.com/docs/education/resources/getting-started-for-developers-education) (Roblox education partners, ages 9-14). Roblox lists these learning experiences in its education docs: one teaches Luau coding with an in-game editor, the other teaches ecosystems and wildlife care. Look them up by name. Watch for: Quality across Roblox learning games varies; play them yourself first. 10. [Roblox Education hub](https://about.roblox.com/education) (Roblox, ages 9-16). Roblox's own guide to its learning experiences and teaching resources for schools and families. It is a quick way to find learning games without scrolling through the main Roblox charts, which favor popular hits. Watch for: A company page; it shows Roblox's best side. 11. [Roblox Parental Controls](https://about.roblox.com/parental-controls) (Roblox, ages Parents). Link your account to your child's to set spending limits, chat rules, content maturity and screen time from your phone. Review them every few months. Watch for: Settings only work if your child's account has their real birthday. ### 21 board and card games that teach math, logic or reading Games. Board and card games teach things screens struggle with: taking turns, losing well, explaining your thinking out loud, and doing math because you want to win. Every game here practices a real skill, whether it is adding, deducing, planning or spelling. They also need no batteries, accounts or updates. A good pick plays in under 30 minutes, works for mixed ages, and is fun enough that adults do not secretly hate it. We sorted by skill and age. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/board-and-card-games-that-teach Good to know: Small pieces are a choking hazard; check age labels if you have toddlers at home. Let kids keep score. It is the hidden math practice in almost every game. Cooperative games like Outfoxed and Forbidden Island are great for kids who melt down when they lose. Rush Hour, Camelot Jr. and Gravity Maze work as solo games for quiet time. 1. [Prime Climb](https://mathforlove.com/games/prime-climb/) (Math for Love, ages 8-adult). Use all four operations to race to 101. The colored board teaches prime factors and multiplication patterns. Rounds take about 30 minutes, and you can bump rivals back to start. 2. [Sleeping Queens](https://www.gamewright.com/product/Sleeping-Queens) (Gamewright, ages 6-10). Wake sleeping queens by playing pairs and simple addition equations. Short and a little silly. It was invented by a 6-year-old girl, and games take about 20 minutes. 3. [Sum Swamp](https://www.learningresources.com/sum-swamp-addition-subtraction-game) (Learning Resources, ages 5-8). Roll, add or subtract, and move through a swamp. A first math board game. Odd and even spaces add extra math, and games take about 20 minutes. 4. [Zeus on the Loose](https://www.gamewright.com/product/Zeus-on-the-Loose) (Gamewright, ages 8-12). Keep a running total to 100 and snatch the Zeus figure. Fast mental math. It also introduces the Greek gods, and rounds take about 15 minutes. 5. [Rat-a-Tat Cat](https://www.gamewright.com/product/Rat-a-Tat-Cat) (Gamewright, ages 6-10). Remember your hidden cards and aim for the lowest total. Memory plus addition. Rounds are quick, and it teaches kids to remember cards and plan ahead. 6. [Tiny Polka Dot](https://mathforlove.com/games/tiny-polka-dot/) (Math for Love, ages 3-8). One deck, many number games, from matching dots to making ten. Different card styles show the same number many ways, like dots, ten-frames and tallies, which builds strong number sense. 7. [Proof!](https://www.gamewright.com/product/Proof) (Gamewright, ages 9-adult). Make true equations from a grid of number cards before anyone else. Multiplication and division at speed. Kids learn to see many equations in one set of numbers. Watch for: Competitive; can frustrate slower calculators. 8. [Qwixx](https://www.gamewright.com/product/Qwixx) (Gamewright, ages 8-adult). A roll-and-write dice game that builds addition and risk-taking. Twenty minutes, any number of players. Even non-gamers pick it up in one round, and kids learn to think about odds. 9. [Sushi Go!](https://www.gamewright.com/product/Sushi-Go) (Gamewright, ages 8-adult). Pass cards around and collect sushi sets. Scoring sneaks in addition and multiplication. Rounds are fast, the art is cute, and kids learn to plan sets while watching what others take. 10. [Go Nuts for Donuts](https://www.gamewright.com/product/Go-Nuts-for-Donuts) (Gamewright, ages 8-adult). Secretly bid on donut cards; if two players want the same one, nobody gets it. Strategy and reading other people. It plays in about 20 minutes. 11. [SET](https://www.playmonster.com/brands/set/) (PlayMonster, ages 6-adult). Spot sets of three cards where each feature is all the same or all different. Kids often beat adults. It also plays solo, and rounds take about 20 minutes. 12. [Blokus](https://shop.mattel.com/products/blokus-game-bjv44) (Mattel, ages 7-adult). Place your colored pieces corner to corner and block your rivals. Spatial thinking for the whole family. Rules take a minute to learn, and four players can finish in about 20 minutes. 13. [Rush Hour](https://www.ravensburger.us/en-US/products/games/thinkfun/rush-hour-76582) (ThinkFun (Ravensburger), ages 8-adult). Slide cars and trucks to free the red car. Forty challenge cards from easy to very hard. It works as a solo game for quiet time, and the puzzles grow with the child. 14. [Camelot Jr.](https://www.smartgames.eu/uk/one-player-games/camelot-jr-0) (SmartGames, ages 4-9). Build a path of wooden blocks so the knight can reach the princess. A first logic puzzle with a fairy-tale theme. Solutions are in the back for parents to check. 15. [Gravity Maze](https://www.ravensburger.us/en-US/products/games/thinkfun/gravity-maze-44001006) (ThinkFun (Ravensburger), ages 8-adult). Build a tower path so the marble lands on the target. 3D planning with a satisfying drop. Sixty challenges grow from easy to very hard. 16. [Robot Turtles](https://www.ravensburger.us/en-US/products/games/thinkfun/robot-turtles-76346) (ThinkFun (Ravensburger), ages 4-8). Play cards to move a turtle through a maze. A parent acts as the computer; kids learn sequencing and debugging. Rules grow as kids do. 17. [Outfoxed!](https://www.gamewright.com/product/Outfoxed) (Gamewright, ages 5-9). A cooperative whodunit where players collect clues to find the fox that stole the pie. Teaches deduction, and everyone wins or loses together. Rounds take about 20 minutes. 18. [Zingo](https://www.ravensburger.us/en-US/products/games/thinkfun/zingo-44007700) (ThinkFun (Ravensburger), ages 4-8). Bingo with pictures and words, dispensed from a slider. Early readers match words without pressure. Older siblings can call out the words to help little ones play along and feel part of the game. 19. [Bananagrams](https://www.moosetoys.com/products/bananagrams) (Moose Toys, ages 7-adult). Build your own crossword from letter tiles as fast as you can. Easy to adjust for younger spellers. Rounds take about 15 minutes, and the bag travels well. 20. [Rummikub](https://rummikub.com/) (Pressman / Kodkod, ages 8-adult). Make runs and sets with numbered tiles. Teaches number patterns and flexible planning. Kids learn to rearrange tiles already on the table, which builds flexible thinking. It works for two to four players. 21. [Forbidden Island](https://www.gamewright.com/product/Forbidden-Island) (Gamewright, ages 8-adult). A cooperative adventure: work together to grab treasures before the island sinks. Planning and teamwork, not math. Each player has a special power, so everyone matters. ### 18 best logic and puzzle games and apps for kids Games. Puzzle games build the habits behind math and science: stay with a hard problem, try something, notice why it failed, and try again. This list mixes classic number puzzles, chess, beautiful puzzle apps, a few famous indie games, and screen-free logic toys. A good puzzle game has a clear rule, a fair challenge curve and no clock pushing kids along. We flag ads in free puzzle apps, which are common, and games that get hard enough to frustrate younger players. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/best-logic-and-puzzle-games Good to know: Free puzzle apps often carry heavy ads and paid hints. Look for 'no ads' versions or pay once. Let kids get stuck. The struggle is where the learning happens; offer a hint, not the answer. Chess sites with open chat need settings checked; Lichess Kid mode and ChessKid handle this well. Hard puzzle games like Baba Is You are fine to put down and return to days later. 1. [KenKen](https://www.kenkenpuzzle.com/) (KenKen Puzzle, Free, ages 8-adult). Fill the grid so no number repeats, using math clues in each cage. Free daily puzzles from 3x3 for beginners. It was created by a Japanese math teacher. Watch for: Ads on the free site. 2. [Sudoku.com](https://sudoku.com/) (Easybrain, Free, ages 8-adult). Classic Sudoku at many difficulty levels, on the web or as an app. Good for building patience and logic. Mistakes are flagged, which helps beginners. Watch for: Lots of ads, especially in the app. 3. [Lichess](https://lichess.org/) (Lichess (nonprofit), Free, ages 6-adult). Free chess with puzzles, lessons and practice against the computer. No ads, no upsells. The puzzle trainer adjusts to each player, and the learn section teaches each piece from scratch. Watch for: Turn on Kid mode to hide chat. 4. [ChessKid](https://www.chesskid.com/learn) (Chess.com, ages 5-13). Chess lessons, puzzles and games designed for children, with a closed, kid-safe community. Video lessons with fun coaches teach openings, tactics and endgames at a kid's level, and puzzles come with hints. Watch for: Free tier is limited; premium unlocks most content. 5. [Monument Valley 1-3](https://www.monumentvalleygame.com/) (ustwo games, about $8-15 each on Steam (Oct 2026), ages 7-adult). Guide a small princess through impossible, Escher-like buildings. Calm, gorgeous and about perspective and spatial reasoning. There is no fail state and no timer, which suits anxious kids. Watch for: Which store sells which game has changed; check before buying. 6. [Baba Is You](https://store.steampowered.com/app/736260/Baba_Is_You/) (Hempuli, about $15 (Oct 2026), ages 9-adult). Push word blocks to change the rules of the level. One of the smartest puzzle games ever made. ESRB: Everyone. It teaches thinking outside the box. Watch for: Later levels are very hard. 7. [Picross S](https://www.nintendo.com/us/store/products/picross-s-switch/) (Jupiter, ages 8-adult). Nonogram puzzles: use number clues to fill in squares and reveal a picture. ESRB: Everyone. Puzzles start small and grow, and each finished one shows a picture. 8. [Captain Toad: Treasure Tracker](https://www.nintendo.com/us/store/products/captain-toad-treasure-tracker-switch/) (Nintendo, ages 6-adult). Tiny cube-shaped levels you rotate to find the path to a star. Spatial puzzles young kids can handle. ESRB: Everyone. A second player can help on the same screen, which makes it a good parent-and-kid game. 9. [Zoombinis](https://store.steampowered.com/app/397430/Zoombinis/) (TERC / FableVision, about $12 (Oct 2026), ages 7-12). Guide little blue creatures through logic puzzles about sorting, patterns and testing ideas. A remake of a 1990s classic. Kids test ideas and learn from mistakes. 10. [Thinkrolls](https://www.avokiddo.com/thinkrolls-app/) (Avokiddo, ages 3-8). Roll round characters through mazes with jelly, balloons and gears. Early physics and logic for small kids. Levels grow slowly, so kids rarely get stuck for long. Watch for: Paid app; check the price in your app store. 11. [Portal 2](https://store.steampowered.com/app/620/Portal_2/) (Valve, about $10 (Oct 2026), ages 10-adult). Portals, momentum and lasers make for clever physics puzzles, and the co-op mode is great with a parent. ESRB: Everyone 10+. It is cheap on sale. Watch for: Mild fantasy violence and some scary moments. 12. [Patrick's Parabox](https://store.steampowered.com/app/1260520/Patricks_Parabox/) (Patrick Traynor, about $20 (Oct 2026), ages 10-adult). Push boxes that contain other boxes, including themselves. A mind-bending puzzle about recursion. Each idea is introduced gently, then twisted in clever ways that make kids gasp when they figure them out. Watch for: Gets hard; best for puzzle-loving tweens. 13. [Hexcells Infinite](https://store.steampowered.com/app/304410/Hexcells_Infinite/) (Matthew Brown, about $5 (Oct 2026), ages 10-adult). Logic puzzles like Minesweeper where every move can be reasoned out, no guessing. Cheap and calm. It teaches careful reasoning without any time pressure, and puzzles take just a few minutes each. 14. [Mini Metro](https://dinopoloclub.com/games/mini-metro/) (Dinosaur Polo Club, about $10 on Steam (Oct 2026), ages 9-adult). Draw subway lines for a growing city and keep passengers moving. Network planning in a simple, quiet game. It is quiet and calm to play. 15. [Conceptis Puzzles](https://www.conceptispuzzles.com/) (Conceptis, ages 9-adult). Free daily logic puzzles of many types, from nonograms to slitherlink. A good sampler. Kids can try each type at an easy level, and printable versions work well for screen-free days. Watch for: Some ads appear on the free site. 16. [Krazydad](https://krazydad.com/) (Jim Bumgardner, Free, ages 7-adult). Free printable Sudoku, KenKen-style and word puzzles, in kid-friendly sizes. Perfect for car trips. Puzzles come in easy to hard levels, and the kid-size grids are big enough for little hands with pencils. 17. [Rush Hour](https://www.ravensburger.us/en-US/products/games/thinkfun/rush-hour-76582) (ThinkFun (Ravensburger), ages 8-adult). The sliding-car traffic-jam puzzle, with challenge cards from beginner to expert. Screen-free. It is a good solo game for quiet time, and there is a junior version for younger kids. 18. [Camelot Jr.](https://www.smartgames.eu/uk/one-player-games/camelot-jr-0) (SmartGames, ages 4-9). Wooden blocks and a booklet of challenges: build the path for the knight. A first logic puzzle. Picture solutions in the back let kids check their own work. ### 18 best learning games for preschoolers Games. For ages 2 to 5, a good learning game is slow, kind and short. It should speak clearly, use big targets for small fingers, have no ads, and end before a meltdown. This list covers free public-media apps, a few paid apps worth the price, and screen-free games for the floor. Preschoolers learn most from people, so the best way to use any of these is together, talking about what is on screen. We flag subscriptions and the apps that keep asking for money. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/best-learning-games-for-preschoolers Good to know: The American Academy of Pediatrics suggests about an hour a day of quality screen time for ages 2 to 5, ideally with a parent. Avoid preschool apps with ads. Young kids cannot tell an ad from the game. Subscriptions like ABCmouse, Sago Mini and Toca Boca Jr renew automatically; set a reminder. Turn on Guided Access (iPhone/iPad) or screen pinning (Android) so little ones stay in one app. 1. [PBS KIDS Games](https://pbskids.org/games) (PBS KIDS, Free, ages 2-8). Free, ad-free games with Daniel Tiger, Elinor and other characters. Each one targets a skill like counting or feelings. There is also a free app. 2. [Khan Academy Kids](https://apps.apple.com/us/app/khan-academy-kids/id1378467217) (Khan Academy, Free, ages 2-8). A free app with a guided path through letters, numbers, shapes and feelings. No ads and no subscription. It adapts to each child, so it grows from toddler games to kindergarten reading. 3. [Sesame Street Games](https://www.sesamestreet.org/games) (Sesame Workshop, Free, ages 2-5). Short games about letters, shapes and emotions with Elmo and friends. Sesame also lists its apps for families. Games are short and gentle, and many come with songs. 4. [Starfall](https://www.starfall.com/h/) (Starfall Education Foundation, ages 3-7). Letter sounds, songs and early math from a nonprofit. Many kindergartens use it. Many US kindergartens use it, so kids may see it again at school, which helps them feel ready. Watch for: Some activities need a paid membership. 5. [Teach Your Monster](https://www.teachyourmonster.org/) (Teach Your Monster (Usborne Foundation), ages 3-6). Phonics and number games where kids help a monster they designed. Free in the browser. Kids can practice letter sounds at their own pace, and it was built with reading researchers. Watch for: The iOS app costs money. 6. [Endless Alphabet](https://originatorkids.com/endless-alphabet/) (Originator, ages 2-6). Talking letters and goofy monsters teach letter sounds and big words. No scores, no time limits. Kids hear each letter sound as they drag it, then watch the word's meaning acted out. Watch for: Paid app; some word packs cost extra. 7. [Endless Numbers](https://www.originatorkids.com/endless-numbers/) (Originator, ages 2-6). The same monsters teach number sequences, quantity and simple addition. Kids see each number as a group of objects, and the playful animations make number ideas easy to grasp. Watch for: Paid app; some packs extra. 8. [Duolingo ABC](https://www.duolingo.com/abc) (Duolingo, Free, ages 3-7). Short phonics and tracing lessons with cute characters. Free and ad-free. Lessons take about five minutes, so they fit a short attention span and a busy morning. 9. [Thinkrolls](https://www.avokiddo.com/thinkrolls-app/) (Avokiddo, ages 3-8). Roll characters through mazes that teach simple physics and logic. Lots of levels and no reading needed. It grows with the child, with harder levels later. Watch for: Paid app; check the price in your app store. 10. [Toca Boca Jr](https://www.tocaboca.com/toca-boca-jr) (Toca Boca, ages 2-6). A bundle of Toca's open-ended pretend-play apps for little kids, like cooking and doctor play. No winning, just exploring. It is great for pretend play. Watch for: Subscription after a free trial; it renews automatically. 11. [Sago Mini](https://sagomini.com/) (Sago Mini, ages 2-5). Gentle play apps with cute animals, built for very small hands. Good for open-ended play. There are no scores, ads or timers, so it stays calm for small kids. Watch for: Subscription for the full set. 12. [Peekaboo Barn](https://www.peekaboobarn.com/) (Night & Day Studios, ages 1-4). Tap the barn door and an animal pops out with its sound and name. The simplest first app. It teaches animal names and sounds, and toddlers love guessing which animal is hiding. Watch for: Paid app; very young kids still need very little screen time. 13. [CBeebies Games](https://www.bbc.co.uk/cbeebies/games) (BBC, ages 2-6). Free games from BBC preschool shows like Hey Duggee and Numberblocks. Instructions are spoken aloud, so kids can play without reading, and games are short enough for small attention spans. Watch for: Some content is limited outside the UK. 14. [ScratchJr](https://www.scratchjr.org/) (MIT, Tufts and Playful Invention, Free, ages 5-7). Snap picture blocks to make characters move and talk. A first taste of coding, and free. Kids can record their voices and draw their own characters. 15. [Lightbot: Code Hour (ages 4-8)](https://lightbot.com/) (LightBot Inc., ages 4-8). A version of Lightbot with simpler puzzles for young kids. Program a robot to light up tiles. It teaches sequencing. It teaches sequencing and planning ahead, and a parent can solve levels side by side. 16. [Zingo](https://www.ravensburger.us/en-US/products/games/thinkfun/zingo-44007700) (ThinkFun (Ravensburger), ages 4-8). Picture-and-word bingo with a slider kids love to push. Screen-free and good for siblings. It builds early word recognition and matching skills, and rounds take about five minutes. 17. [Outfoxed!](https://www.gamewright.com/product/Outfoxed) (Gamewright, ages 5-9). A cooperative mystery board game. Everyone works together, so little ones do not lose to big siblings. It teaches gentle deduction, and rounds take about 20 minutes. 18. [Camelot Jr.](https://www.smartgames.eu/uk/one-player-games/camelot-jr-0) (SmartGames, ages 4-9). Wooden-block logic puzzles with a knight and princess. Starts very easy. The puzzles start with very few pieces, and the solutions are in the back for a parent to check. ### 19 best learning games for tweens (10-13) Games. Tweens can smell a 'learning game' from across the room. What works at 10 to 13 is a real game with real depth, where the learning is how you win: launching rockets, debugging code, running a zoo, or arguing a court case. This list leans on games tweens might choose themselves, plus a few free web tools that schools use. A good pick has challenge, choice and something to show friends. We note ESRB ratings, online features and in-game spending. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/best-learning-games-for-tweens Good to know: Tweens under 13 are below the minimum age for most social platforms and many game accounts; use family or child accounts. Check online features separately from the ESRB rating: chat, friend requests and user content are not rated. In-game stores target this age group heavily. Agree on a spending limit before the first purchase. Ask your tween to teach you the game. Explaining it is the best learning check there is. 1. [Kerbal Space Program](https://store.steampowered.com/app/220200/Kerbal_Space_Program/) (Squad / Private Division, about $40 (Oct 2026), ages 10-adult). Build rockets and learn orbital mechanics by crashing, a lot. Proud moments come with the first stable orbit. ESRB: Everyone. It is the game many engineers say got them started. Watch for: Skip the unfinished sequel, Kerbal Space Program 2. 2. [CodeCombat](https://codecombat.com/) (CodeCombat, ages 9-16). Type real Python or JavaScript to guide a hero through dungeons. Feels like a game, teaches like a course. Tweens can also play with friends in its arena modes. Watch for: Subscription needed after the free levels. 3. [Scratch](https://scratch.mit.edu/) (MIT Media Lab / Scratch Foundation, Free, ages 8-16). Tweens make platformers, animations and quizzes and share them with millions of other kids. It is free, has thousands of tutorials, and is a strong first step before typed languages like Python. Watch for: Public community; review privacy basics. 4. [Human Resource Machine](https://store.steampowered.com/app/375820/Human_Resource_Machine/) (Tomorrow Corporation, about $15 (Oct 2026), ages 10-adult). Programming puzzles dressed up as office work. Teaches the core of how computers think. ESRB: Everyone 10+ (Switch). Tweens can solve many levels in short sessions. 5. [Baba Is You](https://store.steampowered.com/app/736260/Baba_Is_You/) (Hempuli, about $15 (Oct 2026), ages 10-adult). Rewrite the rules of each level by pushing words around. Logic, language and lateral thinking. ESRB: Everyone. It is a puzzle game tweens can brag about solving, and the hardest levels stump adults. Watch for: Very hard later on; let tweens take breaks. 6. [Portal 2](https://store.steampowered.com/app/620/Portal_2/) (Valve, about $10 (Oct 2026), ages 10-adult). Physics puzzles and a funny story; the co-op mode is a great parent-and-tween game. ESRB: Everyone 10+. It is often cheap on sale, and runs on most laptops. 7. [Sid Meier's Civilization VII](https://store.steampowered.com/app/1295660/Sid_Meiers_Civilization_VII/) (2K / Firaxis, about $70 list (Oct 2026), ages 10-adult). Lead a people through history, balancing science, culture, trade and diplomacy. ESRB: Everyone 10+. The Civilopedia explains the real history behind leaders, wonders and inventions in the game. Watch for: A big time sink; agree on stopping points. 8. [Planet Zoo 2](https://store.steampowered.com/app/3219030/Planet_Zoo_2/) (Frontier Developments, about $50 (Oct 2026), ages 10-adult). Design habitats that meet each species' needs and run a conservation-minded zoo. ESRB: Everyone 10+. Each animal profile shares real facts about habitat, diet and conservation status. Watch for: Paid DLC packs are sold separately. 9. [Poly Bridge 3](https://store.steampowered.com/app/1850160/Poly_Bridge_3/) (Dry Cactus, about $20 (Oct 2026), ages 9-adult). Build bridges on a budget and watch them hold or fail. Engineering through trial and error. Tweens can share designs and challenge friends to beat their budget. 10. [Universe Sandbox](https://universesandbox.com/) (Giant Army, about $30 on Steam (Oct 2026), ages 10-adult). A space and gravity simulator. Ask 'what if' about the solar system and watch it play out. It is a great follow-up to a space unit at school. 11. [PhET Interactive Simulations](https://phet.colorado.edu/) (University of Colorado Boulder, Free, ages 10-adult). Free science and math simulations that match middle school lessons, from forces to chemistry. Tweens can change one thing at a time and see what happens, which is how real science works. 12. [Mission US](https://www.mission-us.org/) (WNET / THIRTEEN, Free, ages 11-16). Choice-based history games that put tweens in the shoes of young people in American history. Each mission takes an hour or two, and the choices stick with kids long after. Watch for: Serious themes; worth talking through. 13. [iCivics](https://www.icivics.org/games) (iCivics, Free, ages 10-16). Free games about the Constitution, courts and elections. Often assigned in middle school. Win the White House and Do I Have a Right? are popular picks for tweens who love to argue. 14. [Nitro Type](https://www.nitrotype.com/) (Teaching.com, ages 8-16). Typing races that tweens get competitive about. Faster typing makes every school assignment easier. Tweens can make a team with school friends and race only each other. Watch for: Ads, Gold membership, and playing strangers. 15. [MakeCode Arcade](https://arcade.makecode.com/) (Microsoft, Free, ages 9-16). Make retro arcade games with blocks or JavaScript, then share a link with friends. Built-in tutorials teach the basics, and finished games can run on low-cost handheld kits. 16. [Lichess](https://lichess.org/) (Lichess (nonprofit), Free, ages 8-adult). Free chess puzzles, lessons and games. Many tweens get hooked on the daily puzzle. It is free, ad-free, and kids can play family members by sharing a link. Watch for: Use Kid mode to turn off chat. 17. [Desmos](https://www.desmos.com/) (Desmos, Free, ages 11-adult). A free graphing calculator tweens use to draw art with equations. Math class suddenly gets creative. Its classroom activities, like Marbleslides, turn graphing into a puzzle game. 18. [Two Point Museum](https://store.steampowered.com/app/2185060/Two_Point_Museum/) (Two Point Studios / SEGA, about $30 (Oct 2026), ages 9-adult). Run a silly museum, plan exhibits and balance a budget. Funny, with light business and history lessons. ESRB: Everyone. It is a gentle sim for tweens who like to plan. 19. [Letter Jam](https://www.czechgames.com/games/letter-jam) (Czech Games Edition, ages 10-adult). A cooperative word game where everyone sees your letter but you. Spelling plus teamwork at the table. It plays two to six people in about 45 minutes. ### 16 word games the whole family can play Games. Word games are one of the easiest ways to get a 7-year-old, a teenager and a grandparent playing the same thing. This list mixes free daily web puzzles you can solve together over breakfast with tabletop classics for game night. A good family word game lets younger players contribute without being crushed, ends in under 30 minutes, and sparks talk about what words mean. We note which daily puzzles are free, which need a subscription, and which apps carry ads or chat with strangers. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/family-word-games Good to know: Most daily web word games show ads; they are mild, but a few link out to other sites. NYT's Wordle, Connections, Strands and Mini are free; Spelling Bee and the full crossword need a subscription. Phone word apps often add chat with strangers and paid boosts. Stick to friends and family. Mixed ages: play in teams, let younger players use a dictionary, and celebrate any word found. 1. [Wordle](https://www.nytimes.com/games/wordle/index.html) (The New York Times, ages 8-adult). Guess the five-letter word in six tries. Solve it as a family and talk through each guess. It teaches letter patterns and smart guessing in about five minutes a day. Watch for: Free; an account saves streaks. 2. [Connections](https://www.nytimes.com/games/connections) (The New York Times, ages 10-adult). Sort 16 words into four hidden groups. Great for arguing happily about what links 'bass', 'sole' and 'pike'. It is a great after-dinner puzzle. It is free every day. Watch for: Free to play; an NYT account saves streaks. 3. [Spelling Bee](https://www.nytimes.com/puzzles/spelling-bee) (The New York Times, ages 8-adult). Make words from seven letters, always using the center one. Everyone can find at least a few words. Kids can aim for a rank, not perfection. Watch for: Full play needs an NYT Games subscription; check current terms. 4. [Strands](https://www.nytimes.com/games/strands) (The New York Times, ages 9-adult). A themed word search where letters connect in any direction. Hints help younger players. A new themed puzzle arrives every day, and finding the theme word is a family group effort. Watch for: Free to play; an NYT account saves streaks. 5. [The Mini Crossword](https://www.nytimes.com/crosswords/game/mini) (The New York Times, ages 9-adult). A five-by-five crossword that takes a couple of minutes. A gentle first crossword for kids. Clues are short and modern, so kids often know answers adults miss. Watch for: Free to play; the full crossword needs a subscription. 6. [Quordle](https://www.merriam-webster.com/games/quordle/) (Merriam-Webster, ages 10-adult). Four Wordles at once, in nine guesses. Good teamwork: one person tracks each board. It is free and runs in any browser, with a practice mode for people who want more than one game a day. Watch for: Ad-supported; ads show around the boards. 7. [Waffle](https://www.wafflegame.net/) (Waffle, ages 9-adult). Swap letters to fix six crossing words in as few moves as possible. A puzzle about spelling patterns. There is one new puzzle a day. Watch for: Ad-supported; ads show around the puzzle. 8. [Squaredle](https://squaredle.app/) (Squaredle, ages 8-adult). Find words in a daily letter grid, Boggle style. Young kids find short words, adults hunt the long ones. It has a hint system for stuck players. Watch for: Ad-supported; ads show below the puzzle. 9. [Contexto](https://contexto.me/) (Contexto, ages 11-adult). Guess the secret word; each guess is ranked by how close its meaning is. Uses AI-style word similarity, which makes a good talking point. Play it in teams. Watch for: Ad-supported; rankings can feel odd. 10. [Bananagrams](https://www.moosetoys.com/products/bananagrams) (Moose Toys, ages 7-adult). Race to build your own crossword grid. Give younger players a head start of tiles to even it out. There is no board, and a round takes about 15 minutes. 11. [Codenames](https://www.czechgames.com/games/codenames) (Czech Games Edition, ages 10-adult). Two teams give one-word clues to find their secret agents on a grid. Builds vocabulary and word association. It is a favorite at parties and family nights. Watch for: Box says 14+, but many families play with 10-year-olds. 12. [Letter Jam](https://www.czechgames.com/games/letter-jam) (Czech Games Edition, ages 10-adult). Cooperative: you can see everyone's letter but yours, and clue each other with words. It plays two to six people, and everyone wins or loses together, which is easy on younger players. 13. Scrabble (Hasbro (US) / Mattel (elsewhere), ages 8-adult). The classic board game. Let kids use a dictionary and count their own scores; it doubles as math practice. There is also a junior version. Watch for: Scrabble apps often carry ads and chat with strangers; the board is simpler. 14. Boggle (Hasbro, ages 8-adult). Shake the cube and find words in three minutes. Short rounds suit restless kids. There is a junior version for younger kids that uses pictures and simple words. 15. Scattergories (Hasbro, ages 10-adult). Name things in categories that start with a rolled letter. Creative and silly arguments guaranteed. Teens and adults usually love it, and younger kids can play on a team with a grown-up. 16. [Words With Friends](https://wordswithfriends.com/index.html) (Zynga, ages 13-adult). A Scrabble-like game you can play with relatives far away. Good for grandparents and teens. Turns can wait for days, so busy families can keep a game going all week. Watch for: Ads, in-app purchases and chat with strangers; play only with people you know. ### 22 kinds of learning games, explained Learning games explained. "Learning game" covers everything from a math quiz with a spaceship painted on it to a rocket simulator that quietly teaches orbital physics. The kinds are not equal. Some put the learning inside the play, so getting better at the game means getting better at the skill. Others make the child pay a toll of questions to get back to the fun part. This guide walks through each kind: how it works, what kids actually learn, the best-known examples, and the catch to watch for. Use it to work out what a new app really is before your child starts. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/every-kind-of-learning-game-explained Good to know: Most apps labeled 'educational' have never been tested. The label is marketing, not a rating. The best learning games make the skill the move in the game. If the game would be the same with the questions removed, it is a quiz-gate. Free usually means ads, upsells or data collection. A 2018 study found ads in 95 percent of popular apps for kids 5 and under. Check the age in the terms, not just the store rating. Many apps and chat features are 13+. Rewards and streaks can make kids play for the prize instead of the skill. Watch whether interest survives without them. Play alongside your child at first. Research finds games work better with a grown-up or classmates and with more than one session. 1. [Quiz-gate games ("chocolate-covered broccoli")](https://archive.org/details/msdos_Math_Blaster_1986) (ages 4-12). The oldest and most common kind. A normal game (racing, shooting, pet care) stops every so often and asks a question; answer right and you get back to playing. Designers call it chocolate-covered broccoli because the fun and the learning are separate. Kids do get practice and fast recall of facts, and it can work well for memorizing times tables or spelling. But the game itself teaches nothing, so kids learn to rush through the questions to get to the good part. Watch for: If your child skips, guesses or rushes the questions to get back to the game, the learning has turned into a toll. Check that wrong answers get explained. 2. [Learning-is-the-gameplay games (intrinsic integration)](https://shura.shu.ac.uk/3556/) (ages 5-14). The skill you are learning is the move you make in the game. In Habgood and Ainsworth's Zombie Division (2011), children defeat skeletons by dividing them with the right weapon, so the division is the fight. Kids learned more from that version than from one with a separate quiz, and chose to play it about seven times longer. DragonBox does the same for algebra, and Slice Fractions for fractions. This is the kind researchers most want more of. Watch for: Rare and often paid. Some apps claim this label but are quiz-gates underneath; test whether the game makes sense without the subject. 3. [Pure brain and knowledge games](https://lichess.org/about) (ages 5-adult). Sudoku, Scrabble, chess, crosswords and Wordle are really just learning, thinly disguised as a game. There is no separate lesson: the puzzle is the content. Kids practice logic, spelling, vocabulary, planning and pattern spotting, and these games grow with them for decades. Many are free, ad-free on good sites, and easy to play together across generations. They are one of the best-value kinds of learning game there is. Watch for: Online versions can include open chat with strangers or paywalled archives. Lichess is free and ad-free; turn chat off for kids in settings. 4. [Adaptive practice games](https://www.dreambox.com/) (ages 4-14). These track every answer and pick the next problem to sit just above what your child can already do. Done well, this keeps kids in the sweet spot between bored and lost, and gives parents and teachers a picture of gaps. DreamBox changes the representation and hints as well as the difficulty. Prodigy wraps adaptive math in a fantasy role-playing game. Khan Academy Kids adapts early reading and math for little ones, free. Watch for: Adaptive is only as good as its questions. Watch for heavy membership upsells (Prodigy's free tier has drawn an FTC complaint) and data collection. 5. [Simulations and sandboxes](https://phet.colorado.edu/) (ages 6-adult). A simulation is a working model of a real system: a city, a solar system, a circuit, a rocket. Kids learn by changing something and watching what happens, which is the scientific method in miniature. SimCity teaches cause and effect in budgets and traffic; Kerbal Space Program teaches orbits by letting rockets fail; PhET's free sims let kids build circuits or move molecules. The learning is deep but unguided, so a grown-up question helps a lot. Watch for: Big sims can overwhelm young kids. Pair them with a question ('what happens if...?') or the learning stays fuzzy. 6. [Construction and creation games](https://scratch.mit.edu/about) (ages 5-16). Here the child makes the game, the level, the world or the animation. Building a Mario level teaches design, timing and empathy for the player; building in Minecraft teaches geometry, planning and resource math; Scratch teaches real programming through stories and games. Making things is one of the strongest forms of learning because the child has to understand something to build it. Scratch and ScratchJr are free from MIT and Tufts. Watch for: Sharing features mean strangers can comment. Scratch is moderated; Minecraft and Mario Maker online need parental settings and paid online subscriptions. 7. [Story, choice and adventure games](https://archive.org/details/msdos_Oregon_Trail_The_1990) (ages 7-14). The child steps into a story and makes decisions that matter. The Oregon Trail taught a generation about supplies, risk and pioneer history through choices (and dysentery). Carmen Sandiego taught geography by making you chase a thief through clues. Interactive fiction, made with free tools like Twine, builds reading, cause and effect, and writing when kids make their own. Strong narrative helps memory and gives facts a reason to matter. Watch for: History games simplify. Some older titles show outdated views of Native peoples and other groups; talk about what the game leaves out. 8. [Trivia and quiz-show games](https://kahoot.com/) (ages 7-adult). Live game-show formats where a class or family answers on their own devices against a timer and a leaderboard. Kahoot started the category; Blooket adds dozens of game modes; Gimkit lets players spend earned money on power-ups. They are good for review, retrieval practice and energy in a room. A 2020 review of 93 Kahoot studies found mostly positive effects on learning and classroom mood, with some studies showing little effect. Watch for: Speed rewards fast guessers over careful thinkers, and time pressure stresses some kids. Good for review, weak for learning something new. 9. [Puzzle-programming games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Resource_Machine) (ages 4-adult). Each level is a little program to write: arrange commands so a robot lights tiles, or a worker sorts boxes. Kids learn sequencing, loops, conditionals and debugging, which are the core of coding, without typing a line of code. Lightbot and Robot Turtles start at about age 4. Human Resource Machine and 7 Billion Humans are real assembly-style programming puzzles that teens and adults enjoy. Code.org (now called CodeAI) offers free puzzle courses. Watch for: Difficulty can spike. Sit with younger kids when they get stuck; the frustration is part of the learning, but only up to a point. 10. [Exergames and movement games](https://www.rsdjournal.org/rsd/article/view/25241) (ages 4-adult). Games played with the body: dancing, punching, squatting, swinging. Research reviews find they raise children's activity, especially as a swap for sitting games and alongside normal exercise. Some add learning on top, such as counting reps or rhythm. Ring Fit Adventure turns exercise into a role-playing game; Just Dance builds coordination and rhythm; Beat Saber in VR is a hard rhythm workout. Watch for: Not a substitute for outdoor play. VR headsets carry age rules (Meta requires parent-managed accounts for 10-12) and need clear space. 11. [AR and location games](https://apps.apple.com/us/app/geocaching/id329541503) (ages 5-adult). Games that use a phone's map and camera to put play out in the real world. Geocaching is a worldwide treasure hunt using GPS, which teaches map reading, coordinates and a lot of walking. Pokemon GO and Pikmin Bloom reward steps and exploring local landmarks. The learning is mostly geography, navigation and getting outside, with a parent along. Watch for: Location sharing and walking while looking at a screen. Pokemon GO needs a 13+ account or a parent-made kids account; play together. 12. [Rhythm and music games](https://musiclab.chromeexperiments.com/) (ages 3-adult). Games that teach timing, pitch, melody and rhythm by making you play along or compose. Chrome Music Lab's Song Maker lets kids build tunes on a grid in a browser with no account, which quietly teaches beats, scales and tempo. Rhythm games like Beat Saber or Just Dance train timing. Piano and guitar apps turn practice into scoring, which helps with motivation but is not a full replacement for a teacher. Watch for: Many instrument apps are subscriptions with heavy upsells. Song libraries in rhythm games can include explicit lyrics; check the content filter. 13. [Typing games](https://www.typing.com/) (ages 6-adult). Typing is a pure motor skill, which makes it a natural fit for games: the keystroke is the move. Lessons teach home-row finger placement, then games build speed and accuracy through racing, shooting words or beating a timer. BBC Dance Mat Typing is a gentle free start; Typing.com teaches with lessons; Nitro Type races classmates. The Typing of the Dead is a famous zombie version for older teens and adults. Watch for: Free typing sites often show ads. Racing games reward speed over correct technique, so teach finger placement first. Typing of the Dead is rated M. 14. [Escape rooms and puzzle hunts](https://www.breakoutedu.com/) (ages 5-adult). A team solves a chain of clues to open a lock, a box or a door before time runs out. Each puzzle can carry content (a math answer becomes the lock code), and the format builds reasoning, reading for detail and teamwork. Breakout EDU makes kits and digital games for classrooms; Kosmos EXIT games and EXIT Kids bring it to the kitchen table. Home puzzle hunts are easy to make yourself. Watch for: Some EXIT boxes are single-use (you cut the cards). Timers can make some kids anxious; drop the clock for younger ones. 15. [Tabletop and card games](https://mathforlove.com/games/prime-climb/teach-with-prime-climb/) (ages 3-adult). Board and card games are the oldest learning games: counting spaces, adding scores, reading cards, planning ahead, and losing gracefully. Some are built for a subject: Prime Climb colors every number by its prime factors so kids see multiplication; Robot Turtles teaches preschoolers to program a turtle with cards. Face-to-face play adds the social talk that research says helps learning stick, with no screens or data collection. Watch for: Very few warnings. Check the age on the box and the length of a game; a 90-minute game is not a weeknight game for a 6-year-old. 16. [Serious games and civic games](https://www.icivics.org/) (ages 9-18). Serious games put kids in a real role with real trade-offs: run a presidential campaign, argue a constitutional case, run a city budget. iCivics, founded by retired Justice Sandra Day O'Connor, makes free games like Win the White House and Do I Have a Right? The learning is how systems work and why people disagree, which is hard to teach with a worksheet. Watch for: Any game about politics simplifies. Ask your child what the game rewarded and whether that matches how things work in real life. 17. [Language and reading games](https://www.teachyourmonster.org/) (ages 3-adult). From phonics for preschoolers to a second language for teens. Teach Your Monster to Read, from the Usborne Foundation charity, has children teach a monster letters and sounds, free on computers. Duolingo ABC teaches early reading with no ads. Duolingo itself turns language practice into short daily lessons with streaks. Word games like Scrabble and Wordle sit here too. Watch for: Duolingo's main app is 13+ (younger kids need a parent's setup) and leans on streak pressure. Phonics apps teach decoding, not a love of books. 18. [Social and multiplayer learning games](https://education.minecraft.net/) (ages 6-18). Games where kids learn with and from other players: building a shared world, solving a puzzle as a team, or teaching a friend. A big meta-analysis (Wouters et al., 2013) found games worked better when kids played in groups. Minecraft Education runs lessons in shared worlds at school; family game nights and co-op puzzles count too. The talking is where a lot of the learning happens. Watch for: Open multiplayer means strangers. Use private servers, friends-only settings and voice chat off by default for kids. 19. [Collection, pet and idle games with learning](https://www.prodigygame.com/) (ages 6-12). Kids collect pets, outfits or creatures and keep coming back daily, with learning as the way to earn them. Prodigy Math lets kids catch and train pets by answering math. Animal Jam began as an animal-facts world. The pull of collecting keeps kids practicing, which can be good. But the motivation is almost always extrinsic, and these games are often built around memberships. Watch for: The most monetized kind. Premium-only pets and items, daily login streaks and shops. Prodigy faced a 2021 FTC complaint from 22 groups over upsells. 20. [Logic and thinking-skills puzzle games](https://store.steampowered.com/app/397430/Zoombinis/) (ages 6-adult). Games that teach how to think rather than a school subject: sorting by attributes, testing a hypothesis, changing rules, chaining cause and effect. Zoombinis (TERC, 1996, remade 2015) teaches data sorting and logic so smoothly kids never notice. Baba Is You makes the rules of each level into blocks you push around. The Incredible Machine teaches simple physics with contraptions. Skills carry into math, science and coding. Watch for: Hard puzzles can stall kids for days. That is fine; resist giving answers, and give hints instead. 21. [Gamified practice (points, streaks, badges)](https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10648-019-09498-w) (ages 5-adult). Not really a game, but a game layer on top of normal practice: points, levels, badges, leaderboards and streaks. Duolingo and most reading-log apps work this way. A 2020 meta-analysis by Sailer and Homner found small positive effects on learning, motivation and behavior. It works best when the practice underneath is already good, and when the rewards feel like feedback rather than bribes. Watch for: Rewards can crowd out real interest (the overjustification effect). If your child only reads for the badge, the badge is doing too much. 22. [AI-powered games](https://quickdraw.withgoogle.com/) (ages 6-adult). Games where an AI model is part of the play. In Google's Quick, Draw! a neural network guesses your doodle, which shows kids how machine learning sees patterns. In Say What You See (Google Arts and Culture) kids write prompts to match an AI image, which teaches describing and prompting. Infinite Craft uses a language model to invent new things from combinations. These teach what AI can and cannot do, through play. Watch for: AI output is unpredictable and can be odd or inappropriate. Doodles and text may be stored or shared publicly. Avoid open chatbots for young kids. ### 12 signs a learning game is actually good Learning games explained. App stores hold hundreds of thousands of apps that call themselves educational, and almost none have been tested. You do not need a research lab to tell a good one from a dressed-up worksheet. This checklist turns the science of how children learn into things you can spot in ten minutes of watching your child play. It leans on the four pillars from Hirsh-Pasek and colleagues (2015): kids learn best when they are mentally active, engaged without distraction, doing something meaningful, and interacting with other people. A good game will tick most of these boxes, not all. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/signs-a-learning-game-is-actually-good Good to know: No single sign proves a game works. Look for most of them, and watch your child play. Star ratings and download counts measure popularity, not learning. 'Research-based' on a store page often means the maker read research, not that the game was tested. Ten minutes of playing alongside your child tells you more than any review. 1. [Your child has to think, not just tap](https://www.psychologicalscience.org/publications/educational-apps.html). The first pillar is active, minds-on learning. Good games make kids plan, predict, choose and explain. If your child can swipe through with their mind somewhere else, the game is doing the work. Watch for pauses where they stop and think; those are the learning moments. Watch for: Lots of tapping and bright feedback can look busy without being active. 2. [It is engaging without being distracting](https://www.psychologicalscience.org/publications/educational-apps.html). The second pillar. Sounds, animations and rewards should point attention at the skill, not away from it. A pop-up fireworks show after every answer, or a character that wanders across the screen mid-problem, pulls kids off task. Calm, purposeful design is a good sign. Watch for: Ads and shop buttons are the worst distractions of all. 3. [It connects to your child's real life](https://www.psychologicalscience.org/publications/educational-apps.html). The third pillar is meaningful learning. Good games link to things kids know: money in a shop, ingredients in a recipe, places on a map. Ask your child afterward where they could use what they did. If they can answer, the learning has somewhere to live. 4. [It invites playing together](https://www.psychologicalscience.org/publications/educational-apps.html). The fourth pillar is social interaction. Games that work for two players, or that give a parent something to talk about, beat solo screen time. A meta-analysis by Wouters and colleagues found learning gains were bigger when players worked in groups. Watch for: Social does not mean open chat with strangers. Look for local or friends-only play. 5. [The learning is the gameplay](https://shura.shu.ac.uk/3556/). In the best games the skill is the move: you divide the enemy, you balance the equation to clear the board. Habgood and Ainsworth found kids learned more, and played seven times longer by choice, when math was built into the play instead of tacked on as a quiz. 6. Mistakes teach something. A wrong answer should show why it was wrong, give a hint, or let the child see what happened, not just buzz and move on. Good games make failure safe and informative. Rocket games that explode, then let you see the flight path, are a good model. 7. It gets harder as your child gets better. Good games adjust: they step up when your child is cruising and step back when they are stuck. If your child is bored after day two, or crying by level three, the difficulty curve is off. Adaptive apps do this automatically; good puzzle games do it with careful level design. 8. You can say exactly what it teaches. Hirsh-Pasek's team pairs the four pillars with a second test: how high are the learning goals? 'Builds early fraction sense' or 'teaches home-row typing' is a goal. 'Fun learning for kids' is not. Good makers tell you the skill and the age, plainly. 9. It has natural stopping points. Levels, chapters or a finished puzzle give your child a clean place to stop. Endless feeds, timers that refill, and 'just one more' loops are designed to keep kids on, not to help them learn. A game that ends is a game that respects bedtime. Watch for: Autoplay into the next round is a warning sign. 10. [Interest survives without the rewards](https://depts.washington.edu/techdocs/papers/deciExtrinsicRewardsAndIntrinsicMotivation99.pdf). A 1999 meta-analysis of 128 studies (Deci, Koestner and Ryan) found that expected, tangible rewards reduce kids' own interest in an activity. A good sign: your child keeps talking about the game's world or puzzles, not just the coins and badges. 11. The skill shows up off screen. The real test. Does your child count change at the store, spot a prime number on a house, or sound out a sign after playing? Games that only make kids better at the game have not taught much. Ask, watch and celebrate when the skill escapes the screen. 12. [The business model is clear and kind](https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2793493). You should know how the maker earns money: a one-time price, a subscription, a school license or a charity. A 2022 study by Radesky and colleagues found only about 1 in 5 apps used by preschoolers had no manipulative design. Free apps had more of it. Watch for: Ads, loot boxes and pay-to-win shops are red flags in any learning game. ### 13 dark patterns in kids' games and apps to watch for Learning games explained. Dark patterns are design tricks that push people to do what the company wants: watch the ad, buy the gems, stay one more round. Adults struggle with them; young children usually cannot even see them. Researchers at the University of Michigan found these tricks in most apps preschoolers use, and regulators have fined game makers hundreds of millions of dollars over them. This list names each trick, shows what it looks like on screen, and gives the research or case behind it, so you can spot it and talk about it with your child. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/dark-patterns-in-kids-games-and-apps Good to know: Free apps carry the most dark patterns. The 2022 Radesky study found a median of 3 tricks in free apps versus 1 in paid ones. Children from lower-income homes were exposed to more manipulative design in both Michigan studies. Turn on purchase approval (Apple Ask to Buy, Google Play purchase approvals) before handing over a device. Name the trick out loud with your child. Kids who can say 'that's an ad trying to trick me' resist it better. Report apps that cross the line to the app store and the FTC. 1. [Parasocial pressure (the sad character)](https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2793493). A friendly character begs your child to keep playing, looks sad when they try to leave, or says they will be lonely. Radesky's 2022 study of apps used by 3- to 5-year-olds found this in about a quarter of apps. Little kids feel real guilt toward these characters. Watch for: Tell your child the character is a drawing that cannot be sad. 2. [Fake time pressure](https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2793493). Countdown clocks on deals, 'only today' offers or rewards that vanish if you stop playing. The urgency is invented. Young children cannot tell that the timer is made up, and they rush to buy or keep going. Watch for: Any countdown attached to a purchase is a red flag. 3. [Navigation traps](https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2793493). The exit is hidden, the close button is tiny, or the only way forward runs through an ad or a shop screen. Radesky's team found navigation constraints in nearly half the apps they coded. Kids end up watching or tapping things they never chose. 4. [Lures to buy or keep going](https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2793493). Glittering locked items, a treasure chest you can almost open, a 'free' gift that leads to the store. These lures appeared in about 45 percent of apps in the 2022 study. They turn a learning game into a shop window. Watch for: Turn on Ask to Buy or purchase passwords before your child plays. 5. [Ads disguised as gameplay](https://www.popsci.com/ads-kids-apps-games/). A 2018 University of Michigan study of popular apps for children 5 and under found 95 percent had at least one kind of ad, including all of the free ones. Ads came as teaser videos mid-game, hidden ads behind misleading icons, and prompts to share. Watch for: If you cannot tell where the game ends and the ad begins, neither can your child. 6. [Watch an ad, get a reward](https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2793493). Extra lives, coins or hints in exchange for watching a video ad. It teaches kids that ads are part of the game and trains them to seek them out. The 2022 study counted reinforced ads in about 1 in 6 apps. 7. [One-tap purchases and confusing buttons](https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2022/12/fortnite-video-game-maker-epic-games-pay-more-half-billion-dollars-over-ftc-allegations). In 2022 the FTC said Fortnite's confusing button layout charged players with a single press, even while waking the game or previewing items, and that kids could buy currency without a parent until 2018. Epic agreed to pay $245 million in refunds plus a $275 million privacy penalty. Watch for: Require a password for every purchase, not just the first. 8. [Loot boxes and random prizes](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6599795). Paid mystery boxes, packs or gacha pulls where you do not know what you will get. A 2019 survey of 1,155 16- to 18-year-olds (Zendle, Meyer and Over) linked loot box spending with problem gambling, more strongly than in adults. In early 2025 the FTC also settled with Genshin Impact's maker over loot boxes sold to teens. Watch for: A learning game should never sell random prizes. Treat it as a deal-breaker. 9. [Free at school, paywalled at home](https://fairplayforkids.org/feb-19-2021-advocates-to-ftc-prodigy-math-game-preys-on-kids-and-families/). A game is free for teachers, then shows kids at home a version full of locked items and membership prompts. In 2021, 22 advocacy groups asked the FTC to investigate Prodigy Math over this pattern. Kids then nag parents for the paid tier. Watch for: Ask what your child sees at home, not just what the teacher sees. 10. Pay-to-win and status items. Paid players get better pets, faster progress or flashier outfits that other kids can see. In a learning game this means money, not skill, decides who looks smart. It also brings playground pressure, as kids without the paid tier feel left out. 11. Streak guilt and daily login rewards. Streak counters, daily chests and 'don't break your streak' alerts turn practice into a chore you must not miss. Some kids love them; others feel anxious or play just to tick the box. Learning should not depend on fear of losing a number. Watch for: Turn off push notifications for kids' apps. 12. Wait-or-pay energy timers. You run out of energy or lives and must wait hours or pay to continue. It is designed to frustrate kids into buying, and it breaks up learning at random points. Good learning games let children stop when they choose, not when a meter runs dry. 13. [Permission grabs (mic, camera, location)](https://www.popsci.com/ads-kids-apps-games/). The 2018 Michigan study found kids' apps asking for phone, microphone, camera and location permissions that the games did not need. Each permission is more data about your child. A spelling game does not need to know where you live. Watch for: Deny permissions by default and see if the app still works. ### 17 famous learning games through history (and where to play them now) Learning games explained. Before tablets, millions of kids met computers through a school lab running The Oregon Trail, Number Munchers or Carmen Sandiego. These games shaped how we think about learning games, for better and worse. Many of them still run today, right in a web browser, thanks to the Internet Archive's emulated software collections. This list covers the classics, what each one taught, what it got right or wrong, and the link to play it now. It makes a fun evening: parents get nostalgia, kids get to judge whether the old games hold up. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/famous-learning-games-through-history Good to know: Internet Archive versions are emulations: most are stream-only, cannot save, and some crash. Firefox or Chrome on a computer works best. Archive items are uploaded copies of old software. Play them as history, not as your child's main practice. Old games reflect old views. Oregon Trail and Amazon Trail in particular simplify Native and Indigenous peoples. Most need a keyboard; few work well on phones. 1. [The Oregon Trail (1971, MECC version 1985/1990)](https://archive.org/details/msdos_Oregon_Trail_The_1990) (MECC, ages 8+). Three Minnesota student teachers built the first version in 1971. You lead a wagon party west, buying supplies, hunting, fording rivers and losing people to dysentery. It taught resource planning and history through choices. The 1990 DOS version plays free in a browser on the Internet Archive. Watch for: Stream-only emulation, no saving. Its view of Native peoples is dated; talk about it. 2. [Lemonade Stand (1973, Apple II 1979)](https://archive.org/details/Lemonade_Stand_1979_Apple) (MECC (Bob Jamison; Apple port by Charlie Kellner), ages 7+). Check the weather, decide how many cups to make, how many signs to buy and what to charge. Twelve days, one business lesson after another. A tiny economics simulation that still works on a kid who has never seen an Apple II. Watch for: Very basic graphics. Pair it with a real lemonade stand. 3. [Rocky's Boots (1982)](https://archive.org/details/Rockys_Boots_1982_Learning_Company) (The Learning Company (Warren Robinett), ages 9+). Kids wire AND, OR and NOT gates into machines that kick the right shapes. It taught real digital logic years before coding was a school subject, and it was one of the first games where building the solution was the play. Watch for: Hard to grasp without a grown-up. Emulation can be fiddly. 4. [Math Blaster! (1983, DOS 1986)](https://archive.org/details/msdos_Math_Blaster_1986) (Davidson and Associates, ages 6-12). Shoot the right answer to a math fact in space. One of the best-selling educational games ever and the classic example of drill dressed as a game. Good for fluency, and a useful history lesson in how quiz-gate games work. Watch for: Pure drill. The space part teaches nothing on its own. 5. [Reader Rabbit (1984, DOS 1989)](https://archive.org/details/msdos_Reader_Rabbit_1989) (The Learning Company, ages 3-7). Early reading games with a friendly rabbit: matching letters, building words, sorting sounds. It spawned a whole series and set the template for preschool reading software. The 1989 DOS version plays in a browser. Watch for: Slow by today's standards; better as a curiosity than daily practice. 6. [Where in the World Is Carmen Sandiego? (1985)](https://archive.org/details/msdos_Where_in_the_World_is_Carmen_Sandiego_1985) (Broderbund, ages 8+). Chase a thief around the world by decoding clues about flags, currencies and landmarks. It came with an almanac so kids had to look things up, which made research the gameplay. Led to a TV show and a long series. A new Carmen game came out in 2025. Watch for: Some clues are dated (countries and currencies have changed). 7. [Number Munchers (1986, DOS 1990)](https://archive.org/details/msdos_Number_Munchers_1990) (MECC, ages 7-12). Steer a green muncher across a grid eating multiples, factors or primes while dodging Troggles. Simple, fast and loved in school labs. The Troggles add just enough pressure to make kids think quickly about number properties. Watch for: Stream-only in the browser; keyboard needed. 8. [Word Munchers (1985, DOS 1990)](https://archive.org/details/msdos_Word_Munchers_1990) (MECC, ages 6-10). The same muncher, now eating words with a given vowel sound. A quick phonics game that pairs well with Number Munchers for a retro night. Watch for: Narrow skill; a few minutes is plenty. 9. [Mavis Beacon Teaches Typing! (1987)](https://archive.org/details/msdos_Mavis_Beacon_Teaches_Typing_1987) (The Software Toolworks, ages 8+). The typing tutor most adults over 30 remember, with lessons, drills and a car-race game. Fun fact: Mavis Beacon was not a real person; the face on the box was a model. Still a good talk about who makes software. Watch for: Modern free typing sites are easier to use today. 10. [SimCity (1989)](https://archive.org/details/msdos_SimCity_1989) (Maxis (Will Wright), ages 9+). Not sold as a school game, but used in classrooms for decades. Zone land, build roads and power, balance taxes, and watch your city grow or decay. It teaches systems thinking: every choice has side effects. Watch for: No saving in the browser version; sessions reset. 11. [Island of Dr. Brain (1992)](https://archive.org/details/msdos_Island_of_Dr._Brain_1992) (Sierra, ages 9+). An adventure built from logic, math, music and science puzzles, with difficulty settings. Part of the Dr. Brain series that treated kids as smart puzzle solvers rather than fact drillers. Watch for: Some puzzles need a grown-up's help. 12. [Super Solvers: Treasure MathStorm! (1992)](https://archive.org/details/msdos_Super_Solvers_Treasure_MathStorm_1992) (The Learning Company, ages 5-9). Climb a frozen mountain solving math, time and money problems to melt the ice. One of the warmest-remembered Super Solvers games, with adjustable topics so parents could aim it at what their child needed. Watch for: Still a quiz-gate design underneath. 13. [Mario Is Missing! (1992)](https://archive.org/details/msdos_Mario_is_Missing_1992) (The Software Toolworks (licensed from Nintendo), ages 7+). Luigi visits real cities answering geography questions. Famous now mostly as a cautionary tale: a beloved character slapped onto a thin quiz. Play it with your child and ask what makes it less fun than a real Mario game. That talk is the lesson. Watch for: Not a good game; included as an example of what to avoid. 14. [The Incredible Machine (1993)](https://archive.org/details/msdos_Incredible_Machine_The_1993) (Dynamix / Sierra, ages 8+). Build Rube Goldberg contraptions from balls, ropes, cats and conveyor belts to solve each puzzle. It teaches gravity, momentum and cause and effect by trial and error. One of the earliest physics puzzle games and still clever. Watch for: Mouse control in the emulator can feel slow. 15. [The Amazon Trail (1993)](https://archive.org/details/msdos_Amazon_Trail_1993) (MECC, ages 9+). Oregon Trail's follow-up: paddle a canoe up the Amazon, meet historical figures and identify plants and animals. More focused on ecology and history than survival. Watch for: Like its parent, it simplifies Indigenous cultures. 16. [Logical Journey of the Zoombinis (1996, remade 2015)](https://store.steampowered.com/app/397430/Zoombinis/) (TERC with FableVision and Learning Games Network (orig. Broderbund), ages 7+). Guide little blue creatures past puzzles that are secretly about sorting, sets, logic and data. The original creators' nonprofit remade it in 2015 for tablets and computers. It is one of the best examples of learning hidden inside play. Watch for: Paid. Some older bugs were only fixed in 2022; get the current version. 17. [The Typing of the Dead (1999; Overkill 2013)](https://store.steampowered.com/app/246580/The_Typing_of_The_Dead_Overkill/) (Sega, about $20 list (Oct 2026), often on sale, ages 17+). A zombie arcade shooter where you type words to fire. Proof that a typing game could be a real game people chose to play. The 2013 Overkill version is on Steam with randomized words and co-op. Watch for: Rated M for gore and strong language. For older teens and parents, not kids. ### 14 studies on whether learning games actually work Learning games explained. Do learning games work? The honest answer from the research is: often a bit, sometimes a lot, and it depends on the design. Big meta-analyses that pool dozens of studies find games beat ordinary lessons by a small to moderate amount, and that adding a teacher, a friend or more sessions makes them work better. They also find games are not automatically more motivating, and that rewards can backfire. Here are the studies worth knowing, in plain language, so you can judge claims on app store pages yourself. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/studies-do-learning-games-work Good to know: Average effects hide huge variation. A well-designed game can work well; a poor one can do nothing. Most studies are short, run in schools and test specific research games, not the apps in the store. Games are not automatically more motivating than good teaching. Novelty wears off. Games work better with a grown-up, a group and repeat sessions. Maker-run studies are a start, not proof. Look for independent research. 1. [Clark, Tanner-Smith and Killingsworth (2016): Digital Games, Design, and Learning](https://www.sri.com/publication/education-learning-pubs/digital-learning-pubs/digital-games-design-and-learning-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis-brief/) (Review of Educational Research). Pooled K-16 studies from 2000-2012. Games beat non-game teaching with an effect size of about 0.33, a meaningful gain. Better-designed games beat basic ones by about the same amount. The big takeaway: design matters more than the fact that it is a game. 2. [Wouters et al. (2013): Cognitive and motivational effects of serious games](https://research-portal.uu.nl/en/publications/a-meta-analysis-of-the-cognitive-and-motivational-effects-of-seri/) (Journal of Educational Psychology). 77 comparisons with over 5,500 learners. Games beat conventional teaching for learning (d = 0.29) and retention (d = 0.36), but were not reliably more motivating. Gains grew with extra instruction, several sessions and playing in groups. 3. [Habgood and Ainsworth (2011): Zombie Division and intrinsic integration](https://shura.shu.ac.uk/3556/) (Journal of the Learning Sciences). Children aged 7-11 played versions of a division game where the math was either the combat itself or a separate quiz. The built-in version taught more, and kids chose to play it about seven times longer. The clearest evidence for putting learning inside the play. 4. [Hirsh-Pasek et al. (2015): Putting education in 'educational' apps](https://www.psychologicalscience.org/publications/educational-apps.html) (Psychological Science in the Public Interest). Not a test of apps but a guide drawn from decades of learning science. It argues apps teach best when they are active, engaging without distraction, meaningful and socially interactive, and gives parents and makers a grid for rating apps. 5. [Sailer and Homner (2020): The gamification of learning](https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10648-019-09498-w) (Educational Psychology Review). Points, badges and leaderboards added to learning had small positive effects on learning (g = 0.49), motivation (0.36) and behavior (0.25). The learning effect held in stronger studies; the motivation effects were shakier. 6. [Mayer (2014): Computer Games for Learning](https://thevideogamelibrary.org/book/computer-games-for-learning-an-evidence-based-approach) (MIT Press). Psychologist Richard Mayer sorts game research into three questions: which design features help, what skills games build, and whether games beat other teaching. A careful, skeptical book that separates real findings from hype. 7. [Tokac, Novak and Thompson (2019): Game-based learning and math achievement](https://profiles.umsl.edu/en/publications/effects-of-gamebased-learning-on-students-mathematics-achievement/) (Journal of Computer Assisted Learning). 24 PreK-12 math studies. Math games had a small, marginally significant edge over traditional teaching (d = 0.26), with no clear difference between younger and older students. Results varied a lot from study to study. 8. Young et al. (2012): Our Princess Is in Another Castle (Review of Educational Research). Screened over 300 articles and found few rigorous ones. Some support for games in language learning, history and physical education; little for math and science at the time. A useful reminder of how thin the early evidence was. 9. [Wang and Tahir (2020): The effect of using Kahoot! for learning](https://research.gold.ac.uk/id/eprint/39435) (Computers and Education). A review of 93 studies. Kahoot often helped learning, classroom mood and anxiety, but some studies found little or no effect. Students flagged time pressure and hard-to-read screens as problems. 10. [Deci, Koestner and Ryan (1999): Extrinsic rewards and intrinsic motivation](https://depts.washington.edu/techdocs/papers/deciExtrinsicRewardsAndIntrinsicMotivation99.pdf) (Psychological Bulletin). 128 studies. Expected, tangible rewards for doing or finishing a task lowered people's free-choice interest in it afterward. The research behind the worry that coins and prizes in learning games can crowd out real interest. 11. [Radesky et al. (2022): Manipulative design in apps used by children](https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2793493) (JAMA Network Open). Coded the apps 160 preschoolers actually used. Only about 20 percent had no manipulative design; free apps had more tricks than paid ones; kids from less-advantaged homes saw more. The study behind most dark-pattern warnings for young kids. 12. [Bediou et al. (2018): Action video games and cognitive skills](https://www.unige.ch/medias/en/2017/cdp051217) (Psychological Bulletin). Two meta-analyses found action game players do better on attention and spatial tasks, and training studies showed a smaller but real boost. Gains came from play spread over weeks, not marathon sessions. Mostly adults; not about school subjects. 13. [Zendle, Meyer and Over (2019): Adolescents and loot boxes](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6599795) (Royal Society Open Science). A survey of 1,155 16- to 18-year-olds found a moderate-to-large link between loot box spending and problem gambling, stronger than in adults. It cannot prove cause, but it is why loot boxes have no place in kids' learning games. 14. [Exergames for children: an integrative review (2021)](https://www.rsdjournal.org/rsd/article/view/25241) (Research, Society and Development). Reviewed a decade of studies and concluded exergames do raise children's physical activity, especially used alongside ordinary exercise. Supports active games as a swap for sitting games, not for going outside. ### 13 games where the learning is hidden best Learning games explained. The best learning games do not feel like school at all. Kids play for the puzzle, the rocket, the creatures or the story, and come out understanding algebra, orbits, logic or fractions. That is what researchers call intrinsic integration: the skill and the game are the same thing. These picks are games where the learning is so well woven in that most kids will never notice. Some are free, some cost a one-time price, and a couple need a subscription. All of them reward thinking, not tapping. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/games-where-the-learning-is-hidden-best Good to know: Hidden learning still needs a grown-up question now and then. Ask what your child figured out. Hard games will frustrate. Give hints, not answers. Check online settings on anything with multiplayer, especially Minecraft. Subscriptions with free trials renew automatically. Set a reminder. 1. [Zoombinis](https://store.steampowered.com/app/397430/Zoombinis/) (TERC, FableVision, Learning Games Network, ages 7+). Twelve puzzles, each with four difficulty levels, about guiding small blue creatures to safety. Underneath: sorting by attributes, sets, logic and hypothesis testing. Kids think they are rescuing Zoombinis; they are doing data science. Watch for: Paid; also on tablets. A few puzzles get very hard at top levels. 2. [DragonBox Algebra](https://apps.apple.com/us/app/-/id1550574178) (Kahoot! (DragonBox), ages 5-12). You isolate a box on one side of the screen by dragging and canceling creatures. Slowly the creatures become numbers and letters, and kids are solving equations. One of the cleanest examples of algebra as gameplay. Algebra 2 continues for ages 12+. Watch for: Now sold through a Kahoot! Kids subscription after a 7-day trial; remember to cancel if you do not keep it. 3. [Slice Fractions](https://apps.apple.com/ca/app/slice-fractions/id794730213) (Ululab, ages 5-10). Slice ice and lava blocks to clear a path for a mammoth. Each cut is a fraction, but symbols only show up late in the game, once kids already feel how parts and wholes work. A study with third graders found they learned as much as with teacher-led lessons. Watch for: Short; the sequel covers more ground. 4. [Kerbal Space Program](https://store.steampowered.com/app/220200) (Squad / Private Division, ages 10+). Build rockets from parts and fly little green Kerbals to space. Rockets explode, orbits miss, and kids learn thrust, mass, gravity and orbital mechanics by fixing their mistakes. NASA once partnered with its makers on an asteroid mission. Best with a patient grown-up. Watch for: Steep learning curve. Its sequel (KSP2) lost its studio in 2024; buy the original. 5. [Universe Sandbox](https://store.steampowered.com/app/230290) (Giant Army, about $30 (Oct 2026), often on sale, ages 8+). A physics-based space simulator: collide planets, add a second sun, boil away oceans and watch what gravity does. It quietly teaches scale, gravity and climate through 'what happens if' play. Watch for: Needs a capable computer. Destruction is the fun; steer toward questions. 6. [7 Billion Humans](https://store.steampowered.com/app/792100) (Tomorrow Corporation, ages 11+). Write little programs to boss around a crowd of office workers. Over 60 levels teach loops, conditions and even parallel programming, wrapped in dry jokes. Its predecessor, Human Resource Machine, is a gentler start. Watch for: Reading-heavy and tough; best for patient tweens and teens. 7. [The Oregon Trail (2021)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Oregon_Trail_(2021_video_game)) (Gameloft, about $30 on Switch (Oct 2026), ages 9+). A modern remake on Apple Arcade, Switch, Steam, Xbox and PlayStation. Plan supplies, manage health and make hard choices on the trail. It was made with Native American advisors, a real change from the original. No microtransactions. Watch for: Still a game about hardship and death; younger kids may need you nearby. 8. [Minecraft](https://education.minecraft.net/) (Mojang / Microsoft, ages 7+). Survival mode is resource math and planning; building is geometry, area and volume; redstone is real circuit logic. Kids learn because they want to build something. Minecraft Education adds school lessons, but plain Minecraft teaches plenty. Watch for: Online servers mean strangers. Use private worlds or friends-only, and check the Marketplace spending. 9. [Prime Climb](https://mathforlove.com/games/prime-climb/teach-with-prime-climb/) (Math for Love, ages 10+). A board game race to 101 where you add, subtract, multiply or divide to move. Every number is colored by its prime factors, so kids start seeing multiplication patterns without being told. Strategic enough that adults enjoy it. Watch for: Younger kids can play with simpler rules; slow players need patience. 10. Robot Turtles (ThinkFun (designed by Dan Shapiro), ages 4+). Preschoolers play Forward, Left and Right cards to steer turtles to a jewel, while a grown-up acts as the computer. A Bug card undoes mistakes. It teaches sequencing and debugging with zero screens. Once the most-backed board game on Kickstarter. Watch for: Check availability; stock varies by store. 11. [Chrome Music Lab: Song Maker](https://musiclab.chromeexperiments.com/) (Google, ages 3+). Tap squares on a grid and a melody and beat play back. Kids experiment their way into rhythm, scales and tempo. It is free, runs in any browser, and needs no account. Watch for: Saved songs get a public link; do not put names in titles. 12. [PhET Interactive Simulations](https://phet.colorado.edu/) (University of Colorado Boulder, ages 6+). Free simulations for physics, chemistry, biology, earth science and math: build circuits, balance a seesaw, mix solutions. Each sim is tested with students. It feels like a toy box, not a lesson. Watch for: No story or goals; give kids a challenge to chase. 13. [Teach Your Monster to Read](https://www.teachyourmonster.org/) (Usborne Foundation (charity), ages 3-6). Kids design a monster, then teach it letters and sounds across islands of mini-games. Teaching someone else is a strong way to learn, and the monster makes phonics feel like caring for a pet. Free on computers. Watch for: Mobile apps may cost money; the computer version is free. ### 12 ways to turn any game into a learning game at home Learning games explained. You do not need a special educational app for your child to learn from games. Almost any game, from Uno to Minecraft to a racing game, can become a learning game with a few questions, a pencil or a twist on the rules. Research finds games teach more when a grown-up talks about them and when kids reflect on what they did. These ideas take five to twenty minutes, cost nothing, and work with the games your family already plays. Pick one that fits your child and try it this week. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/turn-any-game-into-a-learning-game-at-home Good to know: Keep it light. If every game turns into homework, kids will stop inviting you to play. One question per session is plenty. Let some games just be games. Free play has value of its own. Follow your child's interest: pick the idea that fits the game they already love. 1. Make your child the scorekeeper (ages 4-10). Every board and card game has numbers. Hand your child the scorepad and let them add up points, count spaces or work out who is ahead and by how much. Real stakes make mental math stick. 2. Ask them to narrate their strategy (ages 5+). Ask 'why did you do that?' or 'what's your plan?' while they play. Explaining thinking out loud, called metacognition, is one of the most reliable ways to deepen learning, and it works for chess, Mario or Fortnite. 3. [Have them build a level for you](https://supermariomaker.nintendo.com) (ages 6+). Designing a level means understanding how the game works, planning, and thinking about another player. Mario Maker, Minecraft, Scratch or a paper maze all work. Then you play it and give honest feedback. 4. Change one rule (ages 6+). What if Uno skips went backward twice? What if checkers pieces could only move sideways? Inventing rules, testing them and deciding if the game got better is the scientific method and game design at once. 5. Budget the in-game money (ages 7+). Many games have coins, gems or shops. Ask your child to plan a purchase: how many runs to save up, which item is worth it, what it costs in real dollars if the game sells currency. It is percentages, saving and spotting a bad deal. 6. Draw the map (ages 6+). After playing, have your child draw a map of the game world from memory: where things are, which way is north, how far apart. It builds spatial thinking and map skills, and you get to see how they picture the world. 7. Write the strategy guide (ages 8+). Kids who love a game have lots to say about it. Have them write a how-to guide, a review with a star rating, or tips for a younger sibling. Writing for a real reader is far more motivating than a worksheet. 8. [Find the real world behind the game](https://archive.org/details/msdos_Oregon_Trail_The_1990) (ages 8+). Oregon Trail leads to the real trail; Kerbal leads to real rockets; Minecraft biomes lead to real ecosystems; Pokemon leads to real animals. Twenty minutes of reading or a library trip turns curiosity from the game into knowledge. 9. Let them teach you (ages 5+). Ask your child to teach you their favorite game, rules and all, while you play badly. Teaching forces clear explanations and patience. Many kids learn the rules properly for the first time doing this. 10. Predict and test (ages 7+). Before trying something in a sandbox or physics game, ask 'what do you think will happen?' Then test it. If they were wrong, ask why. This is the core loop of science, and games make it fast and safe. 11. [Turn a story game into their own story](https://twinery.org/) (ages 9+). After a story or choice game, have them write their own choose-your-path story on paper or in Twine, a free tool for branching stories. Planning branches teaches cause and effect and narrative structure. 12. Make a board game version (ages 7+). Turn a video game into a cardboard board game with dice, cards and rules. Kids have to decide what makes the original fun and how to keep it fair, which is systems thinking, math and design in one rainy afternoon. ### 12 questions to ask before you download a learning app Learning games explained. Downloading a learning app takes ten seconds; figuring out what it does with your child's attention, data and your credit card takes longer. These twelve questions cover what matters most: what it teaches, how it makes money, what it collects, and whether strangers can reach your child. Most can be answered from the store page, the privacy policy and five minutes of playing it yourself first. If you cannot answer a question, that is itself an answer. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/questions-before-you-download-a-learning-app Good to know: Download and play it yourself for five minutes before handing it over. Turn on purchase approvals and turn off notifications for every kids' app. Terms and age limits change. Check the current version, not a review from two years ago. If you cannot find a privacy policy or a way to contact the maker, skip the app. 1. [What exactly will my child learn?](https://www.psychologicalscience.org/publications/educational-apps.html). Look for a specific skill and age range: 'short vowel sounds, ages 4-6' rather than 'fun learning.' Hirsh-Pasek's team says an app's learning goals matter as much as its design. Vague promises usually mean thin content. 2. [Is the learning the game, or a toll to get to the game?](https://shura.shu.ac.uk/3556/). Play a few minutes yourself. If the fun part works without the subject and questions just interrupt it, it is a quiz-gate. Games where the skill is the move teach more and hold interest longer. 3. [How does the maker make money?](https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2793493). One-time price, subscription, school license, charity or ads? Free apps had more manipulative design in Radesky's 2022 study. A clear, honest business model is a good sign; a 'free' app with a busy shop is not. 4. [Are there ads, and what kind?](https://www.popsci.com/ads-kids-apps-games/). A 2018 study found ads in 95 percent of popular apps for kids 5 and under, including video ads mid-game and hidden ads. Check the store listing for 'contains ads' and play a few rounds to see how they show up. 5. [Are there in-app purchases or loot boxes?](https://support.apple.com/en-us/105055). The store page lists in-app purchases. Random paid prizes (loot boxes, mystery packs) should rule a learning app out. Turn on Apple's Ask to Buy or Google Play purchase approvals so every purchase comes to you first. Watch for: The FTC said Fortnite let kids buy currency without a parent until 2018. 6. What age do the terms of service say?. Store age ratings are about content, not about who may sign up. Many apps, including Duolingo's main app and Pokemon GO, require 13+ or a parent-made account for younger children. Read the terms, or search the app's parent page. 7. [What data does it collect, and which permissions does it want?](https://privacy.commonsense.org/evaluation/duolingo). Check the store's privacy label and the permissions the app asks for. A math game does not need your location, contacts or microphone. Common Sense Media's privacy program rates many popular kids' apps. Watch for: Deny permissions by default; most good apps still work. 8. [Can strangers contact my child?](https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2022/12/fortnite-video-game-maker-epic-games-pay-more-half-billion-dollars-over-ftc-allegations). Look for chat, friend requests, comments or voice. The FTC's Epic order now requires voice and text chat off by default for kids and teens. Good learning apps keep social features to classmates or family, or have none at all. 9. If it uses AI, what does the AI do?. Ask whether the AI just picks the next question, or whether your child can type freely to a chatbot. Find out who can read what your child types, whether it is used to train models, and what stops inappropriate answers. Most general chatbots are 13+ or 18+. 10. Does it end, or is it built to keep going?. Look for levels, daily limits or clear stopping points. Endless loops, streak alerts and 'one more' rewards are built for time on app, not learning. A good app lets you set a session length or ends on its own. 11. [Is there any evidence it works?](https://www.sri.com/publication/education-learning-pubs/digital-learning-pubs/digital-games-design-and-learning-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis-brief/). Look for independent studies, not just 'research-based' on the store page. Most apps have none, which is not a deal-breaker, but makers that publish real studies and name their advisors deserve extra trust. 12. Can I see what my child is doing?. A parent view or progress report helps you notice what your child is learning and where they are stuck. It also shows whether the app is any good. If there is no way to check, plan to play alongside now and then. ### 14 learning games for kids who say they hate learning games Learning games explained. Plenty of kids can smell an educational game from across the room, and they are often right: many are quiz-gates with a cartoon on top. The answer is not to sneak more math into Minecraft. It is to find real games that happen to build real skills. These picks are sorted by the kind of kid they suit: the builder, the competitor, the puzzle fiend, the storyteller, the kid who will not sit still. None of them look like homework. Some are free; a few cost money or need a grown-up nearby. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/learning-games-for-kids-who-hate-learning-games Good to know: Do not call them learning games. Just play. Check online and chat settings on anything with multiplayer before your child plays. Several picks need a grown-up nearby (VR, Geocaching, Pokemon GO, Infinite Craft). Let the interest lead. One loved game beats five tolerated ones. 1. [Baba Is You (for the puzzle fiend)](https://store.steampowered.com/app/736260) (Hempuli, ages 10+). The rules of each level are word blocks you can push around: change 'WALL IS STOP' to 'WALL IS WIN' and the level changes. It is pure logic and language, and it treats kids as clever. An award-winning indie puzzle game, not an educational one. Watch for: Very hard later on. Hints online can spoil the fun; use them sparingly. 2. [Super Mario Maker 2 (for the builder)](https://supermariomaker.nintendo.com) (Nintendo, ages 6+). Build Mario levels and test them on family and friends. Kids learn design, timing, cause and effect, and how to make something fair for another player. Rejected levels teach as much as good ones. Watch for: Online sharing needs a paid Nintendo Switch Online membership; other players' levels are not curated. 3. [Carmen Sandiego (2025) (for the detective)](https://www.engadget.com/gaming/the-new-carmen-sandiego-game-will-let-you-play-as-carmen-sandiego-194540530.html) (Gameloft, HarperCollins, Netflix Games, about $30 standard; included with Netflix on mobile (Oct 2026), ages 8+). A new puzzle-adventure where you play Carmen herself, chasing the VILE gang around the world. Clues need geography and reasoning, but it plays like a spy caper. The Netflix version has no in-game purchases. Watch for: Netflix mobile version needs a Netflix subscription. 4. [Lichess puzzles and Puzzle Storm (for the competitor)](https://lichess.org/about) (Lichess (volunteer-run, donation-funded), ages 6+). Free chess with no ads or trackers. Timed tactics puzzles like Puzzle Storm turn calculation into a race, and kids can play family members at their own level. Chess builds planning and patience without anyone calling it learning. Watch for: Turn on kid mode or turn off chat in settings before kids play online. 5. [Nitro Type (for the racer)](https://www.nitrotype.com/) (The makers of Typing.com, ages 8+). A multiplayer car race where typing speed and accuracy drive the car. Kids who refuse typing lessons will race classmates for hours. Teach finger placement first, then let racing build speed. Watch for: No lessons; has a paid tier and cosmetic shop. Check what your child can buy. 6. [Geocaching (for the kid who won't sit still)](https://apps.apple.com/us/app/geocaching/id329541503) (Groundspeak, ages 5+ with a parent). A real-world treasure hunt using GPS. Read coordinates, follow a map, solve the hint and find a hidden box. Walking, navigation and reading clues, all outside. The free version covers plenty of easy caches. Watch for: Always hunt with an adult. Premium is a paid subscription. 7. [Beat Saber (for the active tween)](https://beatsaber.com/faq.html) (Beat Games / Meta, ages 10+ (parent-managed account for 10-12)). Slice blocks to the beat in VR. It trains rhythm, timing, coordination and a real sweat. Kids who hate exercise and music lessons often love it. Watch for: Needs a VR headset and clear space. Meta requires parent-managed accounts for 10-12; turn on the explicit-lyrics filter. 8. [Quick, Draw! (for the doodler)](https://quickdraw.withgoogle.com/) (Google Creative Lab, ages 6+). You have 20 seconds to draw something while a neural network guesses what it is. Hilarious with siblings, and a gentle first look at how machine learning recognizes patterns. Free in any browser. Watch for: Drawings are added to a public dataset. Do not draw faces or names. 9. [Infinite Craft (for the endlessly curious)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infinite_Craft) (Neal Agarwal (neal.fun), ages 9+). Start with water, fire, wind and earth and combine them into anything. An AI model invents each result, so kids test ideas, chase rare finds and argue about whether the logic makes sense. Free in the browser. Watch for: AI-made results can be odd, crude or reference adult topics. Check in on younger players. 10. EXIT: The Game Kids (for the team player) (Kosmos, ages 5-8). A kid-sized escape room in a box: solve picture and logic riddles together to escape. It builds reasoning and teamwork with no screens, and siblings must cooperate to win. Watch for: Age labels vary by title (5+ or 6+); adult EXIT boxes are 10-12+. 11. [Scratch (for the kid who wants to make their own game)](https://scratch.mit.edu/about) (MIT Media Lab, ages 8-16). Kids who say they hate learning games often want to make one. Scratch lets them build real games and animations with code blocks and share them. Free, and used in more than 150 countries. ScratchJr covers ages 5-8. Watch for: The online community allows comments; it is moderated, but talk about sharing personal info. 12. [Twine (for the storyteller)](https://twinery.org/) (Chris Klimas and contributors, ages 10+). A free tool for writing choose-your-path stories that play in a browser. Kids who hate writing assignments will happily write a branching horror story for friends. Variables and logic come later, for kids who want them. Watch for: Needs some reading and typing; start with paper sketches. 13. [Breakout EDU Lock of the Day (for the five-minute kid)](https://www.breakoutedu.com/) (Breakout EDU, ages 7+). A daily digital lock that takes five minutes or less to crack. Short, satisfying and puzzle-first, it is a good warm-up for kids who will not commit to a longer game. Watch for: Fuller game libraries need a paid plan after a free trial. 14. [Pokemon GO (for the collector, with you)](https://explore.scopely.com/parents) (Niantic (now owned by Scopely), ages 13+, or under 13 with a parent-made kids account). Walk your neighborhood catching creatures and visiting landmarks. It gets reluctant walkers outside and sparks questions about local history and real animals. Best played as a family walk. Watch for: Location tracking, in-app purchases and walking while staring at a phone. Under-13s need a parent-made account. ### 8 myths about learning games, and what the research says Learning games explained. Parents hear two loud stories about games: that they rot kids' brains, or that the right app will turn screen time into a head start. The research tells a quieter, more useful story. Games can teach, but how much depends on design, on who plays with the child, and on what happens off screen. This list takes eight common beliefs and checks each against the studies, so you can make choices on evidence rather than marketing or worry. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/myths-about-learning-games Good to know: Research averages hide big differences between games. Judge the game in front of you. Most studies are short and school-based; home use with no adult may do less. Be wary of any app that promises to make your child smarter in general. 1. [Myth: Any game with math or reading in it is educational](https://www.sri.com/publication/education-learning-pubs/digital-learning-pubs/digital-games-design-and-learning-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis-brief/). Clark and colleagues (2016) found design features changed results as much as the medium did. A quiz bolted onto a racing game is different from a game where the math is the move. The subject on the label does not tell you much. 2. [Myth: Games are always more motivating than lessons](https://research-portal.uu.nl/en/publications/a-meta-analysis-of-the-cognitive-and-motivational-effects-of-seri/). Wouters and colleagues (2013) found serious games beat conventional teaching for learning but were not reliably more motivating. Novelty fades. A dull game is still dull, even with points. 3. [Myth: More rewards mean more learning](https://depts.washington.edu/techdocs/papers/deciExtrinsicRewardsAndIntrinsicMotivation99.pdf). A 1999 meta-analysis of 128 studies found expected, tangible rewards often lower kids' own interest afterward. Coins and badges can help as feedback, but when they become the reason to play, interest can drop once they stop. 4. [Myth: Kids learn best playing alone at their own pace](https://research-portal.uu.nl/en/publications/a-meta-analysis-of-the-cognitive-and-motivational-effects-of-seri/). The same Wouters meta-analysis found bigger gains when games were paired with other teaching, played over several sessions, and played in groups. Hirsh-Pasek's four pillars also list social interaction. A grown-up or friend multiplies the effect. 5. Myth: Brain-training games make kids smarter. Getting better at a memory game mostly makes you better at that game. Broad claims to boost intelligence have not held up, and in 2016 the FTC fined Lumosity's maker over unsupported claims. Real skills, like reading and math, need practice on those skills. 6. [Myth: All action games are bad for the brain](https://www.unige.ch/medias/en/2017/cdp051217). Bediou and colleagues (2018) found action game play linked to better attention and spatial skills, with modest gains in training studies when play was spread over weeks. That is not a reason to hand a 7-year-old an M-rated shooter, but it is not rot. 7. [Myth: 'Free' learning apps are a free lunch](https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2793493). Radesky's 2022 study found free apps carried more manipulative design than paid ones, and earlier work found ads in all the free kids' apps sampled. You often pay in attention, data or pressure to buy. 8. [Myth: Gamification is just a gimmick](https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10648-019-09498-w). Sailer and Homner (2020) found small but real positive effects of points, badges and leaderboards on learning. Done well, a game layer helps. The catch is the word 'small': it cannot rescue weak practice underneath. ### Top 50 free learning sites for kids (2026) Best of the web. These are the free websites and apps we would hand to a new parent: places where kids actually learn, not just tap. About a third use AI in some way, from reading tutors that listen to your child to tools that let kids train their own model. Free can still mean ads, upsells or data collection, so each pick notes the catch. Mix in one or two that match what your child loves, rather than trying all fifty. A good site has no ads aimed at kids, a clear learning goal, and no pressure to keep playing. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/top-50-free-learning-sites-for-kids-2026 Good to know: Free sites often pay their bills with ads or upsells. Check for ads before handing a device to a young child. Any tool with a microphone or webcam (reading coaches, Teachable Machine) should be used where you can see it, and switched off after. AI tutors and chatbots can be wrong. Teach kids to check an answer against the lesson or a book. Read the age rules. Many sites need a parent or teacher to set up an account for kids under 13. Wonderopolis closed in July 2025 and DK Find Out is gone. Old link lists still point to them. 1. [Khan Academy](https://www.khanacademy.org/) (Khan Academy (nonprofit), Free, ages 5-18). Free lessons, videos and practice from early math through AP and SAT prep. No ads, a clear mastery system, and a parent dashboard. The single best free place to start for school subjects. 2. [Khan Academy Kids](https://www.khanacademy.org/kids) (Khan Academy, Free, ages 2-8). An app for little kids with reading, math and social skills taught through stories and friendly animals. No ads, no in-app purchases, no upsell. It adjusts to your child as they go. 3. [PBS KIDS Games](https://pbskids.org/games) (PBS KIDS, Free, ages 2-8). Hundreds of short games starring Daniel Tiger, Wild Kratts, Molly of Denali and more, each tied to a learning goal. No sign-up and no ads, so it is a safe first website for small kids. 4. [Code.org](https://code.org/) (Code.org (nonprofit), Free, ages 4-18). Free computer science courses from kindergarten up, with block coding puzzles, game makers and now AI lessons. Its yearly Hour of Code has become the Hour of AI. Works at home without a teacher. 5. [Scratch](https://scratch.mit.edu/) (MIT Media Lab / Scratch Foundation, Free, ages 8-16). Kids snap together code blocks to make games, stories and animations, then share them. It is the most used coding tool for kids in the world, and it stays free and nonprofit. Watch for: Sharing is public and comments come from strangers. Read the parents page and talk about what to post. 6. [ScratchJr](https://www.scratchjr.org/) (MIT / Tufts DevTech, Free, ages 5-7). The little-kid version of Scratch for tablets. Children make characters hop, talk and dance by snapping picture blocks, before they can read well. No accounts, no sharing, no ads. 7. [CK-12](https://www.ck12.org/) (CK-12 Foundation (nonprofit), Free, ages 8-18). Free digital textbooks, practice and simulations for math and science, grades 1-12. It also has Flexi, an AI tutor that answers questions about each lesson. A strong free option for middle and high school. Watch for: Flexi is an AI chatbot. Check its answers against the lesson, and read the privacy page with your teen. 8. [Read Along by Google](https://readalong.google/) (Google, Free, ages 5-10). A reading buddy named Diya listens as your child reads aloud and helps with hard words. Speech is processed on the device. Hundreds of free leveled stories, no ads. Watch for: Uses the microphone while reading. Turn it off when the session ends. 9. [Microsoft Reading Coach](https://coach.microsoft.com/) (Microsoft, Free, ages 6-13). Kids read a story aloud and get feedback on the words they missed. It can also build AI-made stories around words your child needs to practice. Free with a Microsoft account. Watch for: Needs a Microsoft account and the microphone. AI stories are checked by filters, but read a few yourself. 10. [Teachable Machine](https://teachablemachine.withgoogle.com/) (Google Creative Lab, Free, ages 8-18). Train your own small AI model in the browser using your webcam, sounds or poses. In five minutes kids see that AI learns from examples, and that bad examples make a bad model. 11. [Quick, Draw!](https://quickdraw.withgoogle.com/) (Google Creative Lab, Free, ages 6-14). You doodle, and a neural network guesses what it is in 20 seconds. A fun, fast way to start a talk about how AI recognizes things and why it sometimes gets them wrong. Watch for: Drawings are added to a public dataset. No names are attached, but tell kids that. 12. [Machine Learning for Kids](https://machinelearningforkids.co.uk/) (Dale Lane, Free, ages 9-16). Kids train a model on text, pictures or numbers, then use it inside a Scratch game they build. The best free bridge from playing with AI to understanding it. Watch for: A parent or teacher sets up the account. Some projects need a free cloud key. 13. [Starfall](https://www.starfall.com/h/) (Starfall Education Foundation, Free core; paid membership, ages 3-8). Phonics, early reading and math with simple songs and animations. A classic for preschool to grade 2. Much of it is free, and a low-cost membership opens the rest. 14. [Storyline Online](https://storylineonline.net/) (SAG-AFTRA Foundation, Free, ages 3-10). Actors read picture books aloud on video, with the pages on screen and activity guides for each book. Free and well made, and it builds listening and vocabulary. Watch for: Videos play on YouTube, so turn off autoplay. 15. [Unite for Literacy](https://www.uniteforliteracy.com/) (Unite for Literacy, Free, ages 2-7). Hundreds of short picture books with real photos, each narrated in dozens of languages. Very good for early readers and families who speak another language at home. 16. [StoryWeaver](https://storyweaver.org.in/) (Pratham Books, Free, ages 3-12). A free digital library of thousands of picture books in more than 300 languages, sorted by reading level. Kids can also make their own books from the art library. 17. [Libby](https://libbyapp.com/) (OverDrive, Free with a library card, ages All ages). Borrow ebooks and audiobooks from your public library on a phone or tablet. Most libraries have big kids' collections, and holds are free. The best free book source for most families. 18. [NASA Space Place](https://spaceplace.nasa.gov/) (NASA, Free, ages 6-12). Space and Earth science for kids, with games, crafts, quizzes and clear explainers on planets, weather and the sun. It has no ads and is written by NASA scientists and educators, so the science is solid. 19. [National Geographic Kids](https://kids.nationalgeographic.com/) (National Geographic, Free, ages 6-12). Animal facts, science, history and geography with striking photos, short videos and quizzes. Kids can browse for fun or dig into a topic, and it is a reliable source for a first school report. Watch for: Has promotions for magazines and products. 20. [PhET Interactive Simulations](https://phet.colorado.edu/) (University of Colorado Boulder, Free, ages 8-18). Free science and math simulations: build circuits, change gravity, balance chemical equations. Kids learn by changing things and watching what happens. Runs in the browser. 21. [Mathigon](https://mathigon.org/) (Mathigon / Amplify, Free, ages 9-18). An interactive math textbook and Polypad, a virtual box of tiles, dice and shapes. Good for kids who like to see why math works, not just memorize steps. 22. [Desmos](https://www.desmos.com/) (Desmos Studio, Free, ages 12-18). The free graphing calculator many schools use, plus a scientific calculator and geometry tool. Teens can make art from equations. It is the calculator they will see on tests. 23. [Zearn](https://about.zearn.org/) (Zearn (nonprofit), Free for families, ages 5-14). Daily math lessons for K-8 with videos and digital practice, free for families. It follows a common school curriculum, so it helps with what kids see in class. 24. [ReadWorks](https://www.readworks.org/) (ReadWorks (nonprofit), Free, ages 6-15). Thousands of nonfiction and fiction passages with questions, sorted by grade and topic, many with audio. Free for teachers and parents who make an account. 25. [CommonLit](https://www.commonlit.org/) (CommonLit (nonprofit), Free, ages 8-18). A free library of reading passages for grades 3-12, from poems to news articles, each with questions and discussion prompts. Good for kids who need more nonfiction and practice reading closely. 26. [TED-Ed](https://ed.ted.com/) (TED, Free, ages 10-18). Short animated lessons on science, history, language and big questions, each with a quiz, discussion questions and links to dig deeper. A good habit for curious kids from about age 10. 27. [Crash Course](https://thecrashcourse.com/) (Complexly, Free, ages 8-18). Fast, funny video courses on biology, history, economics, AI and more, made by a team of writers and experts. Crash Course Kids covers grade-school science; the main series suit teens. Watch for: Lives on YouTube. Use a supervised account for kids under 13. 28. [Smithsonian Learning Lab](https://learninglab.si.edu/) (Smithsonian Institution, Free, ages 8-18). Millions of images, videos and records from Smithsonian museums, plus ready-made collections on topics kids study in school. Kids can build their own collection for a project and share it with a teacher. 29. [Google Arts & Culture](https://artsandculture.google.com/) (Google, Free, ages 6-18). Walk through world museums, zoom into famous paintings and play art games. Its playful AI experiments, like Blob Opera, are a gentle intro to what AI can do. 30. [Chrome Music Lab](https://musiclab.chromeexperiments.com/) (Google, Free, ages 3-12). A set of simple browser tools for playing with rhythm, melody, chords and sound waves. There is no account and no ads, and even toddlers can make a song by tapping colored squares. 31. [TypingClub](https://www.typingclub.com/) (EdClub, Free; paid school edition, ages 7-14). A step-by-step typing course with short lessons, games and videos, used by many schools. Kids can start right away with no account, and progress is easy to see as speed and accuracy grow. 32. [Typing.com](https://www.typing.com/) (Teaching.com, Free with ads; paid ad-free, ages 7-14). Typing lessons that start with home row and build to full speed, plus short units on coding and digital literacy. A good second choice if your child gets bored with another typing course. 33. [Lichess](https://lichess.org/) (Lichess (nonprofit), Free, ages 6-18). Free, open-source chess with puzzles, lessons, studies and games against the computer at any level. It has no ads and no paid tier, ever. Kid mode turns off chat with other players. Watch for: Turn on kid mode in settings before your child plays strangers. 34. [ChessKid](https://www.chesskid.com/) (Chess.com, Free; paid membership, ages 5-13). Chess built for kids, with video lessons, puzzles, a cartoon look and moderated play against other kids. The free level is plenty to learn on, and many school chess clubs use it. 35. [Duolingo](https://www.duolingo.com/) (Duolingo, Free with ads; paid tiers, ages 8-18). Bite-size language lessons in dozens of languages. Its AI features grade speaking and explain mistakes in paid tiers. Good daily practice, not a full course. Watch for: Streaks and notifications are built to pull kids back. Check the age rules in its terms. 36. [Seterra](https://www.geoguessr.com/seterra) (GeoGuessr, Free with ads, ages 8-18). Map quizzes for countries, capitals, states, rivers and flags, with hundreds of quiz types. Kids learn world geography fast by playing for a few minutes a day and trying to beat their time. 37. [Ducksters](https://www.ducksters.com/) (Technological Solutions, Free, ages 8-14). Clear, short articles on history, science, biographies, geography and sports, written at a level kids can read on their own. It is a handy, plain-language starting point for homework and reports. Watch for: Ad-supported, so expect banner ads on every page. 38. [BBC Bitesize](https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize) (BBC, Free, ages 4-16). Short videos, guides and quizzes for every school subject, from age 4 to 16. Built for the UK curriculum, but most of it travels well. 39. [Oak National Academy](https://www.thenational.academy/) (Oak National Academy (UK), Free, ages 5-16). Thousands of free video lessons taught by real UK teachers, with quizzes and worksheets, sorted by year group and subject. It works as a full free school library for ages 5 to 16. 40. [Science Buddies](https://www.sciencebuddies.org/) (Science Buddies (nonprofit), Free, ages 6-18). Over a thousand science fair projects and home experiments, sorted by grade and interest, with step-by-step guides. Its Topic Selection Wizard helps kids find a project that fits what they love. Watch for: Some ads and kit links. 41. [Exploratorium Science Snacks](https://www.exploratorium.edu/snacks) (Exploratorium, Free, ages 6-16). Hands-on science activities from San Francisco's science museum, made with cheap, common materials like cups, magnets and string. Each one explains what is going on and why, so kids learn the idea behind the trick. 42. [Tinkercad](https://www.tinkercad.com/) (Autodesk, Free, ages 8-18). Simple 3D design, circuit simulation and code blocks in the browser. Kids design objects, then print them on a library or school 3D printer. Classroom and kid accounts are free. Watch for: Under-13s need a parent or teacher to set up an account. 43. [MIT App Inventor](https://appinventor.mit.edu/) (MIT, Free, ages 10-18). Build real Android and iPhone apps with blocks. Kids can make a working app in an hour, and it now includes tools for adding AI features. 44. [Teach Your Monster](https://www.teachyourmonster.org/) (Teach Your Monster (nonprofit), Free on the web; apps may cost, ages 3-7). Phonics, reading and number games where kids create a monster and care for it as they learn. It was built with reading experts, is free in the browser, and is widely used in UK schools. 45. [Be Internet Awesome: Interland](https://beinternetawesome.withgoogle.com/en_us/interland) (Google, Free, ages 7-12). A free game about online safety where kids spot phishing, build strong passwords and practice being kind online. It is short, works in the browser, and is a good one to play together. 46. [Day of AI](https://dayofai.org/) (MIT RAISE, Free, ages 5-18). Free AI lessons for every grade, from what AI is to how it can be unfair. Made for schools, but parents can use the activities at home. 47. [GoNoodle](https://www.gonoodle.com/) (GoNoodle, Free, ages 4-10). Short dance, movement and mindfulness videos that get kids up and moving between lessons or after school. Many teachers use it every day, and some videos sneak in counting or spelling practice. Watch for: Has some brand partnerships. Watch for promoted content. 48. [Wordsmyth Word Explorer](https://kids.wordsmyth.net/) (Wordsmyth, Free, ages 5-12). A real children's dictionary with simple definitions, example sentences, pictures and a picture dictionary for K-2. It is a better answer to a word question than a web search or a chatbot. 49. [Math Is Fun](https://www.mathsisfun.com/) (Rod Pierce, Free, ages 7-18). Plain explanations of math topics from counting to calculus, with diagrams, puzzles, games and worksheets. A quick, friendly place to look up a concept when homework does not make sense. Watch for: Ad-supported, so expect banner ads on most pages. 50. [Toy Theater](https://toytheater.com/) (Toy Theater, Free with ads; paid ad-free, ages 4-10). Simple, clean math, reading and art games, plus virtual manipulatives like base-ten blocks, fraction bars and clocks. There is no sign-up, and it loads fast on old school computers. ### 33 best educational YouTube channels, by age Best of the web. YouTube is where most kids already learn things, so it pays to steer them toward channels that are accurate, calm and kind. We sorted these by age: preschool (2-5), early grade school (6-9), tweens (10-13) and teens. For little kids, look for slow pacing and real teaching, not loud colors and toy unboxing. For older kids, look for channels that show their sources and explain how they know. Two picks for teens explain how AI and neural networks work, which is worth more than any number of hype videos. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/best-educational-youtube-channels-by-age Good to know: YouTube's main app is for 13 and up. For younger kids use YouTube Kids or a supervised account through Google Family Link. Turn off autoplay. The next video is picked to keep kids watching, not learning. Ads and sponsor segments appear even on good channels. Talk with kids about which parts are ads. AI-made knockoff videos copy popular kids' channels. Subscribe to the real channels so they come up first. Watch together when you can, and ask what they learned. That is when video sticks. 1. [Sesame Street](https://www.youtube.com/@SesameStreet) (Sesame Workshop, Free, ages 2-5). Short clips of songs, letters, numbers and feelings from a show backed by more than 50 years of research. It is a safe default for the youngest viewers and good to watch together. 2. [Ms Rachel](https://www.youtube.com/@msrachel) (Rachel Griffin Accurso, Free, ages 1-4). Slow, warm videos built around speech and language: she pauses, waits for answers and models words. Speech therapists often recommend her for toddlers who are late talkers. Watch for: Episodes are long. Pick one and turn off autoplay. 3. [Super Simple Songs](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCLsooMJoIpl_7ux2jvdPB-Q) (Super Simple, Free, ages 1-5). Calm, clear songs for routines, counting, colors and learning English, made by teachers. The pacing is slower and less frantic than most toddler channels, which is better for young attention spans. 4. [Numberblocks](https://www.blocksuniverse.tv/) (Blue Zoo / BBC, Free on YouTube and the official site, ages 3-6). Characters made of blocks show what numbers are: 3 is three blocks, and 3 plus 2 makes 5. Our top math pick for preschool. Alphablocks does the same for phonics. 5. [Cosmic Kids Yoga](https://www.youtube.com/c/CosmicKidsYoga) (Cosmic Kids, Free; paid app, ages 3-8). Yoga adventures told as stories, where kids move along with the host through themes like Frozen or space. Good for rainy days, getting energy out and calming down before bed. 6. [Jack Hartmann](https://www.youtube.com/user/JackHartmann) (Jack Hartmann, Free, ages 3-7). Movement songs for counting, skip counting, letters and sight words from a longtime teacher. Many kindergarten classes use them daily, and they get wiggly kids learning while they move. 7. [StoryBots](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAJnyTWJPpKXuwgWQDdNWrQ) (Netflix / StoryBots, Free clips; full show on Netflix, ages 3-7). Funny songs and shorts that answer kid questions, like how the sun works or why we need sleep. The facts are accurate, the songs are catchy, and the full show is on Netflix. 8. [SciShow Kids](https://www.youtube.com/user/scishowkids) (Complexly, Free, ages 5-9). Jessi and her robot friend Squeaks answer science questions with simple experiments and clear explanations. The back catalog is big and still holds up, even though new uploads have slowed. 9. [Crash Course Kids](https://www.youtube.com/user/crashcoursekids) (Complexly, Free, ages 7-10). Grade-school science and engineering in short episodes, matched to US science standards. A great fit when a child has a homework topic on weather, ecosystems or simple machines. 10. [Wild Kratts](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCxEmDFo1yUbbxjEb9RjitVA) (Kratt Brothers / PBS KIDS, Free clips, ages 5-9). Animal science adventures with the Kratt brothers, in clips from the PBS KIDS show. Kids learn how animals hunt, hide and survive, and they remember the facts because the stories stick. 11. [Art for Kids Hub](https://www.artforkidshub.com/) (Rob Jensen and family, Free, ages 4-12). A dad and his kids draw together step by step, from cartoon animals to holiday cards. Gentle pace and easy to follow at the kitchen table. 12. [NUMBEROCK](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCt9SZgFExNwWTH5T_JnyF-A) (NUMBEROCK, Free; paid worksheets, ages 6-11). Catchy music videos for times tables, fractions, place value, shapes and money, made by a teacher. Kids end up singing them for weeks, which is exactly the point. 13. [GoNoodle](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC2YBT7HYqCbbvzu3kKZ3wnw) (GoNoodle, Free, ages 4-10). Dance and movement breaks, many with counting, spelling or mindfulness built in. Good for getting energy out after school or between homework tasks, especially for kids who struggle to sit still. 14. [Kids Learning Tube](https://www.youtube.com/c/kidslearningtube) (Kids Learning Tube, Free, ages 5-10). Animated songs about planets, countries, the human body and animals. They are simple and memorable for younger grade-schoolers, and handy to replay when a topic comes up in class. 15. [Storyline Online](https://storylineonline.net/) (SAG-AFTRA Foundation, Free, ages 4-9). Actors read picture books aloud with the illustrated pages on screen. A good choice when your child wants a screen but you would rather they spent the time with a book. 16. [Mark Rober](https://www.youtube.com/@MarkRober) (Mark Rober, Free, ages 8-14). A former NASA engineer builds wild gadgets and tests big ideas, then explains the engineering. Kids watch for the stunts and learn the design process. Watch for: Many videos promote his paid CrunchLabs boxes. 17. [Kurzgesagt](https://www.youtube.com/@kurzgesagt) (Kurzgesagt, Free, ages 10-18). Beautiful animated explainers on space, biology, technology and big questions, with sources published for every video. A favorite for curious tweens and teens who want to understand the world. Watch for: Some topics, like the end of the universe or disease, can upset sensitive kids. 18. [TED-Ed](https://ed.ted.com/) (TED, Free, ages 10-18). Five-minute animated lessons on everything from riddles and myths to chemistry and history. Each lesson has questions and extra reading on the TED-Ed site for kids who want more. 19. [Steve Mould](https://www.youtube.com/@SteveMould) (Steve Mould, Free, ages 10-18). Clear physics explanations of strange things, like self-siphoning beads or why some liquids climb. He builds models to show what is happening, which teaches kids how to test ideas. 20. [Smarter Every Day](https://www.youtube.com/@SmarterEveryDay) (Destin Sandlin, Free, ages 10-18). An engineer films things in slow motion and asks experts how they work, from helicopters to the way cats land. It models real curiosity and how to ask good questions. 21. [MinuteEarth](https://www.youtube.com/@minuteearth) (MinuteEarth, Free, ages 9-16). Short, funny animated videos about nature, animals and the planet, with clear science. Each is only a few minutes long, which makes it good for short screen-time windows. 22. [Numberphile](https://www.youtube.com/@Numberphile) (Brady Haran, Free, ages 11-18). Mathematicians explain fun number puzzles and famous problems with pen and brown paper. Best for kids who already like math and want to see where it goes beyond school. 23. [Practical Engineering](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCMOqf8ab-42UUQIdVoKwjlQ) (Grady Hillhouse, Free, ages 11-18). How dams, bridges, roads and water systems work, explained with tabletop models and clear demos. It makes the built world around kids suddenly interesting. Good for teens weighing engineering careers. 24. [Math Antics](https://www.mathantics.com/) (Math Antics, Free on YouTube; paid extras, ages 8-14). Slow, clear math lessons from basic arithmetic to fractions, decimals and pre-algebra. Great when homework is confusing and you cannot remember how you were taught it. 25. [3Blue1Brown](https://www.youtube.com/@3blue1brown) (Grant Sanderson, Free, ages 14-18). Visual math lessons from Grant Sanderson, including the clearest short series on how neural networks and large language models work. Essential viewing for teens curious about AI. 26. [Welch Labs](https://www.youtube.com/@WelchLabs) (Welch Labs, Free, ages 14-18). Deep, carefully animated explainers on how AI and machine learning really work, with the history behind them. For teens who want more than headlines and hype about AI. 27. [Veritasium](https://www.youtube.com/@veritasium) (Derek Muller, Free, ages 12-18). Science and engineering stories that start with a puzzle and end with a surprise, often filmed with real experiments. It builds real understanding and shows how scientists think. 28. [Crash Course](https://www.youtube.com/user/crashcourse) (Complexly, Free, ages 13-18). Full video courses in history, biology, chemistry, economics, AI and more. Many teens use them to review for tests, and teachers use them in class. 29. [Khan Academy](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC4a-Gbdw7vOaccHmFo40b9g) (Khan Academy, Free, ages 12-18). Thousands of lesson videos from basic math to AP Chemistry and economics. Best paired with the free practice exercises on the Khan Academy site, where progress is tracked. 30. [CGP Grey](https://www.youtube.com/@CGPGrey) (CGP Grey, Free, ages 13-18). Sharp, well-researched explainers on government, voting systems, geography and history. Uploads are rare, but the back catalog is strong and great for civics. Try the voting videos before an election. 31. [Real Engineering](https://www.youtube.com/@RealEngineering) (Brian McManus, Free, ages 14-18). How planes, rockets, energy grids and other technology work, explained by an engineer with clear animation. Good for teens thinking about engineering as a career. 32. [Professor Dave Explains](https://www.youtube.com/@ProfessorDaveExplains) (Dave Farina, Free, ages 14-18). Plain, step-by-step lessons on chemistry, biology, physics and math, plus videos that check popular science myths. A good free tutor for high school science. Good for test review at any pace. Watch for: Some debunking videos are sharp in tone. 33. [NileRed](https://www.youtube.com/@NileRed) (Nigel Braun, Free, ages 13-18). A chemist tries odd experiments, like turning gloves into grape soda, and films every step. It shows how slow, careful and full of failure real lab work is. Watch for: Do not try these at home. Chemicals and equipment are dangerous. ### 25 best educational podcasts for kids Best of the web. Podcasts are screen-free learning that fits in the car, at bedtime or while drawing. The best ones for kids are funny, answer real questions and leave room for a conversation afterward. This list covers science, history, money, ethics, news and stories, from preschool to teens. Look for shows with a kid's voice in them, clear sourcing for facts, and few ads. Most of these are free on any podcast app; search the name in Apple Podcasts, Spotify or your library app. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/best-educational-podcasts-for-kids Good to know: Many free kids' podcasts carry host-read ads. Tell kids which parts are ads. Podcast apps suggest the next show automatically, and some suggestions are for adults. Set up a playlist. The old Peace Out podcast domain now leads to a gambling site. Use podcast apps, not old links, for archived shows. News shows for kids still cover hard events. Preview episodes after a big tragedy. Smart speakers can play podcasts, but they also listen. Check the speaker's voice recording settings. 1. [Brains On!](https://brainson.org/brains-on) (Brains On Universe, Free, ages 6-12). A science show where a kid co-host and the team answer listener questions, from why cats purr to how AI learns. Smart, funny and well researched. 2. [But Why: A Podcast for Curious Kids](https://www.vermontpublic.org/podcast/but-why-a-podcast-for-curious-kids) (Vermont Public, Free, ages 4-10). Kids send in big questions and the host finds experts to answer them, about nature, feelings, history and more. Gentle, warm and great for younger kids and car rides. 3. [Wow in the World](https://tinkercast.com/all-podcasts/wow-in-the-world/) (Tinkercast, Free; paid ad-free membership, ages 5-11). Two goofy hosts turn brand-new science discoveries into silly stories with sound effects. A long-time family car favorite that makes kids ask follow-up questions. Episodes run about 25 minutes. Watch for: Host-read ads in the free feed. 4. [Tumble Science Podcast for Kids](https://www.sciencepodcastforkids.com/) (Tumble Media, Free, ages 6-12). Real scientists explain their work through mysteries and interviews. Each episode shows how science is done, not just what we know, which is a useful lesson in an age of AI answers. 5. [Circle Round](https://www.wbur.org/podcasts/circleround) (WBUR, Free, ages 4-10). Folk tales from around the world, acted out with music and a discussion question at the end. Calm, thoughtful and great for bedtime or quiet time. 6. [Story Pirates](https://www.storypirates.com/podcast) (Story Pirates, Free, ages 5-12). Comedy actors turn stories written by kids into musical sketches. It is very funny, and it makes kids want to write and send in their own stories. 7. [Forever Ago](https://brainson.org/forever-ago) (Brains On Universe, Free, ages 6-12). The history of everyday things, like birthday cakes, pencils, toilets and video games. A painless and funny way into history that families can enjoy together. 8. [Smash Boom Best](https://brainson.org/smash-boom-best) (Brains On Universe, Free, ages 6-12). Two things go head to head in a friendly debate, like cats vs. dogs or pizza vs. tacos. Kids learn to build an argument with evidence and to change their minds. 9. [Who Smarted?](https://whosmarted.com/) (Who Smarted?, Free, ages 5-12). Short, comedy-packed lessons on science, history and the arts, each built around one fun question. Episodes are quick and easy to fit into a school run. 10. [Million Bazillion](https://www.marketplace.org/shows/million-bazillion) (Marketplace, Free, ages 7-12). Money questions kids actually ask, like how banks work, why things cost what they do and what taxes are. A strong, friendly start on financial literacy. Watch for: Check for new episodes; the archive is the main draw. 11. [Short & Curly](https://www.abc.net.au/listen/programs/shortandcurly) (ABC Australia, Free, ages 8-13). A fun ethics podcast from Australia. Each episode asks a tricky question, like whether robots should have rights, and pauses so families can argue it out. 12. [The Past and The Curious](https://thepastandthecurious.com/) (The Past and The Curious, Free, ages 6-13). True history stories with music, humor and a quiz, chosen for the surprising bits most textbooks skip. Good for families listening together on trips. Episodes suit ages six and up. 13. [Six Minutes](https://gzmshows.com/shows/six-minutes/) (GZM Shows, Free, ages 8-12). A serialized mystery about a girl found in the ocean, told in short episodes. It builds listening stamina the way a good chapter book does, and kids beg for the next one. 14. [The Big Fib](https://gzmshows.com/shows/the-big-fib/) (GZM Shows, Free, ages 7-12). A kid listens to two experts and must guess which one is lying. It teaches kids to notice when something does not add up, a key skill for spotting false claims online. 15. [Newsy Pooloozi](https://www.newsypooloozi.com/) (Newsy Pooloozi, Free, ages 7-12). World news explained for kids, with care around scary stories and plenty of fun facts. Good for kids who hear about headlines and have questions. 16. [KidNuz](https://www.kidnuz.org/) (KidNuz, Free, ages 7-12). A short daily news show for kids, read by former TV news reporters. Episodes are under ten minutes and balanced, so it fits into breakfast. 17. [Noodle Loaf](https://www.noodleloaf.com/) (Noodle Loaf, Free, ages 3-8). An interactive music show where kids clap, sing and echo rhythms back. Episodes are short and great for preschoolers who need to move. Each one ends with a song to sing back. 18. [What If World](https://www.whatifworldpodcast.com/) (What If World, Free, ages 5-11). Kids ask wild what-if questions, like what if dogs could talk, and the host spins them into stories. Fun for imagination, writing ideas and car rides. 19. [Eleanor Amplified](https://whyy.org/programs/eleanor-amplified/) (WHYY, Free, ages 7-12). A radio-drama adventure about a reporter who outsmarts villains. Along the way it builds media literacy: who to trust, how to check facts and why it matters. 20. [Terrestrials](https://radiolab.org/radiolab-kids) (Radiolab / WNYC Studios, Free, ages 6-12). Radiolab's nature show for families, with songs, strange animal facts and great sound design. Beautifully produced and fun for adults too. Each episode answers one wild nature question with real scientists. 21. [The Who Was? Podcast](https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-who-was-podcast/id1612489478) (Penguin Random House / Who HQ, Free, ages 7-12). Short biographies of famous people based on the popular book series, with kid hosts asking the questions. A good bridge to the books themselves. Each episode is a short, complete life story. 22. [Book Club for Kids](https://www.bookclubforkids.org/) (Book Club for Kids, Free, ages 8-13). Kids discuss a book together, and an actor reads part of it aloud. A gentle push toward the library and a model for talking about books. 23. [Storynory](https://www.storynory.com/) (Storynory, Free, ages 4-11). Free audio fairy tales, myths and classic stories, read by professional narrators. The archive is huge, and the text is on the site for reading along. 24. [Science Friday](https://www.sciencefriday.com/) (Science Friday, Free, ages 13-18). Public radio's weekly science show, with interviews with researchers about new discoveries. Teens get real science news and a sense of how research works. Older episodes are free in the archive. 25. [Short Wave](https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/short-wave/id1482575855) (NPR, Free, ages 13-18). A daily 10-15 minute science episode from NPR about one discovery or question. A good daily habit for teens and easy to fit into a commute. ### 24 best free sources of books and read-alouds online Best of the web. You do not need to pay a monthly fee to keep a child in books. Between your public library's apps, nonprofit digital libraries and free read-aloud videos, there are more good children's books online for free than any family can read. This list starts with library apps, then covers free picture-book libraries in many languages, classic books, audio stories and read-aloud videos. Paper books still matter most for young kids, so we included two ways to get real books at home for free. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/best-free-books-and-read-alouds-online Good to know: Read-aloud videos on YouTube autoplay into other videos. Use the site's own player or turn off autoplay. Free story sites with ads may show ads that are not for kids. Prefer the nonprofit libraries for young children. AI-written storybooks are flooding app stores and free sites. Prefer books with a named author and illustrator. Many paid reading apps are only 'free' for teachers. Check the terms before you build a habit on one. 1. [Libby](https://www.overdrive.com/apps/libby) (OverDrive, Free with a library card, ages All ages). Borrow ebooks and audiobooks from your public library. Search by age and format, and send books to a Kindle in the US. The first thing to set up. 2. [Sora](https://soraapp.com/) (OverDrive, Free through schools, ages 8-18). The student version of Libby, used by many schools. Kids sign in with a school account and get the school's ebook and audiobook collection, often linked to the public library too. 3. [hoopla](https://www.hoopladigital.com/) (Midwest Tape, Free with a participating library, ages All ages). Instant library borrowing with no waitlists for comics, picture books, audiobooks and movies. Libraries set a monthly limit, but there is no waiting for popular titles. 4. [Kanopy](https://www.kanopy.com/) (Kanopy, Free with a participating library, ages 3-12). Library streaming with a kids' section of read-along videos, shows and films, with no ads. A good, calm option when you want screen time tied to books. 5. [Storyline Online](https://storylineonline.net/) (SAG-AFTRA Foundation, Free, ages 3-10). Actors read picture books aloud on video, with the pages on screen and activity guides for each book. Free, well made and loved by teachers. 6. [Story Time From Space](https://storytimefromspace.com/) (Global Space Education Foundation, Free, ages 4-10). Astronauts read children's books aloud on the International Space Station, and some videos show science demos in zero gravity. Reading and space science at once. 7. [Unite for Literacy](https://www.uniteforliteracy.com/) (Unite for Literacy, Free, ages 2-7). Short picture books with real photos, narrated in dozens of languages. Ideal for bilingual families, English learners and brand-new readers. Kids can switch the narration language on any page with one tap. 8. [StoryWeaver](https://storyweaver.org.in/) (Pratham Books, Free, ages 3-12). Thousands of leveled picture books in more than 300 languages, free to read, download and print. Kids can also make their own books with the art library. 9. [International Children's Digital Library](https://www.childrenslibrary.org/) (ICDL Foundation, Free, ages 4-12). Children's books from around the world, scanned in their original languages. A great way for kids to see how children in other countries read and live. 10. [Bloom Library](https://bloomlibrary.org/) (SIL International, Free, ages 3-12). Thousands of free books in hundreds of languages, many made by local communities and teachers. Many have audio, and the app works offline. Free and ad-free, made for learners everywhere. 11. [Book Dash](https://bookdash.org/) (Book Dash (South Africa), Free, ages 2-8). New African picture books made by volunteer writers and artists in a single day, free to read, print and translate. Fresh stories you will not find elsewhere. 12. [Global Digital Library](https://digitallibrary.io/) (Global Digital Library, Free, ages 3-10). Free early-grade reading books in many languages, with an app for offline reading. Built to give every child books in a language they understand. Free and ad-free for any family. 13. [Oxford Owl free eBook library](https://home.oxfordowl.co.uk/reading/free-ebooks/) (Oxford University Press, Free, ages 3-11). Over 100 phonics-based ebooks sorted by age and reading level, built for early readers learning to decode. Needs a free account. It is the UK publisher behind many school phonics schemes. 14. [Project Gutenberg](https://www.gutenberg.org/) (Project Gutenberg (volunteers), Free, ages 8-18). More than 70,000 free public-domain books, including classics like Alice in Wonderland, The Secret Garden and The Wind in the Willows. Read online or download. 15. [LibriVox](https://librivox.org/) (LibriVox (volunteers), Free, ages 6-18). Free audiobooks of public-domain books, read by volunteers around the world. Quality varies, so try a few readers before settling on one. Best for classics you already own in print, so kids can follow along. 16. [Open Library](https://openlibrary.org/) (Internet Archive, Free with an account, ages 6-18). Borrow scanned copies of many modern and older books online, one reader at a time, like a real library. Great for finding older or out-of-print titles. Watch for: Some titles are under legal dispute and can disappear. 17. [Storyberries](https://www.storyberries.com/) (Storyberries, Free, ages 3-10). Free illustrated bedtime stories, fairy tales and poems, sorted by age and reading time. Handy when you need a quick new story at night. No sign-up needed to start reading. Watch for: Ad-supported, so preview pages before young kids browse alone. 18. [Storynory](https://www.storynory.com/) (Storynory, Free, ages 4-11). Hundreds of free audio stories, from fairy tales to Greek myths and original tales, with the text on the page for reading along. New stories are added most weeks. 19. [RIF Literacy Central](https://www.rif.org/literacy-central) (Reading Is Fundamental, Free, ages 3-12). Free read-aloud videos, book guides, games and printables built around specific children's books, from a long-running US literacy nonprofit. Start with the read-aloud videos, then print the matching activity sheets for later. 20. [Dolly Parton's Imagination Library](https://imaginationlibrary.com/) (The Dollywood Foundation, Free where available, ages 0-5). A free book mailed to your child every month from birth to age five, where a local partner runs it. Real paper books, at no cost. 21. [Read Along by Google](https://readalong.google/) (Google, Free, ages 5-10). Free leveled stories with an on-device AI reading buddy who listens as your child reads and helps with hard words. Practice and books in one ad-free app. Watch for: Uses the microphone during reading sessions. 22. [Bookshare](https://www.bookshare.org/) (Benetech, Free for qualifying US students, ages 5-18). Accessible ebooks for people with dyslexia, low vision and other print disabilities, with text-to-speech and large print. Free for qualifying US students. Ask your school about signing up, since it can verify eligibility. 23. [Little Free Library](https://littlefreelibrary.org/) (Little Free Library (nonprofit), Free, ages All ages). Find the free book-sharing boxes near you on a map, from front yards to parks. Take a book, leave a book, and maybe build one with your kids. 24. [KidLit TV](https://www.kidlit.tv/) (KidLit TV, Free, ages 4-12). Authors and illustrators read their books and show how they make them. Inspiring for kids who like to draw and write their own stories. Videos are short and ad-free. ### 18 best free printables and worksheet sites Best of the web. Sometimes the right tool is a pencil and a sheet of paper. Printables are great for practice away from screens, for travel, and for kids who learn better by writing. The catch is that many 'free' sites are ad-heavy or give you three sheets before a paywall. This list sorts out the generous ones and says which need a plan. Use worksheets for practice after a skill is taught, not as the whole lesson, and keep sessions short. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/best-free-printables-and-worksheet-sites Good to know: Ad-supported printable sites can show ads that are not kid-friendly. Print the sheet yourself rather than letting kids browse. Many sites ask for an email to download. Use a separate email if you do not want marketing. AI-generated worksheets are common on marketplaces and can contain wrong answers. Check the answer key before you hand it over. Worksheets build practice, not understanding. Pair them with a real explanation or hands-on work. 1. [K5 Learning](https://www.k5learning.com/) (K5 Learning, Free worksheets; paid workbooks, ages 5-11). Thousands of free math, reading, grammar and science worksheets for K-5, neatly sorted by grade and skill, with answer keys. One of the most generous free libraries. 2. [Math-Drills](https://math-drills.com/) (Math-Drills, Free, ages 5-14). Over 50,000 free math worksheets, from counting to algebra, with answer keys. Great for timed fact practice and for kids who like to beat their own score. Watch for: Ad-supported; print sheets yourself rather than letting kids browse. 3. [WorksheetWorks](https://www.worksheetworks.com/) (WorksheetWorks, Free, ages 6-14). Make your own math, puzzle and geography worksheets with a generator. You get a new sheet each time, so siblings cannot copy answers and practice never runs out. 4. [Math Worksheets 4 Kids](https://www.mathworksheets4kids.com/) (Math Worksheets 4 Kids, Free samples; paid membership, ages 5-18). A huge library of math and English worksheets for K-12, sorted by topic. Many are free, and a membership removes download limits and ads. Strong on geometry and measurement. Watch for: Free pages have ads and download limits. 5. [Education.com](https://www.education.com/resources/worksheets/) (Education.com (IXL Learning), Limited free; paid plan, ages 3-14). Colorful worksheets for preschool to grade 8 in every subject, with games and lesson plans. A few are free each month; the rest need a paid plan. 6. [Twinkl](https://www.twinkl.com/resources) (Twinkl, Free account; paid plans, ages 3-14). A giant library of printables, games and slides made by teachers. A free account gets a good set, and full access needs a paid plan. 7. [Teachers Pay Teachers](https://www.teacherspayteachers.com/) (TPT, Many free; most paid, ages 3-18). A marketplace where teachers sell their own materials. Filter by 'free' and you will find thousands of good printables for every grade and subject. Read reviews before downloading. Watch for: Quality varies by seller. Check reviews. 8. [Super Teacher Worksheets](https://www.superteacherworksheets.com/) (Super Teacher Worksheets, Free section; paid membership, ages 5-12). Clear, well-made worksheets on every elementary subject, from phonics to fractions. A free section is open to all; the rest needs a low-cost membership. Its reading passages are strong. 9. [Crayola free coloring pages](https://www.crayola.com/free-coloring-pages) (Crayola, Free, ages 2-10). Hundreds of free coloring pages, from animals to holidays to letters, plus simple craft ideas. Easy to print for a rainy afternoon. Print a few before a long car trip or a restaurant wait. Watch for: Crayola products are promoted throughout the site. 10. [Mr Printables](https://www.mrprintables.com/) (Mr Printables, Free, ages 2-7). Clean, well-designed printables for preschoolers: alphabet cards, number games, mazes and seasonal activities. They look good enough to leave on the table. Most packs are free to download, with no account or sign-up needed. 11. [DLTK's Crafts for Kids](https://www.dltk-kids.com/) (DLTK, Free, ages 3-9). A huge, old-school site of printable crafts, coloring pages, templates and early learning sheets. If you need a paper craft for any theme, it is probably here. Watch for: Ad-heavy pages; print rather than browse. 12. [Worksheetfun](https://www.worksheetfun.com/) (Worksheetfun, Free, ages 3-6). Simple tracing, counting, alphabet and shape sheets for preschool and kindergarten. Plain and printer-friendly, good for practicing pencil grip. Print a stack for quiet time, waiting rooms or a car ride to grandma's. Watch for: Ad-supported; print sheets yourself before handing them over. 13. [This Reading Mama](https://thisreadingmama.com/) (This Reading Mama, Many free; some paid packs, ages 4-8). Phonics and early reading printables from a reading specialist, including decodable readers, word sorts and reading games for beginners. Many packs are free with an email sign-up, and the rest are low cost. 14. [Reach All Readers](https://reachallreaders.com/) (Anna Geiger (formerly The Measured Mom), Many free; paid membership, ages 4-8). Phonics and literacy printables grounded in how kids learn to read, from a former teacher. The site was formerly called The Measured Mom. Start with the free phonics games and short lesson ideas. 15. [The Math Learning Center](https://www.mathlearningcenter.org/) (The Math Learning Center (nonprofit), Free apps and resources, ages 5-12). Free math apps, like number frames, fraction tools and geoboards, plus printable activities from a respected nonprofit curriculum. The free apps let kids move blocks and counters on screen, then you can print the same activity for paper practice. 16. [Core Knowledge](https://www.coreknowledge.org/) (Core Knowledge Foundation, Free downloads, ages 4-14). Full free downloadable curricula for reading, history and science, PreK-8, with printable student pages. Great for building background knowledge in order. Best used in order, a little each week, rather than as random sheets. 17. [ReadWorks](https://www.readworks.org/) (ReadWorks (nonprofit), Free, ages 6-15). Printable reading passages with questions, sorted by grade and topic, with paired nonfiction sets that build knowledge. Free with an account. Many passages include audio, which helps kids who are still building fluency. 18. [RIF Literacy Central](https://www.rif.org/literacy-central) (Reading Is Fundamental, Free, ages 3-12). Free printables and activity sheets matched to popular children's books, from a long-running US literacy nonprofit. Pick a book your child already loves, then print the matching games, puzzles and discussion sheets to go with it. ### 21 best homeschool resources online Best of the web. Homeschooling in 2026 can cost almost nothing or a lot, depending on how much structure you want to buy. This list mixes free full curricula, low-cost programs, live classes, legal help and honest reviews. It also flags the worldview behind several popular free options, since many are faith-based. AI tutors are now built into some of these tools; they help with practice, but a parent still needs to check work and set the plan. Start with your state's law, pick one core for math and reading, and add the rest slowly. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/best-homeschool-resources-online Good to know: Homeschool rules differ by state and country. Check your own state's education department, not just an advocacy group. Several popular free curricula are faith-based. Read sample lessons before you commit. AI tutors can explain and quiz, but they can be wrong and they do not replace a plan. Live class platforms mean your child talks with adults you have not met. Sit in on the first class. Keep records of work and progress. Some states require them, and they help if you return to school. 1. [Khan Academy](https://www.khanacademy.org/) (Khan Academy (nonprofit), Free, ages 5-18). The backbone of many homeschool math plans: full courses from early math to calculus with practice and progress tracking. Also strong for science, grammar and test prep. 2. [Khan Academy Kids](https://www.khanacademy.org/kids) (Khan Academy, Free, ages 2-8). A free, ad-free early learning path for preschool to grade 2, with reading, math and social skills. It adapts to each child, so siblings can each use it at their own level. 3. [Easy Peasy All-in-One Homeschool](https://allinonehomeschool.com/) (Lee Giles, Free, ages 4-14). A complete free online curriculum with 180 daily lessons per grade in every subject, mostly using free online links. Popular with families who want a ready daily plan without buying books. Watch for: Written from a Christian worldview. Check the science and history units fit your family. 4. [AmblesideOnline](https://www.amblesideonline.org/) (AmblesideOnline (volunteers), Free plan; you buy or borrow books, ages 5-18). A free Charlotte Mason curriculum built around living books, nature study and narration. Its booklists by year are excellent even if you do not follow the whole method. Watch for: Christian in outlook; check the booklists fit your family. 5. [Core Knowledge](https://www.coreknowledge.org/) (Core Knowledge Foundation, Free downloads, ages 4-14). Free downloadable curricula for language arts, history and science, PreK-8, built to grow background knowledge in a clear order. Many schools use the same materials. 6. [CK-12](https://www.ck12.org/) (CK-12 Foundation, Free, ages 8-18). Free online textbooks, practice and simulations for math and science, with an AI tutor called Flexi that answers questions about each lesson. Strong for middle and high school. 7. [Oak National Academy](https://www.thenational.academy/) (Oak National Academy (UK), Free, ages 5-16). Thousands of free video lessons by real teachers, with quizzes and worksheets, sorted by year group. It gives you a ready daily structure for every subject. 8. [OER Project](https://www.oerproject.com/) (OER Project, Free, ages 11-18). Free world history and Big History courses for middle and high school, with readings, videos, activities and assessments. Rigorous and free of ads. Teachers built it, and it is easy to follow at home. 9. [Zearn](https://about.zearn.org/) (Zearn (nonprofit), Free for families, ages 5-14). Daily K-8 math lessons with short videos and digital practice, free for families. Simple to run at home, and it matches what many schools teach. 10. [Beast Academy](https://beastacademy.com/) (Art of Problem Solving, Paid (check current price), ages 6-13). A comic-book math program for kids who like puzzles and challenge, online or in print, from the team behind Art of Problem Solving. Great for math-loving kids. 11. [Math Mammoth](https://www.mathmammoth.com/) (Maria Miller, Paid, low cost, ages 6-13). Low-cost, clear math worktexts for grades 1-7, focused on understanding over tricks. Popular with budget-minded families who want a complete, printable program. Placement tests help you pick a level. 12. [Outschool](https://outschool.com/) (Outschool, Paid per class, ages 3-18). Live online classes from independent teachers on almost any subject, from coding to Minecraft history to Spanish. Good for electives, special interests and social time with other kids. Watch for: Teacher quality varies. Read reviews and watch for upsells to longer packages. 13. [Time4Learning](https://www.time4learning.com/) (Time4Learning, Paid monthly, ages 4-18). A complete online curriculum from PreK to grade 12 with automatic grading and record keeping. Easy for working parents who need the program to run itself. 14. [Cathy Duffy Reviews](https://cathyduffyreviews.com/) (Cathy Duffy, Free, ages Parents). Long-running, detailed reviews of hundreds of homeschool curricula, with notes on teaching style and worldview. Read here before you buy anything expensive. Reviews note teaching style, prep time and religious content. 15. [Read-Aloud Revival](https://readaloudrevival.com/) (Sarah Mackenzie, Free podcast and lists; paid membership, ages Parents). A podcast, booklists and guides for building a read-aloud habit at home, from Sarah Mackenzie. Especially strong on picking great books for each age. Good for families who read together. 16. [HSLDA](https://hslda.org/) (Home School Legal Defense Association, Free legal info; paid membership, ages Parents). The best-known source for homeschool laws by state, with summaries of what each state requires, plus a group finder for local co-ops. Membership adds legal help if a school district questions your plans. Watch for: An advocacy group with a conservative Christian outlook. Check your state's own education site too. 17. [Coalition for Responsible Home Education](https://responsiblehomeschooling.org/) (CRHE, Free, ages Parents). A child-focused nonprofit with research, state law summaries and practical guides on doing homeschool well, including keeping kids safe and connected. A good counterweight to purely parent-rights advice. 18. [Johns Hopkins Homeschool Hub](https://education.jhu.edu/edpolicy/policy-research-initiatives/homeschool-hub/) (Johns Hopkins Institute for Education Policy, Free, ages Parents). Independent research and data on homeschooling in the US: who does it, how fast it is growing and what the laws say in each state. 19. [1000 Hours Outside](https://www.1000hoursoutside.com/) (Ginny Yurich, Free trackers; paid extras, ages All ages). A challenge to spend 1,000 hours outdoors in a year, with free trackers and a podcast. A good counterweight to a school day that happens mostly on screens. 20. [Libby](https://libbyapp.com/) (OverDrive, Free with a library card, ages All ages). Your library's ebook and audiobook collection in one app. Most homeschool families lean on it heavily for read-alouds, novels and nonfiction. Add every library card you have to grow the collection. 21. [r/homeschool](https://www.reddit.com/r/homeschool/) (Reddit community, Free, ages Parents). A large, active forum where families compare curricula, schedules and problems. Good for honest reviews of programs from people who have used them. Search old threads before asking a new question. Watch for: Volunteer-moderated; advice varies widely between families. ### 20 best sites for STEM projects at home Best of the web. The best STEM learning at home looks like a mess on the kitchen table: cardboard, tape, baking soda and a kid asking why. These sites give you tested projects, the science behind them, and real citizen science your child can join. Two AI picks let kids train a simple model as an experiment, which teaches how AI learns better than any explainer. Most projects need only household materials. Paid build boxes are at the end for families who want everything delivered. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/best-sites-for-stem-projects-at-home Good to know: Supervise anything with heat, sharp tools, batteries or chemicals, even 'kid-safe' ones. Citizen science apps can share photo locations. Check the location settings before kids post. Viral 'experiments' on social media can be dangerous. Stick to sources that explain safety. Subscription boxes renew automatically. Set a reminder to review the plan. 1. [Science Buddies](https://www.sciencebuddies.org/) (Science Buddies (nonprofit), Free, ages 6-18). Over a thousand guided projects and experiments sorted by grade and interest, including AI and coding projects. The best place to find a science fair idea. Watch for: Some ads and kit links. 2. [Exploratorium Science Snacks](https://www.exploratorium.edu/snacks) (Exploratorium, Free, ages 6-16). Museum-tested experiments made with cheap materials like cups, magnets and string. Each one has a clear explanation of the science, so kids learn the idea and not just the trick. 3. [The Tinkering Studio](https://www.exploratorium.edu/tinkering) (Exploratorium, Free, ages 6-16). Open-ended build projects like chain reactions, marble machines and scribbling robots, from the Exploratorium. Great for kids who like to mess around and figure things out. 4. [NASA Learning Resources](https://www.nasa.gov/learning-resources/) (NASA, Free, ages 5-18). Hands-on space and engineering activities from NASA, from paper rockets and straw rockets to Mars rover design challenges. Sorted by grade, with clear materials lists. 5. [NASA Space Place](https://spaceplace.nasa.gov/) (NASA, Free, ages 6-12). Space crafts, games and experiments for younger kids, written by NASA scientists. Good for making a model of the solar system or a homemade sundial. 6. [PhET Interactive Simulations](https://phet.colorado.edu/) (University of Colorado Boulder, Free, ages 8-18). Virtual labs for physics, chemistry and math when a real experiment is too hard, too dangerous or too messy. Kids change one thing and see what happens. 7. [Design Squad](https://pbskids.org/videos/design-squad) (PBS KIDS / GBH, Free, ages 8-13). Engineering challenge videos from PBS KIDS that walk kids through designing, testing and fixing a build. Each one uses cheap, everyday materials. Many challenges take under an hour. 8. [TeachEngineering](https://www.teachengineering.org/) (University of Colorado Boulder and partners, Free, ages 5-18). Over a thousand free engineering lessons and hands-on activities written for teachers but easy to use at home. Search by grade and topic. Activities list time, cost and materials. 9. [Little Bins for Little Hands](https://littlebinsforlittlehands.com/) (Sarah McClelland, Many free; paid packs, ages 3-9). Simple science and STEM activities for preschool and early grades, like slime, volcanoes, ice melts and LEGO challenges. Quick to set up on a busy afternoon. 10. [Babble Dabble Do](https://babbledabbledo.com/) (Ana Dziengel, Free, ages 5-12). Art-meets-engineering projects from a designer, like spinning tops, paper circuits and marble mazes. The results look good enough to keep. Most projects use paper, tape and household items, so you can start today. 11. [Steve Spangler Science](https://www.stevespanglerscience.com/) (Steve Spangler, Free experiments; paid kits, ages 5-14). A library of free experiment instructions, from Mentos geysers to density towers, from a science teacher turned TV presenter. Kits are sold too. Most experiments use kitchen supplies. 12. [Zooniverse](https://www.zooniverse.org/) (Zooniverse, Free, ages 10-18). Real citizen science online: classify galaxies, count penguins or transcribe old ship logs for working researchers. Kids see their work help real science. Projects take minutes and need no science background. Watch for: Kids under 16 should join with a parent. Discussion boards are public. 13. [SciStarter](https://scistarter.org/) (SciStarter, Free, ages 8-18). A searchable directory of citizen science projects you can join from home, your backyard or a local park. Filter by age and topic. Many projects need only a phone and a walk. 14. [iNaturalist](https://www.inaturalist.org/) (California Academy of Sciences and National Geographic, Free, ages 13-18). Snap a photo of a plant or bug and AI suggests what it is, then human experts confirm. Teens help real biodiversity research and learn how AI and people work together. Watch for: Accounts are 13+. Younger kids can use the Seek app, which does not need an account. Photos may share location. 15. [micro:bit](https://microbit.org/) (Micro:bit Educational Foundation, Free projects; board costs extra, ages 8-16). A pocket-sized programmable board with lights, buttons and sensors. Free projects range from step counters to simple AI gesture models built with kids' own data. 16. [Learn.Genetics](https://learn.genetics.utah.edu/) (University of Utah, Free, ages 11-18). Interactive lessons from the University of Utah on DNA, cells, heredity and the brain, with virtual labs. Clear and well designed for middle and high school. 17. [Teachable Machine](https://teachablemachine.withgoogle.com/) (Google Creative Lab, Free, ages 8-18). Train an AI to recognize your hand signals, sounds or poses in the browser. It works as a home science experiment about how AI learns from examples. Watch for: Uses the webcam or microphone. 18. [Nature Lab](https://www.nature.org/en-us/about-us/who-we-are/how-we-work/youth-engagement/nature-lab/) (The Nature Conservancy, Free, ages 8-16). Free virtual field trips and lessons from The Nature Conservancy about nature and the science of conservation, with videos and activity guides. Each trip comes with a short guide for families. 19. [KiwiCo](https://www.kiwico.com/) (KiwiCo, Subscription, ages 0-16). Monthly project boxes with everything needed to build gadgets and experiments, sorted by age from babies to teens. No shopping for parts. Lines for older kids cover electronics and engineering. Watch for: Easy to forget the auto-renew. 20. [CrunchLabs](https://www.crunchlabs.com/) (Mark Rober, Subscription, ages 8-14). Mark Rober's build-box subscription: a toy to build each month with a video that explains the physics behind it. Fun for fans of his channel. ### 19 best cooking-with-kids resources Best of the web. Cooking is a sneaky learning lab: fractions, reading, chemistry, planning and patience, with a snack at the end. Kids who help cook are also more likely to try new foods. This list covers trusted recipe sites, guides to what kids can do at each age, food safety, kits, classes, cookbooks and shows. Start with a task that fits your child's age, like washing or stirring, and let them own one dish. No AI needed here, though an AI assistant can be a handy helper for scaling a recipe if you check its math. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/best-cooking-with-kids-resources Good to know: Teach knife and stove safety before handing them over, and stay in the kitchen. Check allergies with any class or recipe kit, including shared equipment. Raw flour and raw eggs carry germs. No tasting raw dough. AI recipe tools can invent unsafe steps or wrong amounts. Check temperatures and times with a trusted source. Subscription kits renew automatically. Groceries usually cost extra. 1. [America's Test Kitchen Kids recipes](https://www.americastestkitchen.com/collections/recipes-for-kids-families) (America's Test Kitchen, Some free; paid membership for full access, ages 6-14). Recipes tested by real kids, with clear steps, photos and a little kitchen science. These are the most reliable kid recipes online, and they work the first time. 2. [ATK Kids recipe videos](https://www.americastestkitchen.com/collections/kids-recipes-videos) (America's Test Kitchen, Some free; paid membership, ages 6-14). Step-by-step recipe videos for young cooks from America's Test Kitchen. Good for kids who learn by watching before they try it themselves. Watch one together, then make it. 3. [ChopChop Family](https://www.chopchopfamily.org/) (ChopChop (nonprofit), Free recipes; paid magazine, ages 5-12). A nonprofit food magazine and recipe site for kids and families, with cheap, healthy recipes and basic kitchen skills. Available in English and Spanish. Recipes list costs per serving. 4. [Kids Cook Monday: tasks by age](https://www.mondaycampaigns.org/kids-cook-monday/kitchen-tasks-for-different-age-groups) (The Monday Campaigns, Free, ages 2-14). A simple chart of which kitchen jobs fit which age, from washing vegetables at two to using the stove with help at ten. Print it and stick it on the fridge. 5. [Jamie Oliver's Ministry of Food: 10 skills](https://10skills.jamieoliver.com/usa) (Jamie Oliver, Free, ages 11-18). Ten core cooking skills with recipes for each, from knife work to cooking eggs and making a sauce. Good for teens learning to feed themselves. 6. [Raddish Kids](https://www.raddishkids.com/) (Raddish, Subscription, ages 4-14). A monthly kit with illustrated recipe cards, a real kitchen tool and skill lessons. A good gift for kids who love to cook and like getting mail. Watch for: Groceries are not included in the box. 7. [Raddish knife skills guide](https://www.raddishkids.com/blogs/kitchen-basics/knife-skills-101-a-parents-guide-to-teaching-kids-safe-cutting) (Raddish, Free, ages 4-14). A clear parent guide to teaching safe cutting, with the claw and bridge grips and tips on which knives fit which age. Read it before the first cutting lesson. 8. [Kids Cook Real Food](https://raisinghealthyfamilies.com/) (Katie Kimball / Raising Healthy Families, Paid course, ages 2-14). A video course that teaches kids real cooking skills step by step, sorted by age group, from a mom who started it with her own kids. 9. [Super Healthy Kids](https://www.superhealthykids.com/) (Super Healthy Kids, Free recipes; paid meal plans, ages 2-12). Family recipes, snack ideas and meal plans with tips for getting kids involved in shopping and cooking. Practical for weeknights. Recipes are simple and use common, inexpensive groceries. 10. [Kids Eat in Color](https://kidseatincolor.com/) (Jennifer Anderson, RD, Free tips; paid courses, ages 1-10). A dietitian's practical help with picky eating and getting kids to try new food. Pairs well with cooking together, since kids eat more of what they make. 11. [Fight BAC!](https://fightbac.org/) (Partnership for Food Safety Education, Free, ages 5-14). Kid-friendly food safety lessons on handwashing, cross-contamination and safe temperatures from a food safety nonprofit. Good to do before the first cooking day. Print a handwashing sign for the sink. 12. [4-H Healthy Living](https://4-h.org/programs/healthy-living/) (National 4-H Council, Free or low cost; varies by county, ages 5-18). Cooking and nutrition clubs and projects run by local 4-H groups, often with hands-on classes and county fair challenges. Find your county office online and ask about cooking clubs and summer classes. 13. [KidsGardening](https://kidsgardening.org/) (KidsGardening (nonprofit), Free, ages 4-14). Grow what you cook. Lesson plans, garden ideas and grants for families and schools from a longtime nonprofit. Kids who grow a vegetable are more likely to taste it, so start with radishes, lettuce or herbs in a pot. 14. [Sur La Table cooking classes](https://www.surlatable.com/cooking-classes/) (Sur La Table, Paid per class, ages 8-17). In-person and online cooking classes, including kids' and teen series at many stores, especially in summer. Kids learn from a real chef. Class lists show ages and prices by store. 15. [Outschool cooking classes](https://outschool.com/) (Outschool, Paid per class, ages 5-18). Live online cooking classes where kids cook along with a teacher from their own kitchen. Search 'cooking' and filter by age. Check each class's supply list before signing up. Watch for: Check what equipment and adult help each class needs. 16. [The ChopChop Family Cookbook](https://www.schoollibraryjournal.com/review/the-chopchop-family-cookbook-real-food-to-cook-and-eat-together) (Sally Sampson (review in School Library Journal), Book, ages 6-12). A family cookbook of simple, healthy recipes made for cooking together, from the ChopChop team. This link is the School Library Journal review. Look for it at your public library first. 17. [Food Network Magazine: The Big, Fun Kids Cookbook](https://www.publishersweekly.com/9781950785049) (Food Network Magazine (Publishers Weekly listing), Book, ages 8-14). A bright, photo-filled cookbook with 150 kid-tested recipes and fun food facts. A good first cookbook for a kid who likes to flip pages and pick. 18. [Waffles + Mochi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waffles_%2B_Mochi) (Higher Ground (show info on Wikipedia), Streaming (check current platform), ages 4-9). A puppet cooking show where two friends travel the world learning about ingredients, made with the Obamas' Higher Ground. Gets picky eaters curious. Cook one dish from each episode. 19. [Kids Baking Championship](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kids_Baking_Championship) (Food Network (show info on Wikipedia), Cable or streaming, ages 8-14). Kid bakers compete on TV, and the judges are kind and encouraging. It inspires kids to try harder recipes and learn from mistakes. Bake along with a simple recipe afterward. ### 20 best DIY and maker sites for kids Best of the web. Making things is how a lot of kids fall in love with learning. A cardboard marble run teaches more physics than a worksheet, and a blinking-light circuit is a first step into engineering. This list runs from easy paper crafts for preschoolers to electronics and 3D design for teens. A few now use AI, like DIY.org, which lets kids describe a game and have AI help build it. That can be magic, but kids learn more when they also build things by hand. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/best-diy-and-maker-sites-for-kids Good to know: Hot glue, soldering irons and craft knives need an adult nearby. Lithium batteries in electronics projects can catch fire if shorted or punctured. Store and charge them safely. Public project sites have comments from strangers. Check privacy before kids share. AI game builders do much of the work. Ask kids to change the code or art themselves too. 1. [Instructables](https://www.instructables.com/) (Autodesk, Free, ages 10-18). Hundreds of thousands of step-by-step projects from makers worldwide: cardboard, electronics, sewing, woodwork and more. If your kid wants to build it, someone has written it up. Watch for: User-made; quality and safety vary. Public comments. 2. [Make: and Maker Camp](https://makercamp.make.co/) (Make: Community, Free camp; paid magazine, ages 8-18). Make magazine's community and its free Maker Camp projects for kids, with build guides and videos for every skill level. Projects run from cardboard to code, and adults can help as needed. 3. [Maker Ed](https://makered.org/) (Maker Education Initiative, Free, ages 5-18). Resources and guides for hands-on making from a nonprofit, written for educators and easy for parents to use at home. Its guides on setting up a home maker space are especially practical. 4. [The Tinkering Studio](https://www.exploratorium.edu/tinkering) (Exploratorium, Free, ages 6-16). Open-ended projects like light play, cardboard automata and chain reactions, with tips for helping without taking over. Most activities use cheap, everyday materials and suit a range of ages working side by side. 5. [Tinkercad](https://www.tinkercad.com/) (Autodesk, Free, ages 8-18). Free 3D design and circuit simulation in the browser. Kids design parts and toys, then 3D print them at a library or school makerspace. Libraries often print for free. Watch for: Under-13s need a parent or teacher account. 6. [Adafruit Learning System](https://learn.adafruit.com/) (Adafruit, Free guides; parts cost extra, ages 11-18). Thousands of electronics guides, from blinking lights to wearable projects, each with code, wiring diagrams and parts lists. Start with a beginner kit and one guide, and build up skills step by step from there. 7. [SparkFun Learn](https://learn.sparkfun.com/) (SparkFun Electronics, Free guides; parts cost extra, ages 12-18). Clear tutorials on soldering, circuits, sensors and microcontrollers for beginners, from an electronics company that sells the parts. Good for teens ready for real hardware, with clear photos for each step of every build. 8. [Arduino Education](https://www.arduino.cc/education/) (Arduino, Free lessons; kits cost extra, ages 12-18). Kits and lessons for building gadgets with sensors and motors. A step up for teens who have outgrown block coding. Many libraries lend starter kits, so ask before you buy one yourself. 9. [Raspberry Pi Projects](https://projects.raspberrypi.org/en) (Raspberry Pi Foundation, Free, ages 7-18). Free guided projects in Scratch, Python, electronics and AI from a nonprofit, with many that need no hardware at all. Projects list time, skills and age, so it is easy to pick one. 10. [micro:bit](https://microbit.org/) (Micro:bit Educational Foundation, Free projects; board costs extra, ages 8-16). A small programmable board with lights and sensors, plus free projects for gadgets, games and simple AI models. The board is cheap, rugged and easy for kids to carry around and test. 11. [Red Ted Art](https://www.redtedart.com/) (Maggy Woodley, Free, ages 3-12). Easy crafts from paper, toilet rolls and household bits, sorted by season and theme. Great for preschool and early grade school. Many projects have short videos for kids to follow on their own. 12. [Babble Dabble Do](https://babbledabbledo.com/) (Ana Dziengel, Free, ages 5-12). Art and engineering projects from a designer that look good and teach design thinking, like paper circuits and spinning tops. Many projects work for a mix of ages working together at one table. 13. [TinkerLab](https://tinkerlab.com/) (Rachelle Doorley, Free; paid extras, ages 3-10). Art experiments and invention activities for young makers, focused on the process of trying things rather than a perfect result. Good for preschoolers and early grades who love mixing colors and mess. 14. [Crayola crafts](https://www.crayola.com/crafts) (Crayola, Free, ages 3-10). Hundreds of simple craft ideas using common supplies, sorted by age and theme. Quick ideas for a slow afternoon. Most projects use supplies you already have, like paper plates and markers. Watch for: Crayola products are promoted throughout the site. 15. [LEGO.com for kids](https://kids.lego.com/en-us) (The LEGO Group, Free, ages 4-12). Building ideas, videos and games from LEGO. A safe place for LEGO fans to find new challenges for the bricks they already have. The building challenges are free and easy to start. Watch for: It is a brand site. Expect product promotion. 16. [Design Squad](https://pbskids.org/videos/design-squad) (PBS KIDS / GBH, Free, ages 8-13). Engineering design challenges from PBS KIDS with cheap materials, like building a paper bridge or a balloon-powered car. Each video shows real kids testing, failing and fixing their designs. 17. [Hack Club](https://hackclub.com/) (Hack Club (nonprofit), Free, ages 13-18). A global nonprofit community of teen coders and makers with free hardware grants, clubs and hackathons. Teens build real projects with peers. Clubs often meet in high schools. Watch for: Community chat on Slack. Teens only; talk about online safety. 18. [Coolest Projects](https://online.coolestprojects.org/) (Raspberry Pi Foundation, Free, ages 7-18). A free online showcase where young makers share what they built and get feedback, run by the Raspberry Pi Foundation. Kids can enter anything from a Scratch game to a robot or a website, at any skill level. 19. [DIY.org](https://www.diy.org/) (DIY.org, Free; paid lessons, ages 7-14). Once a skills-badge site, now a place where kids describe a game and AI helps build it, plus a kid AI chat called ChatDino. A real look at AI-assisted making. Watch for: Kids publish games to a public arcade. Try it with your child and check the chat and sharing settings. 20. [KiwiCo](https://www.kiwico.com/) (KiwiCo, Subscription, ages 0-16). Monthly build kits that come with every part you need, sorted by age. No hunting for supplies. Lines range from toddler play to electronics and engineering for teens. ### 23 best free sites for kids to learn coding Best of the web. Even with AI that can write code, learning to code still teaches kids how to break a problem down, test ideas and fix mistakes. And kids who understand code are better at checking what AI gives them. Every pick here is free or has a generous free path. Start with picture blocks (ScratchJr, Scratch, Code.org) and move to typed code around age 10-12. Two picks let kids build with AI, which is the most useful skill of 2026: not asking AI to do it, but understanding how it works. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/best-free-sites-for-kids-to-learn-coding Good to know: Google's CS First closed on June 30, 2025, and its data was deleted. Trinket has also shut down. Old lesson plans still link to both. Google retired the Grasshopper app in 2023. Its site no longer loads. Community coding sites let strangers comment. Set expectations about what to share. AI coding helpers can write the whole project. Agree when kids may use them and ask them to explain each part. 1. [Scratch](https://scratch.mit.edu/) (MIT / Scratch Foundation, Free, ages 8-16). The standard first coding tool: snap blocks together to make games, stories and animations. Its huge community means endless projects to remix and learn from. Watch for: Public sharing and comments. Read the parents page together. 2. [ScratchJr](https://www.scratchjr.org/) (MIT / Tufts DevTech, Free, ages 5-7). Picture-block coding on tablets for kids who are just learning to read. No accounts, no sharing and no ads. Best with a parent nearby at first. 3. [Code.org](https://code.org/) (Code.org (nonprofit), Free, ages 4-18). Full free courses from kindergarten to high school, plus AI units like AI for Oceans, where kids train a model to sort fish from trash. Easy to use at home. 4. [Hour of AI](https://hourofai.org/en-US) (Code.org and partners, Free, ages 5-18). The successor to the Hour of Code: one-hour activities on coding and AI for every age, from many partners. A good, low-stakes place to start. 5. [Code Club](https://codeclub.org/en/) (Raspberry Pi Foundation, Free, ages 9-13). Free coding clubs run by volunteers in schools and libraries worldwide, with free projects to follow at home. Ask your library if it hosts one. 6. [Experience CS](https://experience-cs.org/) (Raspberry Pi Foundation, Free, ages 8-14). A free Scratch-based curriculum for grades 3-8 that mixes coding into math, science and art. Google points former CS First users here. Lessons are teacher-led but easy to run at home. 7. [Raspberry Pi Projects](https://projects.raspberrypi.org/en) (Raspberry Pi Foundation, Free, ages 7-18). Step-by-step projects in Scratch, Python, HTML and AI from a nonprofit. Many need only a browser, so no hardware is required. Each lists time and skill level. 8. [Blockly Games](https://blockly.games/) (Google, Free, ages 8-14). Puzzle games from Google that teach coding ideas with blocks, then show the JavaScript underneath. There is no account and no ads. Good for kids moving beyond Scratch. 9. [Microsoft MakeCode](https://makecode.com/) (Microsoft, Free, ages 8-16). Block and text coding for micro:bit, Minecraft Education and retro arcade games. Kids can make a playable game in about an hour. Works in any browser with no install. 10. [Snap!](https://snap.berkeley.edu/) (UC Berkeley, Free, ages 11-18). Scratch's grown-up cousin, used in college intro courses at Berkeley. A great next step for kids who have mastered Scratch. Its online manual and free courses help self-taught kids move on to bigger ideas. 11. [MIT App Inventor](https://appinventor.mit.edu/) (MIT, Free, ages 10-18). Build real phone apps with blocks, and test them on your own phone right away. Kids love having an app they made themselves. Free tutorials walk through every step. 12. [Swift Playground](https://developer.apple.com/swift-playground/) (Apple, Free, ages 10-18). Puzzles that teach Swift, Apple's real programming language, on iPad and Mac. Kids can go on to build an actual app. It is free on iPad and Mac, and the lessons build in a clear order. 13. [Khan Academy Computing](https://www.khanacademy.org/computing) (Khan Academy, Free, ages 11-18). Free courses in JavaScript drawing, web pages, SQL and AP Computer Science Principles, with instant feedback on code. Good for middle schoolers ready to type real code. 14. [CS Unplugged](https://www.csunplugged.org/en/) (University of Canterbury, Free, ages 5-14). Computer science ideas taught with cards, string and games, no computer needed. Great for younger kids and for family game nights. Activities come with printable cards. 15. [Lightbot](https://lightbot.com/) (Lightbot, Free version; paid full game, ages 6-12). A puzzle game about commands, loops and functions. Free Hour of Code versions run in the browser, and the full game is a small purchase. 16. [CodeCombat](https://codecombat.com/) (CodeCombat, Free levels; paid premium, ages 9-16). A fantasy game where kids type real Python or JavaScript to move their hero through levels. The free levels teach a lot. Many schools use its classroom version. 17. [Tynker](https://www.tynker.com/) (Tynker, Free starter; paid plans, ages 6-14). Block and Python courses with game design and Minecraft mods. Some starter lessons are free; the full courses are paid. Try the free lessons before paying. Watch for: Upsells to paid plans are frequent. 18. [futurecoder](https://futurecoder.io/) (futurecoder (open source), Free, ages 12-18). A free, open-source Python course for complete beginners, with hints, a built-in debugger and no ads. It runs in the browser, so there is nothing to install, and it works on school laptops. 19. [freeCodeCamp](https://www.freecodecamp.org/) (freeCodeCamp (nonprofit), Free, ages 13-18). Thousands of hours of free web development, Python and data courses with certificates, from a nonprofit. It is aimed at adults, so it suits motivated older teens who can work through lessons on their own. Watch for: Aimed at adults; check the current terms for minors. 20. [The Odin Project](https://www.theodinproject.com/) (The Odin Project (open source), Free, ages 15-18). A free, open-source, project-based path to full-stack web development. For motivated older teens who want a real challenge. Teens build real projects and a portfolio as they go, with an active help forum. 21. [CS50x](https://cs50.harvard.edu/x/) (Harvard University, Free; optional paid certificate, ages 15-18). Harvard's famous intro to computer science, free online with lectures and problem sets. Hard, but extremely well taught. Lectures and problem sets are free, with a paid certificate as an option. 22. [Machine Learning for Kids](https://machinelearningforkids.co.uk/) (Dale Lane, Free, ages 9-16). Kids train AI models and use them in Scratch projects. The best free way to code with AI, not just use it. Projects come with step-by-step worksheets. Watch for: A parent or teacher sets it up. 23. [Girls Who Code Clubs](https://girlswhocode.com/) (Girls Who Code (nonprofit), Free, ages 8-18). Free clubs and programs that teach coding with a supportive community of peers, run by a national nonprofit. Clubs meet in schools, libraries and online, and many are run by volunteers. ### 19 best newsletters and blogs for parents about learning and tech Best of the web. A few good newsletters beat a hundred scary headlines. These writers read the research, test the tools and explain what matters for kids, from screen time and phones to AI tutors and homework. We mixed voices on purpose: some are worried about tech, some are excited about AI, and most are somewhere in between. Pick two or three, and when they disagree, that is a sign the evidence is still open. Most are free with optional paid tiers. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/best-newsletters-and-blogs-for-parents-learning-and-tech Good to know: One study rarely settles anything. Look for writers who explain how strong the evidence is. Newsletters with paid tiers may hold back key posts. You can get a lot from free posts. Some voices sell courses or products. That does not make them wrong, but notice it. AI advice dates fast. Check the date on anything about a specific AI tool. 1. [ParentData](https://parentdata.org/) (Emily Oster, Free; paid tier, ages Parents). An economist reads the research on parenting questions, from screen time to sleep to school, and explains what the data does and does not say. 2. [Techno Sapiens](https://technosapiens.substack.com/) (Jacqueline Nesi, PhD, Free; paid tier, ages Parents). A psychologist who studies teens and technology writes short, balanced posts on phones, social media and AI, with practical tips. Posts are short enough for a busy week. 3. [Parenting Translator](https://parentingtranslator.substack.com/) (Cara Goodwin, PhD, Free; paid tier, ages Parents). A child psychologist turns new research into plain advice, and calls out headlines that overstate what a study found. Good for parents who want the study, not the spin. 4. [One Useful Thing](https://www.oneusefulthing.org/) (Ethan Mollick, Free, ages Parents). A Wharton professor's clear, hands-on posts about what AI can do right now, including what it means for school and homework. Read it to see what AI tools can really do. 5. [After Babel](https://www.afterbabel.com/) (Jonathan Haidt and Zach Rausch, Free; paid tier, ages Parents). Research and essays on phones, social media and kids' mental health from Jonathan Haidt, author of The Anxious Generation, and his team. Pair it with other researchers' views. Watch for: Takes a strong position. Read alongside other researchers who disagree. 6. [Common Sense Media articles](https://www.commonsensemedia.org/articles) (Common Sense Media, Free, ages Parents). Practical guides on parenting, tech and AI, plus age-based reviews of apps, shows and games, from a nonprofit. Search by your child's age and the app or show they are asking about. 7. [Common Sense AI risk assessments](https://institute.commonsensemedia.org/risk-assessments) (Common Sense Media, Free, ages Parents). Independent safety ratings of AI products kids use, like chatbots and AI companions. Check here before saying yes to a new AI app. Ratings are updated as products change. 8. [Children and Screens](https://www.childrenandscreens.org/) (Institute of Digital Media and Child Development, Free, ages Parents). Free webinars and research summaries from scientists on kids, media and AI, from a nonprofit research institute. Its Ask the Experts webinars are free to join live or watch later. 9. [Screenagers blog (Tech Talk Tuesdays)](https://www.screenagersmovie.com/blog) (Delaney Ruston, MD, Free, ages Parents). Weekly posts from a physician and filmmaker, each with a conversation starter about tech to use at the dinner table. Good for families of tweens and teens. 10. [KQED MindShift](https://www.kqed.org/mindshift) (KQED, Free, ages Parents). Public media reporting on how kids learn, with plenty on AI in classrooms and what research says works. It also has a podcast and a weekly email. 11. [Proof Points](https://hechingerreport.org/proofpoints/) (Jill Barshay, The Hechinger Report, Free, ages Parents). A weekly column on education research, including ed tech and AI tutoring studies. Careful about how strong the evidence really is. Read it before buying an AI learning product. 12. [Minding the Gap](https://nataliewexler.substack.com/) (Natalie Wexler, Free; paid tier, ages Parents). Why background knowledge matters for reading, and what that means for schools, curriculum and AI tools. Good for parents of early and struggling readers who want to understand the debate. 13. [Play Makes Us Human](https://petergray.substack.com/) (Peter Gray, Free; paid tier, ages Parents). A psychologist argues for free play and self-directed learning. A useful balance to tech-heavy and test-heavy advice. Good for families weighing structured activities against free time outdoors. 14. [Your Parenting Mojo](https://yourparentingmojo.com/) (Jen Lumanlan, Free; paid courses, ages Parents). A research-based podcast and blog about parenting, often on learning, behavior and how kids develop. Each episode reviews studies and shares what the host tried with her own child. 15. [Dr. Lisa Damour](https://drlisadamour.com/) (Lisa Damour, PhD, Free, ages Parents of teens). A psychologist's practical writing and podcast on teens, stress and emotions, with steady, calm advice. Her podcast Ask Lisa takes real questions from parents about teens, stress and phones. 16. [Daniel Willingham's blog](https://www.danielwillingham.com/) (Daniel Willingham, Free, ages Parents). A cognitive scientist explains how kids learn and which popular education claims hold up to evidence. Good for testing claims about learning styles, brain games and ed tech. 17. [Edutopia](https://www.edutopia.org/) (George Lucas Educational Foundation, Free, ages Parents). Teacher-written ideas on learning, motivation and classroom tech, many easy to use at home. Short videos show real classrooms, and many ideas carry over well to homework time and family projects. 18. [The 74](https://www.the74million.org/) (The 74, Free, ages Parents). Nonprofit education news with steady, detailed coverage of AI in schools and kids' learning. Its free newsletter rounds up the week's education news, including policy changes on AI in schools. 19. [AI for Education](https://www.aiforeducation.io/) (AI for Education, Free; paid training, ages Parents). Practical guides, prompts and policies for using AI in school, written for teachers but handy for parents who want to know what class looks like. ### 20 best summer learning ideas and programs Best of the web. Summer should feel like a break, but a little reading and math keeps kids from losing ground, and a big project can be the best learning of the year. This list mixes free programs (library reading, national parks, museums), short daily habits, one fun AI project and paid camps for families who want them. A good summer plan is light: read every day, do math a few times a week, get outside a lot, and finish one thing your child is proud of. Planning for summer 2027 starts in spring. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/best-summer-learning-ideas-and-programs Good to know: Camp and program sign-ups often open in January or February and fill fast. Reading logs with prizes work for some kids and kill the joy for others. Watch how your child reacts. Online summer camps collect data like any app. Read the privacy policy. Keep some days with nothing planned. Boredom drives creativity. 1. [Your public library's summer reading program](https://www.cslpreads.org/) (Collaborative Summer Library Program and local libraries, Free, ages 0-18). Most US libraries run free summer reading with prizes, events and logs. Many use the shared CSLP theme; 2027's is 'Mysteries Await at Your Library'. Sign up the first week school is out. 2. [Beanstack](https://www.beanstack.com/) (Zoobean, Free through libraries and schools, ages 4-18). The app many libraries and schools use to log summer reading minutes and earn badges. Check if your library uses it before you start a paper log. 3. [BOOK IT! Summer of Stories](https://www.bookitprogram.com/) (Pizza Hut, Free, ages 4-12). The long-running BOOK IT! reading program runs a summer version in June, July and August. Families set simple reading goals and kids earn small rewards. Watch for: The reward is pizza. Fine for some families, not for others. 4. [PBS KIDS Summer of Adventure](https://www.pbs.org/parents/summer) (PBS KIDS for Parents, Free, ages 3-8). Weekly summer themes with games, printables, crafts and activities tied to PBS KIDS shows. An easy structure for younger kids. No sign-up is needed to start. 5. [Discover Summer](https://www.summerlearning.org/discover-summer/) (National Summer Learning Association, Free, ages Parents). Ideas, family resources and research on keeping kids learning over the summer, from the National Summer Learning Association. Use it to find local programs and free ideas. 6. [National Park Junior Ranger](https://www.nps.gov/kids/become-a-junior-ranger.htm) (National Park Service, Free, ages 5-13). Kids complete an activity book at a park and earn a badge and pledge. Many parks also have online and take-home versions. Ask at any visitor center. 7. [National Park free entrance days](https://nps.gov/planyourvisit/passes.htm) (National Park Service, Free on listed days, ages All ages). A few days each year when every national park is free to enter. Plan a summer trip around one and add a Junior Ranger book. 8. [Blue Star Museums](https://www.arts.gov/initiatives/blue-star-museums) (National Endowment for the Arts, Free for eligible families, ages All ages). Free museum admission for active-duty military families at participating museums from Armed Forces Day to Labor Day. The list of museums is posted each spring, and it covers all 50 states. 9. [Museums on Us](https://about.bankofamerica.com/en/making-an-impact/arts-and-culture) (Bank of America, Free for cardholders, ages All ages). Bank of America cardholders get one free general admission at participating museums on the first full weekend of each month. Check the partner map before you go. 10. [Maker Camp](https://makercamp.make.co/) (Make: Community, Free, ages 8-16). A free, self-paced summer of build projects from Make magazine, with guides for every skill level. Pick one project a week and finish it, then show it off to family at the end of summer. 11. [Science Buddies summer projects](https://www.sciencebuddies.org/) (Science Buddies, Free, ages 8-18). Pick one long project, like a plant growth test or a simple AI model, and finish it by August. Science Buddies has guides for hundreds. 12. [Teachable Machine summer project](https://teachablemachine.withgoogle.com/) (Google Creative Lab, Free, ages 8-16). A one-afternoon AI project: train a model to sort your family's recycling or recognize the dog, then talk about where it fails and why. No account or install is needed. Watch for: Uses the webcam; delete the samples when done. 13. [Zearn summer math](https://about.zearn.org/) (Zearn, Free, ages 5-14). Short daily math lessons, free for families. Fifteen minutes a few days a week keeps skills from sliding over the break. Kids pick up where they left off. 14. [Khan Academy summer review](https://www.khanacademy.org/) (Khan Academy, Free, ages 7-18). Use the course challenge to find gaps from last year, then practice a little each week. It is free and tracks progress. Ten minutes a day is enough. 15. [Camp Invention](https://www.invent.org/programs/camp-invention) (National Inventors Hall of Fame, Paid; varies by site, ages 5-14). A week-long STEM day camp at local schools, built around invention and design challenges. Sites and prices vary. Check for scholarships and early-bird pricing when you register. 16. [iD Tech](https://www.idtech.com/) (iD Tech, Paid, ages 7-19). Summer tech camps on college campuses and online, covering coding, game design, robotics and AI. Online options cost less than overnight camps, and many sessions run only one week. Watch for: Expensive. Compare with library and community college programs. 17. [4-H](https://4-h.org/) (National 4-H Council, Free or low cost, ages 5-18). Local clubs and summer camps for science, animals, cooking, robotics and leadership, run through county extension offices. Clubs welcome kids who live in cities, not just on farms, and many offer free day camps. 18. [Boys & Girls Clubs of America](https://www.bgca.org/) (BGCA, Low cost; varies by club, ages 6-18). Low-cost summer programs with homework help, STEM, arts and sports at local clubs across the US. Many clubs offer free summer meals, too, and the staff are trained in youth work. 19. [1000 Hours Outside](https://www.1000hoursoutside.com/) (Ginny Yurich, Free trackers, ages All ages). Summer is the season to log outdoor hours. Free tracker sheets turn time outside into a family game. Count bike rides, walks and backyard play, not just big trips. 20. [Let Grow Project](https://letgrow.org/program/the-let-grow-project/) (Let Grow, Free, ages 5-14). Kids pick something new to do on their own, like walking to a friend's house or making lunch. It builds independence and confidence. Many schools assign it. ### 19 best apps for preschoolers (2026) Best of the web. For kids two to five, the best app is often the one you use together, for a short time, then put away. Good preschool apps are slow, have no ads, do not push kids to buy things, and invite talking and pretending. This list puts the free, ad-free options first (Khan Academy Kids, PBS KIDS, Sesame Street, Duolingo ABC), then calm paid apps worth a subscription. We left out apps built on loot-box style rewards. No AI chatbots belong in this age group yet. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/best-apps-for-preschoolers-2026 Good to know: The American Academy of Pediatrics suggests limited, high-quality screen time for ages 2-5, ideally watched or played together. Free trials auto-renew. Set a reminder the day you start one. Watch for 'dark patterns': timers that push one more game, or characters that get sad when kids stop. Do not give preschoolers AI chatbots or AI companion toys. They cannot yet tell a machine from a friend. Turn on Ask to Buy or purchase approval on every device. 1. [Khan Academy Kids](https://www.khanacademy.org/kids) (Khan Academy, Free, ages 2-8). Our top pick: a full early learning path with reading, math and feelings, with no ads and no in-app purchases. It adapts to your child. 2. [PBS KIDS Games](https://pbskids.org/apps/play-pbs-kids-games) (PBS KIDS, Free, ages 2-8). Hundreds of games with familiar PBS characters, each tied to a skill. Free, no ads, and many games work offline on trips. Our pick for car rides. 3. [PBS KIDS Video](https://pbskids.org/apps/pbs-kids-video) (PBS KIDS, Free, ages 2-8). Free episodes of research-backed shows like Daniel Tiger, Wild Kratts and Sesame Street, with no ads to kids. There is a live stream, too, if your child wants to watch along with the broadcast. 4. [Sesame Street app](https://sesameworkshop.org/resources/sesame-street-app/) (Sesame Workshop, Free, ages 2-5). Videos, games and storybooks from Sesame Street in one app, from the team that wrote the book on kids' TV research. There are no ads aimed at kids. 5. [Duolingo ABC](https://www.duolingo.com/abc) (Duolingo, Free, ages 3-7). Short, playful lessons on letters, sounds and early reading from Duolingo. Free and without ads. Lessons take only a few minutes, so it fits a short screen-time window before or after school. 6. [Pok Pok](https://playpokpok.com/) (Pok Pok, Subscription; free trial, ages 2-8). A calm, Montessori-inspired digital playroom with no levels, scores or ads. Kids explore, build and pretend at their own pace. New toys are added to the playroom regularly. Watch for: The subscription auto-renews after the free trial. 7. [Sago Mini World](https://sagomini.com/) (Sago Mini, Subscription, ages 2-5). Open-ended pretend play worlds with gentle characters. Great for creativity and storytelling rather than academics. There is no reading needed and no scores or timers, so toddlers can play freely. 8. [Montessori Preschool](https://edokiclub.com/) (Edoki Academy, Subscription, ages 3-7). Montessori-style lessons for letters, numbers, shapes, colors and music, with a parent dashboard to see progress. It adapts to each child's level, and lessons are short enough for small attention spans. 9. [Endless Alphabet and the Endless series](https://www.originatorkids.com/) (Originator, Free trial; paid unlocks, ages 2-6). Cute monsters make letters and words fun. Endless Alphabet is the classic first word app, and Endless Reader covers sight words. No scores or timers. 10. [HOMER](https://www.learnwithhomer.com/) (HOMER, Subscription, ages 2-8). A structured phonics and early reading program with research behind it, plus math and social skills. Short daily lessons fit a toddler's attention span and adapt to what your child already knows. 11. [Thinkrolls](https://www.avokiddo.com/) (Avokiddo, Paid app, ages 3-8). Physics and logic puzzles where kids roll characters through mazes and figure out what floats, melts or bounces. Puzzles get harder slowly, so kids keep trying instead of giving up. 12. [StoryToys apps](https://storytoys.com/) (StoryToys, Mixed; subscriptions and paid apps, ages 2-7). Licensed play apps like LEGO DUPLO and Peppa Pig, plus interactive storybooks, from an Irish studio. Most apps are a one-time purchase or part of a subscription with many brands in one place. Watch for: Some apps push upgrades and add-on packs. 13. [Teach Your Monster to Read](https://www.teachyourmonster.org/) (Teach Your Monster (nonprofit), Free on the web, ages 3-6). Phonics games built with reading experts. Free on the web; the app costs a small fee on some devices. Built with a UK children's charity. 14. [Starfall](https://www.starfall.com/h/) (Starfall Education Foundation, Free core; paid membership, ages 3-7). Simple phonics songs and stories, a classic for pre-K and kindergarten. Much of it is free in the browser. No ads to kids on the free part. 15. [ScratchJr](https://www.scratchjr.org/) (MIT / Tufts DevTech, Free, ages 5-7). First coding with picture blocks, from MIT and Tufts. Best for five-year-olds and up, with a parent nearby. Kids make simple stories and games with no reading needed to get started. 16. [Kiddopia](https://kiddopia.com/) (Paper Boat Apps, Subscription; 7-day free trial, ages 2-7). Over a thousand games across letters, math, art and social skills. The maker says it has no ads and no in-app purchases. Parental controls set time limits. Watch for: Easy to forget the trial ends. 17. [Lingokids](https://lingokids.com/) (Lingokids, Free tier; subscription, ages 2-8). Songs and games teaching English and early skills, popular worldwide. The free tier is limited. Good for families learning English together, with short games that suit a few minutes a day. Watch for: Frequent prompts to upgrade to a paid plan. 18. [Tinybop](https://tinybop.com/) (Tinybop, Paid apps, ages 4-9). Beautiful explorable science apps about the human body, plants, weather and simple machines. Each app is a one-time purchase with no ads, and they work well for curious kids who love to poke around. 19. [YouTube Kids](https://www.youtubekids.com/) (Google, Free, ages 2-12). A filtered version of YouTube for kids under 13. Use 'approved content only' mode so you pick every channel. Set it up with a parent profile first. Watch for: Filtered, not curated. Odd and AI-made videos still slip in; turn off search and autoplay. ### 23 best museum and virtual field trip sites Best of the web. You can visit the Louvre, Mars and a Monterey kelp forest in one afternoon without leaving home. Virtual field trips are not the same as standing in front of a real dinosaur, but they are a great way to spark interest, prepare for a real visit, or explore places you will never get to. This list covers art museums, science and history museums, live animal cams, national parks and space. Pick one, watch it together, and ask your child to show you their favorite thing. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/best-museum-and-virtual-field-trip-sites Good to know: Live animal cams show real nature, including hunting. Preview if your child is sensitive. Some history sites cover war and genocide. They are important, but watch them together. 'Free' corporate field trips often carry a sponsor's message. Talk about who made it and why. Sites that ask for your location do not need it. You can usually type a city instead. 1. [Google Arts & Culture](https://artsandculture.google.com/) (Google, Free, ages 6-18). Virtual tours and zoomable art from thousands of museums, plus Street View walks through famous buildings. The biggest free virtual field trip library online. Try it on a big screen. 2. [Louvre online tours](https://www.louvre.fr/en/online-tours) (Musée du Louvre, Free, ages 8-18). Virtual walks through Louvre galleries, plus its online collection of every artwork in the museum. A good warm-up before a real trip. Start with the Egyptian galleries. 3. [Anne Frank House: the Secret Annex](https://www.annefrank.org/en/anne-frank/secret-annex/) (Anne Frank House, Free, ages 11-18). A careful virtual tour of the rooms where Anne Frank and her family hid, with her story told in short pieces. Best for tweens and teens with a parent nearby. Watch for: A heavy subject; preview it before watching together. 4. [Rijksmuseum collection](https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/collection) (Rijksmuseum, Free, ages 8-18). Explore Dutch masterpieces in very high resolution, like Rembrandt's Night Watch, and zoom in to see brushstrokes. Kids can save favorites and make their own small online gallery to share with family. 5. [Van Gogh Museum](https://www.vangoghmuseum.nl/en) (Van Gogh Museum, Free online, ages 7-18). Van Gogh's paintings, letters and life story, with family-friendly features and short videos. Pair it with a rainy-day painting session, and try his swirling brushstrokes with your child. 6. [Tate Kids](https://www.tate.org.uk/kids) (Tate, Free, ages 5-12). Art games, quizzes and making ideas from the UK's Tate museums, made for kids and free of ads. Kids can upload their own art to a moderated gallery, and the games teach real art ideas. 7. [Natural History Museum London: Discover](https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover.html) (Natural History Museum, Free, ages 7-16). Articles, videos and quizzes on dinosaurs, space rocks, oceans and wildlife from one of the world's great museums. The dinosaur pages are a hit with younger kids. 8. [National Air and Space Museum](https://airandspace.si.edu/) (Smithsonian, Free, ages 7-18). Explore famous aircraft and spacecraft and the stories behind them, with online exhibits from the Smithsonian. Good prep before a trip to Washington, D.C., or a fun way to explore from home. 9. [Smithsonian Learning Lab](https://learninglab.si.edu/) (Smithsonian, Free, ages 8-18). Millions of museum objects and ready-made collections to explore by topic, across the Smithsonian's museums. Search a topic your child is studying, then explore real objects, photos and documents together. 10. [Smithsonian's National Zoo webcams](https://nationalzoo.si.edu/webcams) (Smithsonian, Free, ages 3-18). Live cams of pandas, lions, elephants and more from the Smithsonian's zoo in Washington, D.C. The panda and lion cams are the busiest, and keepers often post updates on the animals. 11. [Monterey Bay Aquarium live cams](https://www.montereybayaquarium.org/cams-videos/live-cams) (Monterey Bay Aquarium, Free, ages 2-18). Sea otters, jellies, sharks and a kelp forest, live all day. Very calming, and good for quiet time. Feeding times are the best time to watch. 12. [San Diego Zoo live cameras](https://zoo.sandiegozoo.org/live-cameras) (San Diego Zoo, Free, ages 2-18). Live cams of apes, koalas, penguins, polar bears and more from one of the best-known zoos in the world. Check the feeding times on each cam page. 13. [San Diego Zoo Wildlife Explorers](https://sdzwildlifeexplorers.org/) (San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance, Free, ages 5-12). The zoo's kids' site with animal facts, videos, crafts and games, free of ads. Good for animal reports, too, with clear facts and photos for each species. 14. [Georgia Aquarium webcams](https://www.georgiaaquarium.org/webcam/) (Georgia Aquarium, Free, ages 2-18). Live cams including whale sharks, beluga whales and sea lions from the Atlanta aquarium. Leave one on in the background while kids draw the animals they see swim past. 15. [explore.org live cams](https://explore.org/livecams) (explore.org, Free, ages 3-18). Hundreds of nature cams around the world, like Alaska's brown bears catching salmon at Brooks Falls. Bear season peaks in July, when the Brooks Falls cam is at its busiest. Watch for: Wild animals hunt and eat on camera. 16. [Discovery Education Virtual Field Trips](https://www.discoveryeducation.com/community/virtual-field-trips/) (Discovery Education, Free, ages 6-16). Free video field trips to farms, factories, labs and parks, with companion guides for families and teachers. Many come with live events you can watch together. Watch for: Many are sponsored by companies. 17. [Yellowstone virtual tours](https://www.nps.gov/yell/learn/photosmultimedia/virtualtours.htm) (National Park Service, Free, ages 6-18). Tour Yellowstone's geysers, hot springs and trails online from the National Park Service. Pair a tour with the park's live Old Faithful webcam and guess when it will erupt next. 18. [Access Mars](https://experiments.withgoogle.com/access-mars) (Google Creative Lab and NASA JPL, Free, ages 8-18). Walk on Mars in 3D using real rover imagery, with a guided tour from NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. It works in a browser, with VR optional. 19. [NASA Eyes](https://science.nasa.gov/eyes/) (NASA, Free, ages 9-18). 3D apps that follow real spacecraft, planets, asteroids and the Earth in real time. Great for space fans. It runs in a browser, with no install needed. 20. [Stellarium Web](https://stellarium-web.org/) (Stellarium, Free, ages 7-18). A planetarium in your browser that shows tonight's sky from where you are. Point it at the sky and go outside. Kids can find planets in minutes. Watch for: Asks for your location; you can enter it by hand. 21. [Nature Lab](https://www.nature.org/en-us/about-us/who-we-are/how-we-work/youth-engagement/nature-lab/) (The Nature Conservancy, Free, ages 8-16). Virtual field trips to forests, reefs and cities from The Nature Conservancy, with lessons on conservation science. Each trip includes activities you can do afterward, at home or outside. 22. [FarmFood 360](https://www.farmfood360.ca/) (Farm & Food Care Ontario, Free, ages 6-16). 360-degree tours of real farms and food plants in Canada. Kids see where milk, eggs and apples come from. Good for kids who ask where their food comes from, with short tours of each farm and plant. 23. [Statue of Liberty and Ellis Island](https://www.statueofliberty.org/) (Statue of Liberty-Ellis Island Foundation, Free, ages 9-18). History, online exhibits and the Ellis Island passenger records, where families can search for ancestors. Searching family names together makes immigration history personal for kids. ### 16 best communities for parents on learning and tech Best of the web. Other parents are often the best source of practical answers: which app worked, how the school uses AI, what to do about group chats. These communities range from big online forums to pledge groups and school organizations. They differ a lot in how they are run, so for each we note who moderates and what slant to expect. Use forums for ideas and shared experience, and check anything medical, legal or safety-critical with a professional source. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/best-parent-communities-learning-and-tech Good to know: Do not post your child's full name, school, photo or location in public forums. Anonymous forums mix good advice with bad. Look for answers that cite sources. Advocacy groups do valuable work but argue one side. Read more than one. Local group chats can turn into pressure. It is fine to make a different choice. Watch for product pitches posing as advice, including AI-written posts. 1. [r/Parenting](https://www.reddit.com/r/Parenting/) (Reddit community, Free, ages Parents). One of the largest parenting forums online, with frequent threads on screens, school, phones and AI. Good for quick ideas from many families. Search before posting. Watch for: Volunteer moderators and anonymous users. Great for ideas, poor for medical advice. 2. [r/ScienceBasedParenting](https://www.reddit.com/r/ScienceBasedParenting/) (Reddit community, Free, ages Parents). Parents ask questions and answers are expected to cite research. Especially strong on screen-time and learning studies. Good for questions about screen time and learning apps. Watch for: Moderators remove uncited claims, but check the sources yourself. 3. [r/homeschool](https://www.reddit.com/r/homeschool/) (Reddit community, Free, ages Parents). A busy forum for curriculum swaps, schedules and honest reviews from families who homeschool. Search old threads first, since most curriculum questions have been asked and answered there. Watch for: Volunteer-moderated; views and advice vary widely. 4. [r/daddit](https://www.reddit.com/r/daddit/) (Reddit community, Free, ages Parents). A friendly forum for dads, often swapping tech, gadget and school advice along with the jokes. Good for practical setup questions about devices, games and parental controls at home. Watch for: Volunteer-moderated by Reddit users; advice varies. 5. [r/Mommit](https://www.reddit.com/r/Mommit/) (Reddit community, Free, ages Parents). A large, supportive forum for moms, with plenty of threads on school, screens and learning at home. Search old threads before posting, since many common questions have good answers there already. Watch for: Volunteer-moderated by Reddit users; advice varies. 6. [Mumsnet Education](https://www.mumsnet.com/talk/education) (Mumsnet, Free, ages Parents). The UK's biggest parent forum has an education board with long, frank threads about schools and learning. Good for UK school questions and for honest, sometimes blunt views from many parents. Watch for: Moderated by staff after posts appear. Opinions are strong. 7. [Netmums](https://www.netmums.com/) (Netmums, Free, ages Parents). A UK parent community with forums and expert articles on family life, school and tech. Good for UK families looking for local advice and support from other parents near them. Watch for: Staff-moderated and supported by ads. 8. [National PTA](https://www.pta.org/) (National PTA, Low-cost membership, ages Parents). Join your school's PTA to shape tech and AI policy where your kids learn. It also runs family online safety programs. Ask whether your school has an AI policy. 9. [HSLDA homeschool group finder](https://hslda.org/explore/homeschool-groups) (HSLDA, Free, ages Parents). Find local homeschool groups and co-ops for shared classes, field trips and friendships. Groups list ages, fees and focus, and many welcome visits from new families before you join. Watch for: Many listed groups are faith-based. Ask about each group's approach. 10. [Wait Until 8th](https://www.waituntil8th.org/) (Wait Until 8th, Free, ages Parents). Parents sign a pledge to wait on smartphones until 8th grade, together with other families in the same class. The pledge only activates once ten families from the same grade sign, so no one waits alone. Watch for: A pledge community, not a discussion forum. 11. [Smartphone Free Childhood](https://www.smartphonefreechildhood.org/) (Smartphone Free Childhood, Free, ages Parents). Local parent groups that agree on phone timelines together. It started in the UK and now has groups in many countries. Joining a local group is free. Watch for: Organized through local group chats; quality depends on local volunteers. 12. [Children's Screen Time Action Network](https://screentimenetwork.org/) (Fairplay, Free, ages Parents). A network of parents and professionals working on kids' screen time and tech design, with webinars and workgroups. Parents can join workgroups on topics like schools and AI. Watch for: An advocacy group with a clear point of view. 13. [ParentsTogether](https://parents-together.org/) (ParentsTogether, Free, ages Parents). A large parent advocacy group that runs campaigns and writes guides on kids' online safety and AI. Its guides on new apps and AI tools are short and practical, and free to read without joining. Watch for: Advocacy-focused, with a clear point of view. 14. [Parent Coalition for Student Privacy](https://studentprivacymatters.org/) (Parent Coalition for Student Privacy, Free, ages Parents). Parents working on how schools and ed-tech companies, including AI tools, collect and handle student data. Its guides explain your rights under US student privacy law and how to ask a school about apps. 15. [Common Sense Media reviews](https://www.commonsensemedia.org/app-reviews) (Common Sense Media, Free, ages Parents). Expert reviews of apps plus parent and kid reviews. Good for seeing what other families noticed before you download. Compare the parent and kid ratings. Watch for: User reviews are moderated, but they are still opinions. 16. [Macaroni KID](https://national.macaronikid.com/) (Macaroni KID, Free, ages Parents). Local family event newsletters run by parents in hundreds of towns. Good for finding classes, camps and library events. Sign up for your town's edition. Watch for: Includes paid ads from local businesses. ### 23 best free online courses for teens Best of the web. Teens today can take Harvard's computer science course, MIT's lectures and a real AI course for free. The hard part is finishing. This list covers the strongest free courses for teens in AI, coding, math, science, history and money, plus SAT prep. Several of the best AI courses are here, from a no-math intro (Elements of AI) to hands-on deep learning. Help your teen pick one course, set a weekly time, and find a friend to take it with. Certificates are optional; the skills are what count. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/best-free-online-courses-for-teens Good to know: Many course platforms require users to be 13 or older, and some expect 18 or parental consent. Read the terms. Free to audit often means no certificate or graded work. That is usually fine. AI tools can do the homework in these courses. The learning only happens if your teen does it. Course sites collect data and send marketing email. Use a school or family email you can manage. 1. [Khan Academy](https://www.khanacademy.org/) (Khan Academy, Free, ages 12-18). Full courses in math, science, economics and computing, with AP and SAT prep. The best free starting point for any teen. Teens can study at their own pace. 2. [CS50x: Introduction to Computer Science](https://cs50.harvard.edu/x/) (Harvard University, Free; optional paid certificate, ages 15-18). Harvard's intro course, free online with lectures and graded problem sets. It is hard, and many teens say it changed what they want to study. 3. [CS50's Introduction to AI with Python](https://cs50.harvard.edu/ai/) (Harvard University, Free, ages 16-18). Search, machine learning and neural networks, with real coding projects. For teens who already know some Python. Projects include building a game-playing AI and a simple language model, with free autograded checks. 4. [Elements of AI](https://www.elementsofai.com/) (University of Helsinki and MinnaLearn, Free, ages 14-18). A friendly, non-technical intro to what AI is, how it works and what it means for society. No math or coding needed. It takes about 30 hours in total. 5. [Practical Deep Learning (fast.ai)](https://course.fast.ai/) (fast.ai, Free, ages 16-18). A hands-on deep learning course that has students train real models from the first lesson. For strong coders. Lessons are free videos with notebooks that run in a free cloud tool. 6. [DeepLearning.AI short courses](https://www.deeplearning.ai/courses) (DeepLearning.AI, Free short courses; paid programs, ages 16-18). One-hour courses on building with AI models, from prompting to simple apps, taught by people who build them. Good for teens who code and want to build with AI tools rather than just use chatbots. Watch for: Needs an account. Check the age rules in its terms. 7. [Kaggle Learn](https://www.kaggle.com/learn) (Kaggle (Google), Free, ages 15-18). Short, free micro-courses on Python, data analysis and machine learning, run in the browser with real datasets. Each course takes a few hours, and teens can practice on public data competitions after. Watch for: Check the current terms for minors. 8. [MIT OpenCourseWare](https://ocw.mit.edu/) (MIT, Free, ages 15-18). Materials from thousands of real MIT courses, including video lectures, notes and problem sets. No sign-up needed. Start with the courses marked for high school students or intro level. 9. [Open Yale Courses](https://oyc.yale.edu/) (Yale University, Free, ages 15-18). Full recorded lectures from Yale courses in history, science, literature and more, free to watch. Good for teens curious about what college classes feel like, from psychology to astronomy. 10. [Stanford Online free courses](https://online.stanford.edu/free-courses) (Stanford University, Free, ages 15-18). A catalog of free Stanford courses across computer science, medicine, business and the humanities. Filter by subject and pace, and look for self-paced courses that fit around school. 11. [Harvard free courses](https://pll.harvard.edu/catalog/free) (Harvard University, Free, ages 15-18). Free Harvard courses on coding, history, science and more, most self-paced and open to anyone. CS50 is the most popular, but there are many others in the humanities and sciences. 12. [edX](https://www.edx.org/) (2U, Free to audit; paid certificates, ages 13-18). University courses you can audit for free, from intro physics to AI and data science, from schools around the world. Audit mode lets teens watch every lecture. Watch for: Its terms require users to be 13 or older. 13. [Coursera](https://www.coursera.org/) (Coursera, Free to audit; paid certificates, ages 13-18). Courses from universities and companies, many free to audit, on nearly every subject teens might explore. Audit mode is free but often hides graded work, which is fine for learning the ideas. Watch for: Check the current terms for age rules. 14. [OpenStax](https://openstax.org/) (Rice University, Free, ages 14-18). Free, peer-reviewed textbooks for high school and college, from biology to statistics, from Rice University. Download the PDF or read online, and use it alongside a class or for summer study. 15. [Crash Course](https://thecrashcourse.com/) (Complexly, Free, ages 13-18). Video courses for nearly every high school subject, including AI and media literacy. Great for review. Teens can watch at 1.5x speed for review and pause to take notes on key ideas. 16. [Microsoft Learn](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/training/) (Microsoft, Free, ages 15-18). Free modules on coding, cloud and AI tools, with skill paths and badges. Some paths lead to industry certifications teens can list on a resume or college application. 17. [freeCodeCamp](https://www.freecodecamp.org/) (freeCodeCamp, Free, ages 13-18). Thousands of hours of web development, Python and data courses with free certificates, from a nonprofit. Its YouTube channel has full-length courses on Python, web development and machine learning. 18. [The Odin Project](https://www.theodinproject.com/) (The Odin Project, Free, ages 15-18). A free, project-based full-stack web development path. Teens build real websites and a portfolio as they go. Teens finish with a portfolio of real websites, which helps with internships and summer jobs. 19. [Next Gen Personal Finance](https://www.ngpf.org/) (NGPF (nonprofit), Free, ages 13-18). Free personal finance lessons on budgeting, credit, taxes and investing basics, made for high school classes. Its free games and short activities work well at home, too, not just in class. 20. [SAT practice](https://satsuite.collegeboard.org/practice) (College Board, Free, ages 14-18). Official free practice tests in Bluebook, the app used for the real test. Pair it with Khan Academy SAT prep. Bluebook is the same app used on test day. 21. [OER Project](https://www.oerproject.com/) (OER Project, Free, ages 12-18). Free world history and Big History courses with readings, videos and writing practice. It also teaches how to read sources and write strong arguments, which helps in every class. 22. [Learn.Genetics](https://learn.genetics.utah.edu/) (University of Utah, Free, ages 12-18). Interactive biology on DNA, cells and the brain, with virtual labs from the University of Utah. Good for AP Biology review or for any teen curious about how DNA works. 23. [Exercism](https://exercism.org/) (Exercism (nonprofit), Free, ages 14-18). Coding practice in over 70 languages, with free feedback from volunteer mentors on your solutions. Teens can learn a new language one small exercise at a time, at their own pace. Watch for: Mentoring means talking with adult volunteers. Check settings with your teen. ### The 12 biggest stories in kids and AI in 2026 2026 in review. 2026 was the year AI stopped being a homework rumor and became a family question. Chatbots got teen modes, toy makers hit a wall, juries and state attorneys general went after tech companies, and researchers started publishing real classroom trials. This list is the short version for busy parents: what happened, why it matters at home, and what is still unsettled. We lean on primary sources and named reporting. Where a company disputes a finding, we say so. Use it to catch up before your next talk with your kids about the apps they use. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/biggest-kids-and-ai-stories-2026 Good to know: Teen modes rely on age guesses. Link accounts and check settings yourself. Lawsuits and settlements mostly change products slowly; do not wait for them. AI toys and companion apps can collect voice and chat logs. Read the privacy policy. Company safety claims and outside tests often disagree. Look for independent testing. Most AI chatbots set 13 as the minimum age, and some (like Claude.ai) are 18+. 1. [Common Sense rates ChatGPT for Teens an "Unacceptable Risk"](https://www.commonsensemedia.org/articles/chatgpt-claims-to-have-a-safety-net-for-teens-we-watched-it-fail) (Common Sense Media). On Oct. 7 the nonprofit gave OpenAI's teen mode its worst rating after 4,000+ test prompts. Parent alerts often failed to fire in crisis chats, and Study Mode could be skipped by deleting one prefix. Watch for: OpenAI disputes the method and says some safety features did not switch on correctly during testing. 2. [OpenAI launches ChatGPT for Teens](https://www.thurrott.com/a-i/340518/openai-launches-chatgpt-for-teens) (OpenAI, ages 13-17). On Aug. 18 ChatGPT began giving 13- to 17-year-olds, and users its age prediction flags as minors, tighter limits on self-harm, sexual and risky topics, plus study tools and parent alerts. Watch for: Age prediction is a guess. Link your teen's account so parent settings actually apply. 3. [Meta settles with states for up to $18 billion](https://www.foxcarolina.com/2026/08/26/meta-reaches-17-billion-settlement-with-states-landmark-trial-over-teen-social-media-addiction/) (AP / state attorneys general). On Aug. 26 Meta settled the multistate teen social media addiction case. Reported terms include two-hour daily limits for teens that only a parent can lift, age checks and no school-hour notifications. Watch for: First reported as $17 billion; later reports say up to $18 billion. Details depend on court approval. 4. [Juries find Meta and YouTube liable for harming kids](https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2026/3/25/us-jury-orders-meta-to-pay-375m-for-endangering-children) (New Mexico and Los Angeles juries). In March a New Mexico jury ordered Meta to pay $375 million for misleading families about child safety, and a Los Angeles jury found Meta and YouTube negligent over addictive design in the first bellwether trial. Watch for: Both companies said they would appeal. 5. [Florida becomes the first state to sue OpenAI](https://abc17news.com/money/cnn-business-consumer/2026/06/01/florida-sues-openai-alleging-its-unsafe-for-children/) (Florida Attorney General). On June 1 Florida sued OpenAI and Sam Altman, alleging ChatGPT harmed children through self-harm guidance, addictive design and collecting data from under-13s without parent consent. Watch for: These are allegations in an open case, not findings. 6. [Character.AI and Google agree to settle teen harm suits](https://www.eweek.com/news/google-character-ai-teen-suicide-lawsuits/) (eWeek). In January the companies agreed to settle five family lawsuits in four states, including the case of a 14-year-old who died after months of chatbot conversations. Character.AI had already ended open-ended chat for under-18s. Watch for: Settlement terms are confidential, and other chatbot suits continue. 7. [Meta pauses teens' access to AI characters](https://www.ypulse.com/newsfeed/2026/01/28/meta-is-suspending-teens-access-to-ai-characters-until-it-figures-out-how-to-make-them-safer/) (YPulse). In late January Meta said teens worldwide, and adults its age prediction suspects are teens, would lose access to AI characters until a safer teen version and parent controls are ready. Watch for: Teens can still use the general Meta AI assistant inside Instagram, WhatsApp and Messenger. 8. [AI toys hit a wall](https://www.commonsensemedia.org/press-releases/common-sense-media-warns-against-ai-toy-companions-after-research-reveals-safety-risks) (Common Sense Media). In January Common Sense rated AI companion toys "Unacceptable" and advised none for ages 5 and under. Weeks later a plush toy maker left 50,000 kids' chats open online, and in September California paused chatbot toy sales. Watch for: Many AI toys are still on shelves outside California. 9. [Brookings: AI's risks in school outweigh its benefits, for now](https://www.npr.org/2026/01/14/nx-s1-5674741/ai-schools-education) (Brookings via NPR). A January "premortem" drawing on students, parents and teachers in 50 countries warned that handing thinking to chatbots can undercut how kids learn, while calling the damage fixable. Watch for: This is a review and interviews, not a controlled trial. 10. [Australia's under-16 ban removes 4.7 million accounts](https://abc11.com/post/social-media-platforms-removed-47-million-accounts-australia-banned-children/18416088/) (AP). Five weeks after the ban began in December 2025, platforms reported restricting 4.7 million accounts. The UK proposed its own under-16 ban in June and the EU proposed a KIDS Act in September. Watch for: Kids can still slip through with fake ages or a parent's account. 11. [Gemini comes to students of every age in Google Classroom](https://chromeunboxed.com/google-is-officially-bringing-gemini-in-classroom-to-students-of-all-ages/) (Chrome Unboxed). From Aug. 10 Google began turning on a Gemini tab with quizzes and flashcards for students of all ages, where schools allow it. Free AI deals for teachers from OpenAI and Anthropic also spread. Watch for: On by default once a school enables Gemini; ask your district what younger kids see. 12. [AI slop floods kids' YouTube](https://www.the74million.org/zero2eight/ai-slop-is-flooding-childrens-media-parents-should-be-very-alarmed/) (The 74). Cheap AI-generated videos that look educational, and sometimes teach wrong things, spread across YouTube and YouTube Kids. In March more than 200 groups asked YouTube to label them and keep them off the kids app. Watch for: Parental controls do not filter AI-made videos yet. ### The 12 most important studies of 2026 on AI and learning 2026 in review. This year brought the first big classroom trials of AI tutors, plus national surveys of how kids really use chatbots. The headline is not "AI works" or "AI fails." It is that design and engagement decide the outcome: tutors that make kids review mistakes help a little, while open access to a chatbot can lower grades. We list each study in plain words with its size, what it found and its limits. Several are working papers, not yet peer reviewed. Read them as strong clues, not final answers, and share them with your child's teacher. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/important-studies-ai-and-learning-2026 Good to know: Many 2026 studies are working papers; findings can change after peer review. "Students did better homework" is not the same as "students learned more." Surveys show what kids say they do, and use is growing fast. College results do not always apply to young children. A study of one tool does not tell you about the app your child uses. 1. [Making AI Tutoring Productive (NBER 35621)](https://ideas.repec.org/p/nbr/nberwo/35621.html) (Oreopoulos and colleagues). A randomized trial with 6,000+ Tennessee middle schoolers. Students with AI help went slower and tried fewer problems, but recovered better after mistakes. The best delayed-test results came when AI was paired with mastery practice. Watch for: Working paper; gains were modest. 2. [One Click Away: Khanmigo in a two-year school experiment (NBER 35620)](https://ideas.repec.org/p/nbr/nberwo/35620.html) (NBER). A two-year trial in the same Tennessee district found math scores rose about 1.3 national percentile points per term with Khanmigo. The authors say student engagement, not the tutor, was the limit. Watch for: Small effect; not yet peer reviewed. 3. [University AI tutor trial that lowered grades (IZA DP 18989)](https://docs.iza.org/dp18989.pdf) (IZA Institute of Labor Economics). In a trial with 2,379 undergraduates, access to an AI tutor cut final grades by 0.37 standard deviations and sharply reduced use of other course activities. A warning about tools that replace effort. Watch for: College students, not children; results may differ for kids. 4. [Access is Not Enough: human support and AI reading tutors](https://nssa.stanford.edu/studies/access-not-enough-human-support-improves-engagement-ai-tutoring) (Stanford National Student Support Accelerator). Two randomized trials in elementary reading found kids barely used the AI tutor on their own and reading did not improve. Adding human tutors raised engagement. Watch for: Shows the tool alone is not a plan. 5. [OECD Digital Education Outlook 2026](https://mexicobusiness.news/talent/news/oecd-generative-ai-reshapes-education-systems) (OECD). The OECD's big January review found general chatbots often improve the work students hand in but not what they learn, and the edge can vanish or reverse on exams without AI. It warns of "metacognitive laziness." Watch for: Linked summary; the OECD site may block some browsers. 6. [A New Direction for Students in an AI World](https://www.npr.org/2026/01/14/nx-s1-5674741/ai-schools-education) (Brookings Center for Universal Education). A "premortem" based on interviews in 50 countries and hundreds of papers. It concludes AI's risks to kids' learning and social growth currently outweigh benefits, but says the harm is fixable. Watch for: Interviews and literature review, not a trial. 7. [How Teens Use and View AI](https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2026/02/24/how-teens-use-and-view-ai/) (Pew Research Center, ages 13-17). A national survey of 1,458 teens and parents. 54% of teens have used chatbots for schoolwork and 12% for emotional support or advice. About 1 in 10 do most of their assignments with AI. Watch for: Fielded fall 2025, so use is likely higher now. 8. [Common Sense Census: AI Use by Tweens and Teens](https://www.commonsensemedia.org/press-releases/common-sense-media-releases-inaugural-annual-study-on-ai-use-by-tweens-and-teens) (Common Sense Media, ages 9-17). The first yearly census of 1,204 kids ages 9-17. 86% use AI, 24% daily, and 44% say no parent has ever talked to them about using it safely. One in six chatbot users saw inappropriate material. Watch for: Survey shows links with loneliness, not cause. 9. [School phone bans and test scores (two NBER studies)](https://www.hppr.org/2026-05-07/new-study-measures-whether-school-cell-phone-bans-actually-work) (Stanford, Penn, Duke, Michigan researchers). Data from about 4,600 schools found bans had close to zero average effect on scores, attendance or bullying, though in-class phone use dropped sharply. A separate Florida district study found second-year score gains. Watch for: Results vary by setting and how long the ban has run. 10. [Public Montessori preschool lottery study](https://as.virginia.edu/news/nationwide-uva-led-study-finds-montessori-preschool-boosts-learning-lower-cost) (University of Virginia (PNAS), ages 3-6). A national lottery study of 588 children at 24 public Montessori schools found winners ahead in reading, executive function and social understanding by the end of kindergarten, at lower cost per child. Watch for: Published late 2025; not an AI study, but a strong reminder of what works for young kids. 11. [Young children's brains on ChatGPT (Technion preprint)](https://aiweekly.co/alerts/nyt-magazine-researchers-see-cognitive-stunting-in-kids-on-ai) (Technion researchers via NYT Magazine, ages 6-7). Brain scans of 6- and 7-year-olds using ChatGPT showed weaker coordination in attention areas than adults, and creative kids told fewer imaginative stories afterward. The lead author says 6 is probably too early. Watch for: Small preprint, not yet peer reviewed. 12. [Gen Z's AI adoption steady, skepticism climbs](https://news.gallup.com/poll/708224/gen-adoption-steady-skepticism-climbs.aspx) (Gallup, Walton Family Foundation, GSV, ages 14+). A spring survey of 1,572 people ages 14-29 found weekly AI use flat at about half, anger toward AI up to 31%, and 74% of students saying their school now has AI rules. Watch for: Covers older teens and young adults. ### The 7 best new learning apps and sites of 2026 2026 in review. Most "best apps of 2026" lists are last decade's apps with a new date. This one sticks to tools that launched, added something real, or won a major award in 2026. A good pick teaches a clear skill, keeps ads and upsells away from kids, and leaves the thinking to your child. The AI-powered ones work best when they quiz, hint and explain rather than hand over answers. A few are school-run, so you may need to ask your child's teacher whether they are switched on. Two are sites for parents, not kids. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/best-new-learning-apps-and-sites-2026 Good to know: AI study tools can still just give answers. Ask your child to explain it back to you. School-provided AI follows your district's settings, not yours. Ask what is on. Check for ads, streaks and in-app purchases before handing over a tablet. Most general chatbots require users to be 13+; under-13 access needs a parent-managed account. Free trials often renew automatically. Set a reminder. 1. [Sago Mini School](https://sagomini.com/school/) (Sago Mini (Spin Master), ages 2-5). Won Best Learning App for preschool at the 2026 Kidscreen Awards. Short themed lessons on early reading, math, science and feelings, with no third-party ads or in-app purchases, and it plays offline. Watch for: Subscription after a one-month free trial. 2. [Free SAT practice tests in Gemini](https://blog.google/products-and-platforms/products/education/bett-2026-gemini-classroom-updates/) (Google, with The Princeton Review, Free, ages 15-18). Since January students can take full-length, on-demand SAT practice tests inside Gemini at no cost, with content from The Princeton Review, then ask for explanations of what they missed. Watch for: Needs a Google account that allows Gemini; check your teen's account type. 3. [Khanmigo's new interactive diagrams and practice](https://blog.khanacademy.org/new-ai-tools-bring-interactive-diagrams-and-targeted-practice-thanks-to-khan-academys-partnership-with-google-org/) (Khan Academy and Google.org, ages 8-18). Khan Academy's tutor added interactive visuals for math and science and a faster way for teachers to build practice sets. Teachers review AI-drafted questions before students see them. Watch for: Khanmigo is free through many schools; families may pay a small fee. Check Khan's site. 4. [Hour of AI](https://code.org/hourofai) (Code.org and partners, Free, ages 8+). Code.org turned its famous Hour of Code into an Hour of AI. Free, self-guided activities have kids mix music and design dancers with AI tools, and teach how AI makes choices. Watch for: Some activities use generative AI; preview them first. 5. [Gemini in Google Classroom for students](https://chromeunboxed.com/google-is-officially-bringing-gemini-in-classroom-to-students-of-all-ages/) (Google, ages School age). From August, schools can give students of any age a Gemini tab inside Classroom with quizzes, flashcards and notes tied to their class work, instead of a general chatbot. Watch for: On by default once a school enables Gemini; teachers cannot read every student chat. 6. [Youth AI Safety Institute risk ratings](https://institute.commonsensemedia.org/risk-assessments/ai-toys) (Common Sense Media, Free, ages For parents). Common Sense's new institute publishes plain-language risk ratings of AI toys, chatbots and teen modes, based on thousands of test prompts. A quick check before you buy or allow a new AI product. Watch for: Ratings are one group's tests; companies sometimes dispute them. 7. [State AI Guidance for Education tracker](https://www.aiforeducation.io/ai-resources/state-ai-guidance) (AI for Education, Free, ages For parents). One page linking every state's official guidance on AI in K-12 schools, 35 states plus Puerto Rico as of August 2026. Read your state's before a school AI meeting. Watch for: Guidance is advice, not law; districts set their own rules. ### The 9 best AI toys and gadgets of 2026 (and the flops) 2026 in review. 2026 was a rough year for talking AI toys. Independent testers found companion toys saying unsafe things, one maker exposed thousands of kids' chats, and California paused sales of chatbot toys. The good news: the best smart toys of the year do not chat at all. They use sensors, sound and simple code to make play richer while keeping kids' voices off company servers. Below are the four we would buy and five cautionary tales. Before any smart toy, check for an always-on microphone, a subscription, and what happens to recordings. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/best-and-worst-ai-toys-gadgets-2026 Good to know: Avoid open-ended chatbot toys for young kids; independent tests keep finding unsafe replies. Look for a physical mute switch and clear rules on how long recordings are kept. California bans sales of companion chatbot toys for under-16s from Jan. 1, 2027. Many smart toys need an app and account; read the privacy policy before setup. Subscriptions and add-on packs can cost more than the toy. 1. [LEGO SMART Play (Smart Brick)](https://www.lego.com/en-us/aboutus/news/2026/december/lego-smart-play-announcement) (LEGO, $69.99-$159.99 (Oct 2026), ages 6+). Launched March 1. A brick with motion, light and sound sensors plus a tiny speaker makes Star Wars builds react to play, with no screen. Shows how a toy can be smart without a chatbot. Watch for: Electronics in a 50-year toy line; ask how long LEGO will support updates. 2. [My Robotic Pet: Coding Chameleon](https://www.spielwarenmesse.de/en/mag/toy-market-news/2026-toy-of-the-year-winners-announced/) (Thames & Kosmos, About $55 (Oct 2026), ages 8+). The 2026 Toy of the Year winner for educational toys. A robot chameleon that changes color and fires its tongue; kids sequence its moves with action cards and learn how sensors work in real robots. Watch for: Small parts; batteries and setup need a grown-up. 3. [Toniebox Lite](https://www.mynewsdesk.com/us/tonies/pressreleases/tonies-introduces-toniebox-lite-growing-the-globally-loved-audio-ecosystem-for-children-3459292) (tonies, ages 1+). A smaller, cheaper version of the screen-free audio player, in U.S. stores from Aug. 22. Kids put a figure on top to hear stories and songs. Works with every Tonie and has parent volume limits. Watch for: Figures cost extra; it drops the light ring and games of Toniebox 2. 4. [Toniebox 2 with Tonieplay](https://www.mynewsdesk.com/us/tonies/pressreleases/tonies-r-introduces-toniebox-2-and-tonieplay-next-generation-of-interactive-audio-entertainment-redefines-how-children-grow-through-independent-listening-touch-and-play-3401125) (tonies, ages 1-9). Launched late 2025 and the year's go-to screen-free player. Adds audio games and quizzes played with a physical controller, plus a sleep timer and sunrise alarm. Watch for: Ecosystem costs add up; games need separate packs. 5. [Flop: FoloToy Kumma bear](https://www.foxnews.com/tech/company-restores-ai-teddy-bear-sales-after-safety-scare) (FoloToy). After testers caught the AI teddy discussing sexual topics and where to find knives and pills, sales paused. It came back within weeks running a different chatbot, which fixes only the tested problems. Watch for: Avoid. Open-ended chatbot toys can be steered off-script. 6. [Flop: Bondu plush data leak](https://www.malwarebytes.com/blog/news/2026/02/an-ai-plush-toy-exposed-thousands-of-private-chats-with-children) (Bondu). In January researchers found about 50,000 kids' chats with the AI plush, with names and birth dates, readable by anyone with a Google login. The company locked it down within minutes of being told. Watch for: Assume anything a toy hears may be stored and could leak. 7. [Flop: AI companion toys as a category](https://www.commonsensemedia.org/press-releases/common-sense-media-warns-against-ai-toy-companions-after-research-reveals-safety-risks) (Common Sense Media). Testing Grem, Bondu and Miko 3, Common Sense found over a quarter of replies inappropriate and design meant to build attachment. Overall rating: Unacceptable. No AI toy companions for ages 5 and under. Watch for: Individual toys were not rated; caution for ages 6-12. 8. [Flop: Mattel and OpenAI's missing toy](https://fairplayforkids.org/statement-on-mattel-delaying-release-of-its-first-toy-with-openai/) (Mattel). The much-hyped first toy from the Mattel-OpenAI deal never arrived for the 2025 holidays amid safety pressure from senators and advocates. Reports say future products will aim at older kids and families. Watch for: Watch for any 2027 launch and check its age rating. 9. [Flop: CES 2026 companion robots](https://abc7news.com/post/are-ai-toys-safe-companion-products-debut-ces-2026-las-vegas-amid-speculation-child-impact/18370854/) (Various makers). January's tech show was full of cute AI companions, many quietly aimed at adults as scrutiny of kids' products grew. Some include always-on cellular links. Most were not yet sold in the U.S. Watch for: Cellular or always-listening devices need extra privacy checks. ### The 8 biggest AI-in-education launches by big companies in 2026 2026 in review. The big AI companies spent 2026 racing into schools. Most of the action was free AI for teachers and new teen versions of chatbots, while kids' own access stayed tangled in age rules. For parents, the key question is who controls the settings: you, your child's school, or the company. This list explains what each launch is, who it is for, and the catch. Remember the age limits: Claude is 18+, ChatGPT is 13+ with parent consent for minors, and Gemini reaches under-13s only through Family Link or school accounts. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/big-company-ai-education-launches-2026 Good to know: Teacher-only tools can still touch your child's work and data. Ask what the school's data agreement covers. Free education deals often end in 2027 or 2028; schools may then pay or switch. Default-on school AI means opting out takes a request to the district. Age limits differ by product and change often. Check the current terms. A teen mode is not a substitute for talking with your teen. 1. [ChatGPT for Teens](https://www.thurrott.com/a-i/340518/openai-launches-chatgpt-for-teens) (OpenAI, ages 13-17). Launched Aug. 18 for 13- to 17-year-olds. Stricter replies on risky topics, no romantic role-play, parent alerts in some crisis cases, and Study Hours that turn on Study Mode during set times. Watch for: Common Sense rated it Unacceptable Risk in October; OpenAI disputes it. 2. [Gemini for Education updates](https://blog.google/products-and-platforms/products/education/bett-2026-gemini-classroom-updates/) (Google). At January's BETT show Google widened free access to its top Gemini models for schools, added free SAT practice tests, and turned the Classroom homepage into a dashboard for teachers and students. Watch for: School admins decide what is on; settings vary by district. 3. [Gemini in Classroom for students of all ages](https://chromeunboxed.com/google-is-officially-bringing-gemini-in-classroom-to-students-of-all-ages/) (Google, ages School age). From Aug. 10 Google began rolling out a student Gemini tab inside Classroom, with prompts tied to assignments, quizzes and flashcards, for any age the school allows. Watch for: Default-on once Gemini is enabled; younger grades must be opted out by admins. 4. [Claude for Teachers](https://www.edsurge.com/news/anthropic-introduces-claude-for-teachers) (Anthropic, Free for verified teachers). Launched July 14. Verified U.S. K-12 teachers get a free year of Claude with state standards, curricula and ready-made lesson skills, plus a student-data agreement aimed at FERPA. Watch for: Teachers only; Claude.ai is for adults 18+, so not for students. 5. [ChatGPT for Teachers expansion](https://9to5mac.com/2026/08/26/free-chatgpt-for-teachers-expansion/) (OpenAI, Free for verified teachers). Launched free in November 2025 for verified U.S. K-12 teachers. In August OpenAI added 55 school systems in 20 states and released education plugins for lesson planning. Watch for: Free period has an end date; check before relying on it. 6. [Microsoft Elevate for Educators](https://tools.prnewswire.com/en-us/live/20823/release/20260115EN63758) (Microsoft). Announced in January before BETT: a program for teacher training, AI credentials and new AI tools in Microsoft 365 for schools, building on Copilot Chat access for students 13 and older. Watch for: Student Copilot access depends on the school's license and settings. 7. [LEGO Education Computer Science & AI](https://www.lego.com/en-us/aboutus/news/2026/january/lego-education-cs-ai) (LEGO Education, From $339.95 per kit (Oct 2026), ages 5-14). Shipped in April for K-8 classrooms. Kids work in groups of four with bricks, hardware and screen-free lessons to learn how computers and AI make decisions. Replaces the SPIKE line. Watch for: Sold to schools; about $340 per kit. 8. [Character.AI ends open-ended chat for under-18s](https://blog.character.ai/u18-chat-announcement/) (Character.AI). Late 2025, but it shaped 2026: teens lost free-form chats with characters, keeping only creative tools. It set the pattern Meta followed in January by pausing teen AI characters. Watch for: Age checks can be dodged; talk about why the rule exists. ### The 12 biggest policy and law changes for kids online in 2026 2026 in review. Lawmakers moved faster on kids online in 2026 than in any year before, but much of it is still bills, proposals and court fights. This list sorts what is in force now from what is pending, in short practical terms. In the U.S., the biggest changes came from states, courts and the updated children's privacy rule. Overseas, Australia's under-16 ban took effect and the UK and EU proposed their own. For each item we say what it means for your family today. None of this is legal advice. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/kids-online-policy-law-changes-2026 Good to know: A bill passing one chamber is not a law. Check status before changing plans. Age-check laws trade privacy for protection; ask how a company stores ID data. Most U.S. protections still stop at 13. Teens rely on app settings and you. School AI and phone rules are set locally; read your district's policy. Laws lag products. Parental controls and conversations still matter most. 1. [Updated COPPA rule fully in force](https://toyassociation.org/PressRoom2/News/2026-News/updated-coppa-rule-requirements-take-effect-april-22.aspx) (Federal Trade Commission). From April 22, apps and sites for under-13s must get separate parent consent before sharing kids' data for ads, limit how long they keep it, and run a written security program. Watch for: Only covers under-13s; teens get little federal privacy protection. 2. [House passes the KIDS Act](https://energycommerce.house.gov/posts/e-and-c-leadership-celebrates-house-passage-of-kids-act) (U.S. House). On June 29 the House voted 267-117 for a package folding in 14 bills, including KOSA and COPPA 2.0 ideas, but without KOSA's "duty of care." Not law yet. Watch for: Senate sponsors call the House version unacceptable. 3. [Senate committee advances KOSA and AI kids' bills](https://www.k12dive.com/news/kids-online-safety-act-clears-key-senate-panel-with-bipartisan-support/827133/) (Senate Commerce Committee). On Aug. 5 the committee advanced KOSA plus the CHATBOT Act, Youth AI Privacy Act and Children's AI Toy Safety Act. All four head to the full Senate. Watch for: Committee votes are a step, not a law. 4. [California pauses AI chatbot toys](https://www.lawcommentary.com/articles/newsom-california-ban-ai-chatbot-toys-kids-under-16) (California). Signed Sept. 10, SB 867 bars making or selling toys with companion chatbots for kids under 16 in California, starting Jan. 1, 2027, while the state writes safety rules. Watch for: Expect industry lawsuits; other states may copy it. 5. [California's Adam's Law for companion chatbots](https://www.ibtimes.sg/california-ai-chatbot-law-what-adams-law-sb-867-mean-kids-93654) (California). SB 1119, also signed Sept. 10, requires chatbot companies serving minors to run risk assessments and audits, have crisis protocols and give parents controls and alerts. It takes effect in 2027. Watch for: Builds on SB 243, the state's 2025 companion chatbot law. 6. [New York votes to pause chatbot toys](https://hoodline.com/2026/06/albany-puts-ai-chatbot-toys-in-a-five-year-time-out/) (New York Legislature). In June lawmakers passed a five-year ban on making or selling chatbot toys while the state studies them, plus a separate bill limiting harmful companion chatbot features for kids. Watch for: Awaiting the governor's decision as of the latest reports; check status. 7. [Texas app store age checks take effect](https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/7/6/us-supreme-court-clears-path-for-texas-to-enforce-app-age-verification-law) (Texas). Texas's App Store Accountability Act began in June after an appeals court lifted a block, and the Supreme Court declined to stop it in July. App stores must verify ages and get parent consent for minors. Watch for: Court fight continues; age checks mean sharing more personal data. 8. [More states ban phones in class](https://news.ballotpedia.org/2026/03/26/kansas-becomes-thirty-third-state-to-enact-a-k-12-cellphone-ban/) (Ballotpedia). Kansas became the 33rd state with a K-12 phone ban in March. Rules range from bell-to-bell bans to classroom-only limits, so check your district's policy. Watch for: A large 2026 study found little effect on test scores. 9. [EU proposes a KIDS Act](https://commission.europa.eu/news-and-media/news/eu-kids-act-helping-children-navigate-safer-online-world-2026-09-17_en) (European Commission). Proposed Sept. 17: no social media under 13, parent-managed accounts with time limits for 13-14, and AI companions off by default for minors, across social apps, games and chatbots. Watch for: Only a proposal; the EU Parliament and member states must agree. 10. [UK proposes an under-16 social media ban](https://www.dlapiper.com/en-ca/insights/blogs/mse-today/2026/uk-ban-on-social-media-for-under-16s) (UK government). Announced June 15 after a consultation. It would follow Australia's model, exclude messaging, school and music apps, and limit live streaming and stranger contact for under-16s. Watch for: Details depend on an Ofcom age-check study and new regulations. 11. [Australia's under-16 ban in force](https://abc11.com/post/social-media-platforms-removed-47-million-accounts-australia-banned-children/18416088/) (eSafety Commissioner). Since Dec. 10, 2025, ten major platforms must keep under-16s off. They reported restricting 4.7 million accounts in the first weeks, and fines can reach A$49.5 million. Watch for: YouTube Kids and messaging apps are not covered. 12. [Federal order targets state AI laws, with a kids' carve-out](https://www.techpolicy.press/trump-signs-executive-order-to-combat-state-ai-regulation/) (White House). A December 2025 executive order set up a task force to challenge state AI laws, but its legislative plan exempts state child safety rules. That is why state kids' AI laws kept passing in 2026. Watch for: Legal experts say the carve-out is vague. ### The 10 most-talked-about debates of 2026 about kids and tech 2026 in review. Some arguments came up at every school meeting and dinner table this year. Should phones be locked away all day? Is a chatbot that helps with homework a tutor or a crutch? Should kids have AI friends at all? We lay out each debate fairly, with the best evidence on each side and a link to a solid source. You will not find easy verdicts here, because the research is still young. What you will find is enough to form your own view and to ask better questions of your school, your kids and the companies that make their apps. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/biggest-debates-kids-and-tech-2026 Good to know: Most debates rest on young research; be wary of anyone who sounds certain. Company-funded results and advocacy reports both deserve a second source. What works for a teen may be wrong for a 6-year-old. Rules work better when kids understand the reason behind them. Your own child's habits are the best evidence you have. Watch and ask. 1. [Do school phone bans work?](https://www.hppr.org/2026-05-07/new-study-measures-whether-school-cell-phone-bans-actually-work) (NPR member station HPPR). Bans spread to 33+ states, and teachers report fewer distractions. But the largest 2026 study, of about 4,600 schools, found near-zero average effect on scores and attendance, while one Florida district saw gains by year two. Watch for: Results depend on enforcement and how long the ban has run. 2. [Should kids have AI companions at all?](https://www.commonsensemedia.org/articles/chatgpt-claims-to-have-a-safety-net-for-teens-we-watched-it-fail) (Common Sense Media). Character.AI ended teen open chat, Meta paused teen AI characters, and Common Sense failed ChatGPT's teen mode. Supporters say teens find comfort and practice; critics point to dependence and failed crisis responses. Watch for: 12% of teens already use chatbots for emotional support (Pew). 3. [AI homework: tutor or crutch?](https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2026/02/24/how-teens-use-and-view-ai/) (Pew Research Center). Over half of teens use chatbots for schoolwork. Trials show tutors that make kids work through mistakes can help, while plain chatbot access can lower grades. Most families sit somewhere in between. Watch for: Ask your child to explain answers in their own words. 4. [Age bans for social media](https://abc11.com/post/social-media-platforms-removed-47-million-accounts-australia-banned-children/18416088/) (AP). Australia removed 4.7 million under-16 accounts, and the UK and EU proposed limits. Backers say it resets norms; critics say kids get pushed to less safe corners and age checks threaten privacy. Watch for: Bans do not cover games, messaging or YouTube Kids. 5. [Is the "anxious generation" story right?](https://www.npr.org/2026/01/27/nx-s1-5686531/anxious-generation-jonathan-haidt-screen-time-amazing-generation) (NPR). Jonathan Haidt followed his bestseller with a kids' version in 2026. Many parents found it a useful push to delay phones; some researchers say the data show correlation, not proof that phones cause teen anxiety. Watch for: Both sides agree sleep, friends and outdoor play matter. 6. [Pause AI toys or regulate them?](https://www.techpolicy.press/banning-ai-toys-for-four-years-wont-make-kids-safer/) (Tech Policy Press). California and New York voted to pause chatbot toys after tests found unsafe replies and a large chat leak. Critics argue bans push sales online and that safety standards and privacy rules would protect kids better. Watch for: Either way, test any talking toy yourself before giving it. 7. [Can AI replace most of the school day?](https://www.cbsnews.com/news/alpha-school-ai-teaching-2-hour-a-day/) (CBS News). Alpha School's model of two hours of adaptive software a day, then life skills with adult guides, drew national coverage and $55,000 tuition in Chicago. Skeptics note the results come mostly from the company itself. Watch for: Independent evidence on the model is thin. 8. [AI slop in kids' videos](https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/national-international/advocacy-groups-urge-youtube-protect-kids-ai-slop-videos/6484366/) (NBC New York). Advocates want AI-made videos labeled, banned from YouTube Kids and off by default for minors. YouTube removed some channels and points to its disclosure rules. Parents mostly rely on watching along. Watch for: Educational-looking titles do not mean accurate content. 9. [How young is too young for AI?](https://www.the74million.org/zero2eight/pre-k-teachers-are-hesitant-to-use-artificial-intelligence-why/) (The 74). Most pre-K teachers hold back on AI, citing child development. A small Technion study of 6- and 7-year-olds raised flags, and Common Sense advises no AI toy companions for ages 5 and under. Watch for: Early-childhood AI research is very limited. 10. [Should schools turn on AI for students?](https://fairplayforkids.org/student-first-ai-policy-offers-model-for-districts-nationwide-as-evidence-mounts-of-ai-harms/) (Fairplay). Google made Gemini available to students of all ages in Classroom, while Fairplay published a model policy keeping AI products out unless independent evidence shows learning gains. Districts are split. Watch for: Ask your district for its AI policy in writing. ### The 12 best kids' books of 2026 (a few on tech and AI) 2026 in review. A good year in children's books, from award winners to a picture book that finally explains AI without fear or hype. We mixed big honors, critics' picks from publishers and booksellers, and a handful of titles about robots, screens and tech for kids who are curious about the machines around them. Ages are a guide; many picture books work for older kids too. Most are easy to find at your library. Pair a tech book with a conversation: ask what the robot in the story gets wrong, and what your child would teach it. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/best-kids-books-2026 Good to know: Ages are guides; preview books with heavy themes. Kids' books about tech often take a side. Ask your child what they think. UK titles may be hard to find in U.S. stores; libraries can often borrow them. Be wary of self-published AI "explainer" books with no reviews; some are AI-written. Reading together beats any screen, including reading apps. 1. [All the Blues in the Sky](https://www.ala.org/news/2026/01/renee-watson-catia-chien-win-newbery-caldecott-medals) (Renée Watson, ages 10-14). The 2026 Newbery Medal winner. Told in a mix of verse and prose, it follows 13-year-old Sage after her best friend dies, as she learns that strength can grow from sorrow. Watch for: Heavy themes; preview for sensitive kids. Published 2025. 2. [Fireworks](https://www.slj.com/story/All-Blues-Sky-Renée-Watson-Wins-Newbery-Fireworks-illustrated-Cátia-Chien-Earns-Caldecott-2026-Youth-Media-Awards) (Matthew Burgess, illustrated by Cátia Chien, ages 3-7). The 2026 Caldecott Medal winner. Two children share a hot city summer day, and rhythmic words and pictures turn ordinary street scenes into joy, ending in a fireworks finale. 3. [How to Train Your Evil Robot](https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/joy-mccullough/how-to-train-your-evil-robot/print/) (Joy McCullough, Sourcebooks eXplore, ages 4-8). Out July 2026. A kid explains AI's pros and cons to a tiny robot that wants to rule the world, from smart maps and medical help to job changes and the power data centers use. Funny and balanced. 4. [The Amazing Generation](https://www.npr.org/2026/01/27/nx-s1-5686531/anxious-generation-jonathan-haidt-screen-time-amazing-generation) (Jonathan Haidt and Catherine Price, ages 9-12). A graphic, upbeat kids' companion to The Anxious Generation. A running comic follows friends through a school year of phones and social media, with challenges to try phone-free fun. Watch for: Strongly one-sided; read with your child and talk it through. 5. [The Future Book](https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/786624/the-future-book-by-mac-barnett-illustrated-by-shawn-harris/) (Mac Barnett, illustrated by Shawn Harris, ages 4-8). A picture book "written in the future" that imagines tomorrow's words, customs and colors. A playful way to talk with kids about how the world, and its technology, keeps changing. 6. [Robots Stole My Mum!](https://www.booktrust.org.uk/book-recommendations/booklists/best-childrens-books-august-2026/) (Alex Kirk, illustrated by Tim Wesson, ages 9-12). A BookTrust pick for August 2026. Two friends suspect robots are replacing the grown-ups in town and set out to stop a factory owner. Silly sci-fi that sparks real questions about machines. Watch for: UK publisher; may be easier to find as an import or ebook. 7. [Holomonsters](https://www.booktrust.org.uk/book-recommendations/booklists/best-childrens-books-august-2026/) (Lee Newbery, ages 9-13). Also on BookTrust's August list. Newt investigates when monsters from a video game start to seem frighteningly real. A good fit for gamers and a way into talks about what is real online. Watch for: Some scary moments for younger readers. 8. [When Tomorrow Burns](https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/702481/when-tomorrow-burns-by-tae-keller/) (Tae Keller, ages 10-13). From the Newbery-winning author of When You Trap a Tiger. Three middle schoolers search for a book that might save their lives as they face an uncertain future together. Watch for: Themes of fear about the future. 9. [Houdini's Library](https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/712436/houdinis-library-by-barb-rosenstock-illustrated-by-mar-delmar/) (Barb Rosenstock, illustrated by Mar Delmar, ages 5-9). A picture-book biography of the great escape artist as a devoted book collector. A fun reminder that curiosity and reading power even the flashiest careers. 10. [We Are Mighty](https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/786629/we-are-mighty-by-sharon-mcmahon-illustrated-by-susanna-chapman/) (Sharon McMahon, illustrated by Susanna Chapman, ages 6-10). A picture book about twelve real people from American history whose small acts of courage changed events. Good for building kids' sense that ordinary people shape the world. 11. [I, Rock](https://www.booktrust.org.uk/book-recommendations/booklists/best-childrens-books-august-2026/) (Eoin McLaughlin, illustrated by Mark Chambers, ages 3-7). A rock worries nobody will come to its three-billionth birthday. A funny picture book that sneaks in real geology facts, perfect before a nature walk. Watch for: UK publisher; check your library. 12. [Schoolbot 9000](https://www.schoollibraryjournal.com/review/schoolbot-9000) (Sam Hepburn, ages 9-12). A 2025 graphic novel about AI in a fifth grader's school life that School Library Journal called timely, engaging and funny, and highly recommended for grades 4-6. Good for reluctant readers. Watch for: Published July 2025, not 2026. ### The 9 best new learning games of 2026 2026 in review. The best learning games of 2026 did not feel like homework. They taught gardening and cooking without words, city planning on Roblox, matching and memory at the table, and history through a courtroom drama. Our picks are new this year or won a major 2026 award for families or learning. We favored games without ads, loot boxes or pushy upgrades, and we note when a subscription or platform comes with strings. Board games made the list on purpose: a card game played face to face teaches turn-taking and strategy no app can. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/best-new-learning-games-2026 Good to know: Check for in-app purchases, ads and loot boxes before downloading. Roblox and other platforms have open chat; turn on parental controls first. Apple Arcade games need a paid subscription but have no ads or in-app purchases. Ratings and ages are a guide. Play a round yourself. Board games teach turn-taking and patience that screens rarely do. 1. [Sago Mini Jinja's Garden](https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2026/06/apple-reveals-winners-of-the-2026-apple-design-awards/) (Sago Mini, ages 3-6). Released Jan. 8 on Apple Arcade and a 2026 Apple Design Award winner. Kids plant, harvest and cook in a cozy 3D garden with swipe controls and no reading needed. Tested with about 100 toddlers. Watch for: Needs an Apple Arcade subscription. 2. [Nick Jr. Replay!](https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2026/04/apple-arcade-brings-endless-family-fun-with-nick-jr-replay-on-may-7/) (Apple Arcade, ages 3-7). Arrived May 7 with dozens of classic Nick Jr. mini-games starring Dora, Blue's Clues and Team Umizoomi, covering early math, reading, art and problem solving. Watch for: Apple Arcade subscription; nostalgia-heavy, so try a few first. 3. [Mooki Island (Die Insel der Mookies)](https://www.spiel-des-jahres.de/en/games/die-insel-der-mookies-mooki-island/) (Florian Sirieix, Kosmos and Scorpion Masqué, About 15 euros (Oct 2026), ages 4+). The 2026 Kinderspiel des Jahres, Germany's top kids' game award. A 15-minute two-player card duel about collecting island creatures that builds counting and simple strategy as kids grow. Watch for: Check English availability; launched first in Europe. 4. [Dito!](https://www.spiel-des-jahres.de/en/dito-is-spiel-des-jahres-2026/) (Martin Ang, Game Factory, ages 8+). The 2026 Spiel des Jahres winner. A word association party game where you score by guessing what you have in common with others. Builds vocabulary and empathy at family game night. Watch for: Best for readers; younger kids can team up with an adult. 5. [Planet Planners on Roblox](https://playerthree.com/portfolio/planet-planners-on-roblox) (BBC Bitesize and Playerthree, Free, ages 11-14). Won Best Platform-Based Project at the 2026 Games for Change Awards. Players balance population, economy and environment while building a city, mapped to UK geography lessons for ages 11-14. Watch for: Roblox has open chat and in-game purchases; set parental controls first. 6. [The Darkest Files](https://www.gamedeveloper.com/press-release/games-for-change-announces-2026-award-winners) (Paintbucket Games, About $20 (Oct 2026), ages 12+). Best in Learning at the 2026 Games for Change Awards. Teens play a prosecutor in 1950s Germany, searching real-style files and interviewing witnesses to bring Nazi-era crimes to court. Watch for: Rated 12+; serious historical content. Released 2025. 7. [Lyla and Stu's Hairdos](https://pbskids.org/games) (PBS KIDS, Mighty Picnic and Curious Media, Free, ages 3-5). Won Best Alternative Game for preschool at the 2026 Kidscreen Awards. A free PBS KIDS game; PBS KIDS games are built with educators and carry no ads or in-app purchases. Watch for: Search for it in the PBS KIDS Games app or site. 8. [Odd Squad: Dicey Escape](https://pbskids.org/games) (PBS KIDS, Fred Rogers Productions and Sinking Ship, Free, ages 6-9). Won Best Alternative Game for kids 6+ at the 2026 Kidscreen Awards. Built on the math-solving Odd Squad series, with free play and no ads. Watch for: Search for it on PBS KIDS Games. 9. [LEGO Bluey](https://licensinginternational.org/news/2026-kidscreen-summit-award-winners-announced/) (StoryToys, LEGO, BBC Studios and Ludo Studio, ages 3-6). Best Mobile Game for preschool at the 2026 Kidscreen Awards. A LEGO-style building and play app set in the world of Bluey, from the kids' app studio StoryToys. Watch for: Check the store listing for in-app purchases. ### The 7 best podcast episodes and shows of 2026 on kids, learning and tech 2026 in review. If you only have a commute or a dishwasher's worth of time, these are the 2026 listens that explain the year best. Five are for grown-ups: a practical how-to on teens and chatbots, a sharp education interview, a deep dive on the Meta settlement and a weekly show that kept asking hard AI questions. Two are award-winning shows made for kids themselves. We picked episodes that give you something to do, not just something to worry about. Most run 20 to 45 minutes and are free in any podcast app. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/best-podcast-episodes-kids-learning-tech-2026 Good to know: Preview episodes on suicide, self-harm or addiction before sharing with kids. Podcast apps can autoplay the next episode; check what plays after. Advocacy-group shows have a point of view. Balance them with other sources. Kids' podcasts are a good screen-free swap, but still check ads in free feeds. 1. [Life Kit: Using AI chatbots can impact your teen's mental health. Here's what to do](https://www.npr.org/2026/04/02/nx-s1-5770481/using-ai-chatbots-can-impact-your-teens-mental-health-heres-what-to-do) (NPR, ages Parents). April 2, about 21 minutes. Reporter Rhitu Chatterjee talks with experts about why chatbots are risky for emotional support and how to raise the topic with a teen without starting a fight. Watch for: Mentions suicide; listen first before sharing with a teen. 2. [Your Undivided Attention: AI Is Breaking Education. Rebecca Winthrop Has the Blueprint to Fix It.](https://www.humanetech.com/podcast/ai-is-breaking-education-rebecca-winthrop-has-the-blueprint-to-fix-it) (Center for Humane Technology, ages Parents, teachers). March 5. The Brookings researcher behind 2026's big AI-in-schools "premortem" explains what is going wrong and her three-part plan for students to prosper, prepare and stay protected. Watch for: About 46 minutes; skeptical of edtech by design. 3. [The Screenagers Podcast: Kids Using AI Chatbots: The Risks Parents Can't Ignore](https://screenagersmovie.libsyn.com/kids-using-ai-chatbots-the-risks-parents-cant-ignore-encore) (Delaney Ruston, MD, ages Parents). Rebroadcast April 6. Natalie Foos of VoiceBox, lead author of a report on young people's relationships with AI chatbots, explains what kids actually do with companions. From the team behind Screenagers: Generation AI. Watch for: An encore of an earlier episode. 4. [The Daily: A Historic Settlement Over Social Media Addiction](https://www.goloudplayer.com/episodes/a-historic-settlement-over-social-media-addiction-605675) (The New York Times, ages Parents). Late August, 28 minutes. Why Meta settled with the states over teen addiction claims, what limits it accepted, and whether this starts a new era of accountability for Big Tech. Watch for: Full access may need a New York Times subscription in some apps. 5. [This Week with EdSurge: Are Preschoolers Too Young for AI?](https://tunein.com/podcasts/Technology-Podcasts/This-Week-with-EdSurge-p688290/) (EdSurge, ages Parents, teachers). Aug. 12. A weekly education show that spent 2026 on AI questions; this one asks how early is too early. Pair it with June 17's "Your Kids Know More About AI Than You Do" on starting with conversation, not rules. Watch for: Aimed at educators; some school jargon. 6. [Work It Out Wombats! podcast](https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/pbs-kids-producers-win-4-kidscreen-awards/) (GBH Kids, PRX and PBS KIDS, Free, ages 3-6). Won Best Podcast for preschool at the 2026 Kidscreen Awards. Audio stories from the PBS KIDS series about three wombat siblings who solve everyday problems step by step. 7. [Live From Mount Olympus](https://licensinginternational.org/news/2026-kidscreen-summit-award-winners-announced/) (Onassis Foundation and the TEAM, Free, ages 6-12). Won Best Podcast for kids 6+ at the 2026 Kidscreen Awards. Retells Greek myths for young listeners as dramatic audio stories. Screen-free and great for car trips. Watch for: Some myths include battles and monsters. ### The 12 best YouTube channels for learning in 2026 2026 in review. YouTube had a messy 2026. Advocates found cheap AI-generated videos, some teaching wrong facts, crowding into kids' feeds and YouTube Kids. That makes a short list of trusted channels more useful than ever. These creators and studios make real, carefully checked videos, from toddler songs to engineering builds and big science questions for teens. Subscribe to the ones that fit your child, turn off autoplay, and watch together when you can. YouTube's main app is for 13 and up; younger kids should use YouTube Kids or a parent-supervised account. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/best-youtube-learning-channels-2026 Good to know: AI-made videos with educational titles are common; stick to channels you trust. Turn off autoplay so one good video does not lead to ten random ones. YouTube's main app is 13+; use YouTube Kids or a supervised account for younger kids. Comments can be rough; they are off on content made for kids, but not everywhere. Creator channels often promote paid products; talk about ads with your kids. 1. [Ms Rachel](https://www.msrachel.com/) (Rachel Griffin Accurso, ages 0-4). Songs and speech practice for babies and toddlers, built on early-learning research. Over 21 million subscribers in 2026, two Children's and Family Emmy nominations and a debut album. Watch for: Pediatricians advise very little screen time under 18 months; watch together. 2. [Numberblocks and Alphablocks](https://www.learningblocks.tv/) (Blue Zoo / Blocks Universe, ages 3-6). Bright animated characters made of blocks that teach counting, early math and phonics. Short, clear episodes that line up with what kids learn in kindergarten. 3. [Bluey Official Channel](https://www.bluey.tv/) (BBC Studios and Ludo Studio, ages 3-7). Won Best YouTube Channel for preschool at the 2026 Kidscreen Awards. Clips, songs and games from the show that models imaginative play and kind family life. Watch for: Entertainment more than lessons, and lots of merch. 4. [PBS KIDS](https://pbskids.org/videos) (PBS KIDS, Free, ages 2-8). Free clips and episodes from shows built with educators, from Daniel Tiger to Odd Squad. Also streams on the PBS KIDS site and app with no ads. 5. [Art for Kids Hub](https://artforkidshub.com/) (Rob Jensen and family, ages 4-10). A dad draws step by step alongside his kids, from cartoon animals to holiday cards. Calm, encouraging and great for a rainy afternoon with paper and markers. 6. [Earth Rangers](https://www.earthrangers.com/) (Earth Rangers, ages 6-12). Won Best YouTube Channel for kids 6+ at the 2026 Kidscreen Awards. Animal and nature videos from a kids' conservation group that encourages small real-world missions. 7. [National Geographic Kids](https://kids.nationalgeographic.com/) (National Geographic, ages 6-12). Short animal, space and science videos with the photography Nat Geo is known for. The companion site adds games, quizzes and fast facts that help with school reports. 8. [Crash Course and Crash Course Kids](https://thecrashcourse.com/) (Complexly, ages 8-18). Fast, funny courses on everything from biology to media literacy, with over 17 million subscribers as of 2026. The Crash Course Kids spin-off covers elementary science. Watch for: Main Crash Course pace suits teens best. 9. [Mark Rober](https://www.crunchlabs.com/) (Mark Rober / CrunchLabs, ages 8+). The former NASA engineer's builds and experiments make engineering thrilling, with over 84 million subscribers. In 2026 he announced $60 million in free STEM lessons for schools. Watch for: Links push paid CrunchLabs build boxes. 10. [TED-Ed](https://ed.ted.com/) (TED, Free, ages 10+). Short animated lessons on history, science, riddles and big ideas, written with educators. Each lesson on the TED-Ed site adds quiz questions and ideas to dig deeper. 11. [MinuteEarth](https://www.minuteearth.com/) (MinuteEarth, ages 9+). Quick hand-drawn videos on why the natural world works the way it does, from animal behavior to climate. Clear, accurate and short enough for a snack break. 12. [Kurzgesagt - In a Nutshell](https://kurzgesagt.org/) (Kurzgesagt, ages 12+). Beautiful animated explainers on space, biology and the future, with sources listed for every video. A favorite for curious teens who like big questions and careful answers. Watch for: Some videos tackle death and existential topics. ### The 16 numbers that defined kids and AI in 2026 2026 in review. Big surveys and big settlements gave 2026 its numbers. They tell a clear story: almost every kid now uses AI, many parents have not talked about it, schools are scrambling to write rules, and the companies behind kids' apps paid record sums. Each number below links to its source, with the sample and date so you can judge it. Surveys measure what kids and parents report, which runs behind reality as use keeps growing. Use these as conversation starters with your kids, their teachers or other parents. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/numbers-that-defined-kids-and-ai-2026 Good to know: Surveys report what people say; real use is probably higher. Check the age range; teen numbers do not describe 6-year-olds. Settlement figures often depend on conditions and court approval. One study's average can hide big differences between schools. A number is a starting point for a talk with your kid, not a verdict. 1. [86%](https://www.commonsensemedia.org/press-releases/common-sense-media-releases-inaugural-annual-study-on-ai-use-by-tweens-and-teens) (Common Sense Media census, ages 9-17). Share of U.S. kids ages 9-17 who use AI, in Common Sense's first annual census of 1,204 kids (fielded March 2026). About 24% use it daily. 2. [44%](https://www.commonsensemedia.org/press-releases/common-sense-media-releases-inaugural-annual-study-on-ai-use-by-tweens-and-teens) (Common Sense Media census, ages 9-17). Share of kids who say a parent or guardian has never talked with them about using AI safely. The same share say their school never has. 3. [54%](https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2026/02/24/how-teens-use-and-view-ai/) (Pew Research Center, ages 13-17). Share of U.S. teens who have used chatbots for help with schoolwork, from Pew's survey of 1,458 teens and their parents, published Feb. 24, 2026. 4. [12%](https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2026/02/24/how-teens-use-and-view-ai/) (Pew Research Center, ages 13-17). Share of teens who have turned to a chatbot for emotional support or advice. Small as a share, but that is millions of teens confiding in software. 5. [1 in 10](https://www.eweek.com/news/teens-ai-chatbot-use-pew-survey/) (Pew via eWeek, ages 13-17). Teens who say they do all or most of their assignments with chatbot help, per Pew. Another 21% use it for some of their schoolwork and 23% for a little. 6. [62%](https://siliconcanals.com/t-american-students-ai-homework-critical-thinking-schoolwide-policy/) (RAND, reported by Silicon Canals). Share of U.S. students, middle school through college, using AI for homework by December 2025, up from 48% in May. 67% think more AI use will hurt critical thinking. Watch for: Secondary report of a RAND survey. 7. [38% vs. 27%](https://fosi.org/new-fosi-research-parents-are-underestimating-their-kids-digital-lives-especially-with-ai/) (Family Online Safety Institute, ages 10-17). Kids ages 10-17 who reported using AI in the past week, versus the share their parents believed had. A 2026 survey of 4,000+ U.S. and Australian families. 8. [31%](https://news.gallup.com/poll/708224/gen-adoption-steady-skepticism-climbs.aspx) (Gallup and Walton Family Foundation, ages 14-29). Share of Gen Z (ages 14-29) who say they feel anger toward AI, up from 22% a year earlier, in a spring 2026 Gallup survey. Weekly use held at about half. 9. [74%](https://news.gallup.com/poll/708224/gen-adoption-steady-skepticism-climbs.aspx) (Gallup and Walton Family Foundation). Share of students who say their school has introduced rules for AI use, up from 51% a year before. Rules arrived fast, but they vary widely between schools. 10. [80 out of 80](https://www.govtech.com/education/k-12/common-sense-media-deems-chatgpts-teen-mode-unsafe-for-students) (Common Sense Media via GovTech). Times ChatGPT finished a homework assignment after testers simply deleted the Study Mode prefix, in Common Sense's 2026 tests of ChatGPT for Teens using 4,000+ prompts. Watch for: OpenAI disputes the testing method. 11. [Over 25%](https://www.commonsensemedia.org/press-releases/common-sense-media-warns-against-ai-toy-companions-after-research-reveals-safety-risks) (Common Sense Media). Share of AI companion toy replies Common Sense judged inappropriate in January testing, including mentions of self-harm and drugs. Nearly 3 in 4 parents worry such toys will say something unsafe. 12. [50,000](https://oecd.ai/en/incidents/2026-01-29-5f44) (OECD AI Incidents Monitor). Children's chat logs that the AI plush toy maker Bondu left open to anyone with a Google login in January 2026, including names, birth dates and family details. 13. [4.7 million](https://abc11.com/post/social-media-platforms-removed-47-million-accounts-australia-banned-children/18416088/) (AP). Under-16 accounts that ten platforms restricted in Australia in the first weeks of the world's first national social media age ban, which began Dec. 10, 2025. 14. [Up to $18 billion](https://www.foxcarolina.com/2026/08/26/meta-reaches-17-billion-settlement-with-states-landmark-trial-over-teen-social-media-addiction/) (AP). Meta's August settlement with dozens of states over teen social media addiction, paid over 10 years, with new default time limits and age checks for teens. Watch for: First reported as $17 billion; part depends on TikTok and YouTube. 15. [About 4,600](https://www.hppr.org/2026-05-07/new-study-measures-whether-school-cell-phone-bans-actually-work) (NBER study via HPPR). Schools in the largest 2026 study of phone bans, which found an average effect on test scores close to zero, even as in-class phone use dropped sharply. 16. [35 + Puerto Rico](https://www.aiforeducation.io/ai-resources/state-ai-guidance) (AI for Education). U.S. states, plus Puerto Rico, with official guidance on AI in K-12 schools as of August 2026, per AI for Education. That leaves 15 states with none yet. ### 11 things to watch for in 2027 in kids and AI 2026 in review. A lot of 2026's fights were left half-finished. Congress has two different kids' online safety bills, California's AI toy pause begins on New Year's Day, Europe and the UK are writing age rules, and courts are still deciding whether age checks and chatbot lawsuits stand. Schools that took free AI deals will soon decide whether to pay. This list is what we are watching, why it matters for your family, and the date or signal to look for. We will update it as things move. Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/lists/kids-and-ai-things-to-watch-2027 Good to know: Dates for laws and rulings slip often; check before acting. New rules mostly cover teens; younger kids depend on your settings. Age checks can mean sharing ID or face scans. Ask how data is stored. Product changes from settlements roll out slowly and by region. 1. [KOSA vs. the KIDS Act](https://www.crowell.com/en/insights/client-alerts/house-advances-bipartisan-kids-online-safety-bill-but-senate-showdown-looms) (Crowell & Moring). The House passed the KIDS Act without a duty of care; the Senate's KOSA has one. Watch whether the two chambers settle on one bill or let it stall again. Watch for: Even a passed bill would take time to take effect. 2. [California's AI toy pause begins Jan. 1](https://www.lawcommentary.com/articles/newsom-california-ban-ai-chatbot-toys-kids-under-16) (California SB 867). Sales of companion chatbot toys for kids under 16 stop in California. Watch for court challenges, toy makers dropping chatbots, and whether other states copy the law. Watch for: Online sellers may still ship from elsewhere. 3. [Adam's Law and New York's chatbot rules](https://www.ibtimes.sg/california-ai-chatbot-law-what-adams-law-sb-867-mean-kids-93654) (California and New York). California's SB 1119 brings risk assessments, audits and parent alerts for chatbots used by minors in 2027. New York's companion and toy bills await final action. Watch for: Families gain a right to sue under California's law. 4. [Meta's new teen limits, and whether TikTok and YouTube join](https://www.foxcarolina.com/2026/08/26/meta-reaches-17-billion-settlement-with-states-landmark-trial-over-teen-social-media-addiction/) (AP). Watch for two-hour default limits and age checks on Instagram and Facebook, and whether rivals agree to similar terms, which unlocks part of the settlement money. Watch for: Defaults only help if teens are on teen accounts. 5. [Chatbot lawsuits head toward trial](https://www.hawaiitribune-herald.com/2026/06/02/nation-world-news/florida-becomes-first-state-to-sue-openai-over-child-safety-risks/) (Florida v. OpenAI and others). Florida's suit and family lawsuits over chatbot harm could force changes to how AI talks with minors. Watch for rulings on whether chatbots count as products. 6. [A safer ChatGPT for Teens, or not](https://www.commonsensemedia.org/articles/chatgpt-claims-to-have-a-safety-net-for-teens-we-watched-it-fail) (Common Sense Media). After its Unacceptable Risk rating, watch whether OpenAI fixes parent alerts and the Study Mode loophole, and whether Google, Meta and others face the same testing. Watch for: Retest results may differ by account type. 7. [The EU KIDS Act negotiations](https://commission.europa.eu/news-and-media/news/eu-kids-act-helping-children-navigate-safer-online-world-2026-09-17_en) (European Commission). Lawmakers and member states will debate the under-13 social media ban, parent-managed teen accounts and default-off AI companions. Global apps often apply EU rules everywhere. 8. [The UK's under-16 social media rules](https://www.dlapiper.com/en-ca/insights/blogs/mse-today/2026/uk-ban-on-social-media-for-under-16s) (UK government). Watch for the final rules after Ofcom's age-verification study, including which apps are covered, how ages are checked and whether overnight curfews make the cut. 9. [Age checks in app stores](https://www.hppr.org/hppr-news/2026-06-03/texas-app-age-verification-law-allowed-to-go-into-effect-for-now) (Texas and other states). Texas's app store age-check law is in force while courts weigh free-speech claims. A ruling could decide whether Apple and Google become the internet's age gate. Watch for: Expect more ID and face-scan prompts on family devices. 10. [Free teacher AI deals start to expire](https://www.eweek.com/news/anthropic-claude-for-teachers/) (Anthropic, OpenAI). Claude for Teachers sign-ups close June 30, 2027, and free ChatGPT for Teachers runs into 2027 or later. Schools will decide whether to pay, switch or drop AI tools. Watch for: Ask what happens to student data if the school switches tools. 11. [Better evidence on AI tutors](https://ideas.repec.org/p/nbr/nberwo/35620.html) (NBER researchers). 2026 trials found small gains and pointed to engagement as the bottleneck. Watch for peer-reviewed results and larger trials with younger kids before buying the hype. Watch for: Company-run studies are not the same as independent trials. ## The kids' software directory Products researched from their makers' own pages (web: https://peabody.kids/resources/software). - [1Password Families](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/1password-families) by AgileBits Inc. (1Password). Ages whole family; under 16 needs a parent's consent. Age rule: The privacy notice says the services are not intended for minors, and anyone under 16 may use them only with a parent's or legal custodian's consent; the family organizer is responsible for that consent when adding them. Paid: Families $5.99 a month billed yearly for 5 people, shown on sale at $4.49 a month with an extra first-year discount (USD, Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A good family password plan if you are willing to pay; Bitwarden is the cheaper option with a free tier. - [2 Hour Learning](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/2-hour-learning) by 2 Hour Learning (2HR Learning), the software behind Alpha School (WARNING). Ages grades K-12 (about 5-18). Age rule: Under 18 only with a parent's or guardian's involvement and consent, or at the direction of a school. For children under 13, the school or the parent gives COPPA consent. Paid: Price not public. It is sold through schools; reporting puts Alpha campus tuition at $10,000-$75,000 a year. Alpha Anywhere (at home) had new enrollment paused (Oct 2026).. Ads: unknown. Families drawn to fast, mastery-based learning should read the privacy policy first; anyone uneasy with webcam and screen recording of their child should skip it. - [3Doodler Start+](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/3doodler-start-plus) by 3Doodler (WobbleWorks). Ages 6+. Age rule: Terms set no age; the privacy policy says the website is not intended for anyone under 18. The pen is sold for ages 6+. Paid: Essentials set $59.99; filament refills from $14.99 for 75 strands (3Doodler store, Oct 2026). Ads: none. A fun, safe-by-design entry to 3D making for ages 6-10; kids who want precise models will move to a 3D printer. - [7 Billion Humans](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/7-billion-humans) by Tomorrow Corporation. Ages about 10 and up. Age rule: No terms of service from the maker; app stores rate it Everyone (Google Play) and 9+ (App Store). Buying it needs a store account held by a parent for younger kids. Paid: $14.99 on Steam; $4.99 on the App Store and Google Play, or included with Google Play Pass (USD, Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A great buy for puzzle-loving kids 10 and up who are ready to think like a programmer; younger children will do better with block-based coding games. - [99math](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/99math) by 99math (Estonia). Ages about 5-14 (grades K-8). Age rule: Not stated as a minimum age for student accounts. Parent and teacher accounts must be 18 or older; student accounts may be linked to a parent or teacher, and teachers who create them consent for the school under COPPA. Free, with paid extras: Free for teachers, schools and students (Oct 2026). An optional Premium account (weekly, monthly or lifetime) unlocks special content, and the terms also allow separate in-app purchases; prices were not shown on the pages we loaded.. Ads: none. A low-effort, free way for teachers to make fact practice lively; parents of kids who dislike timed competition may want a calmer tool. - [ABCmouse](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/abcmouse) by Age of Learning, Inc.. Ages about 2-6 (preschool to kindergarten). Age rule: Every account must have one adult user who is at least 18; children use it under that account. Paid: 30-day free trial, then $14.99 a month or $79.99 a year, renewing until canceled (Oct 2026); optional assessments add-on in the app ($3.99 a month).. Ads: none. A full preschool program for families who want one paid app; cancel carefully and watch the reward loop. - [ABCya](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/abcya) by ABCya.com LLC (a division of IXL Learning). Ages about 4-12 (pre-K to grade 6+). Age rule: ABCya sells only to adults. Anyone under 18 may use it only with a parent's or guardian's involvement and consent, or at a school's direction; registration features are for adults only. Free, with paid extras: Free with ads; Family plan $9.99 a month or $79.99 a year, up to 5 devices; Classroom plan $299 a year on the App Store (Oct 2026).. Ads: yes. Handy for quick grade-level practice in class or at home; skip if you want an ad-free experience without paying. - [Acorns Early (formerly GoHenry)](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/acorns-early) by GoHenry Inc. d/b/a Acorns Early (Acorns). Ages 6-18. Age rule: Anyone under 18 may use the website only to register with prior permission from a parent or guardian; parents open and run the account, and the child picks their own password. Acorns' own investing services are not for anyone under 18. Paid: Acorns Early Lite $8/month or Acorns Gold $12/month (adds kids' investing), auto-renewing (USD, Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A fair pick for families who want a kids' card with money lessons; compare the fee with Greenlight and BusyKid first. - [Adafruit Circuit Playground Express](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/adafruit-circuit-playground-express) by Adafruit Industries. Ages about 8+ with adult help. Age rule: No account needed for the board. Adafruit's terms say its projects are not intended for use by children; the free MakeCode editor needs no sign-in. Paid: $24.95 for the board (Oct 2026); cables, battery packs and cases sold separately.. Ads: none. A low-cost, flexible first electronics board for kids 8+ with a helper; kids who want a guided kit may prefer a subscription box. - [Adafruit Learning System](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/adafruit-learning-system) by Adafruit Industries. Ages about 10 and up with an adult. Age rule: Reading guides needs no account. Adafruit's terms say its projects are not intended for use by children and are used at your own risk. Free: Guides are free (Oct 2026); the parts for each project cost extra, usually bought from Adafruit.. Ads: none. A top free resource for families building electronics together; kids should not work through it alone. - [Adobe Express for Education](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/adobe-express-for-education) by Adobe. Ages grades K-12 through a school. Age rule: Users must be of legal age or have a parent's or guardian's consent; schools may give accounts to under-13s only under Adobe's K-12 Student Data terms. Free: Free K-12 license with Premium features (Oct 2026); paid Creative Cloud for Education licenses also include it. Ads: none. A good free option for schools that want design and AI in one tool and will set the admin controls; families cannot set it up for a young child on their own. - [Adventure Academy](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/adventure-academy) by Age of Learning, Inc.. Ages grades 3-8 (about 8-13). Age rule: Each account has one adult holder who must be 18 or older; children play as child users the adult sets up and is responsible for. Paid: The App Store lists $9.99 or $12.99 a month and $59.99 or $79.99 a year, often with a free trial (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. Good for kids who love online games and need a nudge toward school subjects; families wanting no social contact should set chat to off or choose a solo app. - [AI Duet](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/ai-duet) by Yotam Mann with Google Magenta and Creative Lab. Ages about 5 and up. Age rule: No account needed. Google's Terms apply: anyone under the age to manage their own Google Account needs a parent's or guardian's permission, and the parent is responsible for the child's use. Free: Free, no account (Oct 2026). Ads: none. Worth a few minutes in a music or AI lesson; not a tool for learning piano. - [AI Literacy Lessons for Grades K-12](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/common-sense-ai-literacy-lessons) by Common Sense Education. Ages grades K-12 (AI-specific lessons start in grade 6). Age rule: General terms apply to users 18+ or to a parent agreeing for a child under 13; Common Sense says it offers no accounts to children under 13. The lessons are teacher-led, so students need no account. Free: Free; optional free educator account (Oct 2026). Ads: none. A good free starting point for teachers and parents who want to talk about AI with middle and high schoolers; anyone wanting hands-on AI building should pair it with a project-based course. - [AI Unplugged](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/ai-unplugged) by Stefan Seegerer and Annabel Lindner (FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg). Ages about 10-18 (designed for lower and upper secondary; some activities adapt for primary). Age rule: Not stated. There are no accounts and no terms; the makers say the materials are online under a Creative Commons license. Free: Free downloads (Oct 2026). Ads: none. A strong free choice for teachers or homeschool parents who want kids to understand how AI learns without using AI tools; families wanting a ready-to-run app should look elsewhere. - [ALEKS](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/aleks) by McGraw Hill (ALEKS Corporation). Ages school-age students through college (K-12 and higher ed courses). Age rule: McGraw Hill terms say users must be adults (generally 18+); under-18s not in college need their school, parent or guardian to accept the terms for them, and McGraw Hill will not knowingly collect data from children under 13 without school or parent consent. Paid: Family subscriptions $19.95 for 1 month, $49.95 for 3, $99.95 for 6 or $179.95 for 12 months; auto-renew, no partial refunds; school pricing by order (USD, Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A rigorous, mastery-based option for motivated older students or homeschoolers; younger or easily bored kids may prefer something more playful. - [Algodoo](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/algodoo) by Algoryx Simulation AB. Ages about 8 and up. Age rule: Not stated in terms; the license agreement sets no age. The iPad app is rated 9+ on the App Store. Free, with paid extras: Free download for Windows and Mac; iPad app $7.99 on the App Store (Oct 2026). Donations welcome.. Ads: none. A great creative sandbox for curious kids and science classes; parents should supervise use of the public sharing site and forum. - [Amazon Kids Tablets (and Fire Kids tablets)](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/amazon-kids-tablets) by Amazon. Ages 3+ and 6+ versions. Age rule: Set up by an adult Amazon account holder; the child uses a child profile, which needs verifiable parental consent under COPPA. Google Play access is parent-managed with approval for each download. Paid: Amazon Kids Tablet 8 from $229.99, Kids Tablet 11 from $329.99, each with case and 1 year of Kids+ (Oct 2026); Kids+ then $7.99-$8.99 a month.. Ads: unknown. A reasonable first tablet if you want Amazon's controls plus real Android apps; families who want a tightly closed device may prefer a device without the Play Store. - [Amazon Kids+ and Parent Dashboard](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/amazon-kids-plus) by Amazon. Ages 3-12. Age rule: Bought by an adult on their Amazon account; kids use it through child profiles. Amazon requires verifiable parental consent before collecting personal information from children under 13. Paid: $7.99 a month for Prime members, $8.99 for non-Prime (Oct 2026); a year is included with Amazon Kids devices, then it auto-renews.. Ads: none. A good-value bundle for families already on Amazon devices with kids 3-12; skip it if your child mostly uses an iPad or a phone. - [AmblesideOnline](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/amblesideonline) by AmblesideOnline (volunteer advisory). Ages about 5-18 (Year 0 to Year 12). Age rule: Not stated: there are no user terms beyond a license agreement for using the curriculum, and no account is needed to read it. The support forum is a separate sign-up. Free: Free (Oct 2026); families buy or borrow the books, and some are free online.. Ads: none. A strong free plan for homeschool families drawn to Charlotte Mason and literature-rich learning; secular families or those wanting an interactive program should look elsewhere. - [America's Test Kitchen Kids](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/americas-test-kitchen-kids) by America's Test Kitchen (owned by Marquee Brands) (WARNING). Ages about 3-17 (preschool boxes were 3-5, Young Chefs' Club 6-12, plus teen cookbooks). Age rule: The main terms say users must be old enough to sign a binding contract (adults). A separate ATK Kids privacy policy says a child under 13 can send a question (ATK keeps the name and email only to answer, then deletes them), and newsletters for under-13s must be requested by a parent. Free, with paid extras: Kids' articles are free to read; kids' cookbooks list at about $22-23 each in the ATK shop (about $18 on sale, Oct 2026). Most other ATK content needs a paid ATK membership. The old club boxes started at $15.99-$24.99 a month but are no longer sold on ATK's shop.. Ads: unknown. Worth it today for the kids' cookbooks; families looking for the monthly Young Chefs' Club box should look elsewhere, since it no longer shows up on ATK's own shop. - [Amira Learning](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/amira-learning) by Amira Learning. Ages about 5-14 (school product; listed studies run from kindergarten to middle school). Age rule: Only educators can create accounts; students are enrolled by their school or district, which gives consent under COPPA's school exception. No public or family accounts. Through schools: School and district pricing, not public (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. Worth asking about if your child's school uses it; parents cannot buy it, so home users should look at family apps instead. - [Among Us](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/among-us) by Innersloth. Ages about 9-16. Age rule: You must be 18 or older, or have a parent or guardian's consent, to agree to the terms. Players who say they are under 13 (US) or under the local age of consent are put in Quick-Chat Mode with fixed phrases only, unless a parent gives verified consent for more. Free, with paid extras: Free on iPhone and Android with in-app purchases; $4.99 on Steam (Oct 2026). Cosmetics are sold in-game.. Ads: yes. A good family or friends party game in private lobbies; keep younger kids out of public lobbies. - [Animaker](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/animaker) by Animaker. Ages 18+ by its terms (teachers, older students with a parent). Age rule: Users must be of legal age (18 in most of the US). A parent may accept the terms for a minor linked to the parent's account. The privacy policy says it is not meant for under-13s but does not age-screen. Free, with paid extras: Free plan with a watermark. Paid plans from about $15-$25 a month billed yearly up to $43 or more; the site shows different prices on different screens (USD, Oct 2026). Renews automatically.. Ads: none. A tool for teachers making lesson videos, not for kids; families wanting a kids' animation app should look at Stop Motion Studio or FlipaClip instead. - [Animal Crossing: New Horizons](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/animal-crossing-new-horizons) by Nintendo. Ages about 6-14. Age rule: Nintendo's terms say anyone under 18 may use its services only with the supervision of a parent or guardian who agrees to the terms. Online visits need a Nintendo Switch Online membership and follow the Switch parental control settings. Paid: $59.99 for the game; Happy Home Paradise add-on $24.99 (Nintendo eShop, Oct 2026). Online play needs Nintendo Switch Online from $19.99 a year.. Ads: none. A calm, creative pick for younger kids; keep online visits to known friends. - [Animated Drawings](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/animated-drawings-meta) by Meta (FAIR research). Ages run by adults; drawings by kids about 3-10. Age rule: 18+ only. Users must be adults, may not let anyone under 18 use the demo, and must not live in or use it from Illinois or Texas. Free: Free (Oct 2026). Ads: none. A fun parent-run activity with a child's drawing if you read the consent screen and click Disagree unless you want the drawing in a dataset; skip if your child would use it alone. - [Anki](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/anki) by Ankitects Pty Ltd (AnkiWeb); AnkiDroid by volunteers. Ages about 12+ (self-directed learners). Age rule: AnkiWeb terms: if you are not old enough to agree to the terms, a parent or guardian must agree for you. No set minimum age. Free, with paid extras: Free on computers, web and Android; AnkiMobile for iPhone and iPad is a one-time $24.99 (Oct 2026). Ads: none. Excellent for older, motivated students who will build their own decks; too bare for most young children. - [AoPS Online](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/aops-online) by Art of Problem Solving (AoPS Incorporated). Ages grades 5-12 (about 10-18). Age rule: Under 18 may register only with a parent's or guardian's involvement and consent, or at the direction of a school. Paid: Live courses about $465-$835 each (roughly $30-$34 a lesson), short seminars from $155, books extra (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A strong fit for a child who loves hard math and wants contest prep; a child who is behind in math needs something gentler. - [Apple Messages and FaceTime (Communication Safety)](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/apple-messages-facetime) by Apple. Ages any age with a parent-made child account; teens 13-17. Age rule: Parents or guardians must create the Apple Account for children under 13 (age varies by country) inside Family Sharing. Communication Safety needs the child signed in with a Child Account in the family group. Free: Built into Apple devices at no extra cost (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. Worth turning on for any child with an iPhone or iPad; pair it with contact limits for younger kids. - [Apple Screen Time](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/apple-screen-time) by Apple. Ages any age under 18. Age rule: A child under 13 (age varies by country) needs a Child Account that a parent creates in Family Sharing after giving consent. The child cannot leave the family group until 13. Ask to Buy and Ask to Browse are on by default under 13; Limit Adult Websites is on by default under 18. Free: Free with Apple devices (Oct 2026); everyone in the family needs their own Apple Account.. Ads: none. The first stop for any family whose child uses an iPhone or iPad; it does nothing on Android or Windows. - [Apple Watch For Your Kids](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/apple-watch-for-your-kids) by Apple. Ages kids who don't have their own iPhone; no set age. Age rule: Set up by a parent from their own iPhone; a child under 13 gets a Child Account inside the parent's Family Sharing group, created with parental consent. Location is shared with the whole family by default when set up this way. Paid: Needs a GPS + Cellular Apple Watch (Series 4 or later; Apple suggests SE 3) plus a carrier plan. Apple lists the SE 3 GPS model at $249 new; cellular costs more (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. Good for iPhone families who want a phone alternative with strong contact controls; cheaper kids' watches exist if you only need calls and location. - [Arcademics](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/arcademics) by Arcademics. Ages about 6-14 (grades 1-8). Age rule: Not stated in terms. The privacy policy says it does not collect personal information from children under 13; any child account details (username, name, optional grade) come from the teacher or school. Free, with paid extras: Games are free to play, and Arcademics Basic accounts are free (Oct 2026). Arcademics Plus for families, classrooms and schools starts with a free trial; prices were not shown on the pages we loaded.. Ads: yes. Fine for quick fact-fluency races at school or home; families who want no ad tracking or who have a child anxious about speed should skip it. - [Arduino Education](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/arduino-education) by Arduino S.r.l. (owned by Qualcomm). Ages about 7-18+ (varies by kit). Age rule: Terms: under-18s may use Arduino's site and services only with a parent's or guardian's consent and supervision; a parent must consent before a minor's account is activated, and age may be verified. Accounts are tiered: Junior (under 14), Restricted (14-18) and Regular (18+). Paid: Arduino Starter Kit $110; Alvik robot $140 from the US store (Oct 2026). Classroom bundles and cloud plans priced separately.. Ads: none. A strong choice for schools and teens serious about electronics; younger kids or tight budgets may start with a micro:bit or Circuit Playground. - [Arduino UNO Q](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/arduino-uno-q) by Arduino. Ages about 13 and up with some coding experience. Age rule: The board has no age rule. Arduino's terms say under-18s may use its site and services only with a parent's consent and supervision; a parent must consent before a minor's account is activated, and under-18 accounts are restricted (Junior under 14). Paid: US store: $59 for 2 GB, $79 for 4 GB; EU store €59.90 and €82.90 (Oct 2026). Cables, power and webcam extra.. Ads: none. A good next step for teens who already know Arduino and want to add AI vision; true beginners should start with a classic UNO or a starter kit. - [Art for Kids Hub](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/art-for-kids-hub) by Art For Kids Hub (Rob and family). Ages about 4-12. Age rule: The membership terms say anyone registering must be at least 18. The privacy policy says accounts and purchases are for adults, and it does not knowingly collect data from children under 13. Free, with paid extras: Free on YouTube and the website with ads; membership $5.99 a month or $64.99 a year after a 7-day free trial (USD, Oct 2026).. Ads: yes. A great free start for kids who want to learn to draw; use the paid membership if YouTube's ads and autoplay worry you. - [Atom Learning](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/atom-learning) by Atom Learning Ltd (UK). Ages about 7-16 (UK Year 3 to GCSE). Age rule: Not stated in terms. A parent, school or tutor creates the child's account and confirms they have the needed consent. Free, with paid extras: Free to start; home plans £39.99, £59.99 or £69.99 a month, or about 20% less paid yearly (£383.90-£671.90 a year) (Oct 2026). Atom School is free for UK schools.. Ads: none. Useful for UK families set on the 11+ or GCSEs; families outside the UK or not chasing selective schools can skip it. - [Audacity](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/audacity) by Muse Group and contributors (open source). Ages about 10+. Age rule: No minimum age and no account needed; the privacy notice says Audacity has no age restrictions. Free: Free (Oct 2026). Optional paid plugins and cloud features from Muse Group's MuseHub and audio.com.. Ads: none. The standard free tool for a child recording a podcast or voice-over on a computer; tablet users should use GarageBand instead. - [Aura Parental Controls](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/aura-parental-controls) by Aura. Ages kids and teens. Age rule: Account holders must be 18 (or the age of majority); people 13-17 may use Aura only with a parent's permission and involvement. Parents add minor children to a plan. Paid: Kids plan $10 a month billed yearly or $13 monthly; Family plan (adds identity protection) $32 a month billed yearly or $50 monthly; 14-day free trial (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. Makes sense for families who already want Aura's identity protection; those who only need screen time limits can use free built-in tools. - [Autodesk Fusion (Education)](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/autodesk-fusion-education) by Autodesk. Ages about 14+ (high school and up). Age rule: You must meet Autodesk's minimum age (set in a separate document) and be an education user; minors who meet it must have a parent or guardian agree to the terms and supervise their use. Free: Free one-year education subscription, renewable while eligible; eligibility checked by SheerID (Oct 2026). A separate free personal-use license exists for non-commercial hobby work.. Ads: none. Worth it for high schoolers serious about engineering or 3D printing; younger makers should start with Tinkercad. - [AutoDraw](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/autodraw) by Google Creative Lab. Ages about 5 and up. Age rule: No account needed. Google's Terms apply: anyone under the age to manage their own Google Account needs a parent's or guardian's permission, and the parent is responsible for the child's use. Free: Free, nothing to download (Oct 2026). Ads: none. Handy for quick posters and class projects; skip it when the point is for kids to practice their own drawing. - [Babbel](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/babbel) by Babbel. Ages about 13+ (built for adults). Age rule: Under 13 may not create an account or use the services. Under 18 needs a parent's or guardian's permission to use the AI feature Babbel Speak, and live group classes require age 16+. Paid: 12 months for $107.40 (about $8.95 a month, against a $17.95 monthly reference price) or a one-time $299.99 lifetime plan (US, Oct 2026); live classes cost extra.. Ads: none. A solid choice for a motivated older teen; younger kids are not allowed and are better served by kids' apps. - [Babble Dabble Do](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/babble-dabble-do) by Ana Dziengel. Ages about 3-12. Age rule: Not stated; the site's terms of use set no age limit. Free: Free with ads (Oct 2026); paid printables on Teachers Pay Teachers; in-person camps in Los Angeles priced separately.. Ads: yes. Great for families and teachers who want craft projects with a design or science twist; an adult should pick and prep the projects. - [Bambu Lab A1 mini](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/bambu-lab-a1-mini) by Bambu Lab. Ages teens; younger kids with an adult. Age rule: Terms say you must be the age of majority to accept them; if not, a guardian must agree. The Bambu Handy app is rated 16+ on the App Store. Paid: $219 for the printer (Bambu Lab US store, Oct 2026); AMS lite combo and filament extra. Ads: none. A capable family 3D printer for teens or kids working with a parent; it is not a kids' product, and adults should own the account. - [BandLab (SongStarter, BandLab for Education)](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/bandlab) by BandLab Technologies (BandLab Singapore Pte Ltd). Ages 13+ on the public app; younger students only through BandLab for Education. Age rule: 13+ (16+ in Australia, Indonesia and Malaysia); under 18 needs a parent's or guardian's permission. Under 13 may not use the main service. For school accounts, BandLab for Education asks for COPPA consent forms. Free, with paid extras: Core studio free; Education free for schools; US App Store lists Membership at $14.99 a month or $149.99 a year, plus paid post 'Boosts' (Oct 2026). Ads: yes. BandLab for Education is a strong free pick for school music classes; teens can use the main app with a parent's okay, but younger kids should stay in the classroom version. - [Bark (app, Bark Phone, Bark Watch)](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/bark) by Bark Technologies. Ages kids and teens. Age rule: A parent or legal guardian 18 or older subscribes on the child's behalf and may register only their own children or legal dependents. Paid: App from $14 a month; Bark Watch $15 a month plan plus $12 a month for 24 months; Bark Phone plans from $29 a month plus $15-$25 a month for the device; Bark Home from $6 a month or $79 once (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. For parents who want alerts about serious risks on a teen's phone and will talk openly about it; families wanting simple limits can start with free built-in tools. - [BBC micro:bit](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/bbc-microbit) by Micro:bit Educational Foundation. Ages about 8-14. Age rule: The foundation asks children under 13 to get consent from a parent or whoever has parental responsibility when using its services; the tools need no account. Paid: Sold through resellers, not by the foundation; micro:bit Go pack $21.99 at a US reseller (Oct 2026); editors and CreateAI are free. Ads: none. One of the best-value ways for 8- to 14-year-olds to learn coding and simple machine learning, with privacy-first tools; very young children will need help. - [Be Internet Awesome: Interland](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/be-internet-awesome-interland) by Google. Ages about 7-12. Age rule: No sign-in is needed for any part of Be Internet Awesome, per its FAQ; the site falls under Google's general terms, which require a parent's permission for children under 13 who use Google accounts. Free: Free (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A good free starting point for online safety with kids 7-12, best paired with family talks since the game alone did not change behavior in testing. - [Be My Eyes](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/be-my-eyes) by Be My Eyes. Ages 18+ only. Age rule: Users must be at least 18 years old to use any of the services. Free: Free for blind and low-vision users (Oct 2026).. Ads: unknown. Useful for blind or low-vision adults, including parents; children should not use it, by the maker's own terms. - [Beanstack](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/beanstack) by Joyful Reading Company. Ages all ages; K-12 for schools. Age rule: Terms set no minimum age. The privacy policy says students using school single sign-on cannot enter personal information, and information from children under 13 submitted without parental consent will be deleted. Through schools: Libraries and schools pay; quotes only, with library pricing based on the population served (Oct 2026). Free for families whose library or school subscribes.. Ads: none. Worth using for your library's summer reading program; skip the streak pressure if it makes reading feel like homework. - [Beast Academy](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/beast-academy) by Art of Problem Solving (AoPS). Ages 6-13 (levels 1-5, roughly grades 1-5). Age rule: Under 18 may use it only if a parent or guardian has read and agreed to the terms for them. The privacy policy says public pages are meant for adults and it does not knowingly collect data from children under 13 except as COPPA allows. Paid: Online (USD, Oct 2026): $16 a month or $100 a year; $160 a year with a full level set of books. Printed books sold separately. School pricing on request.. Ads: none. A great fit for curious or advanced elementary kids and homeschoolers who enjoy a challenge; kids who need gentle catch-up practice should start elsewhere. - [Bedtime Math](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/bedtime-math) by Bedtime Math Foundation (nonprofit). Ages about 3-9. Age rule: The terms say you must be 13 or older to use the foundation's offerings; children under 13 may use them only with adult supervision, and 13-17 year olds need a parent to review the terms and give permission. The app is meant to be used by a parent with the child. Free: Free website and free iPhone/iPad app (Oct 2026); no Android app is listed.. Ads: none. A good pick for parents of 3-9 year olds who want a five-minute math chat at bedtime; families looking for an app a child can use alone should skip it. - [Bedtimestory.ai](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/bedtimestory-ai) by Bedtimestory AI. Ages about 3-8 (bedtime stories read by a parent). Age rule: Not stated in terms. The terms and privacy policy never mention age, children, or parental consent. Paid: $4.99, $9.99 or $19.99 a month (Oct 2026), all with unlimited stories; extra credit packs on top; payments are nonrefundable per the terms. Ads: unknown. Fine for a parent who wants quick custom bedtime stories and reads them first; families who want clear child-privacy promises should look elsewhere. - [Bee-Bot and Blue-Bot](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/bee-bot-blue-bot) by TTS (RM Educational Resources). Ages about 3-7 (Blue-Bot also used into Key Stage 2). Age rule: No user account or age rule: TTS terms are sales terms for buyers, and TTS says its Bee-Bot and Blue-Bot apps request or handle no personal data. Paid: Bee-Bot £67.99 ex VAT; Blue-Bot £87.99 ex VAT (TTS UK, Oct 2026). Ads: none. A proven, privacy-light first robot for ages 3-7; older kids will outgrow it quickly. - [BeReal](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/bereal) by BeReal SAS. Ages 13+. Age rule: You must be a real person at least 13 years old; depending on where you live, a parent or guardian may also need to consent if you are under the local age of consent. Free: Free (Oct 2026); no in-app purchases.. Ads: yes. A lower-pressure social app for teens 13+ with real-life friends; younger kids should wait. - [Birdbuddy (AI bird feeder)](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/birdbuddy) by Bird Buddy Inc.. Ages family use; kids with a parent's account. Age rule: Store terms set no age; the privacy policy says products are not intended for under-16s and it collects their data only with a parent's explicit consent. Free, with paid extras: Nook $99; Home $219; Family Premium $98.99 a year after one free month (photos, video and livestream free; automatic species ID needs Premium) (Oct 2026). Ads: unknown. A fun family science gadget for bird-curious kids if parents accept the subscription and default model training; skip it if you want an offline camera. - [BirdNET](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/birdnet) by Cornell K. Lisa Yang Center for Conservation Bioacoustics and Chemnitz University of Technology. Ages about 9 and up with a parent. Age rule: Not stated in the app's privacy policy or the site's legal notice; we found no separate terms of use. App Store rating 4+. Free: Free (Oct 2026); funded by research grants and donations.. Ads: none. A good pick for a curious older child with a parent who is comfortable sharing recordings for science; Merlin is friendlier for beginners. - [Bitsy](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/bitsy) by Adam Le Doux. Ages about 9-16. Age rule: No age rule: the editor needs no account and its code is released under the MIT license. Posting games on itch.io or joining the forum falls under those sites' own rules. Free: Free (Oct 2026); runs in the browser at make.bitsy.org.. Ads: none. A lovely first game-making tool for story-minded kids; those who want action games should move to GDevelop or Scratch. - [Bitwarden Families](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/bitwarden-families) by Bitwarden, Inc.. Ages 13+. Age rule: Users must be 13 or older; Bitwarden does not allow users under 13 and will close the account of any user under 13 found without parental consent. Users outside the US must follow their country's higher minimum age if there is one. Free, with paid extras: Free basic plan; Premium $19.80 a year; Families $47.88 a year ($3.99 a month) for up to six users (USD, Oct 2026).. Ads: none. The best value for families with teens 13 and up; younger kids are not allowed on their own accounts. - [Blender](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/blender) by Blender Foundation (open source). Ages about 12+. Age rule: Not stated; Blender is free GPL software with no account, and the website says no registration or internet is needed to use it. Free: Free forever under the GPL (Oct 2026); funded by donations and Development Fund memberships. Blender 5.2.3 LTS; macOS version needs Apple silicon.. Ads: none. Ideal for a motivated teen who wants to learn real 3D; younger kids should start with Tinkercad. - [Blipblox](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/blipblox) by Playtime Engineering. Ages 3+ (safety-certified; built for all ages). Age rule: Store terms say you must be the age of majority, or have let your minor dependents use the site; the instrument has no account. Paid: SK2 or After Dark $219; myTRACKS $349 (Blipblox store, Oct 2026). Ads: none. A lasting music-making toy for families who will use it across ages; parents wanting a cheap first instrument can start smaller. - [Blob Opera](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/blob-opera) by David Li with Google Arts & Culture. Ages about 4 and up. Age rule: No account needed. Google's Terms apply: anyone under the age to manage their own Google Account needs a parent's or guardian's permission, and the parent is responsible for the child's use. Google Arts & Culture also lists its Generative AI Additional Terms, which add any age limits shown for a service. Free: Free, no account (Oct 2026). Ads: none. A delightful five-minute music toy for any age; not a music course. - [Blockly Games](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/blockly-games) by Neil Fraser (open source, built on Google's Blockly). Ages about 8-14. Age rule: Not stated; the site has no terms of service or account. Free: Free and open source (Apache 2.0) as of Oct 2026.. Ads: none. A quick, free warm-up for kids about 8-14 before Scratch or Python; not a full course. - [Bloom Library](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/bloom-library) by SIL Global. Ages mostly early readers; some books for adults (health, farming). Age rule: Terms set no age. The privacy notice says the parts that need personal information (logging in to upload books) are meant for adults, and it does not knowingly collect information from children under 13. Free: Free; supported by donations to SIL Global (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A standout for families reading in a home or heritage language; parents should filter by topic, since religious and adult titles mix with children's books. - [Bluebook](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/bluebook) by College Board. Ages grades 8-12 (about 13-18). Age rule: Not stated in the Bluebook policy or College Board's student legal terms; the terms say a parent or guardian acting for a student is also bound by them, and the privacy statement says College Board handles data about under-13s only to provide programs they request. Free: The app and its practice tests are free (Oct 2026); the real SAT, PSAT and AP exams it delivers have their own fees, often paid by schools.. Ads: none. Every student taking the digital SAT, PSAT or AP Exams should practice in it; families should read the monitoring rules before installing it on a personal laptop. - [Bondu](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/bondu) by Bondu (WARNING). Ages about 4-8. Age rule: Terms say you must be at least 18 (or the age of majority) to use the products and services; a minor may use them only with the authorization, consent and supervision of a parent who keeps an active account. Paid: $199 on sale (list $299.99) in Oct 2026 with one free month of bondu+; bondu+ then from $19.99 a month (more talk time, 50+ languages, insights); base plan includes 30 hours of play a month. Ads: none. A cautionary tale: the parent controls are real, but full chat histories were once open to anyone, so families should weigh that before giving a young child an AI friend that records everything. - [Boogie Board Scribble Pals](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/boogie-board-scribble-pals) by Buffalo Games (Boogie Board brand). Ages 3+. Age rule: Store terms say buyers must be the age of majority and may let minor dependents use the services on devices they own; the board itself has no account. Paid: $12.99 (Buffalo Games store, Oct 2026). Ads: none. A cheap, data-free doodle toy for preschoolers on the go; older kids will want a bigger board. - [Book Creator](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/book-creator) by Book Creator (part of Kami). Ages about 4-18. Age rule: Depends on account type: schools and teachers must have authority to bring in students; a parent buying for a child under 18 must give verifiable consent; general accounts are for adults over 18. Free, with paid extras: Free for one teacher library of 40 books; paid plan about $14 a month or $150 a year per teacher (US, Oct 2026); school and district licenses by quote. Ads: none. A strong fit for teachers who want kids to author multimedia books themselves; not a tool for AI-generated stories. - [Book Dash](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/book-dash) by Book Dash (South African nonprofit). Ages about 0-6. Age rule: Not stated; the site has no terms of use or privacy policy that we could find, and no account is needed to read. Free: All books free to read, download and print under a CC BY 4.0 license (Oct 2026); printed copies can be bought separately.. Ads: none. A fine free source of diverse picture books, especially for families who speak South African languages; parents wanting an interactive reading app should look elsewhere. - [BOOK IT! Summer of Stories](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/book-it-summer-of-stories) by Pizza Hut, LLC. Ages PreK-grade 6 (about 4-12). Age rule: The terms of use do not state an age; the program is for PreK-6th graders and is run by teachers or parents, who enroll the child. Kids must be present to redeem the pizza. Free: Free (Oct 2026); limit five pizza certificates per family per month, one per eligible child. US only for the app; Canada promised for 2027.. Ads: yes. Fine for families happy with a pizza reward to kick-start a summer reading habit; parents who don't want food brands in their kids' reading should skip it. - [Bookshare](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/bookshare) by Benetech (nonprofit). Ages all ages (PreK-12 students through adults). Age rule: Members need a qualifying print disability. For students under 18, a parent or legal guardian must complete registration, and under-18 members cannot open books marked as adult content. Free: Free for US students with a qualifying disability (funded by the US Department of Education); non-student adults pay a yearly fee (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A free, practical library for US students with a documented print disability; families without that need should use a public library app instead. - [Boost Reading](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/boost-reading) by Amplify Education, Inc.. Ages grades K-5 (about 5-11). Age rule: School-only. For children under 13, Amplify relies on the school to consent on the parent's behalf under COPPA. Through schools: School pricing, not public (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. Worth asking about if your child's school uses Amplify CKLA or mCLASS; families cannot buy it on their own. - [Botley the Coding Robot](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/botley-coding-robot) by Learning Resources. Ages about 5-9 (grades K-3). Age rule: No account or online service. Listings give ages 5 and up. Paid: $85.99 at reseller STEMfinity (Oct 2026); Learning Resources' own site blocked our fetch and Amazon showed no price; a newer Botley 2.0 is also sold. Ads: none. A good first coding toy for kindergarten to second grade, especially for families avoiding screens; kids already coding on tablets may find it too simple. - [Brainly](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/brainly) by Brainly. Ages grades 7-12. Age rule: Children under 13 may not sign up themselves; they may use Brainly only through a child account a verified parent creates under a Brainly Parent plan, with COPPA consent. Free, with paid extras: Paid plans with a 30-day money-back guarantee; prices not shown on the pages we loaded (Oct 2026). Ads: yes. May suit teens who want structured homework practice and parents who want a human in the loop; ad tracking and public posting are drawbacks for younger children. - [BrainPOP (and BrainPOP Jr.)](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/brainpop) by BrainPOP. Ages about 5-14 (K-8+). Age rule: Registering an account requires a parent's or guardian's supervision if you are a minor. Schools using it for students must be authorized to act for parents or have their consent. Paid: School plans by quote. Family app subscriptions: BrainPOP $15.99 a month or $129.99 a year; BrainPOP Jr. $14.99 a month or $119 a year; combo $19.99 a month or $159.99 a year (App Store, Oct 2026).. Ads: none. Excellent when a school provides it; families paying alone should try the free sneak peek first. - [Brainscape](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/brainscape) by Brainscape. Ages all ages; most useful about 10+. Age rule: Open to users of all ages; children under 13 need parental consent. Free, with paid extras: Free basic; Pro $7.99 a month, yearly option offered; group licenses for schools (Oct 2026). Ads: none. A clean, ad-free flashcard choice for students who can read and self-study; little here for young children. - [Brawl Stars](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/brawl-stars) by Supercell. Ages about 10-16 (App Store 13+). Age rule: No general age limit. Anyone under the age of majority needs a legal guardian to review and agree to the terms. Players who say they are under 16 (or the local age) get limited access to chat, social and some notification features unless a parent consents. Free, with paid extras: Free to download; in-app purchases range from $0.99 to $99.99 in US app stores, including random items (Supercell, Oct 2026).. Ads: unknown. Fine for tweens whose phone blocks purchases; skip if a child struggles with spending pressure or time limits. - [Brickit](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/brickit) by Brickit Inc.. Ages about 5-12. Age rule: The privacy policy says the app is not directed to children under 13 and asks parents using it with kids not to provide children's personal information; the App Store rates it 4+. Free, with paid extras: Free; Brickit Pro $6.99 a month or yearly plans listed from $34.99 to $79.99; Brickit for Classes iPad app $79.99 one-time (App Store, Oct 2026). Ads: unknown. A clever, low-risk way to reuse a LEGO pile when a parent runs the app; the classroom version suits schools better than the social main app. - [Brightwheel](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/brightwheel) by Brightwheel. Ages mostly 0-5, plus school-age kids in camps and afterschool programs. Age rule: Accounts are for providers and parents or guardians. The privacy policy says the service is not directed to children under 16 and Brightwheel does not knowingly collect personal information from them directly; children's details are entered by the program. Paid: Programs pay; pricing is custom by quote. Parents use the app free; tuition and fees are set by the program (Oct 2026).. Ads: unknown. Useful if your child care uses it; check the photo and marketing settings, since the privacy policy reads like a general commercial app's. - [Brilliant](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/brilliant) by Brilliant Worldwide, Inc.. Ages about 10-18 and adults (grade 5 to college). Age rule: Under 18 must use it with a parent's supervision and consent, and a parent must accept the terms for them. Children under 13 may use it only after Brilliant has verifiable parental consent under COPPA. Free, with paid extras: Premium (USD, Oct 2026): individual $45 a month, or $30 a month billed yearly ($360); family plan with 6 seats $60 a month, or $40 a month billed yearly ($480). Limited free access.. Ads: none. A strong pick for motivated middle and high schoolers who like puzzles, if the price fits; younger kids and families wanting free tools should look elsewhere. - [Brisk Teaching](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/brisk-teaching) by Brisk Teaching. Ages grades K-12 (students through school). Age rule: Users must be 18 or have ongoing permission from a parent or their school. Students under 18 use it through their school and must follow school rules; a parent who lets a child use it accepts the terms for the child. Free, with paid extras: Free for teachers; Premium for schools and districts at custom pricing (not public, Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A low-cost, privacy-minded helper for teachers; parents may want to ask whether essays get teacher comments or only AI comments. - [Britannica Kids](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/britannica-kids) by Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc.. Ages PreK-12. Age rule: Parents grant permission and accept the terms for a child's subscription; Britannica asks to be told if a child under 16 uses it without parent permission. The privacy notice says Britannica services are not directed to minors under 16. Paid: $8.99 a month or $74.95 a year after a 7-day trial; family bundle with Britannica Premium $99 a year (Oct 2026). Schools license it separately.. Ads: none. A trustworthy paid encyclopedia for homework; check whether your school or library already provides it before subscribing. - [Buddy.ai](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/buddy-ai) by Buddy.ai. Ages about 3-8. Age rule: Only an adult of legal age can accept the terms and pay; a parent or legal guardian who lets a minor use it must give consent and keep the child's use under their control. Free, with paid extras: Free trial, then $12.49 a month, $29.99 for 6 months or $49.99 a year when bought on the website; App Store prices are higher, $14.99 to $19.99 a month (US, Oct 2026).. Ads: none. Engaging speaking practice for preschoolers learning English; privacy-minded parents should skip the recording consent or delete data regularly. - [Busuu](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/busuu) by Busuu Limited (owned by Chegg, Inc.). Ages 13+. Age rule: 13+ only; the service is not intended for children under 13. Free, with paid extras: Free account; the App Store lists Premium plans from $6.99 to $23.49 a month and $70 to $139.99 a year (Oct 2026).. Ads: unknown. A fair choice for a teen studying a language who wants speaking practice; younger kids need a different app. - [BusyKid](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/busykid) by BusyKid. Ages kids and teens (chores are preset by age). Age rule: You must be at least 18 to register and hold the family account; anyone under 18 may not register. Kids use profiles inside the parent's account, and BusyKid gets verifiable parental consent before collecting information about children under 13. Paid: $48 a year, billed annually, for up to five cards; no refunds on annual subscriptions. Card fees and a 2.9% + $0.30 charge for card funding may apply (USD, Oct 2026).. Ads: yes. A good-value chore and card app for families who want a weekly allowance routine; skip it if you only need a chore chart. - [C-Pen Reader](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/c-pen-reader) by C-Pen (sold in the US by Scanning Pens). Ages school-age readers and adults. Age rule: Not stated; it is a device with no account, and the seller's terms set no age. Paid: Reader 3 $449 and Reader 2 $399 before tax from Scanning Pens US (Oct 2026); class packs and quantity discounts.. Ads: none. Worth a look for a child with dyslexia who reads paper books and worksheets; ask the school first, since many lend them. - [Cambly Kids](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/cambly-kids) by Cambly Inc.. Ages about 4-15. Age rule: Main Cambly site is 18+. Under-18s may use only Cambly Kids, after a parent gives verifiable consent and sets up a child sub-account. Free, with paid extras: Free games, quizzes and workbooks after sign-up; live-lesson subscription prices are shown only after a parent signs up (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. Helpful for children learning English as a new language who need speaking practice; parents should sit in on early calls and read the recording terms. - [Camp Snap](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/camp-snap) by Camp Snap Ltd. Ages school-age kids and up (CampLock aimed at younger photographers). Age rule: Store terms say you must be the age of majority, or have let your minor dependents use the site; the camera itself has no account. Paid: Camp Snap 2 $69.99 (Camp Snap store, Oct 2026). Ads: none. A good no-screen camera for kids who should focus on taking pictures; families who want instant viewing or prints should look elsewhere. - [Canopy](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/canopy) by Netspark Inc. (doing business as Canopy). Ages for parents of kids and teens (about 6-17). Age rule: The service is for adults who install it on a child's device; it is not meant to be used by children under 13 themselves. Buyers must be over 13, and 13-17s must read the terms with a parent. Paid: Essential $8.33 a month (1 device), Plus $9.99 a month (3 devices), Premium $12.50 a month (up to 10 devices), billed yearly; 7-day trial and 30-day guarantee (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A strong option for parents of a child's first phone who want explicit content filtered; parents of older teens should weigh the trust cost of this much monitoring. - [Canva for Education (Magic Studio)](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/canva-for-education) by Canva. Ages grades K-12 through a teacher. Age rule: Children under 13 may use Canva only through Canva Education, invited by a teacher; teachers must get any needed parent consent first. Students must be enrolled and supervised by a teacher. Free: Free for K-12 teachers, their students and qualifying schools and districts (Oct 2026). Ads: none. A solid, free choice for school design projects when teachers set the AI controls; not for under-13s at home. - [Canvas LMS](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/canvas-lms) by Instructure. Ages grades K-12 and college. Age rule: Canvas has no age limit of its own for school use: the school creates student accounts and, under Instructure's COPPA policy, the school gives consent for children under 13. The acceptable-use policy says students must follow the rules of whoever gave them access. Through schools: Sold to schools, districts and colleges; pricing not public (Oct 2026). The Student and Parent apps are free downloads but need a school account.. Ads: none. Parents do not pick Canvas, but if your school uses it, install the Parent app and ask which outside tools are connected to your child's courses. - [CapCut](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/capcut) by ByteDance (Bytedance Pte. Ltd.). Ages 13+ (teens). Age rule: 13 or older only. Users 13 to 17 (or under the local age of majority) may use it only with a parent's or guardian's consent, and the parent should go over the terms with them. Free, with paid extras: Free plan with basic tools and free templates. Pro $19.99 a month or $179.99 a year; Ultra $79 a month or $900 a year (USD, Oct 2026). The site says prices shown are for reference only. Paid plans renew automatically.. Ads: yes. A strong free editor for teens 13+ with a parent's OK; families who care about data and ads, and anyone under 13, should pick iMovie or another tool. - [Casio Moflin](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/casio-moflin) by Casio. Ages Marketed to adults; not designed for children. Age rule: Casio's Moflin privacy notice says the MofLife app is not aimed at or intended for children under 18; the App Store rates the app 13+. Paid: $429 (Casio US store, Oct 2026). Ads: none. An adult comfort gadget that families might share, but parents should know Casio does not intend the app for children and it teaches nothing. - [Cboard](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/cboard) by Cboard (Comunicacion Aumentativa Chile SpA). Ages all ages (children and adults who need AAC). Age rule: No minimum age. The terms say minors (generally under 18) need permission from, and direct supervision by, a parent or guardian, who must read and agree to the terms first. Free, with paid extras: Free plan with ads; Pro $8 a month or $79 a year adds neural voices, voice recording on tiles, sharing, analytics and no ads (Oct 2026). Ads: yes. A low-cost way for families and therapists to try AAC on existing devices; families who need a fully supported, ad-free system funded through insurance may prefer a dedicated AAC product. - [CENTURY](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/century-tech) by CENTURY-TECH Limited (UK). Ages about 6-16 (KS1 to GCSE), plus post-16. Age rule: Subscribers must be 18 or older; under-18s use it through a parent, guardian, tutor or school account. Consent is retaken at age 13. Paid: Home learning from £8.33 a month on an annual plan; entrance-exam prep from £20.66 a month on an annual plan; schools by quote (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A sensible home or school add-on for UK families; families outside the UK curriculum will find less fit. - [Character.AI](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/character-ai) by Character Technologies, Inc. (WARNING). Ages 18+ for open chat; 13-17 limited to guided formats. Age rule: Terms (Aug 2025): do not sign up if you are under 13, or under 16 in the EEA or UK. Since November 2025 the company says users under 18 can no longer use open-ended chat, enforced with age checks. Free, with paid extras: Free; c.ai+ paid subscription (price not on a page we could load); subscriptions stay active during bankruptcy (Oct 2026). Ads: unknown. Skip it for children and teens; it is a cautionary tale about AI companions, and its future is uncertain. - [ChatGPT](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/chatgpt) by OpenAI. Ages 13-17 in the teen experience; adults. Age rule: 13 or older (or the minimum age in your country); under 18 needs a parent's or guardian's permission. Not for children under 13. Free, with paid extras: Free; Go $8, Plus $20, Pro from $100 a month (Oct 2026); free ChatGPT for Teachers for verified US K-12 teachers through June 2027. Ads: yes. Most teens will meet it anyway, so link a parent account and turn on Study Mode; families wanting a tutor that never gives answers should look at a purpose-built one. - [ChessKid](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/chesskid) by Chess.com, LLC. Ages about 4-14. Age rule: Minors need a parent or guardian to read and consent to the terms. Kids pick an auto-generated username; a parent's email is optional for free accounts, and buying Gold with a card serves as verified parental consent. Free, with paid extras: Free basic play; Gold $14 a month, $29 for 3 months or $59 a year (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. The safest way for kids to play chess online; budget for Gold if your child gets serious. - [Childbook.ai](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/childbook-ai) by Childbook.ai (operated from Poland). Ages made by adults; books aimed at about 2-8. Age rule: Adults only: the service is intended for adults, and a parent, guardian or business user must manage any content involving children, including permission to use a child's photo. Paid: Hobby $19, Premium $29, Business $99 a month, two months off yearly (Oct 2026); printing and shipping extra. Ads: unknown. For parents or teachers making custom picture books; a child should not use it directly. - [Chrome Music Lab](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/chrome-music-lab) by Google. Ages about 4 and up. Age rule: No account needed. Google's Terms apply: anyone under the age to manage their own Google Account needs a parent's or guardian's permission, and the parent is responsible for the child's use. Free: Free, no account (Oct 2026). Ads: none. A safe, free first stop for music play at any age; look elsewhere if you specifically want AI music tools. - [Circle (Circle Home Plus)](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/circle-home-plus) by Circle Media Labs (an Aura company) (WARNING). Ages whole household. Age rule: You must be 18 or older to register for Circle Services. Paid: No longer sold on Circle's site as of Oct 2026; Circle now points buyers to Aura's Kids plan ($10 a month billed yearly).. Ads: none. Do not buy new hardware; owners can keep using it while it works, and new buyers should look at Aura or router-level filters like CleanBrowsing. - [Civic Online Reasoning](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/civic-online-reasoning) by Digital Inquiry Group. Ages about 11-18 (middle school to college). Age rule: No student accounts; teachers sign up for a free account to download materials. The privacy policy says the group does not knowingly collect personal information from minors under 16. Free: Free lessons and assessments; donations welcome (Oct 2026). Ads: none. Among the stronger free options for teaching teens to check what they read online; parents wanting a self-paced app for kids will need to adapt it. - [CK-12 (with Flexi AI tutor)](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/ck-12) by CK-12 Foundation (nonprofit). Ages about 6-18 (grades 1-12). Age rule: Users must be 18 (or the local age of consent) or have a parent or guardian agree to the terms for them; under-18s are Child Users whose parent is responsible for their use. The privacy policy treats under-13s (up to 16 by country) as children and seeks parent consent when it learns a child wants to use it. Free: Free for students, parents and teachers (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. Useful free study help for middle and high schoolers with an adult checking in; parents who don't want an AI chatbot or AI training on their child's input should look elsewhere. - [Clash Royale](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/clash-royale) by Supercell. Ages about 9-16 (App Store 9+). Age rule: No general age limit. Anyone under the age of majority needs a legal guardian to review and agree to the terms. Players who say they are under 16 (or the local age) get limited access to chat, social and some notification features unless a parent consents. Free, with paid extras: Free to download; in-app purchases range from $0.99 to $99.99 in US app stores, including random items (Supercell, Oct 2026).. Ads: unknown. A real thinking game for strategy-minded tweens; lock in-app purchases on the phone first. - [ClassDojo](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/classdojo) by ClassDojo, Inc.. Ages about 4-14 (preschool through middle school). Age rule: Anyone under 18 needs a parent, guardian or school staff to allow use and agree to the terms. Children under 13 get a Student Account only through a teacher (acting for the parent under COPPA) or a parent; an Outside School Child Account must be set up by a parent. Free, with paid extras: Free for teachers and families for messaging, points and class story. ClassDojo Plus is an optional family subscription with a 7-day free trial; the price is shown in the app, not on the website (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. Handy for families whose teacher already uses it; parents can stick with the free core and skip the paid extras. - [ClassLink LaunchPad](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/classlink-launchpad) by ClassLink, Inc.. Ages grades K-12. Age rule: School-only; student accounts come from the school's rosters. ClassLink keeps cell numbers only for students 13 and older. Through schools: School pricing, not public (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. Parents do not pick it, but should ask their district whether the selfie login is turned on and how photos are stored. - [Claude](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/claude) by Anthropic. Ages 18+ (adults). Age rule: 18 or older (or the age of consent where you live, whichever is higher). Anthropic says it does not knowingly collect data from anyone under 18 and works to detect and remove them. Free, with paid extras: Free; Pro $20 a month or $17 a month billed yearly ($200); Max from $100 a month (Oct 2026). Ads: none. A tool for parents and adult students, not for children; families wanting a teen chatbot need one whose terms allow teens. - [CleanBrowsing](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/cleanbrowsing) by CleanBrowsing. Ages whole household. Age rule: Not stated in terms. Free, with paid extras: Free family filter; Basic family plan $8.99 a month or $75 a year for up to 25 devices (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A cheap, private base layer for a home network; pair it with device controls for phones that leave the house. - [Clever](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/clever) by Clever Inc.. Ages grades K-12. Age rule: School-only; the school registers and sets up student accounts. Clever's privacy policy has a separate section for children under 13. Through schools: Core tools listed free for schools; app makers pay Clever to connect. Paid extras include live training from $500 a session and consulting at $1,200 (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. Parents do not choose it, but it is worth knowing which apps your district connects through it. - [Code & Go Robot Mouse Activity Set](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/code-and-go-robot-mouse) by Learning Resources. Ages about 4-8. Age rule: No account, app or terms of service; it is a toy. The listing gives the manufacturer's recommended age as 4 to 8 years and markets it for ages 4+. Paid: $70.35 on Amazon on 24 Oct 2026 for the rechargeable set (model LER2872); one other retailer lists $99.99. USD.. Ads: none. A good first coding toy for ages 4-7 who learn best with their hands; older kids who already code on a screen can skip it. - [Code Club](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/code-club) by Raspberry Pi Foundation (UK charity). Ages about 9-13 (school-aged). Age rule: No account needed to join a club or use the projects. For an optional Raspberry Pi Foundation account, under-13s need a parent or guardian to sign up with their email; 13+ can sign up alone. Free: Free to join and to run (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A proven, free way for kids 9-13 to learn coding with others; families without a local club can use the same projects at home. - [CodeAI (formerly Code.org), incl. Hour of AI](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/codeai) by CodeAI (nonprofit, formerly Code.org). Ages grades K-12. Age rule: Children under 13 can try most tutorials without an account, but progress is not saved. Some labs (App Lab, Game Lab, Web Lab) are allowed for under-13s only in class with teacher approval. Depending on where they live, under-13s may need a parent's approval to make an account; teachers can create student accounts. Free: Free (Oct 2026); funded by donations.. Ads: none. A dependable free starting point for classrooms and families; check the outside organization's rules before using any Hour of AI activity not made by CodeAI. - [Codecademy](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/codecademy) by Codecademy LLC. Ages 16+. Age rule: 16+ only; under 18 needs a parent or guardian to review and agree to the terms. Younger students only through a school that gets consent. Free, with paid extras: Basic free; Plus $14.99 a month billed yearly or $29.99 monthly; Pro $19.99 a month billed yearly or $39.99 monthly (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A good next step for a motivated 16- or 17-year-old; younger kids need a coding tool built for them. - [CodeCombat](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/codecombat) by CodeCombat Inc.. Ages about 6-18 (K-5 Junior, then grades 6-12). Age rule: No age line found in the terms we could load. The privacy policy says it follows COPPA: parents give consent for under-13s by creating their child's account, and teachers can consent for students. Free, with paid extras: Free levels and free teacher/student accounts; Premium home access $14.99 a month or $149 a year (Oct 2026). Live online classes cost extra.. Ads: none. A good fit for game-loving kids about 9 and up who are ready to type code; parents should decide whether they want generative AI included before buying Premium. - [CodeHS](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/codehs) by CodeHS, Inc. (also owner of Tynker). Ages grades K-12 (mostly middle and high school). Age rule: Under 18 needs a parent or guardian to agree to the terms. Children under 13 may share personal data only through a school, district or teacher that has parent consent; a parent can also sign a child up. Free, with paid extras: Free tier (CodeHS Free); CodeHS Pro for schools and districts by quote; homeschool courses sold to families, often with ESA funds (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A strong school choice for teens learning to code; families can use it for homeschool courses. - [CodeMonkey](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/codemonkey) by CodeMonkey Studios Inc.. Ages about 5-14 (grades K-8). Age rule: Children under 13 may need a parent's or guardian's consent to use the service and may not get all features. Parents or schools create children's accounts. Paid: Home plans (Oct 2026): 1 child US$7/month billed yearly or US$10/month billed quarterly; family of 3 children US$12/month yearly or US$18/month quarterly; homeschool from US$20/month for 5 students. Free trial.. Ads: unknown. A good paid option for kids 7-12 ready to type simple code; families on a budget can try free tools first. - [codeSpark (Begin Learning)](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/codespark) by Begin (Conscious Content Media, Inc.). Ages 3-10. Age rule: Only a parent or legal guardian may hold the account; the terms say the services are not designed for anyone under 18, and children use the app under the parent's account. Paid: 7-day free trial, then monthly or annual subscription; the US App Store lists codeSpark Academy enrollments from $7.99 to $99.99 (Oct 2026). The maker's page shows no price before the trial.. Ads: none. A well-made first coding game for ages 3-7; families should set a reminder before the free trial renews and compare with free ScratchJr. - [CommonLit](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/commonlit) by CommonLit (nonprofit). Ages about 8-18 (grades 3-12). Age rule: CommonLit does not knowingly let children under 13 use it without a parent's express consent, unless a school consents for the parent for classroom use as COPPA allows. Students normally join through a teacher's class. Free: The text library and 360 curriculum are free for teachers and students (Oct 2026). Paid school plans list about $3,800 to $12,800 per school per year, with district quotes.. Ads: none. A strong free choice for teachers wanting good reading passages with questions; parents looking for a home reading app for young kids should look elsewhere. - [Conceptis Puzzles](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/conceptis-puzzles) by Conceptis Ltd.. Ages about 8 and up (needs logic and patience). Age rule: The terms say that by registering you confirm you are 13 or older; under-13s who want to register should ask a parent to register and use the account under the parent's approval. No account is needed for the free starter puzzles. Free, with paid extras: Free starter puzzles and free apps; website credits cost $4 for 200 up to $80 for 7,500 (USD), and app puzzle packs are about $2.99-$4.99 each (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A good ad-free choice for older kids and teens who love Sudoku-style logic; young kids who want quick, colorful games may find it too dry. - [Connections Academy](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/connections-academy) by Pearson. Ages grades K-12. Age rule: A parent enrolls the child. The platform terms forbid collecting personal information from anyone under 18 without verified parental consent. Availability depends on your state. Free: Tuition-free in states with a partner school; families pay for supplies, internet and optional trips. In states without one, Pearson points families to its paid Pearson Online Academy (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. Worth a look for families who need school at home and have an adult free to coach; families expecting it to match a good local school should read the research first. - [Construct 3](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/construct-3) by Scirra Ltd. Ages about 11-18. Age rule: The website terms do not state an age. The privacy policy says you must be at least 16 to create a personal account without a parent's or guardian's consent; in schools, students can use access codes with no account at all. Free, with paid extras: Free edition (50 events); personal license $129.99 a year; business $469.99 per seat a year; education seats from $32.99 down to $12.99 each a year, minimum 3 (construct.net, Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A good classroom pick for 2D game making; families may find the free limit too tight and the yearly price steep. - [Contexto](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/contexto) by Daydash Games Ltda (Brazil). Ages about 10 and up. Age rule: Not stated in the terms of service; the App Store lists the app as 4+. Free, with paid extras: Free with ads; a paid Daydash Pass removes ads across Daydash games for 3, 6 or 12 months, sold through Paddle (price shown at checkout, not on a public page, Oct 2026). 14-day refund.. Ads: yes. A fun vocabulary puzzle for teens and word-loving older kids if parents are fine with ads; families avoiding ad tracking should skip the free version. - [Coolest Projects](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/coolest-projects) by Raspberry Pi Foundation. Ages up to 18. Age rule: The online showcase is open to young creators up to 18; an adult must register anyone under 13, and over-13s may register themselves. Free: Free to enter online and at in-person events (Oct 2026). The 2026 online showcase is closed; entries reopen in January 2027.. Ads: none. A good, low-pressure goal for kids who already code or build; beginners should start with a course first and enter later. - [Coolmath Games](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/coolmath-games) by Coolmath.com LLC. Ages 13+ (per terms), though popular with younger kids. Age rule: 13 and older. The terms say the site is for users 13+ and send under-13s to its sister site Coolmath4Kids. Under-18s need a parent to buy a subscription. Free, with paid extras: Free with ads; optional auto-renewing Premium subscription for ad-free play (price not shown on the public pages we loaded, Oct 2026).. Ads: yes. An okay free logic-games site for teens; parents of under-13s should note it is not built for them and uses tracking ads. - [CoolMath4Kids](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/coolmath4kids) by Coolmath.com LLC. Ages about 5-12. Age rule: No terms of use page found. The privacy policy calls the site suitable for children of all ages and asks for no names or contact details; Coolmath Games' terms direct children under 13 to this site. Free: Free; supported by ads (Oct 2026).. Ads: yes. A safer, more math-focused choice than Coolmath Games for under-13s; families wanting ad-free or tracked progress should look elsewhere. - [Course Hero](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/course-hero) by Course Hero, Inc. (Learneo, Inc.). Ages 13+ (aimed at college students). Age rule: 13+ (or the local minimum age); users aged 13-17 need a parent's or guardian's permission. Free, with paid extras: The App Store lists subscriptions from $14.99 to $109.99 and document unlock packs from $14.99 for 5 to $44.99 for 20 (Oct 2026).. Ads: yes. Not a good fit for most teens; parents should treat it as an answer source that can undercut real learning. - [Coursera](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/coursera) by Coursera, Inc.. Ages about 13+ (built for adults). Age rule: No one under 13 may use it. Users must also be able to form a binding contract with Coursera; the terms do not describe a parent-consent route for teens. Free, with paid extras: Free preview of the first module of many courses; single courses $49-$79 a month; Coursera Plus $59 a month (7-day free trial) or $399 a year (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. Worth it for a self-driven older teen chasing one specific skill or certificate; younger kids and casual learners should look elsewhere. - [Cozi Family Organizer](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/cozi-family-organizer) by In Tandem Families (OurFamilyWizard). Ages whole family; kids about 8+ can use it with a parent. Age rule: The terms say any user under 13 must have a parent or guardian register the account, give consent and provide the child's contact details. The privacy policy separately says Cozi does not knowingly let anyone under 16 provide personal information. Free, with paid extras: Free with ads. Cozi Gold is $39 on the web or as an in-app purchase; the page does not state the billing period (Oct 2026).. Ads: yes. A simple, proven family calendar; families with young kids should keep the account in a parent's name given the mixed age rules. - [Crash Course (and Crash Course Kids)](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/crash-course) by Complexly. Ages about 13-18 (Crash Course Kids about 8-11). Age rule: No terms of its own; viewing happens on YouTube, whose rules apply. Under-13s should watch through a parent-set-up supervised YouTube account or a parent's device. Free: Free on YouTube (Oct 2026); optional Patreon support and a merch store.. Ads: unknown. Great for teens reviewing for class; younger children should watch Crash Course Kids on a supervised account. - [Crayola crafts](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/crayola-crafts) by Crayola, LLC (Hallmark). Ages about 3 and up (each craft lists an age). Age rule: The terms of use do not state an age. The privacy policy says the site is for a general audience and Crayola does not knowingly collect personal information from anyone under 13. Free: Free to browse (Oct 2026); the crafts call for craft supplies, often Crayola products.. Ads: none. Handy for parents and teachers hunting for a quick holiday or rainy-day craft; nothing here for a child to use alone online. - [Crayola free coloring pages](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/crayola-free-coloring-pages) by Crayola, LLC (Hallmark). Ages about 2 and up. Age rule: The terms of use do not state an age. The privacy policy says the site is for a general audience and Crayola does not knowingly collect personal information from anyone under 13. Free: Free to download and print (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A quick, free source of printables for young kids; parents should do the photo uploads themselves. - [Cricut Joy 2](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/cricut-joy) by Cricut. Ages 13+ (Cricut says not for children 12 and younger). Age rule: Cricut says Joy 2 is not intended for use by children 12 and younger; its privacy policy says it does not knowingly collect data from children under 13. The terms state no age. Free, with paid extras: Joy 2 $99 (seen at $89.10 on sale); Cricut Access $9.99 a month or $95.88 a year, or $14.99 a month or $119.88 a year with 20 or 200 monthly credits (Oct 2026). Ads: none. A family craft tool for teens or parent-led projects; it is not built for young kids to use alone. - [CrunchLabs](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/crunchlabs) by CrunchLabs LLC (Mark Rober). Ages 6-10, 8-13 and 14+ by box. Age rule: Store terms: the buyer must be of legal age, or of legal age and consenting for minor dependents to use the site. The privacy notice says some features are for children and may need verifiable parental consent under COPPA. Paid: Build Box and Creative Kit $27.45-$32.95 a box (from $329.40 a year prepaid); Hack Pack $66.65-$79.95 a box, six boxes a year ($399.95 prepaid) as of Oct 2026.. Ads: none. A strong pick for kids who love Mark Rober's videos and building things; families wanting deep coding should weigh Hack Pack's price against a plain Arduino kit. - [CS Unplugged](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/cs-unplugged) by Computer Science Education Research Group, University of Canterbury (New Zealand). Ages about 5-14. Age rule: Not stated; the site has no terms of use or accounts, and the content is free under a Creative Commons license. Free: Free and open source under CC BY-SA 4.0 (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A great free pick for teachers and homeschool parents who want screen-free computing lessons; kids who want to start coding right away need a separate tool. - [CS50's Introduction to AI with Python](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/cs50-ai) by Harvard University (CS50). Ages strong teens (about 15+) and adults. Age rule: The free course page sets no age, but submitting work needs an edX account and GitHub, and both require users to be at least 13. Free: Free with a free CS50 certificate (Oct 2026); paid edX verified certificates and Harvard credit options exist.. Ads: none. A serious, free course for motivated teens who already code in Python; not for beginners or younger kids. - [Cubetto+](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/cubetto) by Primo Toys (MORAVIA). Ages about 3-6. Age rule: Not stated in terms; the toy needs no account or app, and the store is run by MORAVIA. Paid: Cubetto+ Playset $269.99 at MORAVIA Education's US store (Oct 2026); maps and books extra. Ads: none. A strong choice for parents of 3- to 6-year-olds who want coding play with no screens and no data; older kids will want something more open. - [Curio plush (Grem, Grok, Gabbo)](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/curio-plush) by Curio Interactive. Ages about 3-12. Age rule: Terms (last updated Nov 2023) say you must be over 18 and the company does not permit anyone under 18 to use the service. The privacy policy says children use the toy through a parent, with verifiable parental consent under COPPA. Paid: $119 per plush (list $150), 2 or more for $199 (Oct 2026); free chat and baseline features always included, with optional paid extras. Ads: none. One of the more careful AI plush toys on paper, but it is still an open chatbot for small children; suits parents who will read transcripts, while families who want no AI conversations should skip it. - [Curipod](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/curipod) by Curipod. Ages grades K-12. Age rule: Students under 18 do not make accounts; they join with a PIN from their teacher. Students over 18 may create accounts as their school directs. Free, with paid extras: Free for teachers with weekly writing sessions; school, district and curriculum-aligned plans by quote (not public, Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A sensible choice for classrooms that want more writing with quick feedback and a teacher in the loop; not a home product. - [Dash](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/wonder-workshop-dash) by Wonder Workshop (now MORAVIA Education). Ages about 6-11. Age rule: Terms say you must be of legal age to form a contract, or, if a minor, have a parent's permission and the parent agrees to the terms for you. Paid: Dash $189.99 (raised from $179.99); Make Wonder STEM Home $125; Make Wonder free tier for up to 35 students (Oct 2026). Ads: none. A dependable coding robot for ages 6-11 with clear privacy promises; families wanting no screens should look at Cubetto or KIBO. - [Day of AI](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/day-of-ai) by Day of AI (nonprofit, founded through MIT RAISE). Ages grades pre-K-12. Age rule: Not stated in terms. Only teachers register; students do not need accounts for the lessons. Free: Free for educators, schools and districts (Oct 2026); materials under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license.. Ads: none. A solid free choice for teachers who want structured AI lessons at every grade; parents looking for an app a child can use alone should look elsewhere. - [DeepLearning.AI](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/deeplearning-ai) by DeepLearning.AI. Ages about 13+ (built for adults). Age rule: Not for anyone under 13. The terms do not set other limits for teens; the privacy section says it does not knowingly collect data from under-16s. Free, with paid extras: Free plan with all course videos; Pro $30 a month billed monthly or $300 a year (listed at $50 a month before discount) adds labs, certificates and projects (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. Great for a teen coder who wants to build with AI; non-coders and younger kids should start elsewhere. - [Desmos (and Amplify Classroom)](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/desmos) by Desmos Studio PBC; classroom lessons by Amplify Education. Ages about 10-18 for the calculators; grades K-12 for Amplify Classroom lessons. Age rule: The terms set no age for independent use, but the privacy policy says the service is not directed to children under 13 in the US (under 16 in the UK and EU) unless a school has collected parent consent or a parent contacts Desmos to approve. The simple calculators collect no personal data and are open to anyone. Schools must get verifiable parent consent for students under 13. Amplify Classroom is for K-12 students using it as directed by a school or teacher under Amplify's acceptable use policy. Free: Calculators and Amplify Classroom lessons are free (Oct 2026). Desmos Professional is a separate paid product for business use.. Ads: none. Every middle and high schooler should know the calculator; younger kids get more from the teacher-led Amplify Classroom activities than from the tools on their own. - [Diffit](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/diffit) by Diffit, Inc.. Ages grades K-12 (teacher tool). Age rule: Teacher-only: users must be 18 or older and plan to use it for teaching. Children under 18 may not create accounts. Free, with paid extras: Free Basic plan (keeps content from the last 90 days); individual teacher plan $14.99 a month or $149.99 a year (USD, Oct 2026); school and district plans by quote.. Ads: none. A helpful, low-risk tool for teachers and homeschool parents preparing reading at several levels; there is nothing here for a child to use alone. - [Discord (Family Center, teen-by-default)](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/discord) by Discord Inc.. Ages 13+. Age rule: You must be at least 13 and meet the minimum age in your country. Discord says its services are not designed for or directed to under-13s, and a parent who lets a minor use it accepts the terms for them. Free, with paid extras: Free (Oct 2026); Nitro is an optional paid subscription (price not shown on the page we loaded).. Ads: yes. Workable for teens 13+ who mainly chat with real-life friends, with Family Center on; too open for younger children. - [Discover Summer](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/discover-summer) by National Summer Learning Association (nonprofit). Ages parents of K-12 kids. Age rule: Not stated; there are no terms of use and no accounts. NSLA's only privacy policy covers its conference app and says that app is not for anyone under 18. Free: Free (Oct 2026); linked camps and programs set their own prices.. Ads: none. A quick starting point for parents planning a low-cost summer; kids get nothing from it directly. - [Discovery Education Experience](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/discovery-education-experience) by Discovery Education. Ages grades K-12. Age rule: Only for users authorized under a school or district subscription, for educational, non-commercial use; student details come from the school. Through schools: District subscription, pricing not public (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A solid teacher resource library; parents will see it only through school, and it is a supplement rather than something to judge a child's learning by. - [Discovery Education Virtual Field Trips](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/discovery-education-virtual-field-trips) by Discovery Education, Inc.. Ages grades K-12 (each trip lists grades). Age rule: The website terms say you must be at least 13 to register on DiscoveryEducation.com; the field trips are meant to be shown by a teacher or parent. Free: Free (Oct 2026); Discovery Education's main classroom platform is a paid school subscription.. Ads: none. A useful free extra for teachers and homeschoolers, with an eye on who sponsored each trip; kids looking for hands-on learning will want more than video. - [DIY.org (ChatDino, game builder)](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/diy-org) by DIY (AstroSafe family). Ages about 8-18 (the maker says 8 to 18). Age rule: Users must be of legal age or have a parent's permission; a parent gives consent when a child registers, and DIY collects a parent email before any child data, per its COPPA policy. Paid: 7-day free trial, then $12.99 a month or $79.99 a year (Oct 2026); ChatDino alone also offers $4.99 a week. Ads: none. Suits kids 8 and up who want to make and share games with a parent watching the portal; skip if you want kids learning to code by hand. - [DLTK's Crafts for Kids](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/dltk-crafts-for-kids) by DLTK's Inc. (family-run, Canada). Ages about 2-8. Age rule: Not stated in the terms of service; the terms allow personal, non-commercial use by families, schools, daycares and camps. Free: Free with ads (Oct 2026); visitors with ad blockers are asked to allow ads or pay per page through Google's Contributor service.. Ads: yes. A handy free printables source for parents of preschoolers who don't mind ads; families wanting an ad-free site should look elsewhere. - [DoodleMaths](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/doodlemaths) by Doodle Learning (Discovery Education Europe). Ages about 4-14 (EYFS to KS3). Age rule: Child accounts must be created by a parent/guardian or a school; Discovery Education's policy says children 13 and under cannot make their own accounts. Paid: UK family prices (Oct 2026): one child £7.99 a month or £69.99 a year for DoodleMaths with DoodleTables; all four apps £12.99 a month for one child or £16.99 a month for 2-6 children; 7-day free trial that renews unless cancelled; schools by quote.. Ads: none. A reasonable paid daily-practice app for UK-curriculum families who want short sessions; skip it if you want proof from independent studies or a free option. - [DragonBox](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/dragonbox) by Kahoot! (Kahoot DragonBox AS). Ages about 4-14 (Numbers from 4; Algebra 12+ for older kids). Age rule: Not stated as a minimum age. The DragonBox School terms say children are not independent users and parents or schools are responsible for their use. The consumer apps run on Kahoot!'s terms and privacy notice, which treat US children under 13 (under 16 elsewhere) as Children and collect only a hashed email from a child's own account. Paid: Free to download but the apps need a Kahoot! Kids subscription: $5.99 a month or $36 a year (USD, Oct 2026, Kahoot's price page). The App Store also lists a $19.99 one-time purchase.. Ads: none. A good pick for families who want playful, self-paced math puzzles on a tablet and don't mind a subscription; skip it if you want free tools or a full curriculum. - [DreamBox Math](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/dreambox-math) by Discovery Education (formerly DreamBox Learning). Ages about 5-14 (grades K-8). Age rule: An individual must be 18 or older to register an account; a parent or guardian can then add child users under 18. School accounts are set up by the school. Paid: Home plans (USD, Oct 2026): individual $12.95 a month, $59.95 for 6 months, $99.95 a year or $250 for 10 years; family $19.95 a month, $99.95 for 6 months, $149.95 a year or $325 for 10 years. Free trial. Schools list $30 per student a year, site licenses from $7,900 (per Evidence for ESSA).. Ads: none. A well-tested choice for K-5 math at school or home; families who want free practice or older-grade content may look elsewhere. - [DREME Family Math](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/dreme-family-math) by DREME Network (Stanford University). Ages about 0-8 (focus on preschool). Age rule: Not stated. No accounts; the site is written for adults who care for or work with young children. Stanford's general site terms apply. Free: Free (Oct 2026). Ads: none. A useful free idea bank for parents of toddlers and preschoolers who want to weave math into daily life; families after a structured app or curriculum should look elsewhere. - [Duck Duck Moose apps](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/duck-duck-moose) by Duck Duck Moose, LLC (part of Khan Academy). Ages about 2-10. Age rule: Not stated in terms (no terms page found). The privacy policy says the website and apps comply with COPPA and do not knowingly collect personal information from children under 13. Free: Free (Oct 2026); Khan Academy, a nonprofit, accepts donations.. Ads: none. Fine free picks for toddlers and preschoolers, but families wanting a maintained, all-in-one app may prefer Khan Academy Kids. - [Ducksters](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/ducksters) by Technological Solutions, Inc.. Ages about 8-14. Age rule: Not stated in the terms of use. The site is made for kids, collects no names or passwords, and is certified by the kidSAFE Seal Program. Free: Free with ads (Oct 2026).. Ads: yes. A handy free starting point for elementary and middle school homework, best paired with a library source. - [Duolingo](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/duolingo) by Duolingo, Inc.. Ages about 10+ (children under 13 get a restricted mode). Age rule: Not stated in the terms. The privacy policy lets children under 13 (US) create accounts as Child Users with a username instead of an email, a parent's email collected later, and limited social features. Free, with paid extras: Free with ads; Super Duolingo on the US App Store is listed at $9.99 or $12.99 a month and $83.99 to $119.99 a year (Oct 2026). Free trial converts to paid.. Ads: yes. A fine free habit-builder for tweens and teens learning a language; younger kids are better served by Duolingo ABC or a kids' app. - [Duolingo ABC](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/duolingo-abc) by Duolingo, Inc.. Ages about 3-8 (preschool to grade 2). Age rule: Designed to be set up by a parent, who enters the child's age; the child needs no account and no personal information. Duolingo's general terms state no age. Free: Free (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. One of the safest free phonics apps for preschool and kindergarten; kids reading chapter books are past it. - [DWARF Mini Smart Telescope](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/dwarf-mini-smart-telescope) by DWARFLAB (Tinyphoton (Wuhan) Technology Co.). Ages about 8-adult (with an adult). Age rule: Website terms say you must be the age of majority, or be of age and consent to your minor dependents using the site. The privacy policy says its sites, products and services are not directed to children under 13. Paid: $419 USD on the maker's US store (Oct 2026); tripod and accessories extra. Ads: none. A strong fit for a family that wants to photograph the night sky together with little setup; families wanting kids to learn to find stars by hand should start with binoculars or a manual telescope. - [Easy Peasy All-in-One Homeschool](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/easy-peasy-all-in-one-homeschool) by Lee Giles (Easy Peasy All-in-One Homeschool). Ages preschool-grade 8 (about 4-14); high school on a sister site. Age rule: Not stated; there are no formal terms. The FAQ says it is a curriculum resource, not a school, keeps no records, and that the parent is responsible for the child's schooling. Free: Free (Oct 2026); runs on donations, with optional printed books and printables sold in the EP Store.. Ads: yes. A strong free option for homeschool families comfortable with a Christian worldview and supervising web use; secular families or those wanting a closed, ad-free platform should skip it. - [EasyEDA](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/easyeda) by JiaLiChuang (HongKong) Co., Limited (JLC group). Ages about 13+. Age rule: 13 or older in the US (16 in the EU); younger users need a parent's or guardian's permission, and the parent must agree to the terms. Free: Free to use (Oct 2026); boards and parts ordered through JLCPCB and LCSC cost money.. Ads: yes. A practical free tool for teens ready to design real circuit boards; beginners should start with Tinkercad Circuits. - [eBird](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/ebird) by Cornell Lab of Ornithology. Ages 13+ (a family can log together on a parent's account). Age rule: 13+. Cornell Lab's terms cover eBird and say that if you are under 13, do not use or access the services. Free: Free (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A strong fit for serious teen birders or a parent's family account; younger kids will enjoy Merlin more. - [Echo Dot Kids (with Alexa+)](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/echo-dot-kids) by Amazon. Ages 3-12. Age rule: Amazon requires verifiable parental consent (card code or SMS code) before Amazon Kids on Alexa is turned on; it is set up from a parent's Alexa app. Paid: Price not shown on a maker page I could load; includes 1 year of Kids+, then $7.99-$8.99 a month (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. Fine for bedtime stories and quick questions if parents check and delete recordings; skip it if a microphone in the bedroom bothers you. - [Edison robot](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/edison-robot) by Microbric (Edison). Ages 4-16 (maker's range). Age rule: Not stated in terms; Edison's privacy policy says optional app accounts collect a name and email only to save programs. Paid: 1 robot $59; 10-pack $419; 30-pack $1,199 (USD, Edison shop, Oct 2026); all programming software free. Ads: none. A budget-friendly classroom robot that spans barcodes to Python; families wanting app control or AI features should look elsewhere. - [Edpuzzle](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/edpuzzle) by Edpuzzle. Ages grades K-12 (students invited by a teacher). Age rule: Students may use it only when invited by their teacher, school or district; for under-13s the school gives consent under COPPA or FERPA. Free, with paid extras: Free Basic plan (20 interactive activities, 10 supported assignments); Pro Teacher $13.75 a month billed annually; Pro School by quote (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A popular, low-risk teacher tool; parents meet it through homework, and there is little to manage at home. - [Edthena AI Coach](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/edthena-ai-coach) by Edthena (R3 Collaboratives). Ages for teachers; students appear in classroom video. Age rule: Users must be 18+ (or an organization); anyone under 13 is barred from using it. Students are not users; the district handles consent for recording classes. Through schools: District pricing by number of teachers; examples $1,980 a year for up to 20 teachers, $3,450 for up to 50, $4,990 for up to 100 (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A teacher-growth tool; parents should only care about how their school handles classroom recording consent. - [Eduaide.AI](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/eduaide) by Eduaide.AI. Ages for teachers (materials for grades K-12). Age rule: 18+ only; accounts by anyone under 18 are not permitted. Free, with paid extras: Free plan with 24 credits a month (about 8 resources); Pro $49.99 a year (about $4.17 a month) for unlimited generations; school pricing by quote (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A cheap, teacher-only planning helper with clean data rules; not something a child or parent uses. - [Education.com](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/education-com) by Education.com, Inc. (IXL Learning). Ages about 4-14 (pre-K to grade 8). Age rule: Sold only to adults. Children under 13 may use it only with a parent's or guardian's involvement and consent, or at a school's direction; schools consent for students under COPPA. Free, with paid extras: Free basic membership; Premium $15.99 a month or $119.88 a year (Oct 2026).. Ads: yes. A practical source of printables and practice for parents and teachers; kids get the most from it with an adult choosing the work. - [Educational App Store](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/educational-app-store) by Educational App Store Ltd. Ages for parents and teachers (covers apps for ages 3-18+). Age rule: Not stated. The terms give no minimum age; registration asks for school name, grades and children's ages. Free: Free for parents and teachers; developers pay a one-time submission fee for review and certification (Oct 2026). Ads: unknown. A useful place for parents and teachers to scan teacher-reviewed apps; keep in mind that makers pay to be reviewed, so cross-check before buying. - [edX](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/edx) by 2U, LLC. Ages about 13+ (built for adults). Age rule: You must be at least 13 to use edX. Free, with paid extras: Free audit track for most open courses (no graded work or certificate); certificates and programs are priced per course on each course page (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A good free option for a capable teen who wants a full college course; not for younger kids or anyone needing hand-holding. - [Eedi (with Eedi Tutor)](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/eedi) by Eedi. Ages school-age math students (UK-based); ages not stated. Age rule: No minimum age in the terms; students join through a teacher's class code or create an account, and parents who sign a child up consent on the child's behalf. Free, with paid extras: The terms say Eedi does not charge schools or teachers; they also describe paid monthly plans for parents with a 7-day free trial and auto-renewal (prices not shown on pages we loaded, Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A thoughtful, research-heavy math diagnosis tool for schools; parents who mind research use of data should ask the school. - [Ei Mindspark](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/mindspark) by Educational Initiatives (Ei). Ages classes 1-10 (about 6-16). Age rule: Under-18s may not register themselves; a parent or guardian must agree to the terms and make it available to the child. Paid: Example for Class 6, all three subjects: ₹8,599 for 6 months, ₹10,999 for 12 months, ₹15,999 for 24 months, one-time purchase (Oct 2026); free trial offered.. Ads: unknown. One of the few practice tools with a real randomized trial behind it; best for families following Indian curricula who accept a dated privacy policy. - [Eilik (with AI Station)](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/eilik) by Energize Lab. Ages not stated by the maker. Age rule: Store terms say you must be the age of majority, or be an adult who allows a minor dependent to use the site. The privacy policy says the site is not intended for anyone under 18. Paid: Eilik $139.99; AI Station add-on $99 (list $149) in Oct 2026; no subscription listed. Ads: none. A cute desk toy for older kids and adults; skip the AI Station for young children, since it adds cloud voice chat and a camera under a policy written for adults. - [ELECFREAKS micro:bit kits](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/elecfreaks-microbit-kits) by ELECFREAKS. Ages about 8-14. Age rule: Shop terms say you must be the age of majority, or be of age and consent to your minor dependents using the site. The privacy policy says it does not knowingly collect children's data except as the law allows. Paid: From $9.90 (watch kit) to about $89.90 (32-in-1 building kit) on sale in Oct 2026; most kits ship without the micro:bit board, sold separately. Ads: none. Good value for families or classes that already have a micro:bit and want robots and sensors; families starting from zero may prefer an all-in-one kit. - [Elements of AI](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/elements-of-ai) by MinnaLearn and the University of Helsinki. Ages older teens and adults (about 15+). Age rule: Not stated in terms. Free: Courses free (Oct 2026). The terms mention paid services, and the FAQ covers payment for the Building AI certificate.. Ads: none. Good for strong-reading teens and parents who want to understand AI together; too text-heavy for younger kids. - [Ello](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/ello) by Ello Technology, Inc.. Ages about 5-9 (grades K-5 per the app listing). Age rule: Under 18 may use it only with and under the supervision of a parent or guardian, who sets it up and gives consent (verifiable parental consent during sign-up). Free, with paid extras: Free daily reading and math activities; the paid Ello Unlimited plan is sold in the app and its price is not listed on the website (Oct 2026). Subscriptions renew automatically, and paid periods are not refunded.. Ads: none. A strong fit for a beginning reader age 5-8 whose parent is comfortable with voice recording; families wanting no microphone use or several kids on one plan should look elsewhere. - [Embibe](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/embibe) by Embibe (Indiavidual Learning Ltd). Ages classes 1-12 and exam prep (about 6-18+). Age rule: Under-18s are not eligible to register themselves; a parent or guardian must make it available and agree to the terms for the child. Paid: App Store plans (Oct 2026): Achieve Unlimited ₹8,499 a year (about ₹709 a month), Achieve Sprint ₹2,599 a quarter, Achieve Now ₹899 a month; free trial; Jio users get 30 days free.. Ads: unknown. Useful for Indian students preparing for board or entrance exams; privacy-minded parents should note the ad tracking. - [EMO](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/emo-living-ai) by Living AI. Ages not stated by the maker (sold as a desktop pet). Age rule: Not stated in terms. The terms and privacy statement do not mention children or a minimum age; the iOS app is rated 4+. Paid: EMO $279; EMO GO HOME (self-charging) $369 (Oct 2026); no subscription listed. Ads: none. A fun desk pet for teens and adults; parents of young children should be cautious because the maker says nothing about how it handles camera, voice or children's data. - [Enabot EBO home robots](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/enabot-ebo) by Enabot (Shenzhen Fuzhi Technology). Ages Terms say 18+; kids interact with it at home. Age rule: Enabot's terms say its products and services are only for people 18 or older. Paid: EBO Air 2 $179; EBO Air 2 Plus $359; EBO Mini $179.99; EBO Max $569.99; EBO X $799 (Enabot store, Oct 2026); optional cloud video storage. Ads: none. A home monitoring gadget for adults, not a kids' learning robot; families with young children should think hard about a remote-controlled camera plus open AI chat. - [EndeavorRx](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/endeavorrx) by Akili, Inc. (agreed in 2024 to be bought by Virtual Therapeutics). Ages 8-17 with ADHD (prescription). Age rule: Prescription only, for the child it was prescribed to. The website terms say only adults over 18 may use the sites, so a parent handles sign-up and payment. Paid: $99 for a 30-day prescription, FSA/HSA eligible; needs a doctor's prescription (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. Worth asking your child's doctor about as one part of an ADHD plan; do not expect it to replace medication or therapy. - [Endless Alphabet (Originator)](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/endless-alphabet) by Originator Inc.. Ages about 2-6. Age rule: The terms say you must be 13 or older to register an account; use of the registered service by anyone under 13 is not authorized. Parents buy and set up the app. Paid: $8.99 one-time on the App Store; Endless Learning Academy bundle $7.99 a month, $24.99 a year or $89.99 lifetime (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A well-loved, low-stress first-letters app worth a one-time purchase; not a full reading program. - [enVision Mathematics (Savvas Realize)](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/envision-mathematics) by Savvas Learning Company. Ages grades K-12. Age rule: School-provided; students log in with school credentials. Savvas's website policy says users 13-17 need a parent's consent; the Realize privacy page did not load for this review. Through schools: School and district pricing, not public.. Ads: none. Families get it through school; ask whether your district has the AI features on and how student data is handled. - [Epic](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/epic) by Epic Kids Inc.. Ages about 2-12. Age rule: Account holders must be 18 or older; children under 13 cannot create accounts and use Epic only through a child profile on a parent's or teacher's account. Paid: Epic Family is a subscription with a 7-day free trial; US App Store monthly prices range from $4.99 to $13.99 depending on the offer (Oct 2026). Free for educators and students during school hours.. Ads: none. Good for families who want lots of books on a tablet; a child who cannot yet decode will need a phonics program alongside it. - [Estimation 180](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/estimation-180) by Andrew Stadel. Ages grades 3-8 (about 8-14). Age rule: Not stated. No student accounts; the tasks are shown by a teacher or parent. The privacy policy covers newsletter sign-ups. Free, with paid extras: 200+ tasks free; Grade 3 Toolkit $49 for one year, and a Grade 6 Toolkit is also sold (Oct 2026). Ads: none. A simple, well-liked warm-up for teachers and homeschool parents of grades 3-8; it is a daily habit, not a full math program. - [Eureka Math](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/eureka-math) by Great Minds. Ages PreK-grade 12. Age rule: Great Minds' websites are not for users under 18. Students use its Digital Platform only when their school authorizes it under a school contract. Through schools: School pricing, not public; free PDF curriculum files and family tip sheets; printed Homework Helper books sold (Oct 2026). Ads: none. Useful for parents whose child's school uses it and who want to follow along with the free tip sheets; homeschoolers wanting a gentle, self-paced program may find it heavy. - [Eureka Math²](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/eureka-math-squared) by Great Minds PBC. Ages PreK to Algebra I (about 4-15). Age rule: The digital platform is only for students and teachers authorized by their school; Great Minds' websites are not meant for anyone under 18. Through schools: Sold to schools and districts, pricing not public on the pages we loaded (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A well-regarded core math curriculum your district picks; ask for parent guides if the methods look new. - [Exact Path](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/exact-path) by Edmentum. Ages grades K-12. Age rule: School-licensed; the school must affirm it has authority to let under-13s use it, and for services bought by individuals a parent must consent for under-13s before data is collected. Through schools: School and district quote only, pricing not public (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A common district intervention tool; useful if your child's school uses it with a teacher watching progress, not something parents pick themselves. - [Exercism](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/exercism) by Exercism (UK not-for-profit). Ages 13+ (16+ in the UK and EU). Age rule: Terms: you must be at least 13 to use the platform, or at least 16 in the UK or EU; younger users may not use it or post personal information. Free: Free (Oct 2026). Insiders (donate $10 a month or more, or earn it through contributions) removes ads and adds AI feedback and other perks.. Ads: yes. Good for teens who already code and want practice and feedback; beginners and younger kids should look elsewhere. - [Experience AI](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/experience-ai) by Raspberry Pi Foundation with Google DeepMind. Ages about 8-16, mainly 11-14. Age rule: Teacher-facing; students need no account. Teachers sign up with a Raspberry Pi Foundation account; for those accounts, under-13s need a parent or guardian's email to sign up, and 13+ can sign up alone. Free: Free (Oct 2026), including a free three-week teacher course.. Ads: none. A good free pick for teachers and club leaders of 11-14-year-olds; families wanting a self-guided app for kids should look elsewhere. - [Exploratorium Science Snacks](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/exploratorium-science-snacks) by Exploratorium (San Francisco science museum). Ages about 8-18 (written for grades 6-12, also used with younger kids). Age rule: The use policy sets no age; content is free for noncommercial, educational use with credit. The privacy policy says the museum does not knowingly collect personal information from children under 13 without parental consent. Free: Free (Oct 2026); materials cost a few dollars per activity.. Ads: none. A strong free pick for families and teachers who want real hands-on science; kids who need a game-like app will want something else. - [Explore with Alexa](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/explore-with-alexa) by Amazon. Ages young kids with an Amazon Kids profile. Age rule: Set up by a parent on the parent's Amazon account. Amazon's privacy notice says under-18s may use Amazon only with a parent involved, and it does not knowingly collect personal information from children under 13 without consent. Paid: Needs Alexa+ on a supported Echo; Alexa+ on Echo devices comes with a paid Prime membership (Oct 2026). The older version needs Amazon Kids+, from $7.99 a month for Prime members or $8.99 without.. Ads: unknown. Fits families already on Echo and Prime who want voice-only curiosity chats; families wary of AI chat or always-on microphones should skip it. - [FarmFood 360](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/farmfood-360) by Farm & Food Care (Canadian agriculture group). Ages about 9 and up (grades 5-12). Age rule: Not stated; the site has no terms of use or accounts. Free: Free (Oct 2026); videos play through YouTube.. Ads: none. A good free look inside farms for classes and curious kids, best paired with a talk about where the content comes from. - [fast.ai Practical Deep Learning](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/fast-ai-practical-deep-learning) by fast.ai (Jeremy Howard). Ages about 16+ (needs a year of coding). Age rule: The course site has no terms or age rule. The Kaggle notebooks it uses bar under-13s, and Kaggle says users 13 to 16 need verified parent consent before using it. Free: Free course and book; uses free tiers of Kaggle or Paperspace (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. One of the best free routes into real AI for a strong teen coder; not for beginners. - [Fight BAC!](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/fight-bac) by Partnership for Food Safety Education (nonprofit). Ages K-12, plus parents of babies. Age rule: Not stated in the terms of service; there are no kid accounts. Free: All resources free (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A solid free pick for teachers and parents teaching kids to cook safely; kids wanting a game will find only a little here. - [Finch Robot 2.0](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/finch-robot-2) by BirdBrain Technologies (part of CreXo). Ages grades K-12. Age rule: Not stated in terms; BirdBrain says all its software is designed to be safe for children under 13 and sends no personal information to the company. Paid: $180 with a micro:bit, $160 without (CreXo/BirdBrain store, Oct 2026). Ads: none. A privacy-friendly, long-lasting choice for schools teaching coding across grades; home buyers may find it pricey for one child. - [Fitbit Ace LTE](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/fitbit-ace-lte) by Google (Fitbit). Ages school-age kids without a phone. Age rule: The child uses a Google Account; under 13 it must be supervised through Family Link. Contacts must be family-group members or adults 13+ approved by the parent; kids cannot message friends. Paid: $179.95 watch plus Ace Pass at $9.99 a month or $119 a year, required to activate (Oct 2026). Listed as out of stock on the Google Store when checked.. Ads: none. A playful phone alternative for active kids if you can find one in stock; families who want friend-to-friend calling should look elsewhere. - [Flagle](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/flagle) by Teuteuf Games. Ages about 8 and up. Age rule: Not stated in Teuteuf's terms or privacy policy. Free, with paid extras: Free with ads; a paid option removes ads (price not shown without sign-in, Oct 2026).. Ads: yes. A light daily flag quiz for kids who already know some countries; pair with Worldle for map skills. - [Flint](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/flint) by Flint, Inc.. Ages grades 3-12 (schools usually start in grade 3). Age rule: Signing up alone requires being 13+ (US, UK) or 16+ (EEA). Through a school, students of any age can use it, with the school handling parent permission; school users under 18 must be supervised by an adult at school and are linked to a teacher's account. Free, with paid extras: Free for up to 80 users; $3,000 a year up to 150 users, $4,000 up to 250, $6,500 up to 500, custom above (Oct 2026). Ads: none. A reasonable choice for schools that want an AI tutor teachers can supervise closely; children under 13 can use it only through a school. - [FlipaClip](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/flipaclip) by Visual Blasters LLC. Ages about 10-17. Age rule: At least 13 to use all features. The maker may allow some users under 13 with less data collected and some features turned off. Anyone under 18 needs a parent's consent before buying; under-13s cannot have their own in-app account. Free, with paid extras: Free with ads. FlipaClip Plus subscription in-app; US App Store lists options from $5.99 to $39.99 (Oct 2026). Renews automatically; no family sharing.. Ads: yes. Good for tweens and teens who want to animate drawings on a phone; parents of younger kids may prefer an ad-free paid app like Procreate Dreams. - [Foldit](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/foldit) by University of Washington Center for Game Science and partners. Ages about 12 and up (terms allow 7+). Age rule: You must be 7 or older. Under-18s need a parent or guardian to read, explain and agree to the terms, since play is part of a research study. Free: Free and not-for-profit (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A rewarding challenge for science-minded teens and biology classes; younger kids will likely find it too hard, and parents should note the public chat. - [FoloToy Kumma](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/folotoy-kumma) by FoloToy (FoloToy Creative Pte. Ltd.) (WARNING). Ages not stated by the maker ("for both kids and adults"). Age rule: Terms say individuals under 18 may not register or use the services; the privacy policy describes a parent setting up the device for a child. Paid: $99 per kit including a one-month free membership, then $4.90 a month (Oct 2026). Ads: none. A cautionary tale; families should skip it for children, since its safety fixes are self-reported after independent testers found it gave dangerous and sexual answers. - [Food Network Kitchen](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/food-network-kitchen) by Food Network (Warner Bros. Discovery) (WARNING). Ages was a general-audience app. Age rule: The app is closed. FoodNetwork.com runs under the Discovery visitor agreement, which says you must be at least 13 to register. Free: The paid app shut down May 1, 2024. Recipes and on-demand classes on FoodNetwork.com are free (Oct 2026).. Ads: yes. Skip the app; it no longer exists. The free website can still help a parent and older child cook from a video class. - [Forest](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/forest-focus-app) by Seekrtech Co., Ltd.. Ages about 10+ (study use); minors with a parent's help. Age rule: The iOS privacy policy says the service is not directed to children under 13; minors may use the app only with a parent's or guardian's help, and children under 13 only with verifiable parental consent. The 2018 terms of service do not set an age. Free, with paid extras: Free core app with occasional ads (never during focus sessions). Forest Plus is a subscription for extra trees, sounds, stats and no ads; price varies by region and store. The old one-time Pro upgrade is no longer sold (Oct 2026).. Ads: yes. A light, kind nudge for teens who want to study without their phone; parents who need hard limits should use device controls instead. - [Fortnite](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/fortnite) by Epic Games. Ages about 10-18. Age rule: No minimum age. Players under 18 should read the terms with a parent, who accepts them for the child and is responsible for their use. Under 13 (or the local age of digital consent) gets a Cabined Account: no voice or free-text chat, no real-money purchases and no custom display name until a parent verifies as an adult and consents. Free, with paid extras: Free to play. Fortnite Crew is $11.99 a month and includes the Battle Pass and other passes (fortnite.com, Oct 2026); V-Bucks sold in-game and on gift cards. Purchases from Epic are non-refundable unless marked refundable.. Ads: none. Suits tweens and teens whose parents set up Epic's controls; skip for young kids who are not ready for combat games or social play. - [Fortnite Creative and Unreal Editor for Fortnite (UEFN)](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/fortnite-creative-uefn) by Epic Games. Ages about 10-18 (publishing 18+). Age rule: Uses the Epic account and terms: under 18 should read them with a parent, and under 13 starts in a Cabined Account. Anyone can build, but you must be 18 or older to publish an island from UEFN, and the parent time limits cover UEFN too. Free: Free; needs Fortnite and an Epic account (Oct 2026). UEFN needs a capable Windows PC (16 GB RAM minimum).. Ads: none. Good for Fortnite-loving teens who want to build; younger beginners will find Scratch or Roblox Studio easier to start with. - [Foundations A-Z](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/foundations-a-z) by Learning A-Z (LAZEL, Inc., a Cambium Learning Group company). Ages about 5-11 (grades K-5). Age rule: Terms are a license for a school, teacher or family account holder, who agrees to supervise and take full responsibility for use by children under 13. Children use logins issued by that adult. Paid: $248 a year for one classroom license (up to 36 students) on the online store; school and district quotes available; also included in Raz-Plus (USD, Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A solid choice for K-5 teachers or homeschool families who want a structured phonics plan; parents of a child who already reads well will get little from it. - [Fountas & Pinnell Leveled Literacy Intervention (LLI)](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/leveled-literacy-intervention) by Heinemann (part of HMH). Ages grades K-8 (systems by level). Age rule: Sold to schools; the school gives COPPA consent for students under 13 whose data enters Heinemann's systems. Website users under the age of majority need a parent or guardian. Through schools: Kits and Online Data Management System subscriptions sold to schools; Reading Record app content is bought per system (Oct 2026). Prices were not shown on the pages we loaded.. Ads: none. A long-used small-group intervention with independent early-grade evidence; parents of struggling readers should ask how often their child is seen and how progress is measured. - [Freckle](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/freckle) by Renaissance Learning. Ages about 5-18 (grades K-12; math through Algebra 2). Age rule: Not stated in the website terms. Renaissance sells only to schools, and its privacy hub says each school controls student data; parents of under-13s are pointed to the school and to Renaissance's children's privacy notice. Through schools: School pricing, not public (Oct 2026); schools request a quote.. Ads: none. A reasonable school pick for differentiated practice, especially in districts already using Star tests; families can't buy it directly. - [freeCodeCamp](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/freecodecamp) by freeCodeCamp (US 501(c)(3) charity). Ages 13+ (aimed at adults and older teens). Age rule: Terms: you must be at least 13 years old to use the website. Free: Free (Oct 2026); funded by donors.. Ads: yes. A top free option for motivated teens 13+ heading toward web development; younger or less independent learners need something more guided. - [Freerice](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/freerice) by UN World Food Programme. Ages about 9 and up. Age rule: No terms page was found. The privacy policy says the game is for a mixed audience including under-18s, it does not knowingly collect personal information from under-18s, and tracking tools are switched off for them. Free: Free (Oct 2026). The phone apps were withdrawn; it now runs in a web browser.. Ads: none. A good fit for older kids and classes who like quick quiz drills with a cause attached; young readers will find it too text-heavy. - [Funbrain](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/funbrain) by Funbrain Holdings LLC (owned by Tinybop Inc.). Ages about 4-14 (pre-K to grade 8). Age rule: Not stated in terms. The terms (updated January 2017) set no age rule; the privacy policy says it will not knowingly collect personal information from anyone under 18 without parental consent. Free: Free, ad-supported (Oct 2026). No paid plan found.. Ads: yes. Fine for occasional free play and reading at home; schools and privacy-minded parents may prefer ad-free options. - [Fundations](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/wilson-fundations) by Wilson Language Training. Ages grades K-5. Age rule: School-only program. For under-13s using FUN HUB, Wilson relies on the school or teacher to consent on the parent's behalf under COPPA. The website terms say anyone under 18 may use the site only with a parent or guardian. Through schools: School pricing for kits and FUN HUB, not public on the program page (Oct 2026).. Ads: unknown. A solid school phonics core for early grades; parents mostly meet it through their child's school. - [futurecoder](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/futurecoder) by Alex Hall and open-source contributors. Ages about 12+. Age rule: Not stated; the site has no terms of service or privacy policy that we could find. No account is needed. Free: Free and open source under the MIT license (Oct 2026); donations via Open Collective.. Ads: none. One of the best free first Python courses for a patient tween or teen; younger kids may want something more visual. - [Gabb (Gabb Phone, Gabb Watch)](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/gabb) by Gabb Wireless. Ages Watch 5-12, Phone 9-14. Age rule: The account holder buys the plan and device; Gabb's terms say users of the music service and the device payment plan must be 18 or older, with the child as the end user. Paid: Gabb Watch 3e $229.99, Gabb Phone 4 $249.99, plus a service plan (about $12.99-$17.99 a month on offer) and a $30 activation fee; contract plans carry early termination fees of $100-$150 (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A solid locked-down first device for elementary and middle schoolers; teens who need school apps or a browser may outgrow it fast. - [Gacha Life and Gacha Club](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/gacha-life) by Lunime Inc.. Ages about 9-14 (App Store 9+). Age rule: No terms of service found on the maker's site. Lunime's privacy policy says its apps are not meant for anyone under 13 and that it does not knowingly collect personal data from under-13s, while the App Store rates the apps 9+. Free, with paid extras: Free. Gacha Life lists in-app purchases; Gacha Club says customization is fully free with no in-app purchases (App Store, Oct 2026). Both show ads.. Ads: yes. A creative toy for tweens if a parent watches what they post online; the dated privacy policy and age mismatch are reasons for caution with younger kids. - [Gaggle Safety Management](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/gaggle-safety-management) by Gaggle.Net, Inc. (WARNING). Ages grades K-12. Age rule: Sold only to schools and districts acting in place of parents; students are covered by the school's acceptable use policy, and COPPA consent comes from the school, not parents. Through schools: District contracts, pricing not public (Oct 2026); AP reported Vancouver, WA, signed for $328,036 over three school years.. Ads: none. A serious surveillance tool districts choose, not parents; find out if your school uses it and what students are told. - [Gale In Context: Elementary](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/gale-in-context-elementary) by Gale, part of Cengage Group. Ages grades K-5 (about 5-11). Age rule: Licensed to schools and libraries for their students and patrons. Anyone under 18 accepting the terms personally needs a parent to accept them; for school products, Cengage processes children's data only for the school. Through schools: School and library subscription, price not public; many families can use it free with a public library card (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A safe, free-through-the-library place for young kids to start research projects; check your library's website for a login. - [GameChanger](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/gamechanger) by GameChanger Media (DICK'S Sporting Goods). Ages families of young athletes; account holders 13+. Age rule: Account holders cannot be under 13 and must be of legal age to accept the terms. Anyone posting data or video about a player under 13 promises they are the parent or have verifiable parental consent. Free, with paid extras: Free: schedules, messaging, scores and 5 baseball/softball streams. Plus $9.99/month or $39.99/year; Premium $14.99/month or $99.99/year; Family Premium (4 accounts) $24.99/month or $179.99/year, website only (USD, Oct 2026).. Ads: unknown. Great for faraway family who want to watch games; parents should check stream privacy settings and be ready to pay for more than five streams. - [GarageBand](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/garageband) by Apple. Ages about 6+. Age rule: The app needs no account of its own. Downloading it needs an Apple Account: 13+ in the US, and under-13s get one only when a parent creates it through Family Sharing. Free: Free on iPhone, iPad and Mac, with free downloadable sound packs (Oct 2026). Needs recent iOS or macOS.. Ads: none. The obvious first music studio for kids with Apple devices; others can try Soundtrap or BandLab in a browser. - [Gauth](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/gauth) by ByteDance (US operator: TikTok USDS Joint Venture LLC). Ages 13+. Age rule: 13 or older (or your local minimum age); under the age of majority needs a parent's or guardian's permission. Not for children under 13. Free, with paid extras: Free with limits; Gauth AI Pro subscription with a free trial; prices not shown on the pages we loaded (Oct 2026). Ads: unknown. Popular with teens for quick answers, which is the problem; families who care about learning the steps should look elsewhere. - [GDevelop](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/gdevelop) by GDevelop Ltd. Ages about 10-18. Age rule: The terms do not state an age. The privacy policy says children under 13 may use it only with permission and supervision from a parent, guardian or teacher who fully manages the account, and recommends the Education plan's anonymous accounts for under-13s. Free, with paid extras: Free plan; Silver $7.99, Gold $13.99, Pro $39.99 a month, with up to 40% off yearly (gdevelop.io, Oct 2026). Education licenses priced by quote.. Ads: none. A strong next step after Scratch for kids 10+ who want to make real games; younger kids will need an adult setting up the account. - [Gemini Notebook (formerly NotebookLM)](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/gemini-notebook) by Google. Ages 13+ on a personal account; all ages through school accounts. Age rule: Open to users above the age of consent in supported countries (13 in the US); you must verify your age in your Google Account. Stricter content rules apply under 18, and some features are 18+. For Google Workspace for Education accounts it is available to all ages. Free, with paid extras: Free; higher limits with Google AI Plus ($4.99), Pro ($19.99) or Ultra ($99.99+) a month (Oct 2026). Ads: unknown. A strong study aid for teens working from their own readings; younger children should use it only through a school account. - [Gemini Storybook](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/gemini-storybook) by Google. Ages made by adults; books suit about 3-10. Age rule: 18+ only. Google's help page says the storybook feature is not available to users under 18; the Gemini app itself is 13+. Free, with paid extras: Free with a Google Account; paid Google AI plans ($4.99, $19.99 a month and up, Oct 2026) raise usage limits. Ads: unknown. Useful for parents who want a one-off custom picture book, used by the adult; not something to hand to a child. - [Generation Genius](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/generation-genius) by Newsela (Generation Genius). Ages about 5-14 (grades K-8). Age rule: Account holders must be at least 13. Students must use an account created by a parent, guardian or school; free trial holders must be 13+. Paid: Science only $250 a year; science plus math $325 a year for a teacher or family; school plan $2,395 a year (Oct 2026). Free trial available.. Ads: none. Useful for teachers and homeschool parents who want ready science videos with activities; families wanting hands-on exploration or proof of learning gains may look elsewhere. - [Genshin Impact](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/genshin-impact) by HoYoverse (Cognosphere). Ages about 13-18. Age rule: You must be an adult in your country to accept the terms; a minor may use the game only if a parent or guardian reviews and accepts the terms and takes legal and financial responsibility. In the US, accounts of children under 13 are deleted unless a parent gives verified consent, and players under 16 need a parent's consent before buying with real money. Free, with paid extras: Free to play; in-game currency for random Wishes and a monthly pass are sold in-game (Oct 2026). No prices on the maker's site.. Ads: yes. Better suited to older teens with firm spending rules; skip for kids who are drawn to chance-based spending. - [Girls Who Code](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/girls-who-code) by Girls Who Code Inc. (nonprofit). Ages about 8-18 (grades 3-12). Age rule: Clubs terms: under-13s may use Clubs only with parental consent, either through a parent creating the account or a teacher acting with parent permission (school consent); outside-school members aged 13-17 register as minor users. Free: Free (Oct 2026); donor funded.. Ads: none. A great free option for girls who would enjoy learning to code with peers; kids without a nearby club may need an at-home tool instead. - [GitHub Copilot (Copilot Student)](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/github-copilot-student) by GitHub (Microsoft). Ages about 13-18 and college. Age rule: GitHub accounts require users to be at least 13, and accounts of under-13s are closed. The free student offer requires age 13+ and enrollment in a degree- or diploma-granting course, shown with a school email or dated proof of enrollment. Free: Free for verified students, with an allowance of AI credits. Otherwise Copilot Free is $0 with limits, Pro $10, Pro+ $39 and Max $100 a month (USD, Oct 2026).. Ads: unknown. A strong free option for high school and college students who already know some coding; beginners may lean on it too early. - [Gizmo](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/gizmo) by Gizmo AI Ltd. Ages 13+ (teens and up). Age rule: Terms say you must be 18, or under 18 with a parent or guardian who has agreed to the terms for you; the privacy notice says no one under 13 may use it. Under-13s found in chat may be asked for photo ID. Free, with paid extras: Free tier; paid monthly or yearly subscription, price not shown on the website (Oct 2026). Ads: unknown. Can help a motivated teen revise from their own notes; parents should know about the user chat before saying yes. - [Gizmo Watch (Verizon)](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/verizon-gizmo-watch) by Verizon. Ages about 6-11 (Gizmo Watch 3 Adventure); Verizon says devices are for kids 3+. Age rule: The app account is for adults 18+ who are the child's parent or guardian (or have their consent); Gizmo devices are intended for children 3 and older. Paid: Gizmo Watch 3 Adventure launched at $129.99; Verizon showed $0 a month with 36 months of credits and a new line (Oct 2026). Needs a Verizon watch line; Verizon Family is included, Family Plus is $14.99 a month.. Ads: none. A reasonable kids' watch for Verizon customers; families on other carriers or wary of AI answers can choose a simpler watch. - [Gizmos](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/gizmos) by ExploreLearning. Ages grades 3-12. Age rule: Licensed to schools for their teachers and students; parents, guardians or teachers should supervise children, and family-account holders sharing access with under-13s must supervise them. Free, with paid extras: Rotating free Gizmos (31 in Oct 2026) with no time limit; 30-day free trial of the full library; school pricing by quote.. Ads: none. A good free science and math sandbox for curious kids, and better with a school license and a teacher. - [Global Digital Library](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/global-digital-library) by Norad (Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation). Ages about 3-10 (emergent readers to grade 4 math). Age rule: No terms with an age rule were found. The privacy policy says parents and teachers can create accounts for their children, and accounts store name, email, country and age. Free: Free; content under Creative Commons licenses (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A decent free leveled-reading and early-math source, especially for multilingual families; decline marketing cookies when the banner appears. - [Globle](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/globle) by Trainwreck Labs. Ages about 8 and up. Age rule: Not stated; we found no terms of use, and the privacy policy has no age rule. Free: Free with ads (Oct 2026).. Ads: yes. A fun daily map warm-up for kids who can type country names; play logged out with an ad blocker or on a parent's device. - [Goblin Tools](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/goblin-tools) by Skyhook BV (Bram De Buyser). Ages about 10 and up (App Store rating 9+). Age rule: Not stated in terms. The terms and privacy policy do not mention age or children. Free, with paid extras: Website free; iOS app $0.99; optional Pro $3.99 a month or $39.99 a year on iOS (Oct 2026). Ads: none. Helpful for teens who struggle to start tasks, ideally set up with a parent; younger kids need an adult using it with them. - [Godot Engine](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/godot) by Godot Foundation and open-source contributors. Ages about 12-18. Age rule: No age rule: the engine needs no account and is released under the MIT license, which lets anyone use it for any purpose. The forum and asset library accounts are optional. Free: Free forever under the MIT license, including for commercial games; funded by donations (godotengine.org, Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A great free choice for teens who are ready to type real code; younger beginners should start with Scratch, GDevelop or Roblox Studio. - [GoNoodle](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/gonoodle) by GoNoodle, Inc.. Ages about 4-10 (pre-K to grade 5). Age rule: Minors must have a parent or guardian accept the terms. Full access requires an account created by a parent, legal guardian or educator, who may let children use it under supervision. Free: Free (Oct 2026); funded partly by sponsors and underwriters.. Ads: yes. A fun free way to add movement breaks; parents should expect branded, sponsored content. - [Google AI Edge Gallery](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/google-ai-edge-gallery) by Google. Ages about 13+. Age rule: No app-specific age rule found; Google's terms apply (under the age to manage your own Google Account needs a parent). The App Store rates it 13+ and Google Play rates it Teen. Free: Free and open source (Apache 2.0) (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A neat demo of on-device AI for a curious teen; not a homework helper or a filtered kids' chatbot. - [Google AI Essentials](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/google-ai-essentials) by Google (on Coursera). Ages about 13+ (built for adults). Age rule: Runs on Coursera, whose terms bar anyone under 13. Paid: $49 USD a month on Coursera in the US and Canada after a 7-day free trial; may cost less in other countries (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A fine quick primer for a teen 16 or older who wants to use AI tools well; free AI-literacy courses cover similar ground for younger kids. - [Google Arts & Culture](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/google-arts-and-culture) by Google. Ages about 8 and up. Age rule: Google's terms apply: in the US, 13 is the minimum age to manage your own Google Account; younger children need a parent-managed Family Link account. Browsing needs no account. The iOS app is rated 13+. Free: Free (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A rich, free window into world museums for families to explore together; supervise the camera and AI features. - [Google Classroom (guardian email summaries)](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/google-classroom-guardian-summaries) by Google. Ages grades K-12 (any child with a school Google Workspace account). Age rule: Only schools and qualifying institutions can sign up. The school is responsible for any consents needed, and must get parental consent before letting users under 18 use Google's Additional Products. Guardians must accept a teacher's or admin's invitation (it expires after 120 days); summaries only work when the student uses a school Workspace account. Through schools: Guardian summaries cost families nothing. Schools get Classroom in Google Workspace for Education Fundamentals at no cost; Education Plus is a paid annual subscription (prices through Google or resellers) and adds guardian preview of Classwork (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. Worth turning on if your child's school uses Google Classroom; it will not help families whose school uses something else. - [Google Doodle games](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/google-doodle-games) by Google. Ages about 5 and up. Age rule: No account needed. Google's Terms of Service apply: anyone under the age needed to manage their own Google Account needs a parent's or guardian's permission. Free: Free (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A fine free treat for a few minutes of play; kids looking for steady learning should pick a real learning game. - [Google Earth](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/google-earth) by Google. Ages about 8 and up. Age rule: Google Earth's own terms set no extra age rule. Under Google's terms, anyone below the age to manage their own Google account needs a parent's permission, usually through a Family Link account. Browsing without signing in is possible. Free, with paid extras: Free to use; Standard, Professional and Professional Advanced plans for business are billed per user per month (prices not shown on the page we loaded, Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A rich free tool for geography and earth science at home or school; younger kids should explore Street View with an adult nearby. - [Google Family Link](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/google-family-link) by Google. Ages any age; built for kids under 13 and supervised teens. Age rule: No minimum age for a supervised account. A child under 13 (or the country's age, e.g. 16 in Germany) cannot run their own Google Account; a parent makes and manages it in Family Link. At 13 the child can choose to manage their own account; supervised teens 13-17 need a parent's approval to stop supervision. Free: Free (Oct 2026). Needs an Android phone or Chromebook for the child to get full controls.. Ads: none. A sensible free default for families on Android or Chromebook; iPhone families should use Apple Screen Time instead. - [Google Gemini](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/google-gemini) by Google. Ages under 13 with Family Link; 13+ on own account. Age rule: You must be 13 (or the age in your country) to use Gemini with a personal or school account, 18 for a work account. Under 13 only on a Family Link supervised account, and only after a parent turns Gemini on. Not offered to supervised accounts in the EEA, Switzerland or the UK. Free, with paid extras: Free; Google AI Plus $4.99, AI Pro $19.99, AI Ultra $99.99 or $199.99 a month (Oct 2026); some paid benefits 18+ only. Ads: unknown. Usable for supervised homework help with a parent nearby; parents of young children should leave it off in Family Link unless they sit with the child. - [Google Keep](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/google-keep) by Google. Ages any age with a Google Account; most useful for about 8+. Age rule: Children under 13 (or their country's age) cannot manage their own Google Account; a parent creates and manages it with Family Link. At 13 in most countries the child can manage their own account. Free: Free with a Google Account (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A good free starting point for family lists and kids' reminders; pick a real planner for homework tracking. - [Google Learn About](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/google-learn-about) by Google. Ages teens and adults (no age shown on the page). Age rule: The page states no age limit of its own and links only to Google's general Terms of Service, which say anyone too young to manage their own Google Account (under 13 in the US) needs a parent's permission. Sign-in may limit access by account type or country; that was not checked. Free: Free (Oct 2026).. Ads: unknown. Interesting for curious teens and adults who want guided explanations; parents of younger kids should wait for clearer age and privacy rules. - [Google Learn Your Way](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/google-learn-your-way) by Google. Ages about 15-18 and adults (tested with 15- to 18-year-olds). Age rule: The page states no age limit of its own and links to Google's general Terms of Service: anyone too young to manage their own Google Account (under 13 in the US) needs a parent's permission. Free: Free demo (Oct 2026); uploading your own PDF is waitlist-only.. Ads: none. Worth a try for high schoolers who learn better with audio, maps or quizzes than plain text; it is a demo, so do not plan schoolwork around it. - [Google Lens homework help](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/google-lens-homework-help) by Google. Ages 13+ on own account; younger with Family Link. Age rule: Google's terms: if you're under the age to manage your own Google Account (13 in the US), you need a parent's permission, and the parent is responsible for the child's use. Free: Free (Oct 2026). Ads: unknown. Handy for a parent checking homework; children who need to learn the steps are better served by a tutor that holds answers back. - [Google Machine Learning Crash Course](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/google-machine-learning-crash-course) by Google. Ages about 15+ (needs algebra and some Python). Age rule: No age rule on the course pages. Google's terms say anyone under the age to manage their own Google Account needs a parent's permission; the exercises run in Colab under a Google Account. Free: Free; Colab exercises are free of charge (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A strong free next step for a teen who has done some coding and math; too hard as a first look at AI. - [Google Nest / Gemini for Home (supervised kids)](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/gemini-for-home-kids) by Google. Ages supervised children and teens. Age rule: Children need a supervised Google Account in a parent's Family Group and must be invited to the home; a parent must turn on Gemini Apps before a child under 13 can use them. Gemini Apps are not offered to supervised accounts in the EEA, Switzerland or the UK. Free, with paid extras: Gemini for Home voice assistant has a no-subscription tier; Google Home Premium is $10 a month or $100 a year (Standard) and $20 a month or $200 a year (Advanced) for extra features (Oct 2026). Speaker hardware is separate.. Ads: none. Usable for families who already supervise accounts in Family Link and want to set limits; parents wary of kids chatting with AI should keep Gemini off. - [Google Translate Practice](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/google-translate-practice) by Google. Ages teens and adults; younger kids with a parent. Age rule: Google's terms say anyone under the age to manage their own Google Account (13 in the US) needs a parent's permission, and parents are responsible for a child's use; under-13s can only have a Google Account through Family Link. Free: Free beta in the Translate app (Oct 2026); Google has not posted a price.. Ads: none. Worth a try for teens learning Spanish or French who want speaking practice; younger kids and families wanting a full course should pick a dedicated app. - [GoStudent](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/gostudent) by GoStudent Online Tutoring GmbH. Ages school-age students (paid lessons 14+, or younger with parent consent). Age rule: Anyone can register, but paid lessons require users to be at least 14; younger children need a parent or legal representative's prior consent. Tutors must be 18+. Paid: UK (Oct 2026): from £22.71 per 50-minute lesson with a 12-month membership and more lessons a month (e.g. £26.84 at 12 lessons a month, £30.97 at 4); base price £24.99; GoStudent Learning with the AI tutor £14.90 a month, first month free; free trial lesson.. Ads: none. A real tutor at a mid-range price, but read the contract: it renews automatically and is hard to exit after two weeks. - [GPT4All](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/gpt4all) by Nomic AI (WARNING). Ages about 16+ with a parent (no age in license). Age rule: Not stated; the app ships under an MIT open-source license with no age rule. Nomic's website privacy policy says it does not knowingly collect data from under-13s. Free: Free and open source (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. Treat it as a stalled project; families curious about local AI should choose a maintained tool. - [GPTZero](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/gptzero) by GPTZero. Ages adults (teachers); markets to students. Age rule: The site is intended for users at least 18 years old, and the privacy policy says it does not knowingly collect data from or market to anyone under 18, even though it has a page aimed at students. Free, with paid extras: Free for 10,000 words a month; Premium $12.99 a month and Professional $24.99 a month, billed yearly (USD, Oct 2026); team and API plans too.. Ads: unknown. A screening tool for adults, not proof of cheating; a family facing an accusation based on it should ask for the writing history and a conversation, not a number. - [Grammarly](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/grammarly) by Superhuman (the company formerly called Grammarly). Ages about 13-18 and adults (high school, college). Age rule: You must be old enough to agree to share your data yourself, without a parent: at least 13 under most US law and 16 in the EU, or older where local law says so. Free, with paid extras: Free plan with 100 AI prompts a month; Pro is $12 a month on the web pricing page with 2,000 prompts (USD, Oct 2026). iPhone in-app plans cost more: $29.99 a month or $139.99 a year. Schools and businesses get quotes.. Ads: none. Useful for teens 13+ who want cleaner writing and will use it as a checker, but parents of kids still learning to write should know how much of the writing it can do for them. - [Greenlight](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/greenlight) by Greenlight Financial Technology. Ages kids and teens, about 6-17. Age rule: Children under 18 must be registered by a parent or guardian, and the parent starts registration for any child under 13. If a child under 13 starts on their own, the session ends. The primary accountholder runs all child accounts. Paid: Core $5.99/month, Max $10.98/month, Infinity $15.98/month, Family Shield $19.98/month; up to five kids (USD, Oct 2026). Family Hub device is about $199-$299, with Family Hub+ at $9.99/month or $99/year.. Ads: none. A solid choice for families ready to give a child a real card; compare plans carefully, since safety extras push the price up. - [Grok](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/grok) by SpaceXAI (formerly xAI) (WARNING). Ages 13+ by its terms; not recommended for under 18. Age rule: At least 13 (or your country's minimum). Teens 13 to 17 need a parent's or guardian's permission, and the parent must agree to the terms. Free, with paid extras: Free to try; paid plans from $8 to $200 a month, SuperGrok $30 a month after a first-month discount (Oct 2026). Ads: unknown. Skip for children and teens; there are safer chatbots for every task it does. - [Gus on the Go](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/gus-on-the-go) by toojuice, LLC. Ages about 2-8. Age rule: Not stated in terms (no terms page found). The website privacy policy, last updated 2018, has no children's section; the App Store listing says the app has no ads, purchases, links or tracking. Paid: About $3.99 per language app on the US App Store (Oct 2026); the Stories apps are free.. Ads: none. A cheap, gentle first taste of a new or heritage language for little kids; not enough on its own to build real fluency. - [Hack Club](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/hack-club) by Hack Club (nonprofit, Vermont). Ages 13-18. Age rule: Privacy notice and terms: if you are under 13 you may not use or access Hack Club services at any time; core programs are for ages 13-18. Free: Free (Oct 2026); funded by donations.. Ads: none. Excellent for motivated teens who want to build and ship with peers; parents should talk with their teen about online chat first. - [Highlights Kids](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/highlights-kids) by Highlights for Children, Inc.. Ages about 6-12. Age rule: Terms say HighlightsKids.com is for children's use, while Highlights' other sites are for adults or need a parent; you must be 18 to buy anything. Free: Website free (Oct 2026); magazine subscriptions are sold separately.. Ads: yes. A safe, free corner of the web for younger readers; don't expect a learning program. - [Hit the Button (Topmarks)](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/hit-the-button) by Topmarks Online Ltd. Ages about 5-11. Age rule: Not stated in terms; the terms of service set no age limit. Topmarks labels the game for ages 5-11. Free, with paid extras: Web game free with ads. App costs $3.99 (or GBP 3.49) once per platform, with no ads or in-app purchases (Oct 2026).. Ads: yes. A good, cheap drill for times tables and number bonds; children who need concepts explained rather than speed practice need something else alongside it. - [HOMER](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/homer) by Begin (Conscious Content Media, Inc.). Ages about 2-8. Age rule: You must be a parent or legal guardian to use the services and create the account; children under 13 need a parent's permission and use it through the parent's account. HOMER says it is kidSAFE COPPA certified. Paid: $9.99 a month or $59.99 a year after a 30-day free trial (US, Oct 2026). Renews automatically.. Ads: none. A gentle, well-made start for toddlers and preschoolers; parents of confident readers will get more from a library app. - [Hooda Math](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/hooda-math) by Hooda Math LLC. Ages about 6-18 (grades K-12). Age rule: Not stated in terms (no terms page found). The privacy policy says the site is for kids and teens to use under the guidance of parents and teachers. Free: Free, with no subscriptions (Oct 2026).. Ads: yes. A reasonable free pick for logic games and some math practice; parents wanting focused math learning should steer kids to specific games or another site. - [Hooked on Phonics](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/hooked-on-phonics) by Hooked & Company, Inc.. Ages about 3-8 (Pre-K to grade 2). Age rule: You must be 18 or the age of majority to use the site or become a member; the apps are made for children, but a parent or legal guardian must register every account. Paid: Monthly plans $23.96, $29.94 or $31.99 a month with free US shipping; first month 50% off (Oct 2026). Billed monthly, cancel anytime.. Ads: none. Good for parents who want a ready-made phonics plan with physical books; families on a budget can get similar phonics free elsewhere. - [hoopla](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/hoopla) by Midwest Tape, LLC. Ages all ages (kids' and teen titles inside a general library). Age rule: Account holders must be 18 or older (or the age of majority where they live). Younger users may use hoopla only with a parent's or guardian's consent and involvement, and US users must be at least 13. Free: Free with a card from a participating public library (Oct 2026). Borrowing limits and available titles vary by library; select Bonus Borrows do not count against the limit.. Ads: unknown. A strong free extra for families whose library offers it; keep the account in a parent's name and turn on Kids Mode for young children. - [Hopscotch](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/hopscotch) by Hopscotch Technologies (New York). Ages about 8-13 (App Store lists ages 9-11). Age rule: The privacy policy says you must be over 13 to sign up for an account, and that an adult must provide the email and password to create one. Kids can use the app without an account but cannot save work. The terms say a parent who lets a child use it consents for them. Free, with paid extras: Free account (Oct 2026). Play Pass $1.99 a month or $19.99 a year; Unlimited $9.99 a month or $79.99 a year; Lifetime Family Pass $98.40 once for up to 5 profiles. 7-day trial.. Ads: none. A good step up from ScratchJr for iPad kids who want to make games; parents who dislike in-app currencies should switch off purchases or skip it. - [Huion Inspiroy pen tablets](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/huion-inspiroy-pen-tablets) by Shenzhen Huion Trend Technology Co., Ltd.. Ages about 8 and up. Age rule: Not stated; the posted terms cover only Huion's drawing contests, and a device needs no account (drivers download freely). Paid: Prices are not shown on huion.com product pages, and the Huion web store blocked our check; sold through Huion's store and retailers (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A sensible first digital-art tool for older kids and teens with a computer or Chromebook; young kids may find drawing without seeing the pen tip frustrating. - [HUSKYLENS 2](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/huskylens-2) by DFRobot. Ages teens and adults (not stated by the maker). Age rule: DFRobot's privacy policy says its service is only for people over 18, or under-18s with a guardian's written permission. Paid: $89.90 (Oct 2026), limit 3 per customer. Ads: none. A capable, low-cost AI vision tool for teen robotics clubs; younger children need close adult help, and face recognition projects deserve a privacy talk. - [i-Ready](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/i-ready) by Curriculum Associates. Ages grades K-8. Age rule: School-licensed only; students sign in with logins their school gives them, and the school consents for under-13s under COPPA. The website terms say you must be 13+ to register a website account, which is separate from student use. Through schools: Sold to schools and districts by quote (Oct 2026); the FAQ says families cannot buy it for homeschooling.. Ads: none. A widely used school tool you will meet through your child's district rather than choose; ask the school how much weekly screen time it assigns and what data it sends. - [ibisPaint X](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/ibispaint) by ibis. Ages about 10+. Age rule: No minimum age stated. Minors must get a parent's or guardian's consent, including agreeing to the terms, before using the service. Free, with paid extras: Free with ads. Ad removal $15.99 one time; Premium Membership $4.49 a month or $27.99 a year; AI "Smart Credit" packs from $2.99 (US App Store, Oct 2026).. Ads: yes. A fine pick for a manga-loving tween if a parent buys the one-time ad removal; otherwise the free version's ad tracking is a real cost. - [iCivics](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/icivics) by iCivics, Inc. (nonprofit founded by Justice Sandra Day O'Connor). Ages about 11-18 (grades 6-12). Age rule: Terms say some areas may have age limits and users certify they meet them or have a guardian's permission. The privacy policy says children under 13 may not create an account without a guardian's permission or a teacher's class code. The AI chatbot is for school personnel 18+ only. Free: Free for students, teachers and families (Oct 2026); funded by donations.. Ads: none. A strong free choice for middle and high school civics; younger children will find most games too advanced. - [iD Tech](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/id-tech) by internalDrive, Inc. (iD Tech). Ages 7-19 (camps 7-17, teen academies 13-18). Age rule: The terms say programs serve ages 7-19, so younger campers may share space or rooms with 18-19 year olds, who must pass a criminal and sex-offender background check for on-campus programs. Parents register and agree to the terms for the child. Paid: Week-long day camps about $979-$1,499; teen academies $4,599-$5,299; a $49 trial private lesson (USD, Oct 2026). Deposits and online program fees are non-refundable.. Ads: none. A strong but costly choice for tech-hungry kids whose families can afford camp; read the media release and refund terms before you pay. - [iFLYTEK Smart Dictionary Pen](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/iflytek-smart-dictionary-pen) by iFLYTEK. Ages students learning English, about 8+ (not stated). Age rule: The store terms state no minimum age; the store and website privacy policies say they are not aimed at children (the website says under 13). Paid: $199.99 USD from iFLYTEK's US store (Oct 2026), with optional paid accident protection.. Ads: none. Handy for older kids reading in a second language; parents who care about data and company ties may prefer a phone dictionary app. - [Ignite by Hatch](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/ignite-by-hatch) by Hatch Early Learning (Hatch, Inc.). Ages about 3-5 (pre-K). Age rule: Accounts for children are created by the school or program; Hatch says it needs parental consent, gathered through educators, to collect a child's personal data under COPPA. Through schools: App is free to download; schools and programs pay for licenses, pricing not public (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A purpose-built pre-K classroom app; ask your program how much screen time it uses and what child data it shares with Hatch. - [Ignite Reading](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/ignite-reading) by Ignite Reading. Ages grades 1-8, mostly early grades. Age rule: Provided through schools; under a data-sharing agreement the school authorizes data collection from under-13s, and a parent may withdraw it. Through schools: District contracts, pricing not public (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A promising high-dose tutoring model for early readers; ask your school how recordings are stored. - [Illustrative Mathematics (IM Math)](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/illustrative-mathematics) by Illustrative Mathematics (nonprofit). Ages grades TK-12 (about 4-18). Age rule: Registering for an account requires being 18 or older, or using it under a parent's or guardian's supervision. IM says it does not knowingly collect personal information from children under 13; student content needs no login and is meant for classrooms with an adult present. Free: Free online at accessim.org (Oct 2026); printed books and enhanced digital platforms are sold by IM Certified partners at school pricing, not public.. Ads: none. A solid free choice for parents who want to see or reinforce what school math is teaching, and for homeschoolers comfortable leading lessons; families wanting a self-running app should look elsewhere. - [Imagine Forest](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/imagine-forest) by Imagine Forest (founder Safia Begum). Ages about 6-14. Age rule: Not stated in terms. The terms speak to children directly ("ask a grown-up to read these for you") and set safety rules for members, such as never sharing personal details or friend codes with strangers, but give no minimum age or parent-consent step. Free: Free; the FAQ says all features are free and there is no option to pay to remove ads (Oct 2026).. Ads: yes. A handy free spark for reluctant young writers if a parent is fine with ads; families who want an ad-free, tracker-free space should look elsewhere. - [Imagine Language & Literacy](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/imagine-language-and-literacy) by Imagine Learning. Ages about 4-12 (grades pre-K-6). Age rule: End-user terms say you must be at least 13 to accept them; children under 13 may use it only with parental consent or consent from the account holder (the school) under COPPA. Student accounts are created by the school district, not by families. Through schools: School and district licenses; pricing not public (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A reasonable choice for schools with many English learners in the early grades; families cannot buy it and should ask their school what it records. - [iMovie](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/imovie) by Apple. Ages about 6+. Age rule: The app needs no account of its own. Downloading it needs an Apple Account: 13+ in the US, and children under 13 get an account only when a parent creates it through Family Sharing; Ask to Buy is on by default for them. Free: Free on iPhone, iPad and Mac (Oct 2026). Needs a recent Apple device (the iPhone app lists iOS 27 or later).. Ads: none. The easy first pick for families and schools with Apple devices; Windows, Android and Chromebook users need another editor. - [iNaturalist](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/inaturalist) by iNaturalist (nonprofit). Ages 13+; younger only through a parent-made account. Age rule: 13+ unless parental permission has been obtained. A child 12 or under needs a parent to create the account through iNaturalist's minor sign-up, which requires a US$1 card donation to prove the parent is an adult (refundable on request). Accounts found to belong to under-13s without consent are suspended. Free: Free, no subscriptions (Oct 2026). Parents pay a US$1 refundable donation to set up a child account.. Ads: none. Excellent for teens and for families who post together under a parent's account; younger children should start with Seek. - [Instagram (Teen Accounts)](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/instagram) by Meta. Ages 13+. Age rule: You must be at least 13 years old to use Instagram, and you must not be barred from the service under applicable law. Free: Free with ads (Oct 2026); optional paid features such as creator subscriptions are in-app purchases.. Ads: yes. For teens 13+ only with supervision set up in Family Center; parents should not rely on Teen Accounts alone. - [Instructables](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/instructables) by Autodesk. Ages 13+ to post; younger kids with an adult. Age rule: Terms: you must be 13 or older to access or use the service; if you are not an adult, a parent or guardian must agree to the terms for you and supervise your use. Free: Free (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A rich idea bank for teens and parents planning projects together; younger kids should browse with an adult. - [International Children's Digital Library](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/international-childrens-digital-library) by ICDL Foundation with the University of Maryland. Ages about 3-13. Age rule: Not stated; there are no terms of use. The site says books are for personal use only and may not be redistributed. Free: Free; no ads or sign-up (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A quiet, ad-free treasure for families looking for picture books in a home language; children wanting modern, polished reading apps will find it dated. - [IXL](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/ixl) by IXL Learning. Ages about 4-18 (pre-K to grade 12). Age rule: IXL sells only to adults. Under 18 may use it only with a parent's or guardian's involvement and consent, or through their school. Children under 13 cannot create their own account; they use a child profile under a parent account or a school account. Paid: Family memberships (USD, Oct 2026): $9.95 a month for one subject, $15.95 for math plus language arts, $19.95 for math, language arts, science and social studies. Schools pay site-license prices by quote.. Ads: none. Good for families and schools that want lots of standards-aligned practice with clear reports; kids who get anxious about scores or need concept teaching may do better elsewhere. - [Jamie Oliver's 10 Skills (Ministry of Food)](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/jamie-oliver-10-skills) by Jamie Oliver Enterprises Limited. Ages about 3-14 (UK primary and secondary; US schools and community groups). Age rule: The general Jamie Oliver terms set no minimum age for using the site, but anyone sending photos, entries or other contributions must be 18 or older. Students reach 10 Skills only through a login from their teacher, and under-16s are pointed to a separate children's privacy notice. Through schools: Free for registered schools, educators and community groups (Oct 2026).. Ads: unknown. A good free starting point for schools and clubs teaching basic cooking; families cooking at home will get more from free recipe sites, since this is built for classrooms. - [Jan](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/jan) by Menlo Research. Ages about 16+ with a parent (no terms found). Age rule: Not stated; we found no terms of service and the privacy page sets no age. Free: Free and open source; cloud models cost whatever the provider charges (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A tidy local AI app for a skilled older teen with a parent involved; not for younger kids. - [Joon](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/joon) by Joon App, Inc.. Ages 6-12. Age rule: Built for parents to use with their children. Children cannot create accounts themselves; a parent, guardian, therapist or educator invites them, and Joon collects data from under-13s only after a parent agrees under COPPA. Parents must consent before kids use the AI voice or photo features. Free, with paid extras: Free version forever; premium after a 7-day trial is $12.99/month or from $89.99/year (USD, Oct 2026).. Ads: unknown. Worth a try for families of kids 6-12 who resist routines; parents can leave the AI voice off and judge results for themselves. - [k-ID Family Connect](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/k-id-family-connect) by k-ID (Kidentify Pte. Ltd.). Ages parents of children and teens who play online games. Age rule: Terms say anyone without legal capacity to accept them must have a parent or guardian accept on their behalf, and parents are responsible for their children's use. The portal itself is for 'trusted adults'. Free: Free for families (Oct 2026); k-ID says it is paid by the game and app companies that use it.. Ads: none. Useful for parents whose children play k-ID games, since it gathers consent in one place; it is not a general parental-control app. - [K12 online school](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/k12-online-school) by Stride, Inc.. Ages grades K-12 (about 5-18), plus online pre-K. Age rule: No minimum age in the terms. In school use, the school creates the child's account and gives consent for the parent; outside school (for example the national K12 Zone), a child under 13 needs a parent's consent. Stride says it does not knowingly collect sensitive data from under-13s except from a parent or through school use. Free: No tuition for K12-powered online public schools where your state has one; families supply printer ink, paper and similar items. Private academy, homeschool courses and tutoring cost extra (Oct 2026).. Ads: unknown. Worth a look for families who need full-time school at home and can supervise daily; families wanting a light supplement should look elsewhere. - [K5 Learning](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/k5-learning) by K5 Learning. Ages about 5-11 (grades K-5). Age rule: For adults only. The privacy policy says the site is meant for parents, tutors and teachers, is not directed at children, and children cannot create accounts or log in. Free, with paid extras: Most worksheets free. Membership $24 a year per teacher or family, $99 a year for schools; workbooks from about $4.89 (Oct 2026).. Ads: yes. Handy for parents who want quick printable practice for K-5; families looking for an interactive or adaptive program should look elsewhere. - [Kaggle Learn](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/kaggle-learn) by Kaggle (Google). Ages about 16 and up. Age rule: No one under 13 may use it. Ages 13-16 may not use the service until Kaggle receives verifiable parental consent, and anyone under 18 needs parental consent for each competition. Free: Free (Oct 2026).. Ads: unknown. A useful free next step for older teens who already code; younger kids are not allowed. - [Kahoot!](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/kahoot) by Kahoot! (Kahoot ASA). Ages about 6 and up; grades K-12 and adults. Age rule: No minimum age in the terms. 'Children' means under 13 in the US and under 16 elsewhere; a child who just joins a game gives only a nickname, a child account keeps only a scrambled email for password resets, and parents can add a child profile (first name only) inside their own account. Free, with paid extras: Free basic plan; teacher Kahoot!+ plans from $3 a month billed yearly ($36) up to $19 a month ($228 a year), or $9 to $35 month to month; family/personal plans from $3 a month billed yearly (USD, Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A fun group review game for classes and family quiz nights; less useful for deep learning or for kids who get anxious under time pressure. - [KAI: The Artificial Intelligence Robot](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/thames-kosmos-kai) by Thames & Kosmos. Ages 10+ with help, 12+ alone. Age rule: Store terms say the buyer must be the age of majority or let a minor dependent use the site; the privacy policy says the services are not for children. The app works offline. Paid: $99.95 (Oct 2026); needs 4 AAA batteries and a tablet or phone. Ads: none. A good, privacy-friendly introduction to machine learning for ages 10-14; younger kids will need an adult for the build. - [Kami](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/kami) by Kami (Kami Limited, also maker of Book Creator). Ages grades K-12 (about 5-18), plus adults. Age rule: Terms let a school, a teacher or a parent set up accounts for students; a parent buying for a child under 18 must give verifiable consent before the child can use it. The 'General Adult' account type is for people over 18. Free, with paid extras: Free Basic plan; Teacher plan $149 a year; personal Pro plan $12 a month or $85 a year; school and district plans priced by quote (USD, Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A practical school tool for marking up and turning in work, especially for kids who need read-aloud or translation; parents rarely need it at home. - [Kanopy (Kanopy Kids)](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/kanopy) by Kanopy, Inc. (policies published by OverDrive). Ages Kanopy Kids: about 2-8; main catalog: teens and adults. Age rule: Terms say users must be over 18 or the age of majority; younger people may use it only with a parent's or guardian's involvement. The privacy policy adds that children under 13 may not use it unless parental consent comes through the library or school that provides it. Free: Free with a participating library or university card (Oct 2026). Adult titles use monthly credits set by each library; Kanopy Kids is unlimited.. Ads: none. A good free, ad-free video shelf for young children when a parent sets up Kanopy Kids; check whether your library subscribes. - [KenKen](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/kenken) by KenKen. Ages about 7 and up (3x3 grids for beginners). Age rule: The terms of service give no minimum age. The privacy policy says KenKen does not knowingly collect personal information about children under 13. Free, with paid extras: Free daily puzzles with ads; ad-free Premium US$2.99 a month or US$29.99 a year (Oct 2026). Fees are non-refundable under the terms.. Ads: yes. A good free math-and-logic habit for kids who like Sudoku; pay for Premium or use the teacher emails if ads are a problem. - [Keybr](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/keybr) by keybr.com. Ages about 10+. Age rule: Not stated in terms. Free, with paid extras: Free with ads; premium is a one-time $10 payment for no ads and no trackers (Oct 2026).. Ads: yes. A solid free trainer for teens serious about touch typing; young kids will do better with a game-style tutor. - [Khan Academy](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/khan-academy) by Khan Academy (nonprofit). Ages about 5-18 and adults (grades K-12, plus college and test prep). Age rule: Under 13 in the US (or under the age of consent in your country) cannot open an account without a parent's approval or a school's setup. Under 18 must have a parent review and accept the terms. Any use of the AI features by under-18s must be supervised and the account linked to a parent or teacher account. Free: Free for everyone (Oct 2026). The optional Khanmigo AI tutor is $4 a month or $44 a year for parents and learners; free for teachers; district pricing for schools.. Ads: none. A strong free default for families and schools that will set a weekly routine; kids who need a game to stay engaged may do better with something more playful. - [Khan Academy Kids](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/khan-academy-kids) by Khan Academy (nonprofit). Ages 2-8 (preschool to grade 2). Age rule: Meant for children under 13 only with a parent's consent and oversight, or through a teacher or school. An adult with a verified email must download the app and create the account first. Free: Free, with no subscription (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. An easy first learning app for preschool and early grades; families who want a structured phonics program may want to pair it with one. - [Khanmigo](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/khanmigo) by Khan Academy. Ages school-age children and teens (under 18 through a parent or school). Age rule: Under 13 (US) needs a parent's or school's approval to have any account. Any use of Khanmigo by someone under 18 must be supervised, and the child's account must be linked to a parent or teacher account. Free, with paid extras: $4 a month or $44 a year for families (up to 10 children) or for individual learners, plus sales tax (Oct 2026); free for teachers; district pricing on request. Ads: none. A low-cost first pick for families who want an AI homework helper that holds back answers and lets a parent watch; less useful if your child won't type questions. - [KIBO](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/kibo) by KinderLab Robotics. Ages about 4-11 (pre-K to grade 5). Age rule: Not stated in terms; the robot works offline with no account or app. Paid: KIBO 10 Home Edition $270, KIBO 15 Home Edition $400; school kits $310 (KIBO 10) to $820 (KIBO 21) (Oct 2026). Ads: none. A well-researched, data-free coding kit for ages 4-11 that suits schools and committed families; the price is the main barrier. - [Kiddle](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/kiddle) by Kiddle (not affiliated with Google). Ages young kids who search the web. Age rule: No terms or accounts; no age rule stated. Free: Free (Oct 2026).. Ads: yes. A handy free search page for young kids at home or school; set it as the homepage alongside other filters, not instead of them. - [Kiddopia](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/kiddopia) by Paper Boat Apps Pvt Ltd (Kiddopia, Inc.). Ages about 2-7. Age rule: Not stated in terms. The terms speak to the paying adult; the app privacy policy says the app is directed to children under 13 and personal details like email are collected only from parents. Paid: 7-day free trial, then $12.99 a month or $79.99 a year (Oct 2026, website prices); a limited free tier exists in the app.. Ads: none. Suits families who want one big, ad-free preschool app with lots of variety; skip it if you prefer fewer, deeper activities or no subscription. - [Kiddoware Safe Browser (with Kids Place)](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/kiddoware-safe-browser) by Kiddoware (General Solutions and Services, LLC). Ages about 4-15. Age rule: The Kiddoware terms say users must be older than 13, so the account belongs to the parent, who sets up the device for the child. Free, with paid extras: Essential free; Kids Place plan $4.99/month or $24.99/year; Kiddoware plan (adds Safe Browser and web filtering) $8.99/month or $39.99/year, or $99.99 one-time (USD, Oct 2026).. Ads: unknown. A workable filtered browser for families with younger kids on Android tablets; iPhone families should use Apple's built-in controls. - [Kidgeni](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/kidgeni) by Kidgeni Inc.. Ages about 5-12. Age rule: Account holders must be adults; children use kid profiles (username and PIN) created under a parent, guardian or teacher account. Free, with paid extras: Free with 500 Sparks a month; paid $99.99 or $199.99 a year (about $8.33 or $16.67 a month), Schools $990 a year (Oct 2026); extra Spark packs sold. Ads: none. A reasonable pick for families or classes that want a supervised AI art and comic space for under-13s; skip if you want kids drawing or writing without AI. - [KidiZoom Smart Watch MAX](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/vtech-kidizoom-smart-watch) by VTech. Ages 4+ (maker). Age rule: Sold as a toy for ages 4+. VTech's privacy policy says anyone under 18 needs a parent's permission before giving VTech personal information such as photos, voice or messages through its services, and Learning Lodge downloads need a registered account (email and password). Paid: £49.99 in the UK (Oct 2026, listed as temporarily out of stock); extra apps from the Learning Lodge store.. Ads: none. A fun offline gadget for young kids who want a 'watch like a grown-up'; parents wanting location tracking or calls need a different kind of device. - [KidLit TV](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/kidlit-tv) by KidLit TV (founded by Julie Gribble). Ages about 3-12. Age rule: No terms page found. The privacy page asks children under 13 to contact the site only through a teacher's, librarian's or parent's email, with permission. Free: Free (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A pleasant free way to meet authors and draw along; best watched with a grown-up who skips the trailers. - [Kids Cook Real Food](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/kids-cook-real-food) by Kitchen Stewardship LLC (Raising Healthy Families, Katie Kimball). Ages about 2-12 (Teens Cook Real Food for 13-21 is on a waitlist). Age rule: The privacy policy says anyone giving personal data must be over 13, a person over 13 must make the purchase, and children under 13 must be supervised by an adult while doing the cooking classes. The course terms set no other age limit. Paid: VIP access to all 3 levels is a one-time $197, or four payments of $59 (Oct 2026). Videos are downloadable and access does not expire. 30-day full refund.. Ads: none. Suits parents who want a structured plan to teach several kids real kitchen skills at home; skip it if you want a kid to learn alone from an app. - [Kids Eat in Color](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/kids-eat-in-color) by Kids Eat in Color, LLC. Ages for parents of kids 0-18; BetterBites targets ages 1-5. Age rule: Terms say you must be at least 18 to use the website, templates, courses and products. The BetterBites app is rated 13+ on the App Store. Paid: Free articles and guide. BetterBites founding-member price is $84 every 3 months or $134 every 6 months (listed as down from $110 and $220) (Oct 2026); the maker says it is FSA/HSA eligible. Ebooks run about $13-$52 on sale.. Ads: unknown. Worth a look for parents worried about a young picky eater who want daily coaching; a child with weight loss or severe food refusal needs a doctor first. - [Kids Web Services (KWS) parent verification](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/kids-web-services-kws) by Kids Web Services Ltd (Epic Games); originally built by SuperAwesome. Ages used by parents of children under their country's digital consent age. Age rule: For adults only: KWS exists to confirm that the person giving consent for a child is an adult. Each game or app sets its own age rules for the child. Free: Free for parents and developers (maker, Oct 2026). US card checks charge $0.05, refunded within 8-13 business days.. Ads: none. Parents will meet it rather than choose it; know which method shares the least before you start, and skip the SSN option if a card check is offered. - [KidsGardening](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/kidsgardening) by KidsGardening (Kids Garden Community nonprofit, Vermont). Ages grades Pre-K-12 (through adults). Age rule: The online Kids Garden Community forum says all members must be at least 18. The main site has no terms of use or age rule we could find. Free, with paid extras: Free lessons and activities; downloads and courses about $5-$15 each; Content Club $5 a month for a $7 monthly store credit (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A strong free resource for teachers and parents who want to garden with kids; not something a child would browse on their own. - [KidzSearch](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/kidzsearch) by KidzSearch. Ages about 7-14. Age rule: Anyone can use it without registering. Features that need an email or account, like KidzTalk notifications, require users to be 13+ or have verified parental consent. The iOS app is rated 13+. Free: Free with ads (Oct 2026).. Ads: yes. A reasonable filtered search page for younger students; parents may want to block the community sections. - [KidzType](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/kidztype) by KidzType (Chennai, India). Ages about 6-12. Age rule: Not stated in terms. The privacy policy says it does not require any personal information from children. Free: Free, ad-supported (Oct 2026).. Ads: yes. Fine for quick free practice at home; families wanting no ads or real progress tracking should pick an ad-free tutor. - [Kindle Colorsoft Kids](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/kindle-colorsoft-kids) by Amazon. Ages about 3-12 (Amazon Kids+ is designed for 3-12). Age rule: Bought and set up by an adult on their Amazon account; the child reads in a child profile. Amazon says it needs verifiable parental consent under COPPA before collecting personal information from a child under 13. Amazon Kids+ is billed to the adult and auto-renews. Paid: $299.99 on the Amazon listing (Oct 2026; launched at $269.99), including 12 months of Amazon Kids+, then Kids+ renews from $7.99 a month plus tax.. Ads: none. A focused, distraction-free reader for kids who love comics or illustrated books; families happy with black-and-white text may prefer a non-color Kindle Kids. - [Kindle Kids](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/kindle-kids) by Amazon. Ages about 6-12. Age rule: Bought and set up by an adult on the adult's Amazon account; kids use a child profile. Amazon's privacy notice says under-18s use Amazon only with a parent involved and it does not knowingly collect data from under-13s without consent. Paid: $179.99 (Oct 2026) including a 1-year Kids+ subscription that renews automatically; Kids+ then costs $7.99 a month for Prime members or $8.99 without.. Ads: none. A solid distraction-free reader for chapter-book kids in Amazon's world; families wanting color can look at the Colorsoft kids model. - [Kinedu](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/kinedu) by Kinedu, Inc. (Kinedu SAPI de CV). Ages parents of children from pregnancy to 4 years. Age rule: Terms are written for the adult who signs up; they do not set a numeric minimum age, and the app is meant to be used by parents or guardians on behalf of their child. Free, with paid extras: 7-day free trial, then paid; App Store in-app prices include $8.99-$12.99 a month and $39.99-$79.99 a year for Premium, and $19.99 a month for 'learn' (USD, Oct 2026).. Ads: yes. Helpful for new parents who want daily play ideas; skip it if you dislike subscriptions or comparing your baby with charts, and talk to a pediatrician about real concerns. - [Kinzoo Messenger](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/kinzoo) by Kinzoo. Ages young kids to tweens, on a parent-made account. Age rule: The terms must be accepted by a parent or guardian on the child's behalf; a parent creates a Parent Account first, then a Child Account. No numeric minimum age is set. Free, with paid extras: Free (Oct 2026); optional extras such as stickers and face filters are sold in the app.. Ads: none. A good first messenger for under-13s whose friends will also join; check the in-app store settings. - [Kira](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/kira-learning) by Kira Learning. Ages about 11-18 (middle and high school courses). Age rule: Individual users must be 13 or older, and a parent must accept the terms for anyone under adulthood. Younger students may use it as part of school curriculum, covered by a separate COPPA notice for children under 13. Through schools: Free for Tennessee educators through the state partnership; other schools and districts must contact sales (pricing not public, Oct 2026).. Ads: unknown. Worth a look for schools teaching computer science, especially in Tennessee; parents can ask the school how student chats with the tutor are stored and used. - [KiwiCo](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/kiwico) by KiwiCo, Inc.. Ages 0-100 (crate lines by age). Age rule: Terms: you must be at least 18 to use the site or services; the privacy policy says it does not knowingly collect data from children under 16. Kids use the crates; parents hold the account. Paid: Subscriptions start at about $24 a month for most lines; Panda Crate $42 every two months (Oct 2026). Free US shipping; cheaper per crate on longer plans.. Ads: none. A convenient way to bring regular hands-on building into the home; families on a budget can find free project guides instead. - [Knowt](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/knowt) by Knowt Inc.. Ages about 13-18 and college. Age rule: Users must be at least 13. Anyone under 18 needs verifiable consent from a parent or guardian before using any AI feature. The service is not directed at children under 13. Free, with paid extras: Free basic plan with ads. Ultra costs $149.99 a year (shown as $12.99 a month) or $24.99 month to month on the web, with a 3-day free trial (USD, Oct 2026). App store prices vary, including a $9.99 weekly plan on iPhone.. Ads: yes. A solid free flashcard and test-prep tool for teens 13+, best when a parent has given the AI consent the terms require; kids under 13 should not use it. - [Kodable](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/kodable) by SurfScore, Inc. (Kodable Education). Ages about 5-11 (grades K-5). Age rule: The dashboard terms say only adults 18+ may use the website and dashboard (parents and teachers); there is no age limit on the Kodable games, which children play through an adult's account. Free, with paid extras: Families: $24.99 a month, $119.99 a year, or $199.99 lifetime after a 7-day free trial (Oct 2026). Schools: free Kickstart plan; Premium $1,750, Premium+ $2,500, All Access $3,500 per site per year.. Ads: none. A solid first coding path for K-5 at school or home; families after free tools may prefer Scratch or Code.org. - [Krazydad](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/krazydad) by Jim Bumgardner. Ages about 6 and up (privacy policy says the site is meant for 13+). Age rule: The privacy policy says the site, products and services are directed to people 13 or older and that it collects no information from anyone under 13. There are no separate terms beyond a copyright note. Free: Free; the author asks for optional donations (a suggested $10 via PayPal) and sells puzzle books (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A great free, ad-free source of printable logic puzzles for families and classrooms, with a parent choosing the right level for younger kids. - [Krita](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/krita) by Krita (open-source project). Ages about 10+. Age rule: Not stated; there are no terms or account. Krita is free software under an open-source license. Free: Free download (Oct 2026). Optional paid copies on Steam, Epic, Microsoft Store and Mac App Store fund development and auto-update; prices not shown on the site.. Ads: none. The best free choice for a teen serious about digital painting on a computer; younger kids may find it too complex. - [Kumon Math and Reading Program (with Kumon Connect)](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/kumon-math-and-reading) by Kumon North America, Inc.. Ages about 3 to high school. Age rule: No age rule found in a published terms page; parents enroll children at a center. The privacy statement says Kumon does not knowingly collect information from children under 13 beyond what is needed to enroll and plan their study, without parental consent. Paid: Monthly tuition is set by each local center and is not published on kumon.com (Oct 2026); Kumon Connect has no extra fee, but families must supply a tablet and stylus.. Ads: none. Suits families who want a steady daily practice habit in math or reading with a local instructor; skip it if your child needs concept-first teaching or already has a heavy homework load. - [Labster](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/labster) by Labster ApS. Ages about 13-18 (high school), mostly college. Age rule: Terms say a child under 13 who is not a school-registered student cannot create an account without a parent's consent, and anyone under 18 outside school use must have a parent agree to the terms. School 'Student Users' are registered by their institution. Through schools: Custom pricing by quote for schools and colleges, or per course through campus bookstores (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A good add-on for high school science classes that lack lab space or equipment; it should prepare students for hands-on labs, not replace them. - [Lalilo](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/lalilo) by Renaissance. Ages grades K-2 (about 5-8). Age rule: Through schools only. Renaissance's website terms set no age; its privacy hub says the school controls all student data and Renaissance acts on the school's instructions. Through schools: School and district pricing, not public; demo by request (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. Fine as classroom phonics practice if your school uses it; families cannot buy it directly. - [LeapFrog Academy](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/leapfrog-academy) by LeapFrog Enterprises, Inc. (owned by VTech). Ages about 3-6. Age rule: Membership terms say you must be at least 18 to buy the subscription; children play inside a parent's account and may give a first name and grade in a child profile. Paid: 1-month free trial, then $7.99 a month or $39.99 a year; renews automatically (USD, Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A gentle, ad-free practice app for preschoolers and kindergartners; families who want free options or fewer rewards may prefer other apps. - [Learn.Genetics](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/learn-genetics-utah) by Genetic Science Learning Center, University of Utah. Ages about 11-18 (grades 6-12). Age rule: Not stated; no accounts or age rule for students. A permissions policy allows free classroom use with credit. Free: Free (Oct 2026); optional free teacher accounts on Teach.Genetics.. Ads: none. An excellent free biology resource for middle and high school students; too advanced for most young children. - [Learning Ally](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/learning-ally) by Learning Ally, Inc. (nonprofit). Ages grades PreK-12, plus college and adults. Age rule: Not stated as an age in the terms. Use is limited by copyright law to people with a reading deficit, blindness, low vision or physical disability confirmed by a qualified educator or evaluator; parents sign up for children. Paid: Family membership $135 a year (Oct 2026); free to students whose school or district has a membership. US only.. Ads: none. A strong choice for a child with dyslexia or a print disability who needs grade-level books; check first whether the school already provides it free. - [Legends of Learning](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/legends-of-learning) by Legends of Learning. Ages about 5-14 (grades K-8). Age rule: Not offered directly to students. Teachers (18+) or schools create accounts and invite students; for under-13s the school or teacher gives consent. Parents can create parent and child accounts for Awakening; you must be 18+ to buy. Free, with paid extras: Basic teacher accounts free. Premium Classroom $790 a year per teacher; school plan $4,450 a year (400-1,000 students); districts by quote. Family Adventure Pass $9.99 a month, $42.99 for 6 months or $59.99 a year (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A strong fit for K-8 classrooms that want game-based science and math; parents wary of reward loops and paid passes should watch how their child uses Awakening. - [LEGO Builder](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/lego-builder-app) by The LEGO Group. Ages about 4+ (rated 4+). Age rule: LEGO's app terms say the app is for all ages, but minors (generally under 18) need a parent or guardian's permission and the parent should read the terms first. LEGO's privacy policy says it seeks parental consent for personal data from anyone under 16. Free: Free (Oct 2026); you need the physical LEGO set to build.. Ads: none. A useful free companion for any LEGO family, especially for siblings sharing one build; skip it if you prefer screen-free paper instructions. - [LEGO Education Computer Science & AI](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/lego-education-computer-science-ai) by LEGO Education. Ages grades K-8 (three kits: K-2, 3-5, 6-8). Age rule: Classroom product; LEGO says Coding Canvas needs no student login and saves data only on the device. School terms apply; no child age rule found. Through schools: Single kits (4 students) $339.95 (K-2), $429.95 (3-5), $529.95 (6-8); 24-student bundles $2,249 to $3,499; Teacher Portal free (Oct 2026). Ads: none. A strong option for K-8 schools wanting hands-on AI literacy with careful data design; families should note it is sold in classroom kits. - [LEGO Play](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/lego-play) by The LEGO Group. Ages about 5-12 (rated 4+). Age rule: LEGO's app terms say the app is for all ages, but minors (generally under 18) need parental permission. Verified Parental Consent is required to unlock sharing and the full app, and LEGO seeks parental consent for personal data from anyone under 16. Free: Free, with no in-app purchases or third-party ads, per LEGO (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. One of the safer first social apps for LEGO-loving kids, thanks to pre-moderation and parental consent; families who want no social feed at all should stick to LEGO Builder. - [LEGO.com for kids](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/lego-com-for-kids) by The LEGO Group. Ages about 5-12. Age rule: No minimum age; the site is made for children and has no separate terms page we could find. Its privacy policy says LEGO shares a child's data only with a parent's permission if the child is under 16, and the cookie policy says marketing cookies are not offered to users known to be under 16. Free: Free to play (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A safe, ad-free place for LEGO fans to play short games; parents should know the whole site is a showcase for LEGO toys. - [Lemon8](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/lemon8) by TikTok USDS Joint Venture (US). Ages 13+. Age rule: You must be 13 or older to use Lemon8, and you need a TikTok account, which carries TikTok's own 13+ rule and terms. Free: Free (Oct 2026).. Ads: unknown. No reason for kids under 13; for teens it carries the same data terms as TikTok without TikTok's parent tools. - [Lexia Core5 Reading](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/lexia-core5-reading) by Lexia (Cambium Learning Group). Ages pre-K to grade 5. Age rule: Through schools only. Lexia's website terms set no age; student data is handled under district agreements, FERPA and COPPA. Through schools: School and district pricing, not public (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. One of the better-evidenced school reading programs, especially for struggling and disadvantaged readers; families get it only through a school. - [Lexile Find a Book](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/lexile-find-a-book) by MetaMetrics. Ages readers about 5-18 (tool used by adults). Age rule: The terms are written for educators, researchers and parents and do not state a minimum age. The privacy policy says MetaMetrics does not directly collect personal information from children through these services, though parents or schools may submit data about a child. Free: Free (Oct 2026): visitors get 5 searches a month without an account; a free Basic+ account gives unlimited searches and saved lists; premium features are free for educators in partner states.. Ads: none. Handy for parents holding a Lexile score from school who want library ideas; families without a score may find a librarian or grade-level lists just as useful. - [Libby](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/libby) by OverDrive. Ages all ages (kids' and teen collections inside a general library). Age rule: No Libby account is needed, only a library card (library rules vary). OverDrive's terms say an OverDrive account itself is for ages 13 and up. Free: Free with a participating library card (Oct 2026); popular titles often have wait lists.. Ads: none. Every family with a library card should know about it; parents of young kids should turn on Libby for Kids and lock it with a passkey. - [LibriVox](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/librivox) by LibriVox (volunteer project). Ages all ages (children's genres sit beside adult classics). Age rule: Not stated. No listener account is needed, and no terms of service page was found on the site. Free: Free; all recordings are in the public domain (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A free source of human-read classics for family listening; a parent should pick the book and preview the reader. - [Lichess](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/lichess) by Lichess.org (nonprofit association). Ages about 8+ with an adult; 15+ for own account. Age rule: You must be at least 15 and the legal age in your country to register, or be authorized by a parent or guardian. Teachers or parents can create kid accounts and must turn on kid mode. Free: Free; funded by donations (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. Excellent free chess for older kids and families; set up a kid account with kid mode for younger players. - [Lightbot](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/lightbot) by SpriteBox LLC (LightBot Inc.). Ages about 6 and up. Age rule: Not stated; no terms of service found. The privacy policy says it is aimed at people both under and over 13 and needs no personal information. Free, with paid extras: Lightbot: Code Hour free; Lightbot: Programming Puzzles $2.99 on the US App Store (Oct 2026), with no in-app purchases.. Ads: none. A neat logic puzzle if it runs on your device; try the free Code Hour version first before paying. - [Lightspeed Filter (with Lightspeed Alert)](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/lightspeed-filter-and-alert) by Lightspeed Systems (Lightspeed Solutions, LLC). Ages grades K-12 (about 5-18). Age rule: No age rule for students in the terms; the school or district is the licensee and decides which students and devices are covered. Students do not sign up or agree to anything themselves. Through schools: School and district pricing by request only; not public (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. Parents do not buy it, but if your child's school device runs Lightspeed, assume searches, chats and documents on it are seen by the school, and ask the district what Alert scans and who gets flagged cases. - [Linewize Monitor](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/linewize-monitor) by Qoria (Linewize). Ages grades K-12 on school accounts and devices. Age rule: School-only. Qoria acts as a 'school official' under FERPA; the school arranges consent and is responsible for telling families that monitoring is on. Through schools: District pricing, not public; a free 30-day 'Student Safety Audit' is offered to schools.. Ads: none. If your district uses it, ask what is monitored, who sees alerts, and whether it runs at home on school devices; it's a school decision, not a family one. - [Lingokids](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/lingokids) by Lingokids. Ages about 2-8. Age rule: Every account must have one adult user who is at least 18; children use it with the consent of a parent, guardian, teacher or school administrator. Free, with paid extras: Free Basic tier; Plus on the US App Store is listed at $14.99 a month or $71.99 to $89.99 a year (Oct 2026). Renews automatically.. Ads: none. A safe, ad-free screen-time app for preschoolers; parents who want focused reading instruction should pick a phonics app instead. - [Little Bins for Little Hands](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/little-bins-for-little-hands) by Little Bins for Little Hands. Ages about 3-13 (preschool to middle school). Age rule: Not stated; the site's terms and disclosure page set no age limit. It recommends adult supervision for all activities. Free, with paid extras: Activities are free with ads (Oct 2026). Lifetime Printable Library $97 one-time; All Access Shop Pass $297 one-time with no renewals.. Ads: yes. A go-to free idea bank for parents and teachers of young kids; expect lots of ads and supervise the messier experiments. - [Little Passports](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/little-passports) by Little Passports, Inc., a Begin brand (Conscious Content Media, Inc.). Ages about 3-12. Age rule: Accounts and purchases are for adults 18 and over; children use the mailed kits. Paid: Science Expeditions: $32 a month, or $27 a month billed $162 every 6 months, or $25 a month billed $300 a year; most kits start at $25 a month (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A good gift or monthly ritual for curious kids who like making things; families on a tight budget can find similar projects for free. - [LM Studio](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/lm-studio) by Element Labs, Inc.. Ages about 16+ with a parent (no age in terms). Age rule: Not stated in terms. The app terms and hub terms set no minimum age. Free, with paid extras: Free for local models; Bionic+ $20 USD a month and Pro $100 a month for cloud models (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. Fine for a skilled older teen with a parent involved; keep the Bionic agent away from kids and off any shared family computer. - [Loona Petbot](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/loona) by KEYi Tech. Ages not stated (marketed to families with kids). Age rule: Terms say you represent that you are at least 18 years old. Paid: Loona Petbot Premium $429 (list $529) in Oct 2026; no subscription listed on the product page. Ads: none. Could suit families who want a robot pet and will supervise it, but its camera, ChatGPT chat and thin privacy policy make it a poor fit for unsupervised young children. - [Lovevery Play Kits](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/lovevery-play-kits) by Lovevery. Ages 0-4. Age rule: Terms say the services are for adults 18 and older; 13- to 17-year-olds may use them only with a parent or guardian, who is the user. Paid: $88 per kit every 2 months (0-12 months) or $132 per kit every 3 months (ages 1-4) (Oct 2026); separate app subscription through app stores. Ads: none. Suits parents who want curated, screen-free toys and like a subscription; budget-minded families can find similar toys one at a time. - [Luka AI Reading Robot](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/luka-reading-robot) by Luka AI (Ling Technology; Lingverse Technology Pte. Ltd. and Luka (Beijing) Intelligent Technology Co.). Ages about 2-8. Age rule: The global terms say users under 18 should review them with a parent, and that users 13-18 may use the website only with a parent's involvement; the global privacy policy says the services are not directed to children under 13. The App Store rates the Luka apps 17+ and 18+, and says the parent app is for adults. Paid: Device price not listed on the maker's English site (Oct 2026); the older Luka Reading app sells add-on content subscriptions of 98-198 RMB a year.. Ads: none. May suit families wanting a picture-book reader for preschoolers, but read the privacy terms carefully first; families wary of cameras and overseas data handling should skip it. - [Machine Learning for Kids](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/machine-learning-for-kids) by Dale Lane (independent, built with IBM Watson APIs). Ages about 8-16 (schools and code clubs). Age rule: No minimum age. Students cannot make their own accounts: teachers create them and are responsible for getting parental consent where the law requires. A 'Try it now' mode needs no login and deletes everything after four hours. Free: Free (Oct 2026). Teachers with 'unmanaged' class accounts must supply their own IBM Cloud API keys.. Ads: none. Good for a teacher, club leader or hands-on parent who wants kids to build real AI projects in Scratch; less suited to a child working alone at home. - [MagicSchool](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/magicschool) by Magic School, Inc.. Ages grades K-12 (students only through a teacher). Age rule: Accounts are for teachers and school staff of legal age to sign a contract. Students can use it only when a school or teacher enables access for school purposes and consent requirements are met. Free, with paid extras: Free for individual teachers; Plus is $8.33 per user a month billed yearly or $12.99 month to month (USD, Oct 2026); district Enterprise by quote.. Ads: none. A reasonable choice for schools that train teachers to check its output; parents should ask whether it is used for IEPs or behavior plans, where testing found bias. - [Make: and Maker Camp](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/make-maker-camp) by Make Community, LLC. Ages under 5 to 14+ (Maker Camp); magazine for teens and adults. Age rule: The terms of use set no minimum age. The privacy policy says Make: follows COPPA and does not knowingly collect data from children under 13 without parental consent. Maker Camp sites are run by adults. Free, with paid extras: Maker Camp is free to register and use (Oct 2026); supply packs sold in the Maker Shed. Make: magazine is $24.99 a year print, $29.99 digital or $49.99 premium; Make: membership $59.99 a year.. Ads: yes. A strong free option for parents, librarians or teachers willing to lead a summer or after-school maker group; not a self-serve kids' app. - [Makeblock Codey Rocky](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/makeblock-codey-rocky) by Makeblock. Ages 6+ (maker's age grouping). Age rule: Makeblock's terms say you must be 18 to create an account or accept them; anyone under 18 may use the service only under direct supervision of a parent, guardian or educator, who accepts the terms for them. Paid: $139.99, or $157.99 with a Bluetooth dongle (Makeblock US store, Oct 2026). Ads: none. Suits early-elementary kids who want a ready-to-go coding robot; kids who like building should look at mBot2 instead. - [Makeblock CyberPi](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/makeblock-cyberpi) by Makeblock. Ages about 10+ (maker lists CyberPi under 12+; Go Kit aimed at beginners). Age rule: Makeblock's terms say you must be 18 to create an account or accept them; anyone under 18 may use the service only under direct supervision of a parent, guardian or educator, who accepts the terms for them. Paid: CyberPi Go Kit $54.99; Project-based Coding Kit $154.99 (Makeblock US store, Oct 2026). Ads: none. A cheap, capable first coding gadget for tweens; younger kids will need an adult or a simpler robot. - [Makeblock mBot2 (with AI Camera 2.0)](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/makeblock-mbot2) by Makeblock. Ages about 8+ (maker lists mBot2 under 6+ and the AI Camera under 8+). Age rule: Makeblock's terms say you must be 18 to create an account or accept them; anyone under 18 may use the service only under direct supervision of a parent, guardian or educator, who accepts the terms for them. Paid: mBot2 $149.99 list, shown at $94.99 on a limited-time sale; AI Camera 2.0 $129.99; mBot2 AI Learning Kit (robot plus camera) $279.99 (Makeblock US store, Oct 2026). Ads: none. A solid pick for upper-elementary and middle-school students learning robotics and how vision AI is trained; families wanting a no-account, no-camera toy should look elsewhere. - [Makey Makey](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/makey-makey) by JoyLabz / Makey Makey LLC. Ages 8+ (the box says ages 8 to infinity). Age rule: No account needed; the board acts as a USB keyboard. The store terms require buyers to be of legal age or to consent for their minor dependents. Paid: Makey Makey Classic $51.95 (Oct 2026); booster kits and classroom packs cost more.. Ads: none. A fun, low-risk way to spark interest in circuits for kids 8+; kids who want to program hardware directly should look at a micro:bit or Circuit Playground. - [Mango Languages](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/mango-languages) by Creative Empire, LLC (d/b/a Mango Languages). Ages about 8 and up (K-12 school plans; family profiles for kids). Age rule: Mango does not sell to anyone under 18; under-18s may use it only with a parent's or guardian's involvement and consent, or through their school. In the US, verifiable parental consent is needed before collecting data from under-13s, who can join a parent's family plan as a profile. Paid: Individual $13.99 a month or $10 a month billed yearly; Family (up to 5 profiles) $19.99 a month or $12.50 a month billed yearly (Oct 2026). Free through many public libraries; school pricing not public.. Ads: none. Worth checking your library card first: a solid, conversation-first language course for older kids and teens, less suited to young children who need games to stay engaged. - [MAP Growth](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/map-growth) by NWEA. Ages grades K-12. Age rule: School-only. NWEA relies on the school, acting for parents, to give COPPA consent for students under 13 and to handle FERPA notices; parents get access to their child's data through the school. Through schools: School and district pricing, not public.. Ads: none. Parents can't choose it, but it helps to read the RIT report and ask the school how scores are used and which student fields it shares. - [Marty the Robot](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/marty-the-robot) by Robotical. Ages 4+ (maker says learners as young as 4). Age rule: Website terms (last updated 2018) say you must be the age of majority where you live, and adults may consent to let minor dependents use the site; no app-specific age rule found. Paid: Marty the Robot V2 $449 ex tax; class pack of 5 $2,225 (Robotical store, Oct 2026); app free with no subscriptions. Ads: none. Great for schools that want a robot kids remember, from age 4 up; budget-minded families should weigh the $449 price and ask about the app's tracking. - [MatataStudio Coding Set Pro](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/matatastudio-coding-set-pro) by MatataStudio (Matatalab). Ages about 4-9 (maker recommends 5 and up). Age rule: Shop terms say you must be the age of majority, or use the services with a parent's permission and supervision. Paid: $229.99 (MatataStudio shop, Oct 2026). Ads: none. A rich, offline coding kit for ages 5-8; families who already have a button robot may not need it. - [MatataStudio Nous AI Set](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/matatastudio-nous-ai-set) by MatataStudio (Matatalab). Ages 12+. Age rule: Not stated in terms; the maker's privacy policy covers only its website. Paid: $199.99 at the MatataStudio shop (Oct 2026). Ads: unknown. Promising for teens learning how machine learning works, but schools and parents should ask the maker for an app privacy policy before students use its chat features. - [MatataStudio Tale-Bot Pro](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/matatastudio-tale-bot-pro) by MatataStudio (Matatalab). Ages 3+. Age rule: Shop terms say you must be the age of majority, or use the services with a parent's permission and supervision; no app or child-specific rule found. Paid: $99.99 (MatataStudio shop, Oct 2026). Ads: none. A gentle first robot for ages 3-6 that keeps screens out; kids past kindergarten will want something with more depth. - [Math Academy](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/math-academy) by Math Academy. Ages about 9-18 and adults (4th grade math up). Age rule: Only adults (age of majority) can create accounts. A parent or guardian sets up child accounts, and children must use an anonymous username. Paid: $49 a month per student (Oct 2026). No free trial; full refund if cancelled within 30 days.. Ads: none. A serious option for math-keen kids and homeschoolers who want to move fast; a child who needs encouragement or a human teacher may find it too self-driven. - [Math Antics](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/math-antics) by Math Plus Motion, LLC. Ages about 8-14 (grades 3-8 topics). Age rule: You must be 13 or older to subscribe. Under-13s may use the site only with a responsible adult who agrees to the terms. The rule sits in the privacy policy; the terms of use name no age. Free, with paid extras: Videos free. Membership with printable worksheets is a one-time $20 for a year; it does not auto-renew (Oct 2026). No school-wide licenses.. Ads: none. A strong free explainer for a child stuck on a basic math idea; families who need practice, feedback or a full course should pair it with something else. - [Math in Focus: Singapore Math](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/math-in-focus) by HMH (Houghton Mifflin Harcourt), with Marshall Cavendish Education. Ages grades K-8 (about 5-14). Age rule: HMH's terms set no age. Its PreK-12 products privacy policy says students reach the platform through a school, and the school gives the COPPA consent for students under 13 when it subscribes. Through schools: School pricing, not public (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. Good news if your school uses it; parents helping at home should learn the bar-model approach, and families shopping on their own will find it hard to buy. - [Math is Fun](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/math-is-fun) by Rod Pierce (MathsIsFun.com). Ages about 6-18 (K-12). Age rule: Not stated: the site has no terms of use page. The privacy statement lets parents of under-18s review or delete progress data tied to a username. Free: Free; paid for by ads, with no subscriptions (Oct 2026). Ads can be hidden for 36 hours at a time.. Ads: yes. A dependable free math reference for looking things up at home; a child who needs a structured course or tutoring will want more. - [Math Learning Center Apps (Math MultiApp)](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/math-learning-center-apps) by The Math Learning Center (nonprofit). Ages grades K-8 (about 5-14). Age rule: Not stated in terms. The apps need no login, and the website terms cover general use of the site. Free: Free (Oct 2026): no subscriptions and no login, per the maker.. Ads: none. A clean, free toolbox for parents and teachers who already know what to teach; children looking for a self-guided math game will be bored. - [Math Mammoth](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/math-mammoth) by Maria Miller. Ages grades K-8. Age rule: Not stated; there is no terms of service page. Parents or teachers buy the books, and the privacy policy has no age rule. Paid: Under $50 a grade per the maker; full K-8 Light Blue digital bundle $245.50, Blue Series grade bundles $49-$72, lesson plans $9.95 a grade (USD, Oct 2026). Free sample books and worksheets.. Ads: none. A strong, affordable pick for homeschool families and parents filling math gaps who want paper-based, explanation-heavy lessons; kids who need games or color to stay motivated may balk. - [Math Playground](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/math-playground) by Math Playground LLC. Ages about 5-12 (grades K-6). Age rule: Not stated in terms. The privacy policy says the site collects no personal information from children and has no contests or chat. Free, with paid extras: Free with ads (Oct 2026). Ad-free access is $10 a month or $60 a year; Math Playground PLUS is $60 a year.. Ads: yes. Handy for a few minutes of free math play at home or school; families who want no ads or a structured program should pay for ad-free or pick another tool. - [Math Worksheets 4 Kids](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/math-worksheets-4-kids) by Math Worksheets 4 Kids (company not named on the site). Ages grades K-12 (interactive worksheets K-8). Age rule: The terms set no age rule. The privacy policy says the site does not currently collect personal information from children under 13, children log in with a passcode from a parent or teacher, and teachers using Google Classroom sign-in must get parental consent. Free, with paid extras: Free samples; individual membership $24.95 a year with no auto-renew; school licenses also sold (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. Good value for parents and teachers who want lots of printable, standards-matched practice; it drills skills rather than teaching them. - [Math-Drills](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/math-drills) by Math-Drills.com. Ages grades K-8. Age rule: The privacy policy says the site is meant for adults, including parents and teachers, and is not directed at children under 13; it asks adults to supervise children's use. The terms allow free use by students, teachers and parents with attribution. Free: Free; supported by ads (Oct 2026).. Ads: yes. A dependable free source of printable math drills for parents and teachers to hand out; children should not be left to browse the ad-supported site on their own. - [MATHia](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/mathia) by Carnegie Learning, Inc.. Ages grades 6-12 (about 11-18). Age rule: School-only. Schools roster students (US and Canada) and, for children under 13, promise they have parent consent under COPPA. Through schools: School pricing, not public (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A well-studied choice for middle and high school math if your school offers it; not something families can buy alone. - [Mathletics](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/mathletics) by 3P Learning. Ages about 5-16 (K-10). Age rule: Minors need permission from their school, parent or guardian. Home subscriptions are bought by a parent, guardian or a student over 18. Paid: 14-day free trial; home price is shown only in the sign-up checkout (pay monthly or yearly, with discounts for more children); schools get a quote (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A solid pick for families wanting steady, school-style math practice; kids who need deep explanation or a tutor may want something more hands-on. - [Mathnasium](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/mathnasium) by Mathnasium LLC (franchised learning centers). Ages about 5-18 (grades K-12). Age rule: Website terms say Mathnasium does not knowingly collect personal information from anyone under 18 without parental consent, and anyone under 18 should not register; parents enroll children at a center. Paid: Tuition is set by each local center and not published on mathnasium.com (Oct 2026); the first assessment is offered free.. Ads: none. A fit for families who want regular in-person math help from people, not apps; visit the local center and get tuition in writing first. - [Mathspace](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/mathspace) by Mathspace Inc.. Ages about 8-18 (grades 3-12). Age rule: Terms say a learner under 18 needs permission from their school or a parent, tutor or guardian before signing up. Free, with paid extras: Free learner accounts for families; school and district plans are paid, with prices not shown on the pages loaded (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A strong step-by-step math practice tool for grades 3-12, free at home; families should weigh the 2026 breach and keep account details minimal. - [Mathway](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/mathway) by Chegg. Ages about 12-18 and college. Age rule: Chegg's terms, which cover Mathway, say the services are for ages 13 and up; anyone between 13 and adulthood must review the terms with a parent. The same terms say Chegg's AI features are only for users 18 or older. Free, with paid extras: Free answers; full steps need a subscription. In the iPhone app, Steps costs $9.99 a month or $39.99 a year, with some listed tiers up to $19.99 a month or $79.99 a year (USD, Oct 2026). Subscriptions renew automatically.. Ads: yes. Fine for an older student checking work they have already tried, but a poor fit for younger kids or anyone likely to copy answers; families wanting explanations should look at tools built to teach. - [Matific](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/matific) by Matific (Slate Science). Ages about 4-14 (grades K-8). Age rule: Terms bind the adult user (parent, teacher or school), who must be of legal age where they live. The privacy policy says children should be registered only by parents, teachers or schools, never by themselves, and accounts a child creates may be deleted. Free, with paid extras: Free trial for families, then App Store prices of $9.99-$19.99 a month or $78.99 a year; school and district pricing by quote (USD, Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A good fit for young kids who learn by playing with math ideas; check the free trial first, and do not count on the advertised score gains. - [Mealime](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/mealime) by Mealime (owned by Albertsons Companies) (WARNING). Ages was a general-audience app for adults. Age rule: Terms (last updated April 13, 2021) say minors may use the app only under parental or adult supervision. Free: Discontinued Oct 21, 2026. Paid Pro subscriptions are being wound down and Pro recipes opened to all users. The replacement, Meals Hub, is free inside Albertsons Companies store apps.. Ads: none. Skip it; it has closed. Families who used it can try Meals Hub if they shop at an Albertsons-owned store, or pick another planner. - [Memrise](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/memrise) by Memrise Limited. Ages 13 and up. Age rule: Users must be at least 13. The terms say the site is not aimed at children and does not seek data from under-13s. Free, with paid extras: Free plan with limits and ads; App Store prices in Oct 2026 include $24.99 a month or 3 months, $61.99 a year, and $329.99 lifetime, with frequent discounts.. Ads: yes. A good fit for teens who want conversational practice in a new language; under-13s are not allowed, and families uneasy about AI training on chats should read the privacy policy first. - [Merlin Bird ID](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/merlin-bird-id) by Cornell Lab of Ornithology. Ages about 7 and up with a parent. Age rule: 13+. Cornell Lab's terms cover the Merlin app and say that if you are under 13, do not use or access the services. The privacy statement adds that the services are designed for adults and not directed to children. The App Store still rates it 4+. Free: Free, with no in-app purchases listed on the App Store (Oct 2026). Run by a nonprofit funded by members and donors.. Ads: none. A standout family birding tool when a parent runs the phone; children under 13 should not have it on their own under Cornell's terms. - [Merlyn Origin](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/merlyn-origin) by Merlyn Mind (Merlyn for Education). Ages used by teachers; students of any grade see it in class. Age rule: Product terms are for adult instructors at schools that bought a subscription; teachers must make sure only students with the needed consents (including parental consent where required) take part. The website is not intended for children under 13. Through schools: School and district subscriptions with hardware; pricing not public (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. Of interest to schools wanting hands-free classroom tech; parents should ask how classroom audio is handled, and buyers should confirm the product's future after the reported sale. - [Meshy](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/meshy) by Meshy LLC. Ages 14 and up. Age rule: Users must be at least 14, or the minimum age to consent in their country. Under-18s must have a parent's or guardian's permission. The privacy policy says the site is not directed at children under 14. Free, with paid extras: Free plan with 100 credits a month (models released under a CC BY 4.0 license); Pro $20 a month or $240 a year, Premium $40 a month, Ultra $100 a month, Studio $70 a month for a shared team credit pool (USD, Oct 2026). Approved students get Pro for $5.99 a month for 13 months.. Ads: none. A capable tool for teens who make games or 3D prints with a parent's OK; it skips the learning of real 3D modeling and is not for under-14s. - [Messenger Kids](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/messenger-kids) by Meta. Ages under 13 (App Store rating 4+). Age rule: The terms set no minimum age. A Messenger Kids account must be created and managed by a parent or guardian's Facebook account, and that adult accepts the terms for the child. Free: Free, with no ads and no in-app purchases (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A reasonable first messenger for under-13s whose family already uses Facebook; skip if you don't want Meta holding your child's messages. - [Meta AI](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/meta-ai) by Meta. Ages 13+. Age rule: You cannot use Meta's AIs if you are under 13 (or a higher age your country requires). Free: Free inside Meta's apps (Oct 2026). Ads: yes. If your teen is on Instagram or WhatsApp they already have it, so turn on supervision and the stricter setting; it is not a study tool and younger children should not have these apps. - [Meta Quest (parent-managed accounts for ages 10-12)](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/meta-quest) by Meta Platforms. Ages 10+ (10-12 with a parent-managed account). Age rule: Children must be at least 10 to have a Meta account, and only with a parent's help; under 10 cannot use Quest 2 or 3. Ages 10-12 need a parent-managed account; 13 and up can manage their own (ages vary by region). Parent-managed accounts work only on Quest 2 and 3, so under-13s cannot use Meta's other headsets. Paid: Headsets and apps sold on the Meta Store; headset prices were not shown in the page text we loaded (Oct 2026). Many apps cost extra.. Ads: none. Workable for 10-12s with an engaged parent who approves each app; too much for kids under 10, as Meta itself says. - [micro:bit CreateAI](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/microbit-createai) by Micro:bit Educational Foundation. Ages about 7-14. Age rule: No login or account. The Foundation's policy asks children under 13 to get consent from a parent when using its services. Free: Software free (Oct 2026). Needs a BBC micro:bit V2 board, sold separately (price not listed on the CreateAI pages); a second micro:bit is needed if the computer lacks Bluetooth.. Ads: none. A safe, hands-on way for kids 7-14 to learn how AI uses data, if you have or will buy a micro:bit; skip if you want screen-only learning. - [Microsoft Copilot](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/microsoft-copilot) by Microsoft. Ages 13+. Age rule: At least 13 (higher in some countries) with a Microsoft account; if you're under 18 Microsoft may turn off or limit some features. Study and Learn for ages 13-17 only through a school account the school has set up. Free, with paid extras: Free with a Microsoft account; more Copilot with Microsoft 365 Personal $9.99 a month or $99.99 a year, Family $12.99 a month or $129.99 a year (Oct 2026). Ads: yes. A reasonable chatbot for teens on Windows or with a school account; younger children should skip it since the terms set 13 as the floor. - [Microsoft Family Safety](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/microsoft-family-safety) by Microsoft. Ages kids and teens on Windows, Xbox and Android. Age rule: A child under 13 (or a higher age in some regions) needs a parent's consent to create a Microsoft account; accounts made with consent are put in the parent's family group automatically. Free: Free (Oct 2026). Some features were tied to a Microsoft 365 Family subscription.. Ads: none. Worth turning on for any child with a Windows PC or Xbox; pair it with Apple or Google tools for phones. - [Microsoft Immersive Reader](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/microsoft-immersive-reader) by Microsoft. Ages all ages (helpful from early readers up). Age rule: Not stated separately. It works inside other Microsoft products, so their terms apply; a Microsoft account for a minor needs a parent to accept the terms, and under 13 needs parent consent. In Edge it can be used with no sign-in. Free: Free in Edge and as part of Microsoft 365 apps (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A useful free helper for any child who struggles with print, especially with dyslexia; it supports reading but does not teach it. - [Microsoft Learn](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/microsoft-learn) by Microsoft. Ages about 13+. Age rule: The Learn terms of use set no age. Signing in uses a Microsoft account, and a child under their country's age of consent needs a parent to approve that account. Free, with paid extras: Training is free; certification exams are paid, with prices set by country (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. Useful for a tech-minded teen aiming at a first certificate; younger kids will find it dry. - [Microsoft MakeCode (micro:bit, Minecraft and more)](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/microsoft-makecode) by Microsoft. Ages about 8-16. Age rule: No account needed. Optional sign-in uses a Microsoft, Google or Clever account; Microsoft's privacy statement says a child under 13 (or older where local law says) needs a parent's consent for a Microsoft account. MakeCode for Minecraft requires Minecraft Education, which schools license. Free: Free (Oct 2026). Hardware such as a micro:bit is bought separately; MakeCode for Minecraft needs a Minecraft Education license.. Ads: none. A strong free choice for kids who want code to make something happen in the real world or in Minecraft; skip the Minecraft editor if you have no Education license. - [Microsoft MakeCode Arcade](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/makecode-arcade) by Microsoft. Ages about 9 and up. Age rule: No account is needed. Optional sign-in uses a Microsoft, Google or Clever account; under Microsoft's privacy statement, a child under 13 (or older where local law says) needs a parent's consent to create a Microsoft account. Free: Free (Oct 2026). Optional handheld game boards from third-party makers are sold separately.. Ads: none. A great free choice for kids who want to make their own video games; younger children may need help with the tutorials. - [Microsoft Reading Coach](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/microsoft-reading-coach) by Microsoft. Ages about 5-14 (stories from kindergarten to middle-school level). Age rule: Needs a Microsoft account. Microsoft's terms say minors need a parent or guardian to accept the terms for them; under 13 (or higher where local law says so) needs parent consent to create the account. School accounts are set up by the school. Free: Free for personal Microsoft accounts and for Microsoft 365 Education users (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A solid free fluency tool for children who can already sound out words; very new readers need a phonics program first. - [Miko 3](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/miko-3) by Miko (Emotix). Ages about 5-10. Age rule: Terms say parts of the Miko service are only for parents and adults over 18; users must be of legal age or have a parent's permission. The privacy policy says a parent creates the account and Miko gets verifiable parental consent before collecting a child's data. Paid: Robot $299 in Oct 2026; Miko Max plan $99 a year list ($89 on sale) or $14.99 a month list (Miko 3 page says "starting at $8.25/month"). Ads: none. Suits families who want a full-featured talking robot for ages 5-10 and are comfortable with a camera, cloud AI and a subscription; privacy-minded families should look at screen-free, offline robots instead. - [Miko Mini](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/miko-mini) by Miko (Emotix). Ages about 5-10. Age rule: Terms say parts of the Miko service are for parents and other adults over 18; users must be of legal age or have a parent's permission. The privacy policy says account creation is a parent-directed activity and Miko gets verifiable parental consent before collecting a child's data. Paid: Robot $149 (list $199) in Oct 2026; Miko Max plan $99 a year list ($89 on sale) or $14.99 a month list, needed for full access to many features. Ads: none. Suits families who want a talking learning robot for ages 5-10 and accept a camera, cloud processing and a subscription; families wary of always-listening devices should skip it. - [Minecraft (Java and Bedrock)](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/minecraft) by Mojang Studios (Microsoft). Ages about 7+ (PEGI 7, ESRB Everyone 10+). Age rule: Needs a Microsoft account under the Minecraft EULA and Microsoft Services Agreement. Microsoft requires parental consent for under-13s; the Parents' Guide says players under 16 in the US and EU use a child account tied to an adult, with multiplayer off by default until a parent turns it on. Paid: Java and Bedrock for PC $29.99 (Deluxe $39.99, Ultimate $49.99) as of Oct 2026; separate prices on phones and consoles. Minecoins, Marketplace Pass and Realms cost extra.. Ads: none. Great for creative builders when a parent sets multiplayer and spending controls; families wanting structured lessons should look at Minecraft Education instead. - [Minecraft Education](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/minecraft-education) by Mojang Studios / Microsoft. Ages about 5-18 (K-12). Age rule: Use is set up by schools through Microsoft 365 Education accounts. The license makes the school responsible for any parental consent students need and for age-appropriate content. Through schools: $5.04 per user per year for qualified schools; $36 per user per year for camps, clubs and other organizations; free trial available (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. Worth it when a school uses it with good lessons; families at home are better served by regular Minecraft plus the free educational worlds. - [Mini Metro](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/mini-metro) by Dinosaur Polo Club. Ages about 8 and up (rated 4+). Age rule: Not stated in terms (no terms page found). The site's privacy policy covers only the website, such as comments and analytics. Paid: $3.99 on the US App Store and $9.99 on Steam (Oct 2026); also Mini Metro+ on Apple Arcade, Google Play and Nintendo Switch.. Ads: none. A smart pick for older kids who like puzzles and planning; younger children may find it too fast as it ramps up. - [Mission US](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/mission-us) by THIRTEEN / WNET (public media). Ages about 10-14 (middle school). Age rule: Creating a personal account requires confirming you are over 13. Teachers can make class accounts for younger students through the Dashboard, under a school agreement. Free: Free (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. One of the best-evidenced history games for grades 5-9; preview missions before handing them to younger or sensitive kids. - [Mission: Mars](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/mission-mars-roblox) by Museum of Science, Boston, with Filament Games. Ages about 8-14 (the museum says all ages). Age rule: Runs on Roblox. Roblox's terms say a parent or guardian must agree for any minor, and only users who have reached the age of majority may buy Robux. Chat on Roblox needs an age check, and parents can turn chat off for under-13s. Free: Free to play; needs a free Roblox account (Oct 2026). No game passes listed for the experience.. Ads: unknown. A good pick for kids who already play Roblox with parental controls set; families who keep children off Roblox should skip it. - [MIT App Inventor](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/mit-app-inventor) by MIT (Center for Mobile Learning, CSAIL). Ages about 10 and up. Age rule: No age stated in MIT's terms, but you must log in with a Google account, which falls under Google's rule: children under the age needed to manage their own Google Account need a parent's permission (a parent-managed account). Free: Free (Oct 2026); funded by grants and donations.. Ads: none. Great for curious kids about 10 and up who want to build a real phone app; younger children will do better with ScratchJr or Scratch first. - [MIT OpenCourseWare](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/mit-opencourseware) by Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Ages about 14+ (college-level material). Age rule: Not stated in terms. No account is needed to use OCW. Free: Free; no account needed (Oct 2026). Materials are under a Creative Commons non-commercial license.. Ads: none. Excellent for a self-motivated teen who loves a subject; skip it for kids who need structure or feedback. - [Moises](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/moises) by Moises Systems Inc.. Ages 13 and up. Age rule: Users must be at least 13; anyone 13 to 17 must have a parent's or guardian's consent. The App Store rates it 13+. Free, with paid extras: Free plan with limits; in the App Store, Premium $5.99 a month or $39.99 a year and Pro $29.99 a month (USD, Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A strong practice tool for teen musicians and their teachers; younger kids are not allowed, and parents should check the subscription and ad settings. - [Monkeytype](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/monkeytype) by Monkeytype (Miodec, open source). Ages about 10+. Age rule: Not stated in terms. The terms only ban using the service in ways harmful to minors. Free: Free; supported by donations, merch and optional ads (Oct 2026).. Ads: yes. Great for a teen who already touch-types and wants to get faster; beginners should learn the keys elsewhere first. - [Montessori Preschool (Edoki)](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/montessori-preschool-edoki) by Edoki Academy (operated by Bayard). Ages about 3-7. Age rule: Not stated in terms we could read: the App Store's terms link opens a sign-in web app. The privacy policy says the apps do not actively collect personal information from children and are certified under PRIVO's COPPA Safe Harbor program. Paid: Free download with a trial, then $9.99 a month or $69.99 a year on the US App Store (Oct 2026); other annual offers listed from $29.99.. Ads: none. A good structured choice for families drawn to Montessori learning at ages 3-7; check which plan the trial converts to before starting it. - [Monument Valley](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/monument-valley) by ustwo games. Ages about 7 and up (rated 4+). Age rule: Not stated in terms (no terms page found). The app's privacy policy does not address children or a minimum age. Paid: Monument Valley and Monument Valley 2: $3.99 each on the US App Store, plus a $1.99 Forgotten Shores chapter for the first game; Monument Valley 3: free to download with a $5.99 full-game unlock (Oct 2026). Versions are also on Apple Arcade and, for MV3, Steam and consoles.. Ads: none. A thoughtful puzzle game for families to play together; treat it as quality play, not schoolwork. - [Moxie](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/moxie) by Embodied, then Moxie Robots, Inc. (WARNING). Ages not stated on the current site (sold as a children's robot). Age rule: Terms (Dec 2025) say any use by a minor (under 18 in most places) is prohibited unless supervised by a parent or legal guardian who has read and agreed to the terms. Paid: No longer for sale (Oct 2026); all subscriptions auto-cancelled on June 30, 2026. Ads: none. Skip it; Moxie is the clearest example of a cloud-dependent companion robot that stops working when the company does. - [Mr Printables](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/mr-printables) by Mr Printables. Ages about 2-8. Age rule: Not stated. The download pages say printables are for personal use only and link to terms of use, but in Oct 2026 the terms and privacy links showed the home page instead. Free: Free downloads for personal use (Oct 2026).. Ads: yes. A pretty source of free printables for parents of preschoolers; download the sheets yourself rather than letting a child browse an ad-supported site with no readable privacy policy. - [Mr. Nussbaum](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/mr-nussbaum) by Nussbaum Education Network, LLC. Ages about 5-14 (grades K-8). Age rule: No minimum age to play. Registration and subscriptions are limited to adult users; students only appear as initials or a three-character code set by a teacher or parent. Free, with paid extras: Free with ads. Premium $49 a year, or a one-time $89 'forever' plan (access guaranteed at least two years) (Oct 2026). Fees are non-refundable.. Ads: yes. A handy free game library for elementary classrooms and home practice; families who want an ad-free, structured program should look at paid alternatives. - [myFirst Camera (incl. Insta magiCam)](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/myfirst-camera) by myFirst. Ages about 3-10. Age rule: Store terms say you must be the age of majority, or have let your minor dependents use the site; no age rule specific to the AI features. Paid: Camera 10 $39.99; Camera 3 $59.99; Insta 20 $69.99; Insta magiCam $84.99 (listed, product page says coming soon); Camera 50 $89.99 (myFirst US store, Oct 2026). Ads: none. The basic cameras are easy kids' gifts; parents should ask myFirst how magiCam handles children's photos and voice before buying the AI model. - [myHomework Student Planner](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/myhomework-student-planner) by instin, LLC. Ages 13+ for personal accounts; schools use it across K-12. Age rule: You must be at least 13 to create a myHomework account; the policy points younger students to a separate note on use under 13. Free, with paid extras: The app account is free everywhere, with an ads-free premium upgrade (price not shown on the website). Schools pay for the school planner, quoted as under $2 per student (Oct 2026).. Ads: yes. Still works as a plain free planner for teens; families who want active support may prefer a planner that is updated more often. - [Mystery Science](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/mystery-science) by Discovery Education. Ages about 5-11 (grades K-5). Age rule: Meant for teachers and parents. Anyone under 18 may not access it directly; students can use it only through an anonymous student link from an educator, with parent or guardian consent or involvement. Account holders must be of legal age. Through schools: School list prices about $2,199 a year for Science, or $2,999 for Science plus Writing; homeschool $199 for Science through June 30, 2027 (Oct 2026). Free trials and teacher scholarships offered.. Ads: none. A good fit for elementary teachers and homeschool parents who want ready science lessons; kids looking for something to explore alone will find it teacher-centered. - [Nanit Smart Baby Monitor](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/nanit-smart-baby-monitor) by Udisense, Inc. (Nanit). Ages babies and toddlers (used by parents). Age rule: Users must be 18 or older; anyone under 18 may not use the services. Parents consent to Nanit collecting their child's information to run the service. Paid: Camera system from $289.99 (Oct 2026). Plans billed yearly: Sleep Plan free for 3 months then under $10 a month; Memories $10 a month or $120 a year; Milestones $25 a month or $300 a year.. Ads: none. Suits parents who want sleep data and are comfortable with a cloud camera over the crib; families wary of video leaving the home or of subscriptions should pick a local-only monitor. - [NASA Learning Resources](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/nasa-learning-resources) by NASA (Office of STEM Engagement). Ages grades K-12 and college. Age rule: No terms with an age rule. NASA's privacy notice says it follows COPPA: verifiable parental consent is needed before collecting personal information from a child under 13, and any NASA page that collects it must say how it is used. Free: Free (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A reliable free starting point for any family or class curious about space; pair it with NASA Space Place for younger children who want more games. - [NASA Space Place](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/nasa-space-place) by NASA (produced at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory). Ages about 8-12 (upper elementary). Age rule: Not stated in terms. NASA's privacy policy follows COPPA and says any NASA page that collects information about a child under 13 will give its own notice and instructions. Free: Free (Oct 2026); a U.S. government site.. Ads: none. A trustworthy free science corner for curious 8-12-year-olds; not a full course. - [NASA's Eyes](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/nasas-eyes) by NASA (Jet Propulsion Laboratory). Ages about 8 and up. Age rule: No age limit. NASA's web privacy policy follows COPPA: it collects no information about children unless a specific page asks, with parental consent for under-13s. Free: Free (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. An excellent free window into real space missions for curious kids and classrooms; it works best with an adult or teacher framing what to look for. - [National Geographic Kids games](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/national-geographic-kids-games) by National Geographic Partners (The Walt Disney Company). Ages about 6-12. Age rule: Not stated in terms. Disney's general terms set no minimum age; Disney's Children's Online Privacy Policy covers under-13s and requires a parent's email before collecting a child's personal information. Free: Games are free (Oct 2026); the print magazine is a paid subscription.. Ads: unknown. A pleasant free stop for animal-loving kids; treat it as fun trivia rather than lessons. - [NaturalReader](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/naturalreader) by NaturalSoft Ltd (Canada). Ages older students and adults; school EDU plans. Age rule: Terms set no minimum age. The privacy policy says a child should not open a consumer account or submit personal information without a parent's, guardian's or school's authorization; schools handle consent for EDU accounts. Free, with paid extras: Free tier; on iOS, Premium is $9.99 a month or $59.99 a year and Plus is $20.90 a month or $119 a year; school group plans by quote (Oct 2026).. Ads: unknown. Useful for teens and parents who want text read aloud; younger children are better served by a school-managed reader. - [Nature Lab](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/nature-lab) by The Nature Conservancy. Ages about 5-18. Age rule: The site terms say the website is not directed at children under 13 and asks under-13s not to submit personal information; the videos and guides need no sign-in. Free: Free (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A good free source of nature lessons for teachers and families; kids wanting an interactive game should look elsewhere. - [Nearpod](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/nearpod) by Nearpod (Renaissance Learning, Inc.). Ages about 5-18 (grades K-12). Age rule: Website terms do not set a student age; Renaissance says student data in its classroom products is controlled by the school, which handles consent and parent requests. Free, with paid extras: Free Silver plan for teachers (40 students per lesson); paid Gold and Platinum teacher plans (prices shown only after sign-in); school and district licenses by quote (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A widely used way for teachers to make lessons interactive; parents meet it through school, and families do not need it at home. - [Nessy Reading and Spelling](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/nessy-reading-and-spelling) by Nessy Learning Ltd. Ages about 6-11. Age rule: No minimum age for the child. A parent (including home-schoolers) or a school must hold the account; a parent's card payment counts as COPPA consent, and schools must get parents' permission for students. Paid: $15.50 a month, or $126 a year for one child (down to $112.50 per child for five); renews automatically; 14-day refund window; one free trial (USD, Oct 2026).. Ads: unknown. A solid pick for families of struggling or dyslexic early readers who want a structured phonics routine; skip it if you want proven results from independent trials. - [Nex Playground](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/nex-playground) by Nex Team Inc.. Ages about 4 and up, with families. Age rule: Account holders must be 18, or at least 13 with a parent's or guardian's permission. A parent may let a younger child use it and accepts the terms for them; under-13 data beyond basic device data needs verifiable parental consent. Paid: $299 for the console (Oct 2026); Play Pass $89 for 12 months or $49 for 3 months, covering up to 2 consoles. Five starter games free without Play Pass.. Ads: none. A good fit for families who want active, shared screen time with tight safety settings; skip it if a yearly subscription or an always-present camera is a deal-breaker. - [Next Gen Personal Finance (NGPF)](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/next-gen-personal-finance) by Next Gen Personal Finance, a California nonprofit. Ages about 11-18 (middle and high school). Age rule: The terms say a minor's use is covered by the terms and the parent or guardian accepts that. The privacy policy says children under 13 should get consent from a parent, guardian or teacher, and NGPF does not collect personal information from them. Full accounts are only for verified teachers. Free: Free, including courses, games and teacher training (Oct 2026). A free teacher account, checked against a school directory or badge, unlocks answer keys and assessments.. Ads: none. A strong pick for schools and homeschool co-ops teaching personal finance to teens; parents wanting a self-guided kids' app should look elsewhere. - [NextDNS (parental control)](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/nextdns) by NextDNS Inc.. Ages a tool for parents; protects any age. Age rule: Not stated in terms. A parent sets it up and holds the account. Free, with paid extras: Free up to 300,000 queries a month; Pro $1.99 a month or $19.90 a year for unlimited; schools $19.90 a month per 250 students (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A strong, low-cost filter for a hands-on parent; pay for Pro, and pair it with device controls since it is easy for a teen to bypass. - [Night Zookeeper](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/night-zookeeper) by Wonky Star Ltd (UK). Ages 6-12. Age rule: Children cannot register. Terms say anyone under 17 may not create an account; a parent or teacher registers and makes child logins with usernames that are not real names. Paid: US $14.99 a month, $36.99 for 3 months, or $119.90 a year (about $9.99 a month), after a 7-day free trial; discounts for up to 3 children (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A good pick for reluctant writers ages 6-12 whose parents want human feedback; skip it if you do not want another subscription. - [Nintendo Switch 2 and Nintendo Switch Online](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/nintendo-switch-2) by Nintendo. Ages about 5-16. Age rule: Nintendo's terms say anyone under 18 may use its services only with the supervision of a parent or guardian who agrees to the terms. Players under 16 can use GameChat only if a parent sets it up and manages it in the Parental Controls app. Paid: Switch 2 with Mario Kart World bundle $549.99 MSRP; Switch Online $19.99 a year (or $34.99 a year for up to 8 family accounts), with Expansion Pack $49.99 or $79.99 a year (nintendo.com, Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A strong family console for younger kids; set up the Parental Controls app before handing it over. - [Nintendo Switch Parental Controls app](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/nintendo-switch-parental-controls) by Nintendo. Ages any age. Age rule: Nintendo's terms say anyone under 18 may use its services only with a parent or guardian who agrees to the terms. GameChat for players under 16 needs a parent to set it up and manage it in this app. Free: Free app (Oct 2026); online play and GameChat need a Nintendo Switch Online membership.. Ads: none. Every family with a Switch should set it up; it does nothing for other devices. - [Nitro Type](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/nitro-type) by Nitro Teaching LLC (from the makers of Typing.com). Ages about 8-18. Age rule: Not stated in terms. The privacy policy says no personal information is needed to register and asks children under 13 not to give contact or other identifying information. Free, with paid extras: Free to play with ads; optional Gold membership and in-game cash purchases (prices not shown on public pages, Oct 2026); 15-day refund window.. Ads: yes. Good motivation for kids who already know the keys; parents should switch off or limit purchases and know it is ad-supported. - [Noodle Loaf](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/noodle-loaf) by Dan Saks. Ages about 3-9. Age rule: Not stated: the site has no terms or privacy policy. Kids listen through podcast apps, whose own terms apply. Free: Free (Oct 2026); optional Patreon support.. Ads: unknown. A lovely free pick for families who want musical play without screens; not for kids ready to learn an instrument. - [NoRedInk](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/noredink) by NoRedInk, part of IXL Learning. Ages grades 3-12. Age rule: Anyone under the age to sign a contract (often 18) may use it only with consent from a parent, guardian, school or district. Children under 13 give personal information only when signed up through their school, district or teacher with proper consent, though a parent may sign up their own child. Free, with paid extras: Free version for teachers and students; Premium for schools and districts by quote (not public, Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A solid classroom writing tool for grades 3-12; families should watch how IXL's ownership changes the free version. - [Notion](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/notion) by Notion Labs, Inc.. Ages 14+. Age rule: The Personal Use Terms say you may not use Notion if you are 13 or younger; users must be over 13. There is no parent-managed child account. Free, with paid extras: Free plan; Plus $10 per member a month (monthly billing); Business $20. The free Education Plan (Plus features, one member) is for students and teachers with an eligible school email from institutions listed in the World Higher Education Database, so most K-12 emails will not qualify (USD, Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A strong planner for organized teens 14 and up; younger kids are not allowed and are better off with something simpler. - [NovaPals by Novakid](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/novapals) by Novakid. Ages 13+. Age rule: You must be at least 13. Teens between 13 and the age of majority (usually 18) must review the terms with a parent or guardian and have their permission. Free: Free to download with no subscription and no ads, per the maker (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. Worth a try for a teen who needs low-pressure English speaking practice; not for children under 13. - [Novel Effect](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/novel-effect) by Novel Effect, Inc.. Ages preschool and elementary, read with an adult. Age rule: General-audience service aimed at parents and educators. Children under 13 may use it only with a parent's permission, and names, emails and billing details must come from a parent or guardian. Free, with paid extras: Free tier with rotating titles; Premium $7.99 a month or from $49.99 a year (list $95.88) with a 7-day trial; school, district and library plans from $499 a year (USD, Oct 2026).. Ads: unknown. A fun storytime add-on for families and classrooms that already own the books; skip it if you'd rather not have a microphone on during reading. - [NRICH](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/nrich) by University of Cambridge (NRICH, Faculty of Education and Centre for Mathematical Sciences). Ages about 3-18 (early years to post-16). Age rule: No minimum age for browsing. Users aged 16 or under must have a parent's or guardian's permission before submitting anything, such as a solution, to the site. Free: Free (Oct 2026); paid webinars and professional development are offered for teachers.. Ads: none. A great free source of puzzles for curious kids and the adults who work with them; children who need step-by-step practice will want a structured program alongside it. - [Numberblocks apps](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/numberblocks-apps) by Alphablocks Ltd and Blue Zoo Productions. Ages about 3-6. Age rule: The privacy policy says you should be at least 16 to register an account on the website or app, and the company does not knowingly market to children under 16; the terms do not set a separate age rule. Paid: Numberblocks World: $7.99 a month or $29.99 a year on the US App Store (Oct 2026); Meet the Numberblocks free; Hide and Seek $2.99.. Ads: none. Great for preschoolers who love the show and need a visual feel for numbers; pair it with hands-on practice, since much of it is watching. - [NVIDIA Jetson Orin Nano Super Developer Kit](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/nvidia-jetson-orin-nano-super) by NVIDIA. Ages about 14 and up, with Linux experience. Age rule: The hardware has no age rule. NVIDIA's website terms say you must be of the legal age of majority to accept them, so a parent should handle downloads and any NVIDIA account. Paid: $249 list price since its December 2024 launch (down from $499); sold through NVIDIA's retail partners, whose prices vary (USD).. Ads: none. A strong pick for a motivated teen ready to tinker with Linux and local AI; younger kids or beginners should start with a micro:bit or Raspberry Pi. - [Oak National Academy](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/oak-national-academy) by Oak National Academy Ltd (UK government arm's-length body). Ages about 4-16 (EYFS to Year 11). Age rule: Pupil lessons need no sign-in and the terms set no age for them. The AI tools are for teachers only: the terms say every user must be over 18. Free: Free (Oct 2026); most lessons published after September 2022 are under the Open Government Licence.. Ads: none. Excellent for UK families and teachers, and useful for anyone wanting free structured lessons; US families following state standards may find it a poor fit. - [OBS Studio](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/obs-studio) by OBS Project (open source). Ages about 13+. Age rule: The privacy policy says the services are not meant for children; users must be at least 13 (16 in some places). No account is needed to use the software. Free: Free (Oct 2026). Runs on Windows 10/11, macOS 13+ and Linux.. Ads: none. A strong free recorder for teens 13+ making tutorials or game videos; parents should agree on rules before any live streaming. - [OER Project](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/oer-project) by Big History Project, LLC (non-commercial). Ages about 11-18 (grades 6-12). Age rule: The terms say the courses are only for school use directed by a teacher; students may not use it on their own, and under-13s may use it only if their school can consent for them. Free: Free (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A strong free history curriculum for teachers and co-ops; homeschool families should note the terms say it is meant for school-directed use. - [Official SAT Practice (College Board)](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/college-board-sat-practice) by College Board. Ages about 13-18 (grades 8-12). Age rule: College Board's privacy statement says its online programs are for people at least 13, and it does not knowingly collect data from children under 13. For students under 18, it may share their information with parents. Free: Practice tests, question bank and Khan Academy prep are free (Oct 2026). The real tests have their own fees, with fee waivers for eligible students.. Ads: none. The first stop for any teen preparing for the SAT or PSAT; parents should help their teen opt out of Student Search Service if they don't want college marketing. - [Ollama](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/ollama) by Ollama Inc.. Ages 18+ (per terms). Age rule: You must be at least 18 to use Ollama's services. Free, with paid extras: Local use free; cloud plans Pro $20 a month or $200 a year, Max $100 a month, plus pay-as-you-go credits (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A learning tool for an older teen with a parent nearby, not a kids' chatbot; younger children should not use it. - [Once Upon a Bot](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/once-upon-a-bot) by Charlie Holtz (independent project) (WARNING). Ages about 3-10 (with a parent). Age rule: No terms of service or age rule found. The site links to no terms or privacy policy; signing up asks only for an email and password. Free, with paid extras: Free to try; $9.99 a month or $6.67 a month billed yearly for unlimited stories, read-aloud and extra genres; a commercial license is $19-29 a month (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. Fun for a parent and child to try together without uploading photos; families who want clear privacy promises should skip it until it publishes a policy. - [Onshape Education](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/onshape-education) by PTC. Ages about 12+ (middle school to college). Age rule: 13 or older (16 in the EU without parent consent). Under-13s may use it for school only if a school, educator or parent creates or approves the account; they should not sign up alone. Free: Student and Educator plans free (Oct 2026); Education Enterprise for schools and districts is custom-priced.. Ads: none. A strong free choice for teens on robotics teams or in engineering classes; younger kids should start with Tinkercad. - [Open Library](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/open-library) by Internet Archive. Ages all ages; K-12 Student Library sorted by grade. Age rule: Not stated. The Internet Archive's terms of use (dated December 31, 2014) set no minimum age. Free: Free; supported by donations (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A useful free backup when the local library lacks a title; parents should set up the account, since the terms say nothing about children. - [Open Middle](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/open-middle) by Robert Kaplinsky and contributing teachers. Ages grades K-12 (about 5-18). Age rule: Not stated; the site has no terms of use or account sign-up that we could find. Free: Free (Oct 2026); a paid book, stickers and a paid online workshop for teachers are linked from the site.. Ads: none. Great for parents and teachers who want a few rich problems a week; to avoid peeking, give children the problem without the answer. - [OpenStax](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/openstax) by OpenStax, a nonprofit initiative of Rice University. Ages about 14 and up (high school and college). Age rule: The terms of use set no age. The privacy notice says that when children use OpenStax, an account is made on their behalf with a name and email, and parents can review, correct or delete the child's information. Free, with paid extras: Textbooks free online with no expiration; print editions at low cost; Assignable practice for schools from $15 per student per semester (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A solid free textbook source for teens and homeschooling families at the high school level; parents of younger children will find little here. - [oPhysics](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/ophysics) by Tom Walsh. Ages about 13-18 (high school physics). Age rule: Not stated: the site has no terms of use. It allows free use for non-profit education. Free: Free; donations welcome (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A solid free tool for high school physics students and teachers; younger children will find it too advanced. - [Oscar Stories](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/oscar-stories) by HeyQQ GmbH. Ages about 3-8 (App Store: made for ages 6-8). Age rule: Adults only can make accounts, buy or subscribe. Children may use the app only under a parent's or guardian's supervision, and the adult is responsible for prompts and output. Free, with paid extras: First stories free; US App Store lists Premium at $4.99 a month or $39.99 a year, plus coin packs from $9.99 (Oct 2026). Ads: none. A good fit for parents of young children who want quick moral-of-the-story bedtime tales on a phone; skip if you want the child to do the writing. - [Osmo](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/osmo) by Play Osmo Inc. (formerly Tangible Play). Ages about 3-10. Age rule: The store terms require buyers to be of the age of majority or use the site under a parent's supervision. The website is for parents; Osmo says some apps collect limited information from children for gameplay, following children's privacy laws. Paid: Starter kits about $63-$100 (Oct 2026), for example Little Genius $89.99 and Genius $99.99 list price; most apps are free downloads, a few need codes from kits.. Ads: none. Still a good hands-on option for ages 3-10 if you check device compatibility and accept the company's fragile history; buy from the official store and do not expect every old game. - [Outschool](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/outschool) by Outschool, Inc.. Ages about 3-18. Age rule: Only adults who can form a binding contract (18 in most places) can hold an account. A parent creates learner profiles and accepts the terms for the child; kids under 13 use a Learner Space with controls that make it harder to switch into parent mode. Paid: Pay per class at the price each teacher sets, or a monthly credit membership from $40 USD a month (about one group class a week) up to $600 a month (Oct 2026); memberships auto-renew.. Ads: none. Good for families who want a live teacher for a specific interest or gap; skip it if you are not comfortable with recorded video calls with adults you have not met. - [Outschool cooking classes](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/outschool-cooking-classes) by Outschool, Inc.. Ages about 9-18 for the cooking listings we saw (Outschool overall covers 3-18). Age rule: Account holders must be old enough to sign a contract (18 in many places). Parents create learner profiles for children. Outschool's children's privacy notice says it collects data from under-13s after verified parental consent, and kids who sign up on their own get limited access while parents are alerted. Paid: Each teacher sets the price (Oct 2026): weekly group cooking classes we saw were $15-$22 a class, self-paced courses $12-$21 a week, private lessons about $50 a session. New-family discount codes run often.. Ads: unknown. Good for tweens and teens who want a live, social cooking class from home; younger kids need a parent beside them, and families uneasy about recorded video should skip it. - [Owlet Dream Sock](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/owlet-dream-sock) by Owlet Baby Care, Inc.. Ages babies about 1-18 months (used by parents). Age rule: No age limit on the product, but Owlet recommends caregiver users be 18 or older, and agreeing to the terms means saying you are at least 18. The websites are not for children under 13. Paid: $299.99 (Oct 2026), with no subscription required for live readings and trends; optional Owlet360 plan $99.99 a year adds more insights.. Ads: none. May reassure parents who want oxygen readings and accept a cloud-linked health device; it is not a substitute for safe-sleep practices, and anxious parents may find alarms add stress. - [Oxford Owl](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/oxford-owl) by Oxford University Press. Ages about 3-11. Age rule: The account terms require true details from the person signing up and treat pupils as users authorized by a paying school or a parent; they do not state a minimum age. The site links a separate children's privacy notice, which did not load for us. Free, with paid extras: Free eBook library and home resources with a free account (Oct 2026); school subscriptions and printed books are paid, prices not listed on the pages we read.. Ads: none. A strong free reading shelf for ages 3-11, especially for families using UK phonics schemes; U.S. parents will need to translate the levels. - [Ozobot Evo](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/ozobot-evo) by Ozo EDU, Inc. (Ozobot). Ages grades K-8. Age rule: Terms of use say you must be at least the age of majority where you live, or have consent from a parent, guardian, school or authorized educational institution. Paid: Evo Entry Kit $175; Evo classroom kits from $999 (Ozobot store, Oct 2026). Ads: none. A strong classroom choice for K-8 coding that starts without screens; families on a budget may find the single-robot price steep. - [Padlet](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/padlet) by Wallwisher, Inc. (Padlet). Ages school-age kids with a teacher, plus adults. Age rule: Not directed to children under 13; they may use it only with guidance, supervision and consent from a parent, guardian or school, and the school takes responsibility for COPPA consent. Free, with paid extras: Free plan limited to 3 padlets; Platinum $15 a month or $120 a year; Classroom $160 a year for 2 teachers and 100 students; School & District from $1,200 a year for 10 teachers (USD, Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A good class tool when a school account manages who can see and post; families should not set up open boards for young kids on their own. - [Paprika Recipe Manager](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/paprika-recipe-manager) by Hindsight Labs LLC. Ages adults (a parent's planning tool). Age rule: The privacy policy says the software is not intended for children under 16 and no one under 16 may provide information to it. The App Store rates it 16+. Paid: One-time purchase, sold separately on each platform; iOS is $4.99 on the App Store (Oct 2026, during a sale that runs through November). The maker says Paprika 4 premium features will need a subscription after the beta.. Ads: none. A solid, ad-free planner for the parent who runs the family kitchen; not a kids' product, so children should use it only alongside a parent. - [ParentSquare](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/parentsquare) by ParentSquare, Inc.. Ages families of K-12 students. Age rule: Contracted with the school district. The terms say users under 18 must read the terms with a parent or guardian; no other minimum age is stated. Through schools: District packages by quote; prices not public. Free for families (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. If your district uses it, set your notification preferences and it becomes the main school inbox; there is nothing for a family to buy. - [PBS KIDS Games (app and site)](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/pbs-kids-games) by PBS (Public Broadcasting Service). Ages about 2-8. Age rule: No minimum age. The terms let parents allow children to use the service as long as the parent supervises and accepts responsibility. Free: Free (Oct 2026). No subscription or in-app purchases listed on the App Store.. Ads: none. A safe first stop for preschool and early-grade kids; families wanting a structured learning path should look elsewhere. - [PBS KIDS Summer of Adventure](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/pbs-kids-summer-of-adventure) by PBS (Public Broadcasting Service). Ages about 2-8. Age rule: The parents' site falls under PBS's general terms: users say they are 18 or older; under 18 only with a parent's permission and supervision; under 13 may not register or give personal information. Children of any age may use the separate pbskids.org with a parent's permission. Free: Free (Oct 2026).. Ads: yes. Handy for parents of preschoolers and early grade-schoolers who want low-cost summer ideas; families wanting a summer learning plan with tracking should look elsewhere. - [PBS LearningMedia](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/pbs-learningmedia) by PBS and local public TV stations. Ages pre-K to grade 12. Age rule: LearningMedia's own terms page needs JavaScript and did not load for us. PBS's general terms say PBS Online is not meant for under-13s and users under 18 need a parent's permission; PBS's student privacy notice says teachers who have students make accounts confirm that parents consent. Free: Free (Oct 2026); the site says all its teacher tools are free, and some stations offer extra premium collections.. Ads: none. A trustworthy free source of short educational videos for teachers and curious families; check your local station's version for state-specific collections. - [Peekaboo Barn](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/peekaboo-barn) by Peekaboo Interactive Games (Big Happy Holding Company / BHHC LLC); originally Night & Day Studios. Ages about 1-4. Age rule: Not stated in terms (no terms page found). The privacy policy says it does not collect personal information from children under 13 and follows COPPA. Paid: $3.99 one-time on the US App Store (Oct 2026); also in a Peekaboo Party Pack bundle.. Ads: none. A gentle, one-time-purchase first app for toddlers; older preschoolers will outgrow it fast. - [Perplexity](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/perplexity) by Perplexity AI, Inc.. Ages 13+. Age rule: You must be 13 or older. Users from 13 up to the age of majority may use it only if a parent or guardian accepts the terms for them first. Under 13 not allowed. Free, with paid extras: Free; Pro $17 a month billed yearly; Max $167 a month billed yearly (Oct 2026). Ads: unknown. Better for parents and adult learners than for teens on their own; if a teen uses it, check the sources together. - [Petoi Bittle X](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/petoi-bittle-x) by Petoi. Ages 10+. Age rule: Store terms say the buyer must be the age of majority, or an adult who lets a minor dependent use the site; no app age rule found. Paid: $319 (kit, lite servos) to $469 (pre-assembled with arm) in Oct 2026. Ads: none. A rewarding project robot for motivated kids 10+ and teen robotics clubs; younger children will need a lot of adult help. - [PhET Interactive Simulations](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/phet-simulations) by University of Colorado Boulder. Ages about 5-18 and college (the sims are open to any age). Age rule: The terms say the simulations are open to anyone of any age, but creating a website account requires being 18 or the age of majority. The privacy policy says children under 13 may use the sims but may not register, and student accounts are not supported. Free: Free on the web (Oct 2026). School app licenses are $0.99 per device for iPads (one time) or per year for Chromebooks and Android tablets; a paid PhET Studio license lets teachers save custom presets.. Ads: none. A great free science and math sandbox for curious kids, homeschoolers and teachers; children who want a guided game with rewards will find it too open. - [Photomath](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/photomath) by Photomath d.o.o.. Ages 13+. Age rule: Only for people 13 or older; anyone under 13 is prohibited. Minors in their country need a parent's or guardian's permission. Free, with paid extras: Free basic; Photomath Plus $9.99 a month or $69.99 a year (Oct 2026), billed through the app stores. Ads: unknown. Useful for teens checking their own work; younger children are not allowed and answer-copying is a real risk. - [PictoBlox](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/pictoblox) by STEMpedia (Agilo Research Pvt. Ltd., India). Ages about 4-7 (Junior Blocks) and 8-16. Age rule: The terms set no age. The privacy policy says it does not knowingly collect information from children under 13, yet also says it asks for a guardian's email when a user under 16 makes an account for in-app courses. Free: Software free for individuals and non-commercial use (Oct 2026). Robot kits sold separately (e.g. Quarky kits listed from about $159). Premium in-app courses listed as coming soon.. Ads: unknown. Worth a look for teens and clubs doing AI with robots; parents of younger kids should note the unclear under-13 privacy wording and supervise camera use. - [PictureThis](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/picturethis) by Glority Global Group Ltd.. Ages adults (terms say 18+). Age rule: 18+ only. The terms describe the user as at least 18 and say the service is not for anyone under 18. The privacy policy says it does not knowingly collect data from children under 16. Free, with paid extras: Free download with trial; PictureThis Pro in-app prices on the US App Store range from $3.99 to $39.99, family plan $49.99 (Oct 2026).. Ads: yes. Accurate for a parent's own gardening questions; not a children's app under its own terms. - [Pinna](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/pinna) by Pinna LLC. Ages 3-12. Age rule: You must be 18 or older, or have a parent or guardian's consent; the adult agrees to the terms for any child in the household. Paid: $7.99 a month, or $5.99 a month billed yearly, after a 7-day free trial; a free Basic tier samples some content (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A good pick for families who want curated, ad-free audio for kids 3 to 12; less needed if a library app covers you. - [Pinterest](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/pinterest) by Pinterest Inc.. Ages 13+. Age rule: No one under 13 may use Pinterest. Over 13, you must also be above the minimum age of consent in your country, and if you are 13 to 18 you may only use it with a parent or guardian's permission. Free: Free with ads (Oct 2026).. Ads: yes. One of the calmer social apps for teens 13+ who use it for ideas and projects; check the passcode lock with them. - [Pinwheel phone](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/pinwheel) by Pinwheel. Ages first phone through older teens. Age rule: Account holders must be at least 18; a parent or caregiver must set up the Caregiver Portal before a child can use a Pinwheel device or PinwheelGPT. Paid: Pinwheel Wireless $29.99 a month or $284.99 a year; Caregiver Portal only (own carrier) $17.99 a month or $174.99 a year; Pinwheel Watch $14.99 a month; phone bought separately (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. Good for families who want a real smartphone with tight, adjustable rules; parents who prefer no AI chat should keep PinwheelAsk off. - [PinwheelAsk (formerly PinwheelGPT)](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/pinwheelask) by Pinwheel (Firepit Inc.). Ages about 5-13 (App Store: made for ages 9-11). Age rule: Account holders must be 18 or older; the parent sets up the child. The service is aimed at children and processes their data under COPPA. Free, with paid extras: Free up to 20 conversations a month; unlimited is $5.99 a month or $49.99 a year (Oct 2026). Ads: none. Fits parents who want a child's first chatbot with full visibility; skip if you want image answers, school-grade tutoring, or a named AI model. - [Pixlr](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/pixlr) by Pixlr. Ages 16+, or younger with an adult supervising. Age rule: 16 or older. Under-16s may use it only under direct supervision of a parent, guardian, or authorized adult such as a teacher; in Pixlr for Education, teachers may consent for students under 16. Free, with paid extras: Free tier with ads. Plus $1.99-$2.49 a month; Premium $7.99-$9.99 a month; Ultra from $19.99 a month (USD, Oct 2026). Free ad-free education upgrade for approved schools.. Ads: yes. Useful for high schoolers editing photos in class through the free school plan; younger kids need an adult beside them by its own rules. - [Pl@ntNet](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/plantnet) by Pl@ntNet consortium (CIRAD, INRAE, Inria, IRD). Ages about 9 and up with a parent. Age rule: Not stated in the terms of use. App Store rating 9+. Free: Free, funded by public research and donations (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A solid, ad-free plant identifier for families who use it logged out or under a parent's account. - [PlayStation (Family Management)](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/playstation-family) by Sony Interactive Entertainment. Ages any age (child accounts). Age rule: You must be 18 and an adult where you live to accept the terms; anyone younger must review them with a parent or guardian who agrees to be bound. A parent must create a separate Child Account for each child under 18 and accepts liability for the child's actions. Free, with paid extras: Family management and the PS Family app are free. PS Plus Essential $10.99 a month or $79.99 a year; Extra $16.99 or $134.99; Premium $19.99 or $159.99 (playstation.com, Oct 2026).. Ads: yes. Families with a PlayStation should make child accounts and set a spending limit on day one. - [Pocketalk](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/pocketalk) by Pocketalk. Ages school-age children with adults; buyers 18+. Age rule: The website terms require users to be 18 or older; device terms are separate and come with the purchase. The privacy policy says students under 13 may use devices through school, with the school getting any COPPA consent. Paid: $299.95 (S) or $349.95 (Plus) per device with a 5-year data plan included and no subscription fees (Oct 2026); app and school deployments priced on request.. Ads: none. Useful for schools and families bridging a language gap in short conversations; for learning a language, a course or tutor is a better fit. - [Pok Pok](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/pok-pok) by Pok Pok Inc.. Ages about 2-8. Age rule: Terms say you must be 18 or older to accept them; if you are under 18, a parent or guardian must have reviewed and agreed to them. The service is to be used by adults or under adult supervision. Paid: 7-day free trial, then a subscription. US App Store lists monthly plans from $6.99 to $12.99, annual plans from $45.99 to $79.99 and a $89.99 lifetime option (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A strong pick for parents who want gentle, open-ended play for preschoolers; skip it if you want structured lessons with progress reports. - [Pokémon GO](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/pokemon-go) by Scopely Explore (formerly Niantic, now part of Scopely). Ages about 6-16 (with a parent for young kids). Age rule: Pokémon GO is open to all ages, but a child (under 13 in the US, under 16 in parts of Europe, under 14 in Korea) needs a parent to verify their identity and consent, usually through a Kids @ Scopely Explore or Pokémon Trainer Club account. Scopely's other apps, such as Monster Hunter Now and Campfire, do not allow children at all. Free, with paid extras: Free to play; PokéCoins, raid passes and event tickets are sold in-game (Oct 2026). Purchases of virtual money and goods are final.. Ads: yes. A fun family walking game when a parent plays along; not one to hand to a young child to wander with alone. - [Poki](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/poki) by Poki B.V.. Ages 16+ (main site); under 16 on Poki Kids. Age rule: Poki.com is for visitors 16 and older; if you are under 16 it is not meant for you and you should use the separate Poki Kids website. Free: Free (Oct 2026), paid for by ads on the main site.. Ads: yes. Children should use Poki Kids, not Poki.com, which its own terms reserve for ages 16 and up. - [Polypad (and Mathigon courses)](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/polypad) by Amplify Education (formerly Mathigon). Ages about 5-18 (grades K-12). Age rule: Not stated as an age. Amplify's acceptable use policy says its products are for K-12 students using them as authorized by their school, with an educator or the school accepting the terms. Polypad itself needs no login. Free: Free, with no login needed (Oct 2026); Mathigon courses are also free.. Ads: none. A free, ad-free playground that suits teachers and parents who will set a challenge; kids who want a guided path with rewards will lose interest. - [PowerSchool SIS](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/powerschool-sis) by PowerSchool (WARNING). Ages grades K-12 and their parents. Age rule: Run by schools. Children under 13 may use PowerSchool products only with consent from a parent or the school acting for the parent, and the school controls that data. Through schools: District pricing, not public; free for families whose school uses it.. Ads: none. Families can't avoid it if their district uses it, but should ask what data the district stores in it and watch for breach notices. - [Praktika](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/praktika) by Praktika.ai Company. Ages 18+ by its terms. Age rule: You must be over 18; the company does not permit anyone under 18 to use the app. (The App Store age rating says 4+.) Paid: Praktika Premium $119.99 a year on the US App Store (Oct 2026); auto-renewing, no refunds for the current period. Ads: unknown. For parents or adult learners practicing a language; children and teens are not allowed by the terms. - [Preply](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/preply) by Preply, Inc.. Ages 13+ under the terms, though marketed for younger kids. Age rule: 18+ only; ages 13-17 may use it only under a parent or guardian who sets up the account and supervises; users agree not to let anyone under 13 use the service. Paid: Kids' English tutors from about $3 an hour, average $14 an hour according to Preply; tutors shown on the kids' page charge $15-$46 per lesson; billed as a subscription (USD, Oct 2026).. Ads: unknown. Workable for teens with a parent on the account; for younger children, the terms do not allow it, so pick a service built for kids. - [PrimaryGames](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/primarygames) by PrimaryGames, Inc.. Ages about 5-13. Age rule: If you are under 18 (or the age of majority where you live), a parent or legal guardian must read and agree to the terms for you. Free: Free (Oct 2026), supported by ads.. Ads: yes. Handy for free classroom fillers and holiday printables; parents wanting focused, ad-free practice should look elsewhere. - [PRIVO](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/privo) by Privacy Vaults Online, Inc. (PRIVO). Ages parents of children under 13 (and teens). Age rule: PRIVO's own site is not intended for children; parents give or refuse consent on a child's behalf through it. Free: Free to parents; companies pay PRIVO (pricing not public).. Ads: none. Parents can trust a PRIVO consent screen as legitimate; check your approvals at my.PRIVO.com now and then. - [Procreate](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/procreate) by Savage Interactive. Ages about 8+. Age rule: The app needs no account. Procreate's website terms say you must be at least 16 to register for an online account, and 16- and 17-year-olds cannot view mature artwork; downloading the app needs an Apple Account (under 13 only through a parent's Family Sharing). Paid: $12.99 one time on the US App Store (Oct 2026), iPad only. Schools get half off through Apple School Manager.. Ads: none. A great buy for a child with an iPad who loves to draw; families without an iPad should look at free Krita or ibisPaint. - [Procreate Dreams](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/procreate-dreams) by Savage Interactive. Ages about 10+. Age rule: The app needs no account. Procreate's website terms say online accounts are 16+; downloading the app needs an Apple Account (under 13 only through a parent's Family Sharing). Paid: $12.99 USD one time per the maker's page (Oct 2026); regional prices differ. iPad only, iPadOS 16.3 or later.. Ads: none. The private, ad-free animation pick for older kids with an iPad; phone-only kids will need FlipaClip instead. - [Prodigy Math](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/prodigy-math) by Prodigy Education. Ages about 6-14 (grades 1-8). Age rule: Not stated as an age in the terms. Children play on student accounts that parents or teachers can create or link to; teachers need their school's approval. Free, with paid extras: Math and English questions are free. Memberships (USD, Oct 2026): Core $9.95 a month or $58.95 a year, Plus $14.95 a month or $88.95 a year, Ultra $19.95 a month or $118.95 a year; they renew automatically. Free for teachers.. Ads: yes. Fine for kids who need a game to do math practice and parents ready to say no to upgrades; families wary of upselling to children should skip it. - [Project Gutenberg](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/project-gutenberg) by Project Gutenberg (volunteers). Ages older readers; children's classics for reading aloud. Age rule: Terms say the target audience is US persons over 13; visitors who are minors should be accompanied by an adult, and some content may not suit readers of any age. Free: Free, no account needed (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. Best for parents and older kids who want free classics; younger children need an adult to choose books, as the terms suggest. - [Project Relate](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/project-relate) by Google Research (WARNING). Ages adults only (18+). Age rule: Open only to English-speaking adults 18 and over with non-standard speech in certain countries; and not accepting new sign-ups at all right now. Free: Free beta (Oct 2026); closed to new users.. Ads: none. Not an option for children; families of adults with non-standard speech can watch for it to reopen, and kids should look to AAC apps and speech therapy instead. - [Proloquo2Go](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/proloquo2go) by AssistiveWare B.V.. Ages children and adults. Age rule: No age rule in AssistiveWare's own terms; the app is sold through Apple's App Store under Apple's standard license and is rated 4+. Paid: $249.99 one-time on iPhone, iPad and Apple Watch in the U.S. App Store (Oct 2026); separate Mac app; optional Gateway vocabulary add-on $149.99.. Ads: none. A leading choice for families and therapists who need a full AAC system on Apple devices; families on a budget should ask about insurance or school funding first. - [PW (Physics Wallah)](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/physicswallah) by PhysicsWallah Private Limited. Ages about 11-18 (classes 6-12), plus adults. Age rule: No minimum age is stated. The terms say that for minors, consent to keep their data is deemed given by their parents or guardians. Free, with paid extras: Batches are priced per course (not shown on the pages read); Pi lists Rs 499 a month with frequent discounts (INR, Oct 2026); many lectures are free on YouTube.. Ads: unknown. A low-cost choice for Indian teens preparing for JEE, NEET or boards; parents should read the advertising clause and watch the workload. - [QANDA](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/qanda) by Mathpresso Inc.. Ages about 11-18. Age rule: Terms say minors may need a parent's consent to join and to pay; the privacy policy checks birth dates and asks for a parent's name and phone number for children under 14. The App Store rates it 4+. Free, with paid extras: Free with ads; App Store in-app purchases include an ad-free plan at $1.29, Premium from $3.99 to $16.49 and coins at $0.99 (USD, Oct 2026).. Ads: yes. Can help an older student check their work and see the steps, but it is an answer engine with ads and tracking; younger kids and families wary of data collection should skip it. - [Quick, Draw!](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/quick-draw) by Google Creative Lab. Ages about 6 and up. Age rule: No account needed. Google's Terms apply: anyone under the age to manage their own Google Account needs a parent's or guardian's permission, and the parent is responsible for the child's use. Free: Free (Oct 2026). Ads: none. A strong classroom or kitchen-table intro to how AI guesses; just tell kids their drawings become public data. - [Quill.org](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/quill-org) by Quill.org (nonprofit). Ages grades K-12. Age rule: Users must be 13 or older (or the age of consent in their country) unless school staff approve their registration. Students under 13 need their school's consent and approval, and teachers who register students promise they have parent consent or follow the law. Free, with paid extras: All activities free forever; Premium reports cost $115 a year per teacher, with school and district licenses by quote and free Premium for schools with financial need (USD, Oct 2026).. Ads: none. One of the safest and best-evidenced writing tools for schools; homeschool families can use it as a teacher too. - [Quizlet](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/quizlet) by Quizlet, Inc.. Ages about 10-18; restricted mode for 13 and under. Age rule: Open to all ages but intended for over-13s; children 13 or younger get a restricted feature set, and parents of under-13s must consent to a child account. Free, with paid extras: Free with ads; Quizlet Plus $35.99 a year, Plus Unlimited $44.99 a year, a group plan $83.99 a year; monthly billing also offered (Oct 2026). Ads: yes. A solid study tool for middle and high schoolers; pay for Plus or use school access to avoid ads. - [Quordle](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/quordle) by Merriam-Webster (created by Freddie Meyer). Ages about 10 and up. Age rule: Merriam-Webster says its sites are for a general audience and not aimed at children under 16. It will not knowingly take personal information from children under 13 without consent from a parent or school. Playing needs no account. Free: Free with ads (Oct 2026).. Ads: yes. A good free brain warm-up for word-loving teens and confident older readers; younger kids will find nine guesses for four words frustrating. - [Qustodio](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/qustodio) by Qustodio Technologies. Ages kids and teens. Age rule: The account holder must be over 18. Parents must tell monitored users aged 14 and up that monitoring software is installed and get their consent, unless local law says otherwise. Qustodio says it is designed for parents, not children. Paid: Basic $59.95 a year; Complete $104.95 a year with Care Plus included (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A strong choice for mixed-device households that want one dashboard; parents of older teens should weigh the monitoring against trust. - [Raddish Kids](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/raddish-kids) by Raddish Kids Inc. Ages about 4-14+. Age rule: Terms say you must be at least 18 to use the site or services. The privacy notice says the services are aimed at adults 18+ and are not directed to children under 16. Paid: Cooking club: $28.95 a month month-to-month, $25.95 a month on a 6-month plan ($155.70), or $22.95 a month on a 12-month plan ($275.40), US shipping free (Oct 2026). Sibling add-on $5 a month. Global and baking clubs start at $22.95 a month.. Ads: none. A good fit for families who want a guided, screen-free cooking project each month and will shop for ingredients; skip it if a recurring box is hard on the budget. - [RAISE Playground](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/raise-playground) by MIT RAISE Initiative and the MIT Media Lab Personal Robots Group. Ages middle school (about 11-14), usable by older students. Age rule: Not stated in terms. The terms say no account or personal information is needed to use the site. Free: Free (Oct 2026); materials licensed CC BY-NC.. Ads: none. An excellent free way for middle schoolers and teachers to learn how AI works by building it; younger children will need a lot of adult help. - [Raspberry Pi AI Camera / AI Kit](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/raspberry-pi-ai-camera) by Raspberry Pi. Ages teens and adults (not stated by the maker). Age rule: Not stated; the Raspberry Pi privacy policy does not mention children or any age limit. Paid: AI Camera $70; AI HAT+ 2 $200; AI Kit no longer in production (Oct 2026); a Raspberry Pi board is extra. Ads: none. Great for teens who want to build real AI vision or local chatbot projects; too technical for younger children without an adult. - [Raspberry Pi Projects and Experience CS](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/raspberry-pi-projects-experience-cs) by Raspberry Pi Foundation. Ages about 7-18 (projects); grades 3-8 (Experience CS). Age rule: No account needed to use the projects or Code Editor. For an optional Raspberry Pi Foundation account, under-13s need a parent or guardian to sign up with their email; 13+ can sign up alone. Experience CS student accounts are made by teachers. Free: Free (Oct 2026). Physical computing projects need hardware such as a Raspberry Pi, bought separately.. Ads: none. An easy free recommendation for families and teachers who want step-by-step projects beyond Scratch basics. - [Ratatype](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/ratatype) by Ratatype. Ages about 13+ (per its own policy). Age rule: The privacy policy says it does not collect information from anyone under 13 and that the site is directed to people 13 and older. Free, with paid extras: Free with ads; Ratatype Plus $9.99 a month or $49.99 a year (auto-renews) for no ads and unlimited exercises; teacher classes free (Oct 2026).. Ads: yes. Reasonable for teens learning to touch type; for younger students, schools should pick a tool built and licensed for under-13s. - [Raz-Kids](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/raz-kids) by Learning A-Z (LAZEL, Inc., a Cambium Learning Group company). Ages grades K-5. Age rule: Accounts come from a teacher, school or paying parent. Terms say customers must supervise and take full responsibility for use by children under 13; the privacy policy relies on the school or parent for COPPA consent. Paid: Sold per teacher online (price shown at checkout, not on the product page) or by school and district quote; free trial (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. Common and useful for leveled practice when a teacher assigns it; not a replacement for library books a child picks. - [Reach All Readers](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/reach-all-readers) by Anna Geiger (formerly The Measured Mom). Ages about 5-9 (grades K-3); the site is for adults. Age rule: The site's privacy policy says anyone under 16 should not use the website, comment or subscribe without a parent's permission. Free, with paid extras: Blog, podcast and many freebies are free. Reach All Readers Plus: $17.99 a month, $179 a year, or $379 a year with the full course; lower per-teacher rates for groups (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. Worth a look for K-3 teachers and homeschooling parents who want structured phonics printables; families wanting an app their child uses alone should skip it. - [Read 180](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/read-180) by HMH. Ages grades 3-12. Age rule: School-licensed; the school gives COPPA consent for students under 13 and provides their accounts. Through schools: District pricing, not public (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A well-studied option for older students far behind in reading; check that your child gets real teacher time, not just the app. - [Read Along by Google](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/read-along-by-google) by Google. Ages about 5-10 (early primary readers). Age rule: Can be used without signing in. Signed-in use needs a Google Account; Google's terms say a child under the age to manage their own account needs a parent's permission (in practice a supervised Family Link account). Free: Free; no ads or upsells. Read Along in Google Classroom is free for schools with Google Workspace for Education Fundamentals (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A good free first choice for early readers on Android or the web; families wanting a full phonics course should pair it with something more structured. - [Read&Write](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/read-and-write) by Everway (formerly Texthelp). Ages grades K-12 and adults. Age rule: Individual buyers must be at least 18. A school that lets students under 13 use it must get verifiable parental consent first. Free, with paid extras: Individual license $184 a year; K-12 group $18.30 per student a year (150-seat minimum); district $2.75 per seat; free for K-12 teachers; a free version with fewer tools (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A solid support tool for kids with dyslexia or reading gaps, usually best gotten through school; families buying alone pay $184 a year. - [Reading Eggs](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/reading-eggs) by 3P Learning. Ages about 2-13. Age rule: Not stated as an age in the terms; parents create the account and the terms ask parents to guide their children's online use. Paid: $13.99 a month or $99.99 a year for up to 4 children, with a free trial (30 days per the terms); Homeschool Max $41.90 a month (US, Oct 2026). Renews automatically.. Ads: none. A reasonable all-in-one reading and math subscription for ages 3-8; check the auto-renewal date before the trial ends. - [ReadWorks](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/readworks) by ReadWorks (nonprofit). Ages about 5-18 (grades K-12). Age rule: Not open to anyone under 13 whose registration has not been approved by school staff or a parent or guardian. Students should review the rules with a parent or teacher. Free: Free for teachers, parents and students (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A solid free source of reading passages for teachers and parents who will assign them; reluctant readers who need a game or story hook may lose interest. - [Rec Room](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/rec-room) by Rec Room Inc. (WARNING). Ages was about 10-18. Age rule: The last archived terms (January 2026) said users had to be 18, or have parents who reviewed the terms and agreed on their behalf. The service is now closed. Free: Closed June 1, 2026. It was free to play with a paid subscription and Rec Tokens; the terms let the company change or end tokens and creator payouts without refund.. Ads: unknown. Closed; a reminder that purchases and creations on any online platform can vanish when the company does. - [Red Ted Art](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/red-ted-art) by Red Ted Art Ltd (Maggy). Ages about 2-15 (preschool, kids 5+, tweens and teens). Age rule: Not stated; we found no terms of use, and the privacy page sets no age limit. Free: Free with ads (Oct 2026); print books sold separately.. Ads: yes. A dependable free craft idea source for parents and teachers; best browsed by an adult who then sets up the project, given the ads. - [Reddit](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/reddit) by Reddit, Inc.. Ages 13+ (App Store rating 18+). Age rule: No one under 13 may use Reddit, and you must be over the minimum age in your country (Reddit's help page says 16 in Australia). Under the age of majority, you need a parent or guardian to agree to the terms; mature content needs 18+. Free: Free with ads (Oct 2026); in-app purchases are available.. Ads: yes. Better for older teens who stick to specific hobby communities; not a place for younger kids to browse. - [Remind](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/remind) by ParentSquare, Inc.. Ages about 10-18 (students in classes, teams and clubs), plus parents. Age rule: The Remind Chat terms set no minimum age but say anyone under 18 must read the terms with a parent or guardian. The privacy policy says it follows COPPA and may use FTC-approved methods to get parental consent for children. Free, with paid extras: Remind Chat is free for teachers, coaches and individuals. Remind Hub (outside K-12) and ParentSquare (K-12) are sold to organizations; prices are not public (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. Fine for a coach or teacher who needs quick reminders; schools are better served by the ParentSquare platform it is being folded into. - [Replit](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/replit) by Replit, Inc.. Ages about 13-18 and adults. Age rule: Must be at least 13; under 18 needs a parent's or guardian's permission. The terms updated August 3, 2026 removed the earlier rule that let under-13s use Replit with a parent's written consent. Free, with paid extras: Limited free use; Core $20 a month ($18 billed yearly) and Pro $100 a month ($90 billed yearly), plus pay-as-you-go effort-based charges for heavier AI use (USD, Oct 2026).. Ads: unknown. Fine for older teens with a parent's permission who want to ship real projects; younger kids are no longer allowed, and beginners learning to code may do better with tools built for teaching. - [RIF Literacy Central](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/rif-literacy-central) by Reading Is Fundamental (nonprofit). Ages about 3-12. Age rule: The terms say RIF does not knowingly collect personal information from under-13s, and under-18s may use rif.org only with a parent's or guardian's permission. Under-13s reach account features only through a parent's, teacher's or volunteer's account. Free: Free (Oct 2026); the linked Skybrary reading app is a paid subscription with a 30-day trial.. Ads: none. A useful free shelf of book activities for teachers, librarians and reading-minded parents; kids won't use it on their own. - [Roblox](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/roblox) by Roblox Corporation. Ages about 5-16 and up. Age rule: No minimum age in the terms. Anyone under the age of majority needs a parent or guardian to read and agree to the terms, and the parent is responsible for the child's activity, including purchases. Only adults may buy Robux or subscriptions. Chat needs an age check; 5-8 year olds get Roblox Kids accounts and 9-15 year olds Roblox Select accounts. Free, with paid extras: Free to play. Robux from $2.99 for 240 to $199.99 for 22,500; Roblox Plus $4.99 a month, or $8.99-$21.99 a month with monthly Robux (roblox.com, Oct 2026). Robux are not refundable.. Ads: yes. Workable for kids whose parent links an account and sets limits; skip for young children if you will not manage chat and spending. - [Roblox Parental Controls](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/roblox-parental-controls) by Roblox Corporation. Ages for parents of kids about 5-17. Age rule: Anyone under the age of majority needs a parent to read and accept the terms, and the parent is responsible for the child's activity. Many settings move from parent to child at 13, and accounts unlink at 18. Free: Controls are free; Roblox itself is free with Robux purchases (Oct 2026).. Ads: yes. Every Roblox parent should link an account and set these up; they reduce risk but do not make Roblox safe for young kids on their own. - [Roblox Studio and Roblox Education](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/roblox-studio) by Roblox Corporation. Ages about 10-18. Age rule: Terms: a minor's parent or guardian must read and consent to the terms and is responsible for the child's activity and purchases. Only adults may buy Robux or make real-money transactions. Since January 2026 a facial age check (or ID for 13+) is required to use chat; under-9s need parent consent to chat, and chat is limited to nearby age groups. Free: Studio and lesson plans are free (Oct 2026). Robux, subscriptions and in-game items cost real money on the main platform.. Ads: yes. Powerful for teens who want to make real games, best with a parent watching account settings; young kids or families wary of open platforms should start with Scratch or MakeCode Arcade. - [Robo Wunderkind](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/robo-wunderkind) by Robo Wunderkind (Vienna, Austria). Ages about 5-12. Age rule: The app privacy policy says the person registering must be at least 16; if children under 16 use the apps, the registering adult confirms they hold parental responsibility and consents for them. Paid: Education Kit EUR 299 and Extension Kit EUR 199 at the Moravia Education shop linked from the site (Oct 2026); U.S. prices vary by reseller.. Ads: none. A sturdy hands-on robot kit for ages 5-12 that suits classrooms and committed families; check the reseller's support and app updates before buying. - [RoomRecess](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/roomrecess) by RoomRecess.com (built by an elementary school teacher). Ages about 6-11 (grades K-5). Age rule: Not stated: there is no terms page. The privacy policy says the site collects no information from visitors and follows COPPA, and encourages parents to supervise. Free: Free (Oct 2026), supported by ads.. Ads: yes. Useful free practice for K-5 skills; families who mind ads or want progress reports should pick another tool. - [Rori](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/rori) by Rising Academies. Ages grades 3-9, plus adults relearning basics. Age rule: Rori's own pages state no age rule. WhatsApp's terms say users must be at least 13 (or older where local law requires) to use it on their own. Free: Free; needs WhatsApp and mobile data (Oct 2026).. Ads: unknown. A promising, evidence-backed free tutor for children in its target countries; families elsewhere, or with kids under 13, should weigh the WhatsApp rule. - [ROYBI Robot](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/roybi-robot) by Roybi Inc. (WARNING). Ages 3 and up. Age rule: No terms of use or privacy policy were found on the current site, and the privacy link in the App Store listing returns an error page. The site markets it to children 3 and up; the parent app is rated 4+. Paid: No price or store on the maker's site (Oct 2026); the parent app is free with in-app purchases.. Ads: unknown. Hard to recommend now: with the company's exit and no privacy policy online, families should skip it unless the new owner publishes clear terms and support. - [RumorGuard](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/rumorguard) by News Literacy Project (nonprofit). Ages teens and adults (about 13+). Age rule: RumorGuard's own pages show no terms. The News Literacy Project's privacy policy says its sites are not intended for children under 18, except students a teacher invites to its Checkology classroom; its Terms of Use page says coming soon. Free: Free (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A useful free habit-builder for teens and parents learning to spot fakes together; younger children should use it with an adult. - [Sago Mini](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/sago-mini) by Sago Sago Toys Inc. (Piknik, a Spin Master company). Ages about 2-5. Age rule: Parents consent and accept the terms for their child's use. The privacy policy says the websites are for grown-ups and the apps are for young children with parental supervision. Paid: Free trial; Sago Mini World from $7.99 a month or $59.99 a year; Piknik bundle $14.99 a month (Oct 2026, App Store and playpiknik.com).. Ads: none. A gentle, ad-free subscription for 2-5-year-olds; skip if you want free apps or measurable skills practice. - [Samsung Galaxy Watch for Kids](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/samsung-galaxy-watch-for-kids) by Samsung. Ages kids without their own phone. Age rule: Parent and child both need a Samsung Account and a Google Account with Family Link; parental consent is required for children under 13. Paid: Free software feature; needs a Galaxy Watch LTE, a compatible Samsung phone for the parent, and a Verizon, AT&T or T-Mobile watch line (watch price not on the kids page, Oct 2026).. Ads: none. Makes sense for Samsung families with a spare LTE Galaxy Watch; others will find cheaper kids' watches. - [San Diego Zoo Wildlife Explorers](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/san-diego-zoo-wildlife-explorers) by San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance. Ages about 4-12. Age rule: No kids' terms page; the alliance's terms set no age. Its privacy policy says it will not knowingly request personal information from under-13s without verifiable parental consent and asks under-13s not to submit any. Free: Free (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A pleasant free animal site for younger kids and zoo fans; it is a supplement, not a science program. - [Say What You See](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/say-what-you-see) by Google Arts & Culture (with artist Jack Wild). Ages about 9 and up (needs reading and typing). Age rule: No account needed to play. Google's Terms apply (under the age to manage a Google Account needs a parent's permission), plus Google's Generative AI Additional Terms, which add any age limits shown for a service. Free: Free (Oct 2026). Ads: none. A good AI-literacy activity for upper-elementary and middle-school kids, best with an adult nearby; too text-heavy for early readers. - [Scanning Pens (C-Pen reading pens)](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/scanning-pens) by Scanning Pens (Empowering Tech Group). Ages about 6 and up. Age rule: Not stated in terms; the site's terms cover purchases. The maker says the pens are designed for students from 6 years old to adulthood. Paid: C-Pen Reader 3 $449, C-Pen Reader 2 $399, e-pens explore scanner $299 (U.S. store, Oct 2026); class packs and district pilots available.. Ads: none. A practical tool for children with dyslexia who read paper books and worksheets; families mostly reading on screens can use free built-in text-to-speech instead. - [Scholastic Home Base](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/scholastic-home-base) by Scholastic Inc. (WARNING). Ages kids under 13 and up (Scholastic's middle-grade readers). Age rule: Scholastic's kids' privacy policy treats users under 13 as children, asks a birth date for age screening, and filtered or moderated all chat and posts. The service is now closed. Free: Was free; closed November 4, 2025.. Ads: unknown. No longer available; a reminder that kids' creations on free platforms can disappear, so save what matters. - [SchoolAI](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/schoolai) by SchoolAI. Ages grades K-12 (and college). Age rule: Students may use it only through a school, which must get any consent the law requires. Children under 13 may use it only through their school (or with a parent's consent), under SchoolAI's COPPA notice. Free, with paid extras: Free trial with 5 Space launches a year; Pro and Scale plans by quote (not public, Oct 2026).. Ads: none. One of the more carefully governed classroom AI tutors; parents can ask whether their school uses the 24/7 portal and how long chats are kept. - [Science Buddies](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/science-buddies) by Science Buddies (nonprofit). Ages grades K-12. Age rule: Browsing needs no account. Under-13s who register on their own must give a parent's email, and a parent must approve within 7 days or the account is turned off; under 13 through a school, it acts as a school official. Free: Free resources (Oct 2026); science kits sold separately.. Ads: none. The go-to free resource for science fair season for any grade; parents of under-13s should approve accounts promptly. - [SciStarter](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/scistarter) by SciStarter, with Arizona State University. Ages about 8 and up with an adult; 13+ to upload data alone. Age rule: 13+ or with an adult's permission, per the terms. The educators page says participants need to be 13 or older to upload project data on their own. Free: Free (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A good launchpad for families who want to do real science together; a parent should hold the account for younger kids. - [Scratch](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/scratch) by Scratch Foundation. Ages 8-16. Age rule: Anyone under 18 may use the service only if a parent or guardian first agrees to the terms on their behalf. Sign-up asks for a parent or guardian's email. Free: Free (Oct 2026); nonprofit.. Ads: none. The standard first real coding tool for kids 8-16; parents should review the community guidelines and the new AI-training language together with their child. - [ScratchJr](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/scratchjr) by DevTech Research Group at Boston College and the Scratch Foundation. Ages 5-7. Age rule: Not stated in terms; the end user license agreement sets no age. No account is used. Free: Free (Oct 2026); donations requested.. Ads: none. An easy yes for families and teachers of 5-7-year-olds who want a calm, creative first coding app; older kids will outgrow it quickly. - [Securly Aware](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/securly-aware) by Securly, Inc.. Ages grades K-12 on school accounts and devices. Age rule: School-only. The school consents for students under 13 as the parents' agent under COPPA. Securly's own websites are not directed to anyone under 18. Through schools: District pricing, not public; the Securly Home parent app comes free when the school offers it.. Ads: none. If your district uses it, ask what is scanned, who sees alerts and the wellness score, and what the Home app shows; it's a school decision, not a family one. - [Seeing AI](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/seeing-ai) by Microsoft. Ages all ages (built for blind and low-vision users). Age rule: No account is needed and no Seeing AI-specific terms were found. The App Store rates it 4+ and Google Play rates it Everyone; Microsoft's general privacy statement requires parental consent for a Microsoft account under 13. Free: Free (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A strong free tool for blind or low-vision kids and their families; teach children that its descriptions can be wrong. - [Seek by iNaturalist](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/seek-by-inaturalist) by iNaturalist (nonprofit). Ages about 5-12 (App Store: made for ages 9-11). Age rule: No account needed and the maker calls it safe for children. Logging in to post to iNaturalist is only for users 13+ or with parental permission, per iNaturalist's terms. Free: Free, no subscriptions or paywalls (Oct 2026). The maker warns that paid look-alike apps advertise on searches for its name.. Ads: none. The safest first nature-ID app for young kids; pair it with an adult before anyone touches or tastes what it names. - [Seesaw](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/seesaw) by Seesaw Learning. Ages about 4-12 (PreK-grade 6). Age rule: Students cannot create accounts themselves; a teacher or school must invite them. For children under 13 the school gives consent under COPPA on the parents' behalf, and Seesaw relies on that school authorization. Teachers and family members must accept Seesaw's end-user terms. Through schools: School and district licenses only (Seesaw LMS, Instruction & Insights, Seesaw AI); prices are by quote, not public. Seesaw says it does not sell paid teacher licenses. The family app is free (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A good fit for elementary schools that want kids to show their thinking and keep families in the loop; families cannot sign up on their own. - [Sesame Street (games and apps)](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/sesame-street-games) by Sesame Workshop. Ages about 2-5. Age rule: No minimum age. The terms are accepted by the adult on their own behalf and on behalf of their children; the privacy policy has a separate children's section for under-13s. Free: Official Sesame Street app and website games are free (Oct 2026). The separate StoryToys 'Sesame Street Games Club' app sells unlocks ($6.99 monthly or $39.99 'unlock everything' on the App Store).. Ads: none. A good free pick for preschoolers who love the characters; check who made any Sesame-branded app before paying. - [Seterra (GeoGuessr)](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/seterra) by GeoGuessr AB. Ages about 9-18. Age rule: 16 and older. The terms say users must be at least 16; younger users must have a parent or guardian review and agree to the terms. The privacy policy says you must be 16 to create an account. Free, with paid extras: Quizzes free with ads; GeoGuessr Pro from $3.99 a month billed yearly ($47.88) or $6.99 monthly; a higher tier is $5.99 a month billed yearly ($71.88) (Oct 2026).. Ads: yes. Great for memorizing maps and flags in upper grades; younger children should play logged-out with a parent's okay. - [Sheppard Software](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/sheppard-software) by Sheppard Software. Ages about 3-14 (preschool to middle school). Age rule: Not stated: no terms of use page was found, and the privacy statement names no age limit. Free: Free; supported by ads (Oct 2026).. Ads: yes. Fine for supervised map and math practice; parents of young children may prefer a site that rules out tracking ads. - [Simply Piano](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/simply-piano) by Simply Ltd. Ages school-age kids, teens and adults. Age rule: Users under 16 need a parent's or legal guardian's express consent; under-13s may not share personal information without parental approval, and under-18s may not pay without consent. Paid: Subscription after a trial. US App Store lists 12-month Premium at $119.99-$149.99, a Family Plan up to $179.99 and shorter plans from $24.95 (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. Suits motivated kids with a keyboard at home who want to learn songs; a human teacher still matters for technique and posture. - [Singapore Math (Dimensions Math, Primary Mathematics)](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/singapore-math) by Singapore Math Inc.. Ages about 4-14 (PreK-grade 8). Age rule: The website terms say anyone who submits content must not be a minor. The site and shop are for adults buying books; there is no child account. Paid: Workbooks about $14.50 each; Dimensions Math Video Lessons $85 per grade (grades 1-6), and the videos need the textbooks, workbooks and guide; free placement tests and printouts (USD, Oct 2026). School pricing on a separate page.. Ads: none. Suits homeschool families and schools wanting a structured, print-first math program; skip it if you want an app that does the teaching and checking for you. - [Sketchbook](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/sketchbook) by Sketchbook, Inc.. Ages about 8+. Age rule: 16 or older. Children under 16 may use it only if a parent or guardian downloads it and lets the child use it; the privacy policy says under-16s must review it with a parent first. Free, with paid extras: Free on phones and tablets; Premium Bundle $2.99 one time on the US App Store (Oct 2026). Sketchbook Pro for Mac and Windows is sold through the app stores; price not on the maker's site.. Ads: none. A calm, private sketching app for kids starting digital drawing, installed by a parent; serious young artists may outgrow it. - [SketchUp for Schools](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/sketchup-for-schools) by Trimble. Ages grades K-12. Age rule: No minimum age stated; it is for K-12 students and teachers at schools that use Google for Education or Microsoft Education, and only the school's domain administrator can approve it. Through schools: Free for any K-12 school enrolled in Google for Education or Microsoft Education (Oct 2026). Homeschoolers and others need the regular, paid SketchUp.. Ads: none. A good free 3D tool for schools on Google or Microsoft; families at home should try Tinkercad or Onshape's free student plan. - [Skoove](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/skoove) by Learnfield GmbH. Ages teens and adults (younger kids with a parent). Age rule: Terms are for adult consumers; use by minors without their legal guardians' consent is not allowed, and Learnfield may delete minors' data. Free, with paid extras: Skoove Basic free; Premium €29.99 a month, €59.99 every 3 months or €149.99 a year on the website (Oct 2026); US App Store lists Premium from $19.99 to $149.99.. Ads: unknown. A solid self-study option for teens or a parent learning alongside a child; not designed for young kids on their own. - [Sky Guide](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/sky-guide) by Fifth Star Labs LLC. Ages about 6 and up (rated 4+ on the App Store). Age rule: Not stated in terms; the terms of use set no age. The privacy policy says the company does not collect information from children it knows are under 13. Free, with paid extras: Free download. Plus $4.99 or $39.99, Pro $8.99 or $59.99, Pro Lifetime $249.99 (US App Store, Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A lovely, privacy-light stargazing app for families with iPhones or iPads; Android families and those avoiding subscriptions should look elsewhere. - [Skye AI maths tutor](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/skye-third-space-learning) by Third Space Learning. Ages UK Years 3-7 and GCSE (about 7-16). Age rule: School-only: schools buy and enroll pupils, and the pricing page says parents cannot buy it. No pupil age rule appears in the terms pages that loaded. Through schools: UK primary schools pay £3,500, £5,000 or £6,000 a year by size; secondary schools £5,000; unlimited pupils and sessions (Oct 2026).. Ads: unknown. A reasonable option for schools wanting extra maths practice at scale, as long as they accept recorded lessons; parents cannot buy it directly. - [Skylight Calendar](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/skylight-calendar) by Skylight. Ages whole family; chore charts suit kids about 4-12. Age rule: Buyers must be at least 18 (or the age of majority). The privacy policy says the services are not meant for anyone under 13 and children under 13 may not use them; kids use the shared screen under a parent's account. Paid: 15-inch Calendar $299.99 one-time, with one free month of Plus, then Plus is $79/year (USD, Oct 2026). Frame-only Plus is $39/year. Core calendar, tasks, lists and parental lock work without a subscription.. Ads: none. Good for busy families with younger kids who respond to a visible chore chart; skip it if a shared phone calendar already works. - [SkyView](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/skyview) by Terminal Eleven LLC (WARNING). Ages about 6 and up. Age rule: No age rule found; we found no terms of use. Both privacy policies say they comply with COPPA and do not collect personal data from anyone, including children. App Store rating 4+. Free, with paid extras: SkyView Lite free with $0.99 add-ons; full SkyView $2.99 on iOS and $4.99 on Android (Oct 2026).. Ads: unknown. Pay the few dollars for the full version, which keeps location on the phone; skip the free Lite version for children. - [Smartick](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/smartick) by Sistemas Virtuales de Aprendizaje, S.L. (Smartick). Ages 4-14. Age rule: An adult parent or guardian buys the service and registers the children, who may be minors; the parent is responsible for everything done on the account. Paid: 1-month subscription $35.99 on the US App Store; website prices load only in the live pricing page; 7-day free trial; renews automatically (Oct 2026).. Ads: unknown. Fits families who want a short daily math routine and will pay for it; budget-minded families can find free practice elsewhere. - [Smithsonian Learning Lab](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/smithsonian-learning-lab) by Smithsonian Office of Educational Technology. Ages grades PreK-12. Age rule: Anyone can browse without an account. Under-13s need a parent or guardian to set up an account (verified by email consent), or a school with a Smithsonian agreement can register them. Accounts upgrade at 13. Free: Free (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A trustworthy free source for teachers and older students; younger children do best with a teacher-made collection. - [Snap!](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/snap-berkeley) by University of California, Berkeley, with SAP. Ages about 12-20 (the terms say it is aimed mainly at ages 12-20). Age rule: No minimum age in the terms; no account is needed to program. To save to the cloud, under-13s must give a parent's or guardian's email at sign-up, and the site treats under-16s as needing parent notice under GDPR. Free: Free and open source (Oct 2026); donations accepted.. Ads: none. A good next step for teens who have outgrown Scratch and want real computer science; younger beginners should start with Scratch. - [Snapchat (Family Center)](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/snapchat) by Snap Inc.. Ages 13+. Age rule: Not for anyone under 13, or under a higher minimum age where you live. You must confirm you are old enough to make an account, and Snap suspends and deletes accounts and data of users it learns are underage. Free: Free with ads (Oct 2026); Snapchat+ is an optional paid subscription.. Ads: yes. Only for teens 13+ with Family Center linked and location settings checked; skip for younger children. - [Snapchat My AI](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/snapchat-my-ai) by Snap Inc.. Ages 13+. Age rule: Snapchat is not for children under 13 (or a higher minimum age where you live); Snap may ask you to verify your age and deletes accounts it learns are underage. Free: Free in Snapchat; Snapchat+ is an optional paid subscription (Oct 2026). Ads: yes. Not a learning tool; parents of teens on Snapchat should consider disabling it in Family Center. - [Snorble](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/snorble) by Snorble Inc.. Ages about 2-7. Age rule: Children under 13 may use it only through an account set up by a parent, with COPPA parental approval. The website is for parents only. Paid subscriptions are not available to anyone under 16. Paid: $299 (listed down from $349) including the LullaPod dock and a 6-month app subscription; sold out with a waitlist (USD, Oct 2026). Later subscription price not shown.. Ads: none. May suit families of preschoolers who want help with bedtime routines and accept a listening device in the room; skip it if you want a proven, available product with clear ongoing costs. - [Snorkl](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/snorkl) by Snorkl. Ages grades K-12. Age rule: Sold to schools and teachers. The school must give COPPA 'school consent' or get written parent consent for children under 13 before they use it, and must keep those consents on file. Student records are handled under FERPA. Free, with paid extras: Free for individual teachers; school and district Premium (coach, dashboards, school library, training) by quote (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. Suits teachers who want students to talk through math and get fast feedback; families cannot buy it, and schools should check the data agreement first. - [SolveMe Puzzles](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/solveme-puzzles) by Education Development Center (EDC). Ages about 8-14 (upper elementary through algebra), and older puzzle fans. Age rule: No terms of use or age rule are posted on the puzzle site; anyone can play as a guest without an account. Free: Free (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A good free pick for kids 8 and up who like logic puzzles and are heading toward algebra; skip it if you need a phone app or a guided course. - [Sora](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/sora) by OverDrive. Ages grades K-12 (school collections). Age rule: No OverDrive account is needed; students sign in through their school. OverDrive's children's privacy policy says children under 13 may not create an OverDrive account, and its terms say account holders must be at least 13. Through schools: Schools pay; pricing not public (Oct 2026). Free for students whose school subscribes.. Ads: none. If your child's school uses it, it is a safe, ad-free way to read assigned and free-choice books at home; there is nothing to buy as a family. - [Soundtrap](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/soundtrap) by Soundtrap AB (Sweden). Ages grades K-12 through school; 13+ for personal accounts. Age rule: Personal accounts: 18+, or 13 to 17 with a parent's or guardian's consent. Under-13s use it only through school accounts, where the school is responsible for getting parent consent. Free, with paid extras: Free personal plan plus paid personal plans that renew automatically; schools get a 30-day free trial. The pricing page did not show prices to our tools, so check soundtrap.com/pricing (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A good fit for schools teaching music or podcasting on Chromebooks; families at home may get more from free GarageBand or BandLab. - [Spacetalk kids smartwatches](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/spacetalk) by Spacetalk (Australia). Ages about 4-12. Age rule: The account holder must be 18 and verify their identity; they are responsible for anyone under 18 who uses the watch or account. For US children under 13, Spacetalk says it gets parent consent under COPPA. Paid: US: Loop Complete Bundle $267; most watches showed sold out on the US store; a watch plan is required: $18 a month, $95 for 6 months, or $180 a year (USD, Oct 2026).. Ads: none. Suits parents of younger kids who want calls and location without a phone; skip it if you do not want a monthly plan or round-the-clock tracking. - [SparkFun Learn](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/sparkfun-learn) by SparkFun Electronics. Ages about 12 and up (younger with an adult). Age rule: Not stated in the terms or privacy policy. The site is a store's tutorial library for a general audience. Free, with paid extras: Tutorials are free. Kits cost extra, for example the SparkFun Inventor's Kit for MicroPython at $124.95 and a Teensy 4.1 board at $31.50 (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A good free companion for a teen who has a SparkFun or Arduino kit and wants to build real gadgets; younger kids need a parent alongside. - [Sparx Maths](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/sparx-maths) by Sparx Learning. Ages 11-16 (UK Key Stage 3 and GCSE). Age rule: School-only. The terms are a contract with the school, which shares student data and handles consent; no age rule for students is stated. Through schools: School subscription, pricing not public; schools can trial it first.. Ads: none. Families get it through school; it suits steady weekly practice, and parents should tell teachers if the target becomes a source of stress. - [Speak](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/speak) by Speakeasy Labs, Inc.. Ages about 13+ (teens and adults). Age rule: Under 18 is not allowed unless a parent supervises, has read the terms, approves and agrees to be bound by them and responsible for the child's use. The privacy policy says it is not meant for children under 13. Paid: 7-day free trial. On iPhone, Premium is $17.99 a month or $83.99 a year and Premium Plus is $39.99 a month or $164.99 a year (USD, Oct 2026).. Ads: unknown. A good fit for motivated teens who want to speak a language and have a parent willing to supervise; younger kids and families wary of voice data should skip it. - [Speechify](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/speechify) by Speechify Inc.. Ages teens and adults; children only on a parent's account. Age rule: You must be 18 (or the age of majority) to use it. Minors may use it only with a parent's or guardian's involvement and consent, under that adult's account. Children under 13 should not give personal data unless through a Speechify for Education license. Free, with paid extras: Free tier; Premium $29 a month billed monthly, or $139 a year (US, Oct 2026). Free trial (3 days per the terms) turns into a paid plan automatically.. Ads: none. Useful for a teen with dyslexia who needs to listen to schoolwork; younger children have simpler free options such as Immersive Reader. - [Sphero BOLT+](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/sphero-bolt-plus) by Sphero. Ages grades 3-10 (about 8-16). Age rule: Sphero's terms ask people under 18 not to create a Sphero account except in the Sphero Edu app; Edu accounts for children collect a parent's email, and the apps also work without an account. Paid: Single robot $199; 15-robot Power Pack $3,499 to $3,718 with code mats (Oct 2026). Ads: none. A solid classroom coding robot for grades 3-10; younger children are better served by screen-free robots like indi or Cubetto. - [Sphero indi](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/sphero-indi) by Sphero. Ages grades PreK-3 (about 4-9). Age rule: Sphero's terms ask people under 18 not to create a Sphero account except in the Sphero Edu app, which has its own child policy; the Edu apps can be used without an account. Paid: Single student kit $150; class packs $1,500 (8 robots) to $3,438 (Oct 2026). Ads: none. A good fit for pre-K to grade 3 classrooms and families who want screen-free coding; children past early grades will outgrow it. - [SplashLearn](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/splashlearn) by StudyPad, Inc.. Ages 2-11 (preschool to grade 5). Age rule: Children under 13 use it through a parent account (the parent gives the child's first name and other limited details at sign-up) or through a teacher, who must get written parent consent first. Live tutoring classes need a parent's verifiable consent. Free, with paid extras: Free to start with limited content; the App Store lists memberships from $7.99 to $11.99 a month or $69.99 to $89.99 a year (USD, Oct 2026). Free for teachers. Live classes cost extra.. Ads: none. A playful math and phonics option for preschool to grade 5 if you're happy to pay; families who want free or evidence-backed tools have other choices. - [Spotify (Spotify Kids and managed accounts)](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/spotify) by Spotify. Ages 13+ on their own; younger through Spotify Kids or managed accounts. Age rule: In the US you must be 18, or 13 or older with a parent or guardian's consent. Below the minimum age you may not register; in some markets the account holder of a family plan can turn on a kids experience. Free, with paid extras: Free with ads; Premium Family is $21.99 a month for up to 6 accounts and is required for Spotify Kids (US, Oct 2026).. Ads: yes. Easy to make safe for kids with a managed account or Spotify Kids; teens on regular accounts need the explicit filter on. - [Squaredle](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/squaredle) by Squaredle. Ages about 10 and up. Age rule: The terms say users must be at least 13 in the US (16 in the EU and UK), and under-18s need a parent or guardian to agree to the terms for them. Free, with paid extras: Free daily puzzle with ads; Squaredle Squared is a monthly or yearly subscription whose price is shown at sign-up, not on the pages I loaded; a Ko-fi supporter tier starts at $6 a month (Oct 2026).. Ads: yes. A good daily word habit for teens and families playing together; under-13s are outside its terms. - [Squirrel Ai](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/squirrel-ai) by Squirrel Ai Learning Inc.. Ages PreK-grade 5 in the US. Age rule: Users must be able to form a contract or use it with a parent or authorized adult involved; parents sign a COPPA consent form for children. Paid: Flat enrollment fee set by each independently owned center, like a gym membership; prices not public (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. Families near a center who want structured math help may try it, but should ask the center to turn off face-based features first. - [ST Math](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/st-math) by MIND Education (nonprofit). Ages about 4-14 (PreK-grade 8). Age rule: Students may use it only if they are at least 13, or with the consent and supervision of a parent, guardian or teacher. Most students get access through their school, which must hold the needed consents; homeschool licenses fall under a separate end-user agreement. Through schools: Schools buy annual licenses by quote; a homeschool subscription exists but its price was not shown on the public pages we loaded (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A strong choice if your child's school offers it, especially for visual learners; families wanting a cheap standalone app may find other options easier to buy. - [Star Walk 2](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/star-walk-2) by Vito Technology. Ages about 6 and up (rated 4+ on the App Store). Age rule: The privacy policy says users must be 18, or a parent or guardian consenting to a minor's use, and it does not knowingly collect data from under-18s. This is stricter than the 4+ App Store rating suggests. Free, with paid extras: Free with ads. Upgrade to all content with no ads $8.99; add-on packs $0.99 each; optional auto-renewing subscription with one-week free trial (US App Store, Oct 2026).. Ads: yes. A fun way to get kids looking up; parents should buy the ad-free upgrade or turn off ad tracking for younger children. - [Starfall](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/starfall) by Starfall Education Foundation (nonprofit). Ages about 3-11 (Pre-K to grade 5). Age rule: Not stated as a minimum age. The terms are written for an adult user, who is responsible for any child they let use the service; Starfall says it never asks children for personal information. Free, with paid extras: Learn-to-Read is free; Home Membership $35 a year; educator plans from $70 a year (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A safe, low-cost pick for preschool and early grades, especially for families who want no ads and no data collection. - [Steam (Steam Families)](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/steam-families) by Valve. Ages 13+ by the terms (younger only through a parent in practice). Age rule: You may not open a Steam account if you are under 13; Steam says it is not meant for children under 13. Where a country sets a higher age of consent, a parent must consent first. Children in a Steam Family cannot leave it on their own. Free: Steam and Steam Families are free (Oct 2026); games are bought one by one and purchases are final except under Steam's refund policy.. Ads: none. Good controls for families of teen PC gamers; younger kids are outside Steam's own age rule. - [Stellarium Web](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/stellarium-web) by Stellarium Labs / Noctua Software. Ages about 7 and up. Age rule: Not stated: there are no terms of use, and the privacy policy names no age limit. Free: Free in the browser (Oct 2026); the separate Stellarium Mobile apps have paid versions.. Ads: none. An easy free way for families to identify stars and planets together; kids who want guided lessons will need a book or class alongside it. - [Steve Spangler Science](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/steve-spangler-science) by Steve Spangler Science (owned by Excelligence Learning Corporation) (WARNING). Ages about 4-14 (K-8 classroom and home kits). Age rule: Not stated; we found no terms on the site, and the April 2026 privacy policy has no section on children. Paid: Kits are sold through Really Good Stuff and Amazon; prices vary by retailer (Oct 2026). No store on the brand's own site.. Ads: none. Fine for buying a proven science kit through a retailer, but parents should not expect the club or online content the brand's site once offered. - [Stickerbox](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/stickerbox) by Hapiko Inc.. Ages about 5-12. Age rule: Children under 13 should not create an account or use the services before Stickerbox gets verifiable parent consent (COPPA). Users must be of legal age to contract or have a parent agree to the terms. Paid: $129.99 with 8 pencils and 4 paper rolls (about 265 stickers); duo set $239.99; paper refills $5.99 for 3 rolls (USD, Oct 2026). Ships in the US only.. Ads: none. A fun creative gift for kids 5-10 who love drawing and stickers; skip it if you want a device that works offline or no recurring paper costs. - [Stop Motion Studio](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/stop-motion-studio) by Cateater, LLC. Ages about 5-14+. Age rule: Not stated in the EULA. No account or login is needed; the school page says students create without accounts. Free, with paid extras: Free version; all features unlock with a one-time purchase ($5.99 on the US App Store, Oct 2026). No subscription. Prices vary by country and store.. Ads: none. One of the safest creative apps for kids of almost any age; skip only if your child wants drawn rather than photographed animation. - [Story Spark](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/story-spark) by Algorithm Riders Ltd. Ages 13+ users; books aimed at about 2-10. Age rule: 13+; under 18 needs a parent's or guardian's consent. It does not knowingly collect data from under-13s; a parent can use their own account to make a book about a child. Free, with paid extras: Free plan for writing and editing; Dreamer 9.99 and Creator 39.99 a month (about 25% less yearly); printed storybooks from $29.99 (Oct 2026). Ads: unknown. A fit for parents making a keepsake book or teens who want to publish their writing; younger kids should create with a parent on the parent's account. - [Story Time From Space](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/story-time-from-space) by Global Space Education Foundation (nonprofit). Ages about 4-10 (lesson plans for K-12). Age rule: No terms of use or privacy policy found on the site. The videos are embedded from YouTube, so YouTube's rules and cookies apply when they play. Free, with paid extras: Videos are free; some lesson plans are for sale and posters cost $4 in the site store (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A memorable free story time for young space fans at home or in class; teachers wanting full ready-made units will find the curriculum thin. - [Storyberries](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/storyberries) by Smart Projects Consulting Pty Ltd (Australia). Ages 0-12 (sorted as 0-3, 4-6, 7-12). Age rule: Terms say the site is designed for adults reading to children; children must use it under adult supervision, and use is open only to people who can form legally binding contracts. Free: Free, supported by ads (Oct 2026).. Ads: yes. Handy for a grown-up looking for a quick free story to read together; not a site to hand a child alone because of tracking ads. - [Storybird](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/storybird) by Storybird Corp.. Ages about 6-16. Age rule: The terms say educators and parents signing up a child under 13 must be 18 or older. Users under 18 should review the terms with a parent. A child under 13 signs up with a parent's email, and Storybird asks the parent for consent before the account works. Free, with paid extras: Seven-day free trial; an annual membership is $29.99 a year, with monthly, family (up to six members) and school plans also offered (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A good fit for kids who love to write and draw inspiration from pictures; families wanting a lasting free tool should know the free part is only a week long. - [StoryJumper](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/storyjumper) by StoryJumper, Inc.. Ages about 6-14. Age rule: Under 13 must be linked to a parent account with verified consent (a $0.99 card or PayPal charge, or a signed permission slip), or join through a teacher's educational account where the teacher gives COPPA consent. Free, with paid extras: Free to make and share online; printed hardcover $27.99, paperback $14.99, video book $7.99, PDF $2.99 for up to 16 pages (Oct 2026). Ads: unknown. A good no-AI choice for kids who want to write and print their own books; check sharing settings before anything goes public. - [Storyline Online](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/storyline-online) by SAG-AFTRA Foundation (nonprofit). Ages about 3-10 (picture books; no age range stated). Age rule: Not stated; no account is needed. No terms of use page was found on the site. Free: Free; funded by donations and sponsors (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A lovely free read-aloud option for young kids, best used on the website or app rather than YouTube itself. - [Storynory](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/storynory) by Storynory Ltd (UK). Ages young children to preteens; family listening. Age rule: No terms page found. The privacy policy says there are no accounts or logins and that the site does not knowingly collect or request personal information. Free: Free; supported by listener donations through Patreon and PayPal (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. One of the most private free story options found; good for bedtime and car rides, and parents should use the website or podcast rather than look-alike apps. - [StoryToys](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/storytoys) by StoryToys Limited. Ages about 2-8. Age rule: Only adults (the age of majority where you live) can accept the terms. Children's use of the website and apps must be supervised by an adult. Free, with paid extras: Free to download with in-app purchases. Example: LEGO Bluey lists subscriptions at $6.99 a month or $39.99 a year plus $4.99 packs; LEGO DUPLO Peppa Pig sells an unlock-everything option and $2.99-$4.99 packs on the US App Store (Oct 2026). Apple Arcade versions come with that subscription.. Ads: none. Fun for preschoolers who love these characters; parents should turn on purchase controls and expect a branded experience. - [StoryWeaver](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/storyweaver) by Pratham Books (nonprofit). Ages about 3-12 (picture books to longer stories). Age rule: Users must be of legal age to form a contract or have a parent's or guardian's permission; schools and teachers must get written parent consent for children under 18. The privacy policy says it does not knowingly collect data from children under 16 without parent permission. Free: Free; stories are under Creative Commons licenses (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A treasure for multilingual families and teachers who want free stories in home languages; English-only families have many alternatives. - [Sudoku.com](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/sudoku-com) by Easybrain Ltd (Cyprus). Ages about 10 and up. Age rule: Easybrain's terms say users must be at least 16; those 16-18 need a parent or guardian to agree. The privacy policy says it is not designed for under-16s and may block the game or show only non-targeted ads when app-store signals point to a younger user. Free, with paid extras: Free with ads; a one-time 'No Ads' purchase is $14.99 on the App Store (Oct 2026).. Ads: yes. A fine logic game for teens and adults; for younger children, a parent should buy the no-ads version or pick a kids' puzzle app. - [Sumdog](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/sumdog) by Sumdog (Sumdog Ltd in the UK, Sumdog Inc. in the US). Ages about 5-14 (US grades K-8; UK years 1-9). Age rule: Students need permission from a parent, guardian or teacher, who must register for them; anyone under 18 logs in only on an account a parent or teacher created. Paid: Sumdog Family is $8.99 a month in the US after a free trial that needs payment details (Oct 2026). UK school prices start at £210 a year for a class of 35 for math.. Ads: none. A fun practice add-on for schools and families who want game-style drills; parents seeking proven gains or no online play with others should look elsewhere. - [Suno](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/suno) by Suno, Inc.. Ages 13+ (teens with a parent's consent). Age rule: 13+; under 18 may use it only with a parent's or guardian's express prior consent. Under 13 may not register or use it in any way. Free, with paid extras: Free (50 credits a day, no song downloads); Pro $8 and Premier $24 a month billed yearly (Oct 2026); extra credits sold. Ads: unknown. For teens with a parent's okay who want to play with songwriting; younger children and anyone wanting to learn instruments should skip it. - [Super Healthy Kids](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/super-healthy-kids) by Prepear, Inc. d.b.a. Super Healthy Kids. Ages for parents of kids roughly 1-12. Age rule: The privacy policy says the services are not intended for anyone under 16. The Prepear app is rated 16+ on the App Store. Free, with paid extras: Recipes and articles are free with ads (Oct 2026). Meal plans live in the Prepear app: free download, 14-day trial, then Prepear Gold in-app subscriptions listed on the App Store from $9.99 a month or $59.99-$119.99 a year.. Ads: yes. Handy free recipe source for parents feeding young kids; if you dislike ad-heavy sites or want a kids' cooking course, look elsewhere. - [Super Teacher Worksheets](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/super-teacher-worksheets) by Super Teacher Worksheets. Ages about 4-12 (Pre-K to grade 6); the site is for adults. Age rule: The terms say the services are only for users over 18, and anyone under 18 should not use or access them. Free, with paid extras: Hundreds of free worksheets; an individual membership is $24.95 a year and a school building license is $375 a year (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. Good value for teachers and homeschool parents who want printable practice; not something to hand to a child as an app. - [Sur La Table cooking classes (online and kids)](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/sur-la-table-cooking-classes) by Sur La Table (owned by Marquee Brands). Ages most classes 14+ with a paying adult; kids' and teen in-store series for younger cooks. Age rule: Website terms say the site is for users 18 or older. The class FAQ says most classes are for ages 14 and up, minors must come with a paying adult, some classes are 18+, and you cannot send a child to an adult class alone. Paid: Online classes from $39 per household on the class pages (the FAQ says $49) (Oct 2026). In-store classes from $89 a person; kids' and teen 5-day series from $299 a child. Full refund only if you cancel 48+ hours ahead.. Ads: none. Good for a parent and older child cooking a real meal together with live help; families wanting a class built for young kids should look at in-store series or other providers. - [Swift Playground](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/swift-playground) by Apple. Ages about 10 and up. Age rule: No app-specific age rule (App Store rating 4+). Downloading needs an Apple Account: you must be 13 to create one, and younger children's accounts are made by a parent through Family Sharing or by a school. Free: Free (Oct 2026). iPad version requires iPadOS 18 or later.. Ads: none. A solid free option for Apple families with kids about 10 and up who want real code; younger kids or non-Apple homes should start elsewhere. - [Sylvan Learning tutoring](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/sylvan-learning) by Sylvan Learning (Unleashed Brands). Ages grades K-12. Age rule: Not stated in the site terms; a parent enrolls the child. The parent company's privacy policy says its websites are not meant for children under 13. Paid: Typically $50-$55 an hour for online or in-person sessions, varying by center and program length; first assessment free (maker FAQ, Oct 2026).. Ads: unknown. Suits families who want a human tutor and structured plan and can pay hourly rates; skip it if you need a low-cost or self-paced option. - [Symbolab](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/symbolab) by Learneo (also owner of QuillBot). Ages about 12-18 and college. Age rule: Learneo's terms, which Symbolab's service terms add to, require users to be at least 13 or the minimum age to consent in their country. The privacy policy says it is not meant for children under 13 in the US or under 16 in Europe and the UK. Free, with paid extras: Free basic steps with ads. iPhone subscriptions: $2.49 a week, $7.99 to $9.99 a month, or $34.99 to $39.99 a year, including an ad-free option (USD, Oct 2026).. Ads: yes. Good for high schoolers and college students who want to see worked steps after trying a problem; younger kids and families worried about data use should skip it. - [Synthesis Tutor](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/synthesis-tutor) by Synthesis School, Inc.. Ages 5-11. Age rule: Only adults 18+ may sign up; the child must be 5 to 11 for Tutor (8 to 14 for Teams). Parents give consent under COPPA by email verification and click-through. Paid: 7-day free trial. The page showed several price sets in Oct 2026: about $29 a month or $119 a year for up to 7 kids, or $35-45 a month for one child, and a family plan at $70 a month, $400 a year or $1,499 lifetime. Ads: none. Worth a free trial for curious 5-to-11-year-olds who like math puzzles; families on a budget can get similar practice elsewhere for less. - [Take It Down](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/take-it-down) by National Center for Missing & Exploited Children (NCMEC). Ages anyone pictured when under 18, including adults now. Age rule: For anyone who has explicit images or videos of themselves taken when they were under 18, from any country. No account or personal details are needed. Images of people taken at 18 or older go to StopNCII instead. Free: Free (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. Every parent of a teen should know this exists and tell their kids about it; it is one step alongside a CyberTipline report, not a guarantee. - [Tasty](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/tasty-app) by BuzzFeed. Ages general audience; terms say 16+. Age rule: BuzzFeed's user agreement says its sites are not meant for anyone under 16 and it does not knowingly collect data from under-16s. The App Store nonetheless rates the app 4+. Free, with paid extras: Free with ads (Oct 2026). Tasty+ costs $3.99 a month or $34.99 a year as an in-app purchase.. Ads: yes. Fine for a parent and teen cooking together; younger kids should not have their own account, given the 16+ terms, ads and open community. - [Teach Your Monster to Read](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/teach-your-monster-reading) by Teach Your Monster Ltd (The Usborne Foundation). Ages about 3-6 (early phonics). Age rule: Accounts are for adults: the site is meant to be used by teachers and parents or guardians as a teaching tool, and they set up child players. No minimum age is stated. Free, with paid extras: Free on computers through the website; the iPhone and iPad app is a paid download ($8.99 on the US App Store, Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A great free phonics game for preschool and kindergarten on a computer; older readers will outgrow it fast. - [Teachable Machine](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/teachable-machine) by Google. Ages about 8 and up with an adult; teens on their own. Age rule: No age rule of its own and no account needed to use it. It falls under Google's Terms: anyone under the age needed to manage their own Google Account needs a parent's permission to use a Google Account. Free: Free (Oct 2026). No paid tier.. Ads: none. A strong first hands-on look at machine learning for kids about 8 and up with an adult nearby; families wary of webcam use should keep it on-device or skip it. - [TeachEngineering](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/teachengineering) by University of Colorado Boulder (with partner universities, funded by the National Science Foundation). Ages about 5-18 (grades K-12). Age rule: The terms of use set no age. The privacy policy advises students to check with their parents or teachers before registering or giving any personal information. Free: Free for educators and families; commercial use is not allowed (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A great free source for teachers and homeschool families who want real engineering projects; kids looking for something to do alone online won't find it here. - [Teachers Pay Teachers (TPT)](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/teachers-pay-teachers) by Teacher Synergy LLC (IXL Learning). Ages Adults (teachers and parents); materials for pre-K to grade 12. Age rule: Only people 18 or older can become members. Students may use the Student Tools only when a verified teacher invites them in a school setting; under-13s are covered by the school's consent. Free, with paid extras: Free to browse; many free resources; paid resources priced by each seller, for example $1.99 to $13.50 for items on the home page (Oct 2026). School plans exist.. Ads: unknown. A go-to shop for teachers and homeschoolers who can judge quality; check reviews and preview files before buying. - [TeamSnap](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/teamsnap) by TeamSnap. Ages families of young athletes; account holders 13+. Age rule: Account holders cannot be under 13 and must be old enough to accept the terms. Anyone posting information or video about a player under 13 promises they are the parent or have verifiable parental consent. Free, with paid extras: Single teams: $0 to start; coaches can pay to upgrade for availability tracking, bigger rosters and drills. Clubs and leagues get custom pricing. TeamSnap+ is an individual in-app subscription for an ad-free mobile app and coaching content (Oct 2026).. Ads: yes. A practical pick when your coach or league already uses it; expect ads and brand offers unless you pay. - [TED-Ed](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/ted-ed) by TED Conferences (nonprofit). Ages about 9-18. Age rule: Under 13 may watch but may not create a TED account; accounts are 13+, or 16+ in the EU without verifiable parental consent. Free: Free (Oct 2026); a shop sells TED-Ed products.. Ads: none. A reliable free video library for upper elementary through high school, best watched with a teacher's or parent's questions. - [Teenage Engineering EP-133 K.O. II](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/teenage-engineering-ep-133) by Teenage Engineering AB (Sweden). Ages about 10 and up. Age rule: No age limit for using the device. Teenage Engineering's privacy policy says you must be at least 16, or have a guardian's approval, for it to process your personal data (for example, store orders). Paid: $329 from Teenage Engineering's store (Oct 2026); bags and cases sold separately.. Ads: none. A great creative tool for a musically curious older kid or teen who wants to make beats without a screen; younger kids or casual dabblers may find it too costly and fiddly. - [The Kids Cook Monday](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/kids-cook-monday) by GRACE Communications Foundation (The Monday Campaigns). Ages about 2-12 (with an adult). Age rule: The privacy policy says the site is for a general audience, not meant for children under 13, and asks under-13s not to submit any information. The terms of use have no separate age rule. Free: Free recipes, guides and newsletter (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A useful free checklist for parents wondering which kitchen jobs to hand a child; not a cooking course or app for kids. - [The Light Phone](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/the-light-phone) by The Light Phone, Inc.. Ages about 10+ (as a first phone). Age rule: You must be 18 to sign up for Light's phone service. The company says it does not target minors and does not knowingly collect data from under-13s, so a parent buys and holds the account. Paid: Light Phone III $899, Light Flip $349; optional Light service $25 a month (unlimited talk and text, 1 GB) or $45 a month in the US (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A calm first phone for families who want calls and texts without the internet; families who need location tracking or contact limits should look at a kids' phone with parental controls. - [The Math Learning Center (free math apps)](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/math-learning-center) by The Math Learning Center (nonprofit). Ages about 4-11 (PreK to grade 5). Age rule: The website terms set no age limit, and the privacy statement does not address children. Free, with paid extras: The math apps and many resources are free; the Bridges curriculum is sold to schools through the MLC store, with preview accounts on request (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A great free set of hands-on math tools for parents and teachers of young kids; families wanting a self-paced lesson app should pair it with something else. - [The Odin Project](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/the-odin-project) by The Odin Project (open-source volunteer community). Ages about 15+ (built for adult career changers). Age rule: Terms of use state no minimum age. The privacy policy says it does not knowingly collect personal information from children under 13; its community lives on Discord, which has its own 13+ rule. Free: Free (Oct 2026); donations via Open Collective.. Ads: unknown. Excellent for a determined older teen aiming at web development jobs; not suited to children or casual learners. - [Think Academy](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/think-academy) by Think Academy International Education, Inc. (TAL Education Group). Ages pre-K to grade 12 (math programs start at grade 1). Age rule: Parents sign up and pay; payments for any student under 18 must be made by a parent. Think Academy says it follows COPPA and gets verifiable parental consent before collecting data from children under 13. Paid: Tuition varies by course and is not listed on the website; free evaluation and trial class; the maker says refunds are available any time (Oct 2026).. Ads: unknown. Fits families who want an accelerated, contest-focused math class with a live teacher; families wary of cross-border data sharing or academic pressure should look elsewhere. - [Thinkrolls (Avokiddo)](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/thinkrolls) by Avokiddo Ltd. Ages about 2-8. Age rule: You must be 13 or older to create an Avokiddo account, and anyone under 18 needs a parent's or guardian's approval. Website terms say the user is 18 or older, or a parent accepts them for a minor. Paid: Free trial, then $9.99 a month or $69.99 a year on the US App Store (Oct 2026). Terms say the subscription is iOS only. School version sold via Apple School Manager.. Ads: none. A good fit for iPad families who want puzzle-based thinking games for preschool and early grades; Android and Chromebook homes can't use it. - [Thinkster Math](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/thinkster-math) by Thinkster Learning. Ages grades K-12 (K-8 plus Algebra 1 through Calculus). Age rule: The terms set no minimum age and do not mention children or parent consent; the account holder is responsible for the account and accounts may not be shared. The privacy policy says it does not knowingly collect personal information from children under 13. Paid: IGNITE from $22.50 per 45-minute session and SIGNATURE (master's-level tutor) from $45 per session, 1-3 sessions a week, billed monthly, quarterly or yearly; 7-day free trial (USD, Oct 2026).. Ads: none. Suits families who want steady human tutoring plus daily practice and can afford it; skip it if you want a low-cost app or a plan you can stop anytime. - [This Reading Mama](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/this-reading-mama) by Becky Spence (This Reading Mama, LLC). Ages about 3-9 (preschool to early grades); the site is for adults. Age rule: The privacy policy says anyone under 16 should not use the website, comment or subscribe to newsletters without a parent's permission. Free, with paid extras: Many free printables; The Library membership is $12 a month or $120 a year; single products sold in her shop, on Etsy and on Teachers Pay Teachers (Oct 2026).. Ads: yes. A useful printable source for parents and teachers of beginning readers; families who dislike ad-heavy sites may prefer the paid library. - [Threads](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/threads) by Meta. Ages 13+. Age rule: Threads uses Instagram's rules on who may use the service, so you must be at least 13; you sign in with an Instagram or Facebook account. Free: Free with ads (Oct 2026).. Ads: yes. Low priority for kids; if a teen 13+ wants it, keep the private default and set up supervision where available. - [Thymio](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/thymio) by Mobsya (Swiss nonprofit association), designed with EPFL and ECAL. Ages about 6-18 and adults. Age rule: No age rule found; the free software needs no account, and the maker says it collects no usage data from the apps. Paid: Robot sold through local resellers; no price on the maker's site (Oct 2026). Thymio Suite software is free.. Ads: none. A sturdy, privacy-friendly robot for schools and coding clubs; families in the US may find it harder to buy than local brands. - [TickTalk 6](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/ticktalk-6) by TickTalk Tech LLC. Ages about 3-12. Age rule: The website is only for adults 18 or older; parents buy the watch, set up the child profile, and give COPPA consent where required before the child's data is collected. Paid: $169.99 watch; plan required: Essential $9.99 a month (1 GB, 1,000 minutes) or Premium $19.99 a month (unlimited, Radio included); Care+ $4.99 a month optional (USD, Oct 2026).. Ads: none. Suits parents who want calls, texts and location for a young child without a smartphone; skip it if you want a watch without a camera or monthly fees. - [Tiimo](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/tiimo) by Tiimo A/S. Ages about 9+ (App Store rating). Age rule: Not stated in terms. The App Store rates it 9+. Free, with paid extras: Free plan with core planning; Tiimo Pro is an in-app subscription with a 7-day trial, listed on the US App Store at $7 to $54 depending on plan (Oct 2026); no refunds after cancelling.. Ads: none. A good fit for a teen with ADHD who wants to plan their own day; younger kids need a parent to set it up and watch the data settings. - [TikTok](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/tiktok) by TikTok USDS Joint Venture (US); ByteDance elsewhere. Ages 13+ (separate Under 13 Experience in the US). Age rule: Under 13 (under 14 in Florida) may not use TikTok, except the separate US Under 13 Experience. Under 18s should review the terms with a parent, and some features are restricted for them. TikTok bans accounts it finds are underage. Free: Free with ads (Oct 2026); TikTok Coins, gifts and TikTok Shop purchases are optional.. Ads: yes. If a teen 13+ uses it, link Family Pairing and keep the defaults; younger children should not have a regular account. - [Time4Learning](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/time4learning) by Time4Learning (a Cambium Learning Group brand). Ages about 4-18 (PreK to grade 12). Age rule: The terms say a parent or guardian creates the account and pays for each child, and acts as teacher of record. The privacy policy says Time4Learning is certified under the iKeepSafe COPPA Safe Harbor program, and students' data is used only for educational purposes. Paid: $39.95 a month per student for one grade level; 10-25% off for two or more children (Oct 2026). Payments are non-refundable.. Ads: none. A practical option for homeschooling parents who want a ready-made online curriculum; families wanting a teacher-led, accredited program need the separate virtual school. - [TimeGuessr](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/timeguessr) by TimeGuessr Limited. Ages about 10 and up. Age rule: The privacy policy says the game is not for children under 13; by using it you say you are at least 13, or older where local law requires, or have a parent's consent. No separate terms of use were found. Free, with paid extras: Free with ads; ad-free is $3.99 a month or $24.99 a year on the App Store (Oct 2026).. Ads: yes. A fun way for teens and history-curious families to play together; parents of younger kids should turn off multiplayer and preview photos. - [Timekettle translator earbuds](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/timekettle-translator-earbuds) by Shenzhen Timekettle Technologies. Ages teens and adults; no child-specific design. Age rule: The store terms and privacy policy say you must be of the age of majority, or let your minor dependents use the site with your consent. The app agreement says minors should read it with a guardian. No under-13 rules are stated. Paid: LiveTalk $109, W4 $279.20, W4 Plus $379, W4 Pro $359.20 (sale prices); paid care plans and some translation time or offline packs bought in the app (USD, Oct 2026).. Ads: none. Useful for multilingual families or schools bridging a language gap; not a tool for young kids, and not a substitute for learning the language. - [Tinkercad](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/tinkercad) by Autodesk. Ages about 8 and up. Age rule: 13 or older may make their own account. Under 13 only with a parent's or guardian's approval, or through a class set up by a teacher; a child who starts alone gets a restricted account until a parent or teacher approves it. Free: Free (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A strong free pick for kids who like building things, from 3D models to circuits; under-13s need a parent or teacher to approve the account. - [TinkerLab](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/tinkerlab) by Rachelle Doorley (TinkerLab). Ages about 2-8. Age rule: The terms say TinkerLab does not knowingly collect personal information from children under 13, and anyone under 18 may use the site only with a parent's or guardian's permission. Free, with paid extras: Blog posts and guides are free; the Kids Art Studio price is not public (waitlist, Oct 2026); an adult art mail club is $12 a month.. Ads: yes. A good idea source for parents and preschool teachers who want messy, creative art time; families wanting an app a child uses alone should look elsewhere. - [Tinybop](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/tinybop) by Tinybop, Inc.. Ages about 4-10. Age rule: Not stated in terms. Terms say the apps are designed for children, an adult may set up a parent dashboard, and child profiles stay on the device. Paid: One-time purchase per app, for example The Human Body at $3.99 on the US App Store (Oct 2026), with a $0.99 add-on; bundles are sold too.. Ads: none. Great for curious kids who like to tinker and explore science; not for parents who want guided lessons or progress tracking. - [Toca Boca (Toca Boca World)](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/toca-boca) by Toca Boca AB (a Spin Master company). Ages about 6-12. Age rule: Under 18 (or the local age of majority) needs a parent or legal guardian to read and accept the terms for them. Free, with paid extras: Free to download; in-app purchases from $0.99 to $4.99 per pack, such as Hospital $3.99 and Character Creator $4.99 (App Store, Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A creative sandbox for imaginative kids; lock down purchases before handing it over. - [Todo English](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/todo-english) by Enuma. Ages about 5-10. Age rule: Users must be 18+ or have a parent, guardian or authorized school agree to the terms; the apps are built for children under 13 and parents sign up only for their own children. Paid: US App Store: Monthly Plan $24.99 after a 7-day free trial (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A well-built English starter for young non-native speakers; weigh the monthly cost and voice recording. - [Todo Math](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/todo-math) by Enuma, Inc.. Ages about 3-9 (PreK-grade 3). Age rule: Only parents may create a parent account, and adult areas behind the parental gate are for users 18 or older. Enuma says it does not knowingly collect personal information from children under 16 on its websites; for school use, teachers and schools get any needed parent consent. Free, with paid extras: Free to try with some content; US App Store in-app subscriptions $49.99-$99.99 a year or $89.99-$119.99 for two years (USD, Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A solid early-math app for ages 3-8, especially for kids who need accessibility features; skip it if you don't want a yearly subscription. - [Toniebox 2](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/toniebox-2) by tonies. Ages about 1-12. Age rule: Terms say you must be 18 or older to use the services; children under 13 may use them only with consent and supervision from a parent who created the account. Paid: Toniebox 2 starter sets $149.99 to $199.99; Tonies and Tonieplay games sold separately (Oct 2026). Ads: none. A simple, sturdy audio player for toddlers and young kids; plan for the ongoing cost of figures. - [Toontastic 3D](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/toontastic-3d) by Google (WARNING). Ages about 5-12. Age rule: Not stated on any page that still loads; the app's own site and terms are gone. Free: Free (Oct 2026), Android only, unsupported since 2017.. Ads: none. Skip it; for young kids' animation today, Stop Motion Studio or ScratchJr are maintained choices. - [Toporopa](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/toporopa) by EastDock Media (Amsterdam). Ages about 8 and up. Age rule: No terms of use found, and the privacy policy sets no age. Playing needs no account. Free: Free with Google ads (Oct 2026).. Ads: yes. A simple free way for kids to drill European geography before a test; parents may want an ad blocker or the world version for broader practice. - [Toy Theater](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/toy-theater) by Toy Theater. Ages grades K-5. Age rule: Free games need no account. To buy a membership you must be 18 or older; each account has one adult and up to 30 student devices, and no student personal details may be given. Free, with paid extras: Free with ads; ad-free membership $12 a month (Oct 2026). Ads: yes. A dependable free pick for K-5 math and reading practice in class or at home; not an AI tool. - [Toybox 3D Printer](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/toybox-3d-printer) by Toybox Labs. Ages about 6-14. Age rule: Account holders must be 18 or older. A parent or guardian may create an account for, or share their account with, their own child under 18, and is responsible for watching that child's use. Paid: Alpha Four starter bundle $299 on sale (regular $435) on 24 Oct 2026; Toybox Pro (AI tools) from $18 a month; extended warranty $19.99-$79.99; refill filament sold separately. Ads: unknown. Suits families who want an easy first 3D printer for a curious grade-schooler and accept refill and subscription costs; makers who want an open, general-purpose printer should look elsewhere. - [Troomi](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/troomi) by Troomi Wireless. Ages younger kids to teens. Age rule: The account holder must be at least the age of majority in their state; the child is the phone's user. Paid: Do $24.95, Dream $29.95, Discover $34.95 a month, plus $6.94 a month for 36 months for the phone, taxes and fees; no long-term contract on service (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A fit for parents who want a smartphone that opens up slowly with no social media; teens who need a full browser may chafe. - [Turing Tumble](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/turing-tumble) by Upper Story LLC (Minnesota). Ages 8 to adult. Age rule: No account needed; it is a physical game. The maker lists it for ages 8 to adult. Paid: $76.95 (Oct 2026); bundles with expansion sets cost more.. Ads: none. A great screen-free logic game for kids 8+ and families who like puzzles; kids who want to write code or make apps need a different tool. - [Turnitin (with AI writing detection)](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/turnitin) by Turnitin, LLC. Ages about 11-18 and college (secondary and higher education). Age rule: There is no personal sign-up; students use it through a school. For students under 13, or under the local age of consent, Turnitin relies on the school to get verifiable parent consent. Its public websites are not meant for children under 13. Through schools: School and institution licenses only; pricing not public (Oct 2026).. Ads: unknown. Families cannot choose it, but should know how it works: an AI score is a reason for a conversation, and students should keep drafts and version history. - [Turtle Diary](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/turtle-diary) by TurtleDiary LLC. Ages about 3-11 (preschool to grade 5). Age rule: Only people 18 or older, or under-18s with a parent's, teacher's or guardian's permission, may use the site. Free, with paid extras: Free with ads; Family plan $69.99 a year or $7.99 a month (5 kids); Teacher plan $199.99 a year (Oct 2026). No refunds for partial periods.. Ads: yes. A budget-friendly practice site for K-5; many families will find free, ad-free alternatives good enough. - [Twitch](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/twitch) by Twitch Interactive. Ages 13+. Age rule: You must be at least 13, or 16 in Australia, or older if your country requires. From that minimum age until you are a legal adult, you may use Twitch only under the supervision of a parent or guardian who agrees to the terms. Free, with paid extras: Free to watch with ads (Oct 2026); Turbo is $11.99 a month on web for ad-free viewing; channel subscriptions and Bits cost extra.. Ads: yes. For teens 13+ watching streams with Parental Controls linked; not for younger children, and think hard before letting a teen stream. - [Tynker](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/tynker) by Tynker (Neuron Fuel), owned by CodeHS since 2025. Ages about 5-18 (grades K-12). Age rule: Collects personal information from children under 13 only when a parent has signed the child up, or when the school or teacher has agreed to get parental consent. Under-13s should not send personal information without that. Free, with paid extras: Family plans for up to 3 children (Oct 2026): $54 per quarter, $180 per year, or $468 lifetime, shown as 40% off list prices. Some free starter content.. Ads: none. A reasonable paid pick for families who want a guided, game-like path from age 5 to Python; budget-minded families can get much of the same from free Scratch and Code.org. - [Typing.com](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/typing-com) by Typing.com LLC. Ages about 5-18 (K-12). Age rule: The terms make teachers who let under-13 students use it get verifiable parent consent first. The privacy policy says children under 13 may not create their own free student account without consent from a parent, guardian or teacher. Free, with paid extras: Free with ads; PLUS edition is ad-free with a 30-day free trial; price not listed on public pages (Oct 2026).. Ads: yes. A solid free way for classes to learn touch typing; families who want no ads will need PLUS. - [TypingClub](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/typingclub) by EdClub. Ages about 6-18. Age rule: You must be 13 or older to register an account on the Individual Edition. Younger children may use the School Editions when a school official consents on the parent's behalf. Free, with paid extras: Free for individuals and schools; optional paid ad-free school edition and individual premium plan; prices not public on pages we could load (Oct 2026).. Ads: yes. A strong free typing course; schools should consider the ad-free edition and parents should note the ads on individual use. - [TypingGames.Zone](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/typinggames-zone) by TypingGames.Zone. Ages about 6-adult. Age rule: Not stated. The site has no terms of use and no accounts, and the privacy policy has no section on children. A few single games carry their own note, such as "AGE LIMIT 10+". Free: Free; paid for by advertising (Oct 2026). Ads: yes. Fine as an extra, ad-supported practice arcade for kids who already learn typing elsewhere; families who want an ad-free, tracked typing course should skip it. - [uBlock Origin Lite](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/ublock-origin-lite) by Raymond Hill (gorhill). Ages all ages (set up by a parent). Age rule: Not stated. There is no account and no age rule from the developer; only the browser store's own rules apply. Free: Free and open source (GPL-3.0); about 22 million Chrome users (Oct 2026). Ads: none. A sensible free add-on for any family computer to cut ads and trackers; parents who need content filtering or screen-time limits still need a separate parental-control tool. - [UBTECH Alpha Mini](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/ubtech-alpha-mini) by UBTECH Robotics (Shenzhen, China). Ages about 8-14 (maker does not give an age range). Age rule: Not stated for the robot; the website policy says it does not intentionally collect minors' data and minors should visit the site with a parent's consent. The site policy does not cover products, and no product privacy policy was found. Paid: Not listed on the maker's site (Oct 2026); sold through resellers.. Ads: unknown. Only for families comfortable with a camera-and-microphone robot from an overseas maker that publishes little about product data; most families will find better-supported coding robots. - [UBTECH uKit Explore](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/ubtech-ukit-explore) by UBTECH Robotics (Shenzhen, China). Ages about 9-15 (upper primary to junior secondary). Age rule: Not stated for the kit; sold to schools. The website policy says minors should visit with a parent's consent and does not cover products. Through schools: School pricing, not public (contact sales) (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A fit for schools building a robotics and AI program for grades 4-9; families looking for a home kit should pick something sold directly with clear pricing. - [Udemy](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/udemy) by Udemy, Inc. (affiliate of Coursera). Ages 18+; teens about 13-17 only through a parent's account. Age rule: 18+ to create an account. A teen above their country's digital consent age (13 in the US, 16 in Ireland) may not open one, but a parent can open an account and help them use suitable courses. Children below that age may not use Udemy at all, even with a parent. Coaching is 18+ only. Paid: Courses bought one at a time (new-learner deals from $14.99) or the Personal Plan subscription from $13 a month (Oct 2026). Single courses can be refunded within 30 days; subscriptions cannot.. Ads: unknown. Useful for motivated teens learning a specific skill with a parent's account; younger children and kids who need guidance should skip it. - [Unite for Literacy](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/unite-for-literacy) by Unite for Literacy. Ages about 2-7. Age rule: Not stated as an age; the terms say the site is designed for children and needs no account or personal information. Free: Free (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A safe free pick for toddlers, preschoolers and multilingual families; school-age readers will want a bigger library. - [Unitree Go2](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/unitree-go2) by Unitree Robotics (Hangzhou, China) (WARNING). Ages teens and adults with supervision; not designed for children. Age rule: Not stated in the terms pages we could load; no age rule or children's section was found. Paid: From $1,600 for the base Air model; Pro, X and EDU models cost more (USD, Oct 2026).. Ads: unknown. A cautionary pick: amazing tech, but its security and data record make it a poor choice for homes with children unless kept on an isolated network with Bluetooth off. - [Unity and Unity Learn](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/unity-learn) by Unity Technologies. Ages about 13-18. Age rule: You must be at least the age to consent to data processing where you live (13 in the US, 16 in the EU). Anyone under 18 may buy or sell through Unity only with a legal guardian's authorization, and both must agree to the terms. Free, with paid extras: Unity Personal and Unity Learn are free for those with under $200K revenue; Unity Pro $210 a month or from $2,310 a year (unity.com, Oct 2026).. Ads: none. Right for motivated teens heading toward game development careers; younger kids will get further with Scratch, GDevelop or Roblox Studio first. - [Universe Sandbox](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/universe-sandbox) by Giant Army. Ages about 10 and up. Age rule: Sold through Steam, which requires account holders to be at least 13; Steam does not knowingly collect data from under-13s. The game's own site states no age rule. Paid: $29.99 on Steam (Oct 2026); the maker says the price may rise. Education licenses per seat, classroom or site by quote.. Ads: none. A memorable way for older kids and teens to explore gravity and climate; younger children need a parent's Steam account and some guidance. - [Varsity Tutors](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/varsity-tutors) by Nerdy Inc.. Ages about 6-18 and adults (elementary to graduate school). Age rule: Terms say the account holder must be of legal age, an emancipated minor, or have a parent's or guardian's consent. The privacy policy says the site is not directed at children under 13; parents supply a young child's details to set up tutoring. Paid: Prices not published; families are asked to chat or call for tutoring options and pricing (Oct 2026). Free AI tools for teachers at ai.varsitytutors.com.. Ads: none. Useful for families who want live one-on-one help, especially for test prep; get prices and cancellation terms in writing, and decide whether you are comfortable with recorded sessions. - [Vector 2.0](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/vector-robot) by Digital Dream Labs (anki.bot). Ages not stated by the maker. Age rule: Terms say you must be of legal age to form a contract, or have a parent's permission and have the parent agree to the terms for you; the privacy policy says when a child under 13 registers, a parent's email is collected instead. Paid: Vector 2.0 $249.99 new (open-box from $189.99); subscription required for voice commands: ChatGPT $11.99 a month or $99.99 a year, Claude $14.99 a month or $139.99 a year (Oct 2026), first 28 days free. Ads: none. Suits teens and adults who want a desk robot and will pay monthly; younger kids should skip it, since its chat features are general-purpose AI and stop without a subscription. - [VEX IQ](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/vex-iq) by VEX Robotics. Ages grades 5-8 (maker's target). Age rule: No age rule in the site terms; the VEXcode apps need no account. Paid: Education Kit $499.99, Competition Kit $729.99, classroom bundles from $2,739.99; optional PD+ teacher training $999 a year (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A strong pick for schools and clubs teaching robotics to middle schoolers; families wanting a cheap home toy can find simpler kits. - [VIPKid](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/vipkid) by VIPKid (Chengdu Yudi Technology Co., Ltd.). Ages children and teens (the site gives no exact range). Age rule: Under the privacy policy, a child under 14 cannot create a VIPKid account without a guardian's consent, and data from children is processed only with guardian consent. Paid: Prices vary by course package and appear only on the order; not public. Free trial lesson offered (Oct 2026).. Ads: unknown. Mainly for Chinese families wanting structured English lessons; families outside China or wary of recorded video leaving the country should look at other options. - [Vocabulary.com](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/vocabulary-com) by Vocabulary.com, a division of IXL Learning. Ages about 10-18 and adults (middle school, high school, test prep). Age rule: It is sold only to adults. Anyone under 18 may use it only with a parent's or guardian's involvement and consent, or at a school's direction. Children under 13 cannot register directly; they get a limited feature set, and schools must consent for them under COPPA. Free, with paid extras: Free dictionary and basic practice; a learner subscription (price shown at checkout) includes SAT, ACT, TOEFL and GRE programs, each listed at $29.95; school and district plans by quote with a free teacher trial (USD, Oct 2026).. Ads: unknown. A good pick for middle and high schoolers building vocabulary or prepping for tests; younger children are better served through a school account. - [Vooks](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/vooks) by Vooks, Inc.. Ages picture-book age (about pre-K to grade 3); Creator app 4-10+. Age rule: Account holders must be at least 18. Children may use Vooks only through a parent's or school's account, under adult supervision. Paid: $9.99 a month or $69.99 a year after a 7-day free trial (Oct 2026); Vooks Creator is free with in-app purchases.. Ads: none. A calm, ad-free story app for preschoolers and early readers; check your library's free options first. - [VRChat](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/vrchat) by VRChat Inc.. Ages 13+ (better for older teens). Age rule: You must be at least 13. Users 13-17 may use VRChat only with a parent's or guardian's consent after the parent reads the terms, and the parent is responsible for the teen, including money spent. An optional age verification uses a government ID through a third-party partner and may cost a fee that is not refunded if it fails. Free, with paid extras: Free; VRC+ subscription and paid avatars and worlds in the marketplace are optional (Oct 2026). VRC+ price not shown on the public page.. Ads: none. Only for older teens with parent oversight; skip for kids under 13, as the terms require. - [Vroom](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/vroom) by Bezos Family Foundation. Ages birth-5 (for their parents and caregivers). Age rule: The app is for parents and caregivers, not children; the terms set no minimum age. Weekly text tips are sent for each registered child under age 5. Free: Free (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. An easy, free source of everyday play ideas for parents of babies and preschoolers; parents wanting a structured curriculum or a kid-facing app should look elsewhere. - [Wacom One pen display](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/wacom-one-pen-display) by Wacom. Ages about 10-adult. Age rule: The device itself has no age rule. A Wacom Account (needed to claim the bundled software) is for people 18 and older only. The privacy policy says Wacom does not knowingly process data from children under 13 without advance parental consent. Paid: Price not confirmed: Wacom's US store page blocked our fetch (Oct 2026); bundled software is time-limited trials (Clip Studio Paint Pro up to 6 months, Concepts 3 months, Foxit 12 months). Ads: none. A good fit for a child who already draws on the family computer and wants a real pen screen; families without a suitable computer, or kids who only doodle now and then, may be better served by a tablet they already own. - [Waffle](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/waffle-word-game) by Waffle Studio Ltd. Ages about 9-adult. Age rule: Users must be 13 or older, or a parent or guardian must consent to a younger child's use. The notice says it does not knowingly collect data from children under 13 unless an adult or teacher supervises. Free, with paid extras: Daily, Deluxe and Number Waffles free; Waffle Royale and some extras unlock with a one-off donation via Ko-fi (Oct 2026). Ads: yes. A fun daily word challenge for strong readers about 9 and up, best on an ad-blocked family browser; skip it if you want an ad-free game for young kids. - [Wattpad](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/wattpad) by Wattpad Corp.. Ages 13+ (App Store rating 16+). Age rule: Wattpad is only for people 13 and older (14 in Quebec, per the privacy policy); accounts of under-13s are terminated. Mature stories are rated 17+, or 18+ in some places. Free, with paid extras: Free with ads (Oct 2026); Premium from $4.99 a month and Premium+ from $7.49 a month (USD); Coins unlock paid stories.. Ads: yes. Good for older teens who love to read and write; parents of 13 to 15 year olds should look at what they read and who comments. - [Wayground (formerly Quizizz)](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/wayground) by Quizizz Inc., doing business as Wayground. Ages grades K-12. Age rule: Open to all ages. For children under 13 it offers a limited feature set and says it does not need parental consent because it collects no personal information from them beyond device identifiers. Free, with paid extras: Free 'Basic' plan for every teacher; school and district plans by quote (Oct 2026).. Ads: unknown. Good for teachers who want quick checks and review games; parents mostly meet it through school rather than choose it. - [WEBTOON](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/webtoon) by WEBTOON Entertainment. Ages 13+. Age rule: You must be at least 13 (or older where local law requires). If you are 13 to 18, you may use WEBTOON only under the supervision of a parent or guardian who agrees to the terms. Free, with paid extras: Free episodes with ads (Oct 2026); Coins to unlock episodes are sold in the app (prices shown in app).. Ads: yes. Fine for comic-loving teens 13+; parents should switch off Coin Hunter and set a spending limit in the app store. - [WeVideo](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/wevideo) by WeVideo. Ages grades K-12 through school; 13+ for personal accounts. Age rule: Users say they are over 13 or have a parent's consent. School accounts fall under a separate Education agreement, and for US children under 13 the school gives consent in place of the parent. Free, with paid extras: Free plan (5 publish minutes a month, 480p, 1 GB). Personal plans from $9.99 a month or $59.88 a year; Single Teacher $89 a year; 30-seat classroom from about $374-$384 a year; district quotes (USD, Oct 2026). Plans renew automatically and fees are not refunded.. Ads: none. A solid choice for schools with Chromebooks that want managed video projects; a family on Apple devices will get more from free iMovie. - [WhatsApp (parent-managed accounts)](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/whatsapp) by Meta. Ages 13+ on their own; under 13 through a parent-managed account where offered. Age rule: You must be at least 13 (or older where your country requires) to register and use WhatsApp on your own. Below that age, a parent or guardian can create a parent-managed account if it is offered in your country; the parent is responsible for the child's use, and the child can manage the account at 13. Free: Free (Oct 2026).. Ads: yes. A sensible first messaging app once parental controls are available in your country; check the rollout before relying on them. - [Which Face Is Real?](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/which-face-is-real) by Jevin West and Carl Bergstrom, University of Washington (Calling Bullshit project). Ages about 10 and up. Age rule: No terms or age rule posted; no account needed. Free: Free (Oct 2026).. Ads: none. A quick, free AI-literacy warm-up for kids 10 and up, best paired with a talk about how much better fakes have become since 2019. - [Which One Doesn't Belong?](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/which-one-doesnt-belong) by Mary Bourassa and contributors; now hosted by Christopher Danielson (Talking Math with Your Kids). Ages about 4-18 (sets range from preschool shapes to calculus graphs). Age rule: No terms or age rule posted; no account needed to view the sets. Free: Free online sets (Oct 2026); a related picture book and teacher guide are sold separately.. Ads: none. A free, proven classroom routine that also works at home for any age; just bookmark the new Talking Math with Your Kids address, not wodb.ca. - [Wokwi](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/wokwi) by Wokwi B.V. (Netherlands). Ages about 13+. Age rule: Terms: the service is intended and permitted only for people 13 or older; more age limits may apply in your country. Free, with paid extras: Free community plan with public projects (Oct 2026). Hobby €5.60 a month, Hobby+ €8.10 a month, Pro €20 per seat a month (annual billing). Classroom €30 per student per semester, minimum 5 students.. Ads: none. Great for teens learning electronics or prepping before buying parts; younger kids do better with a physical kit and blocks. - [Wolfram|Alpha](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/wolfram-alpha) by Wolfram Research. Ages about 13+ (high school and up). Age rule: Under 18 may use it only with permission from a parent, guardian or teacher. The privacy policy says it is not directed at children under 13. Free, with paid extras: Free basic; Pro for Students $5 a month billed $60 a year ($9.99 monthly), Pro Premium for Students $8.25 a month billed $99 a year ($12 monthly) (Oct 2026). Ads: unknown. Good for teens checking math and science work or exploring data; not designed for elementary-age children. - [Words With Friends](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/words-with-friends) by Zynga (Take-Two Interactive). Ages about 10-adult. Age rule: Take-Two's terms say a minor (under the age of adulthood where they live) must have a parent or guardian review the terms and agree on their behalf; that adult is responsible for the minor's use and purchases. No fixed minimum age is given. Free, with paid extras: Free to play; coins, boosts and other items sold in the app store (Oct 2026). Ads: yes. Works for families who want a shared word game with older kids and will manage chat and spending; younger children or kids who should not meet strangers online are better off with an offline word game. - [Worksheetfun](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/worksheetfun) by Worksheetfun. Ages about 3-10 (preschool to grade 5). Age rule: Not stated. The terms of use allow personal, noncommercial use only, say you must be able to form a binding contract, and let teachers give printed copies to students with the site's copyright line. Free: Free printables (Oct 2026). Ads: none. Handy for parents who want quick free paper practice for preschool and early grades; families looking for a structured program or adaptive practice will need something else. - [WorksheetWorks](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/worksheetworks) by WorksheetWorks.com. Ages about 5-14. Age rule: The site is for users at least 13. Minors (generally under 18) need a parent or guardian's permission and direct supervision, and the parent must read and agree to the terms. Free, with paid extras: Most worksheets free for educational use; premium membership $14.95 a year, cancel within 30 days for a full refund (Oct 2026). Ads: none. A strong pick for parents and teachers who want custom printable practice without ads; it is a tool for adults, not something a young child uses alone. - [Worldle](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/worldle) by Teuteuf Games. Ages about 8 and up. Age rule: Not stated in Teuteuf's terms or privacy policy. App Store rating 4+. Free, with paid extras: Daily game free with ads; a paid Passport or Premium membership removes ads and opens the archive (price shown only after sign-in, Oct 2026). Teuteuf Edu classroom versions are free for verified teachers.. Ads: yes. A great daily geography game; teachers should use the ad-free Teuteuf Edu version in class. - [Xbox (Family Settings)](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/xbox-family-settings) by Microsoft. Ages any age (child accounts). Age rule: The Microsoft Services Agreement requires users to be adults or have a parent or guardian agree for them; the parent is responsible for the child's use and purchases. Under 13 (or older where local law says) needs a parent's consent to create a Microsoft account, and only a parent in the family group can change a child's Xbox privacy and online settings. Free, with paid extras: Family Settings app and family group are free. Game Pass for console $9.99 (Essential), $14.99 (Premium) or $22.99 (Ultimate) a month as shown on xbox.com (Oct 2026); online multiplayer needs a paid tier.. Ads: none. Any family with an Xbox or Windows gaming PC should set up the family group and app; it does nothing for other consoles. - [Xplora kids smartwatches](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/xplora-kids-smartwatches) by Xplora Technologies (Norway). Ages about 4-10. Age rule: Buyers must be at least 18; giving the watch to a child means you confirm you are the parent or guardian. Xplora says it does not knowingly collect children's data without parent permission and follows COPPA in the US. Paid: XGO3 $129.99, X6PLAY $169.99; Xplora Connect plan required: $12 a month or $120 a year plus tax, unlimited talk, text and data (USD, Oct 2026).. Ads: none. Suits parents of young kids who want calls and location without a smartphone and like EU-style data limits; skip it if you want no camera or no monthly fee. - [Xplora X6Play](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/xplora-x6play) by Xplora Technologies. Ages 7-11 (XGO3 for 4-7). Age rule: Bought by an adult: you must be 18 or of legal age to order, and by giving the watch to a child you confirm you are their parent or guardian or authorized by them. Xplora says it does not collect children's data without parent permission. Paid: $169.99 for the watch plus the required Xplora Connect plan at $12 a month or $120 a year (US, Oct 2026).. Ads: none. Fits parents who want a reachable, trackable child without a smartphone; skip it if the subscription or always-on location bothers you. - [XPPen Deco Fun](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/xppen-deco-fun) by XPPen. Ages about 8+ (XS size sold for kids). Age rule: Not stated in terms; XPPen's privacy policy says its site is not designed for children under 16 and under-16s should use it only with a parent or guardian. Paid: Deco Fun XS $23.99 on sale ($29.99 list) (XPPen US store, Oct 2026); larger sizes cost more. Ads: none. A sensible first digital-art tool for kids who already use a computer; young kids may prefer drawing directly on a tablet screen. - [Yoti age checks and Digital ID app](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/yoti-age-checks) by Yoti Ltd. Ages anyone asked to prove age; app accounts 13+ or the local consent age. Age rule: The Digital ID app requires the digital age of consent where you live (13 in the UK, 14 in Spain and Italy, 15 in France, 16 in Germany and the Netherlands; 13 where no law sets it). Age checks inside other apps follow those apps' rules. Free: No charge is shown to people doing a check or using the app; businesses pay Yoti, and business pricing is not public (Oct 2026).. Ads: unknown. Among the less invasive ways to pass an age check; parents should prefer the selfie estimate over uploading ID and think twice before setting up the Digital ID app for a teen. - [Yoto Player](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/yoto-player) by Yoto. Ages toddlers to about 10+ (cards sorted 0-2 up to 9+). Age rule: Store terms say you must be the age of majority, or an adult letting a minor dependent use the site; the audio recording notice covers parents letting children under 13 record. Paid: Yoto Player 4th Gen $149.99, Yoto Mini 4th Gen $109.99; cards sold separately; optional Yoto Club from $4.99 a month (Oct 2026). Ads: none. A simple, low-risk audio player for young children; budget for cards or a Club plan over time. - [Youdao Dictionary](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/youdao-dictionary) by NetEase Youdao. Ages older kids, teens and adults; App Store rating 9+. Age rule: Under 18s should read the terms with a guardian and use the service with their consent. Children under 14 need a guardian to read and accept separate children's information rules before using it (those rules apply in mainland China). Free, with paid extras: Free with ads; VIP (no ads, offline dictionaries) $3.99 a month auto-renewing or $24.99 a year, Super VIP from $5.49 a month on the US App Store. Dictionary Pens $89.99 (A7S) to $199.99 (X7 Pro) on the NetEase Store (USD, Oct 2026).. Ads: yes. Useful for Chinese-speaking families whose kids study English, with an adult turning off personalized ads; families without Chinese should look elsewhere. - [Yousician](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/yousician) by Yousician Ltd. Ages about 13 and up. Age rule: Terms say users must be of legal age, or a parent must agree for a minor and is responsible for their use and purchases. The privacy notice says Yousician does not knowingly allow children under 13 to use the service. Free, with paid extras: Free tier with limits; Premium+ $29.99 a month or $159.99-$179.99 a year, One Instrument $19.99 a month or $119.99 a year on the US App Store (Oct 2026); Family plan for four accounts.. Ads: yes. A fit for teens learning guitar or another instrument on their own; younger kids are outside its own privacy rules. - [YouTube (main app, teen accounts)](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/youtube) by Google. Ages 13+ on their own; younger only through supervised accounts or YouTube Kids. Age rule: To sign in on their own, a teen needs a Google Account that meets their country's minimum age (13 in the US and most countries, 14 to 16 in parts of Europe and Asia). Younger children can use YouTube only through a parent-managed (Family Link) account, supervised experience or YouTube Kids. Age-restricted videos need 18+. Free, with paid extras: Free with ads (Oct 2026); YouTube Premium removes ads for a monthly fee (price not checked; YouTube's own pages did not load during research).. Ads: yes. Fine for teens with supervision and the default protections; children under 13 should be on YouTube Kids or a supervised account instead. - [YouTube Kids (and supervised YouTube)](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/youtube-kids) by Google. Ages preschool through tweens. Age rule: YouTube's terms say you must be 13 to use YouTube, but children of any age may use YouTube Kids (and supervised YouTube) if a parent or legal guardian enables it. Free: Free with ads (Oct 2026).. Ads: yes. Safer than main YouTube for young kids, best in approved-content-only mode; not a babysitter. - [Yummly](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/yummly) by Whirlpool Corporation (WARNING). Ages was a general-audience app for adults. Age rule: Service closed in December 2024; its old terms are no longer online. Free: Shut down in December 2024. Nothing to buy.. Ads: none. Skip it; it no longer exists. Families who relied on it need a different recipe app. - [Zearn Math](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/zearn) by Zearn (nonprofit). Ages grades K-8. Age rule: Accounts are created by an adult: a parent, guardian, or authorized school or district employee. Children under 13 may not register on their own. Through schools: Free for a single teacher classroom of up to 35 students (Oct 2026). School accounts are $3,500 per school per year, as listed by Evidence for ESSA.. Ads: none. A solid pick for schools wanting evidence-backed math practice; parents looking for a home-only program will find it less suited. - [Zebra AI Learning (Banma AI Xue)](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/zebra-ai-learning) by Zebra Children's Science and Education Group (Yuanfudao; Beijing Yuanli Technology). Ages about 3-12. Age rule: Children under 14 must read the children's privacy policy with a guardian and need the guardian's consent before use; registration uses a phone number. Paid: Free app download; courses are sold in the app and prices are not listed on the website (Oct 2026).. Ads: unknown. For Chinese-speaking families wanting a structured daily app for young kids; others, or parents uneasy about voice recording and public posting, should skip it. - [Zigazoo](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/zigazoo) by Zigazoo. Ages kids and teens (App Store rating 9+). Age rule: The terms set no minimum age. Anyone not old enough to sign a contract (often 18) needs a parent or guardian to accept the terms, and children under 13 need verified parental consent under COPPA. Free, with paid extras: Free (Oct 2026); an optional Premium subscription is sold in the app (price not shown on its website).. Ads: yes. A safer practice ground than TikTok for kids who badly want to post videos; parents should still watch for the brand and creator push. - [Zooniverse](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/zooniverse) by Zooniverse (Adler Planetarium, University of Oxford and partners). Ages about 8 and up. Age rule: No minimum age. Parents must explain the user agreement to children under 16 when signing them up and must supervise any use of the message boards. Free: Free (Oct 2026); run by universities and museums.. Ads: none. A meaningful way for kids to do real science; parents should pick projects together and supervise any use of the Talk boards. - [ZType](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/ztype) by PhobosLab (Dominic Szablewski). Ages about 8+. Age rule: Not stated; the site has no terms. The App Store rates the app 4+. Free: Free on the web with ads; free iOS app with a $0.99 purchase to remove ads (Oct 2026).. Ads: yes. A fun reward for kids who already type a little; pair it with a real tutor and an ad blocker or the paid app. - [Zuoyebang (homework help app)](https://peabody.kids/resources/software/zuoyebang) by Zuoyebang (Guangzhou Polar Future Culture Technology Co., Ltd.). Ages primary to high school (about 6-18). Age rule: Children's privacy policy: a child must have a guardian's consent; the app treats users as children based on the grade they enter. Photo-search answers only work in parent/teacher mode after real-name verification with name and national ID number. Free, with paid extras: Free app with in-app purchases, including a VIP membership for more video answers, Q&A and paper downloads; prices not listed on the website (Oct 2026).. Ads: unknown. For Chinese-speaking parents who want help checking homework; children working alone can use it to copy answers, so it needs supervision. ## Who's who People, companies, nonprofits, funders and grants (web: https://peabody.kids/resources/who). Public, professional facts only. ### People Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/who/people #### Learning science and memory - [Barbara Oakley](https://barbaraoakley.com/) (Professor of Engineering, Oakland University). Engineering professor who co-created Learning How to Learn with neuroscientist Terrence Sejnowski. It is one of the most-enrolled online courses in the world. Her books, including A Mind for Numbers and Learning How to Learn for kids and teens, explain focused versus diffuse thinking, chunking and practice in plain language. Known for: Learning How to Learn (Coursera MOOC), A Mind for Numbers (2014), Learning How to Learn (2018, for young readers). - [Carl Wieman](https://profiles.stanford.edu/carl-wieman) (Professor of Physics and of the Graduate School of Education, Stanford University). Nobel Prize-winning physicist who turned to science education research. His work, including a large study of active learning in university physics, made the case that interactive teaching beats lecture. His book Improving How Universities Teach Science describes how to change teaching departments one course at a time. Known for: Nobel Prize in Physics (2001), PhET Interactive Simulations, Improving How Universities Teach Science (2017). - [Daniel L. Schwartz](https://ed.stanford.edu/faculty/danls) (Dean, Stanford Graduate School of Education). Learning scientist and dean of Stanford's education school. He is known for "preparation for future learning," the finding that letting students explore a problem before a lesson can deepen what they get from the explanation. He co-wrote The ABCs of How We Learn, a guide to 26 research-based learning methods. Known for: The ABCs of How We Learn (2016), Preparation for future learning, Teachable agents. - [Daniel T. Willingham](https://www.danielwillingham.com/) (Professor of Psychology, University of Virginia). Cognitive psychologist who writes for teachers and parents about what memory and attention research means for school. His book Why Don't Students Like School? argues that background knowledge and practice drive thinking skills. He has written widely against the "learning styles" idea and about reading comprehension, including in The Reading Mind. Known for: Why Don't Students Like School? (2009), The Reading Mind (2017), Critiques of learning styles. - [Doug Rohrer](https://www.usf.edu/arts-sciences/departments/psychology/people/faculty/doug-rohrer.aspx) (Professor of Psychology, University of South Florida). Psychologist whose classroom studies show that interleaved math practice, which mixes different kinds of problems in one assignment, beats the usual blocked practice on delayed tests. His work is a key source for mixed review in math homework and adaptive practice design. He co-wrote the 2008 learning-styles review. Known for: Interleaved mathematics practice, Spacing effects in math, Learning styles review (2008, co-author). - [Elizabeth Ligon Bjork](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_L._Bjork) (Professor of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles). Cognitive psychologist who studies how remembering and forgetting work and how to apply that to classrooms. Her research covers retrieval-induced forgetting, the benefits of interleaving and spacing, and how well-built multiple-choice quizzes can strengthen learning rather than just measure it. She co-directs the Bjork Learning and Forgetting Lab at UCLA with Robert Bjork. Known for: Retrieval-induced forgetting, Multiple-choice tests as learning events, Desirable difficulties. - [Hal Pashler](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hal_Pashler) (Distinguished Professor of Psychology, University of California, San Diego). Experimental psychologist known for research on attention limits and on the spacing of practice. He was lead author of the 2008 review that found little evidence that matching teaching to "learning styles" helps, and he has helped push psychology toward stricter replication. Known for: Learning Styles: Concepts and Evidence (2008), Optimal spacing of study, Attention and dual-task limits. - [Henry L. Roediger III](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_L._Roediger_III) (Professor of Psychology, Washington University in St. Louis). Memory researcher whose lab helped turn the "testing effect" into practical classroom advice: pulling information out of memory through quizzes strengthens it more than rereading. He is also known for the Deese-Roediger-McDermott method for studying false memories, and co-wrote the popular book Make It Stick with Mark McDaniel and Peter C. Brown. Known for: Testing effect, Make It Stick (2014, co-author), Deese-Roediger-McDermott false memory paradigm. - [Howard Gardner](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_Gardner) (Hobbs Research Professor of Cognition and Education, Harvard Graduate School of Education). Developmental psychologist known for the theory of multiple intelligences, introduced in Frames of Mind (1983). The theory is popular with teachers. Cognitive scientists have criticized it for weak evidence, and they warn against confusing it with "learning styles," a link Gardner himself rejects. He long co-directed Harvard's Project Zero and co-founded The Good Project. Known for: Theory of multiple intelligences, Frames of Mind (1983), The Good Project. - [Jeffrey D. Karpicke](https://learninglab.psych.purdue.edu/) (Professor of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University). Cognitive psychologist known for experiments showing that practicing retrieval produces more long-term learning than rereading or concept mapping, including a widely cited 2011 study in Science. His Cognition and Learning Lab studies retrieval-based learning and how students choose study strategies. Known for: Retrieval-based learning, Roediger and Karpicke (2006) testing-effect study, Karpicke and Blunt (2011) in Science. - [John Dunlosky](https://www.kent.edu/psychology/profile/john-dunlosky) (Professor Emeritus of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University). Metacognition researcher best known as lead author of a 2013 review that rated ten common study techniques. Practice testing and spaced practice came out on top, while highlighting and rereading rated low. The review is one of the most cited guides to how students should study, and his work also covers how learners judge their own learning. Known for: Improving Students' Learning With Effective Learning Techniques (2013), Metacognition research, Successive relearning (with Katherine Rawson). - [John Sweller](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Sweller) (Professor Emeritus of Education, University of New South Wales). Educational psychologist who formulated cognitive load theory. The theory holds that working memory is very limited, so novices learn best from clear, guided instruction such as worked examples rather than open-ended problem solving. The theory shapes instructional design and the case for explicit teaching, and is debated by advocates of discovery and inquiry learning. Known for: Cognitive load theory, Worked-example effect, Why Minimal Guidance During Instruction Does Not Work (2006, co-author). - [Katherine Rawson](https://www.kent.edu/psychology/profile/katherine-rawson) (Professor Emeritus of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University). Cognitive psychologist who studies how to make study time count. With John Dunlosky she developed and tested "successive relearning," which means retrieving material until it is correct and then coming back to it across several sessions. She co-wrote the 2013 review of learning techniques, and her work also covers reading comprehension and metacognition. Known for: Successive relearning, Learning techniques review (2013, co-author). - [Lisa Fazio](https://www.vanderbilt.edu/psychological_sciences/bio/lisa-fazio) (Associate Professor of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University). Cognitive psychologist who studies how people learn both true and false information, including how repetition makes claims feel true. Her work on misinformation and on helping children and adults correct mistaken beliefs is relevant to teaching media literacy in an age of AI-generated content. Known for: Illusory truth effect research, Misinformation and learning, Correcting misconceptions. - [Mark A. McDaniel](https://psych.washu.edu/people/mark-mcdaniel) (Professor Emeritus of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis). Memory researcher who has tested retrieval practice in real middle school and college classes, and who studies prospective memory, which is remembering to do things later. He co-wrote Make It Stick with Henry Roediger and Peter C. Brown, and co-wrote the 2008 review that questioned teaching to learning styles. Known for: Make It Stick (2014, co-author), Classroom retrieval-practice studies, Prospective memory. - [Mary Helen Immordino-Yang](https://candle.usc.edu/) (Professor of Education, Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Southern California). Affective neuroscientist who studies how emotion, social feeling and meaning-making shape learning, especially in adolescents. She directs USC's Center for Affective Neuroscience, Development, Learning and Education (CANDLE) and wrote Emotions, Learning, and the Brain. Her research is often cited in arguments that feelings and purpose are part of thinking, not a distraction from it. Known for: Emotions, Learning, and the Brain (2016), USC CANDLE, Adolescent development and learning. - [Megan Sumeracki](https://www.learningscientists.org/about) (Cognitive psychologist; co-founder of The Learning Scientists). Cognitive psychologist who co-founded The Learning Scientists, a project that turns research on six study strategies into free posters, blog posts and podcasts. The six are spaced practice, retrieval practice, elaboration, interleaving, concrete examples and dual coding. She co-wrote Understanding How We Learn: A Visual Guide. Known for: The Learning Scientists, Six strategies for effective learning, Understanding How We Learn (2019, co-author). - [Michelene Chi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelene_Chi) (Regents Professor, Arizona State University). Cognitive and learning scientist known for research on expertise, the self-explanation effect and the ICAP framework. ICAP ranks learning activities from passive to active, constructive and interactive. It is widely used to judge whether a lesson or app gets students to think, not just watch. Known for: ICAP framework, Self-explanation effect, Expert-novice differences. - [Paul A. Kirschner](https://www.kirschnered.nl/) (Emeritus Professor of Educational Psychology, Open Universiteit (Netherlands)). Educational psychologist who co-wrote, with John Sweller and Richard Clark, the 2006 paper arguing that minimally guided instruction is less effective for novices. He has written against "digital native" and learning-styles claims, and co-wrote books for teachers such as How Learning Happens. Known for: Why Minimal Guidance During Instruction Does Not Work (2006), How Learning Happens (with Carl Hendrick), Critiques of the digital native idea. - [Pooja K. Agarwal](https://www.poojaagarwal.com/) (Cognitive scientist and author; founder of RetrievalPractice.org). Cognitive scientist who works to bring retrieval practice and other learning-science findings to teachers. She ran classroom studies of quizzing in middle and high schools, co-wrote Powerful Teaching with teacher Patrice Bain, and maintains RetrievalPractice.org, a free library of guides for educators. Known for: Powerful Teaching (2019, with Patrice Bain), RetrievalPractice.org, Classroom studies of retrieval practice. - [Richard E. Mayer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_E._Mayer) (Distinguished Professor of Psychology, University of California, Santa Barbara). Educational psychologist behind the cognitive theory of multimedia learning. He has run decades of experiments on how words and pictures together help or hurt understanding, which led to design principles such as cutting extra material and pairing narration with visuals. He has also studied what educational games really teach, in Computer Games for Learning. Known for: Multimedia Learning, Cognitive theory of multimedia learning, Computer Games for Learning (2014). - [Robert Bjork](https://bjorklab.psych.ucla.edu/) (Distinguished Professor of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles). Cognitive psychologist who coined the term "desirable difficulties": the finding that practice which feels harder, such as spacing, mixing topics and testing yourself, often produces better long-term learning than smooth, easy review. With Elizabeth Bjork he runs UCLA's Learning and Forgetting Lab, and he co-wrote a widely cited 2008 review that found little evidence for teaching to "learning styles." Known for: Desirable difficulties, New theory of disuse (with Elizabeth Bjork), Learning Styles: Concepts and Evidence (2008, co-author). - [Shana Carpenter](https://liberalarts.oregonstate.edu/directory/shana-carpenter) (Professor of Psychological Science, Oregon State University). Cognitive psychologist who studies spacing, retrieval practice and metacognition in classrooms. Her work looks at why students often misjudge which study methods work, and at how instructors can build spaced review and low-stakes quizzing into courses. Her findings support building cumulative review into lessons and homework rather than one-time units. Known for: Spacing effect research, Retrieval practice in classrooms, Student metacognition. #### AI tutoring researchers - [Amy Ogan](https://hcii.cmu.edu/people/amy-ogan) (Professor of Learning Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University). Amy Ogan is an educational technologist who studies how to make learning technology more engaging and effective across cultures, including intelligent tutors and social, rapport-building agents. She has done classroom research in Latin America and Africa and directs Carnegie Mellon's Learning Sciences for Innovators program. Known for: Cross-cultural educational technology, Rapport-building tutoring agents. - [Ashok Goel](https://dilab.gatech.edu/2012/07/03/ashok-k-goel/) (Professor of Computer Science, Georgia Tech; Executive Director, AI-ALOE). Ashok Goel created Jill Watson, a virtual teaching assistant first deployed in his online Georgia Tech course in 2016 that answered student questions on discussion forums. He is executive director of the NSF National AI Institute for Adult Learning and Online Education (AI-ALOE), which studies AI assistants for adult learners. Known for: Jill Watson, AI-ALOE. - [Carolyn Rosé](https://cp3a.github.io/) (Kavcic-Moura Professor of Language Technologies and HCI, Carnegie Mellon University). Carolyn Rosé studies conversation and builds dialogue agents that support collaborative learning, such as agents that prompt students to explain reasoning to each other in group work and online courses. She is a past president of the International Society of the Learning Sciences and a leader in using language technology to study and support discussion. Known for: Conversational agents for collaborative learning, Discussion analytics. - [Chris Dede](https://www.gse.harvard.edu/directory/faculty/christopher-dede) (Senior Research Fellow, Harvard Graduate School of Education). Chris Dede has studied emerging learning technologies for decades, from immersive virtual worlds for science learning to artificial intelligence. He leads Harvard's part of the NSF AI Institute for Adult Learning and Online Education and has written about "intelligence augmentation," in which AI handles routine work so people can focus on judgment. Known for: AI-ALOE, Immersive learning, Intelligence augmentation. - [Chris Piech](https://stanford.edu/~cpiech/bio/index.html) (Associate Professor of Computer Science (Teaching), Stanford University). Chris Piech teaches and researches computer science education at Stanford, using AI to give feedback on student code and to model how students learn to program. He co-founded Code in Place, a free volunteer-taught online intro programming course that has reached many thousands of learners worldwide, and co-authored early work on deep knowledge tracing. Known for: Code in Place, Deep knowledge tracing, AI feedback on code. - [Dora Demszky](https://www.dorademszky.com/) (Assistant Professor of Education Data Science, Stanford Graduate School of Education). Dora Demszky leads Stanford's EduNLP Lab, which uses natural language processing to study and improve classroom talk. Her M-Powering Teachers tool gives instructors automated feedback on their discourse, such as how often they build on student ideas, and randomized trials found it changed teaching practice. She also studies how large language models can support tutors and teachers. Known for: EduNLP Lab, M-Powering Teachers, Automated feedback on teacher talk. - [Emma Brunskill](https://profiles.stanford.edu/emma-brunskill) (Associate Professor of Computer Science, Stanford University). Emma Brunskill combines reinforcement learning and human-computer interaction to study AI systems that make decisions about people, including educational software that adapts what to teach next. Her work focuses on learning good teaching policies safely from limited data, where mistakes carry real costs for students. She holds a courtesy appointment in Stanford's education school. Known for: Reinforcement learning for education, Offline policy evaluation. - [Greg Kestin](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-025-97652-6) (Physics lecturer, Harvard University). Greg Kestin is lead author of a 2025 randomized trial in Scientific Reports, "AI tutoring outperforms in-class active learning," in which Harvard physics students learned more, in less time, from an AI tutor designed around research-based teaching practices than from an active-learning class session. The study is often cited alongside others with more mixed findings. Known for: AI tutoring RCT in physics. - [James Lester](https://csc.ncsu.edu/people/lester/) (Professor of Computer Science, North Carolina State University; Director, NSF AI Institute for Engaged Learning). James Lester directs the NSF AI Institute for Engaged Learning and NC State's Center for Educational Informatics. His group builds narrative-centered learning environments, such as the Crystal Island science mystery game, along with collaborative dialogue systems and AI-driven assessment, with the aim of making learning more engaging. Known for: NSF AI Institute for Engaged Learning, Crystal Island, Narrative-centered learning. - [John Stamper](https://hcii.cmu.edu/people/john-stamper) (Associate Professor and MSLE Program Director, Carnegie Mellon University). John Stamper directs Carnegie Mellon's Master of Educational Technology and Applied Learning Science program and studies educational data mining and human-centered AI for learning. He was long the technical director of DataShop, a public repository of student interaction data from tutoring systems that many learning scientists use. Known for: DataShop, Educational data mining. - [Joseph Jay Williams](https://www.josephjaywilliams.com/) (Director, Intelligent Adaptive Interventions Lab (University of Toronto and Rutgers appointments)). Joseph Jay Williams runs experiments inside real courses and apps that adapt as data comes in, using machine learning to decide which version of an explanation or message helps learners most. His lab combines human-computer interaction, psychology and statistics, and builds tools that let instructors run these adaptive experiments themselves. Known for: Adaptive experimentation, Intelligent Adaptive Interventions Lab. - [Ken Holstein](https://hcii.cmu.edu/people/ken-holstein) (Assistant Professor, Human-Computer Interaction Institute, Carnegie Mellon University). Ken Holstein studies how AI systems and people can work together, with roots in classrooms that use intelligent tutors. His Lumilo project gave teachers mixed-reality glasses showing real-time signals about which students needed help, and his research looks at how teachers and AI can complement each other rather than one replacing the other. Known for: Lumilo, Human-AI complementarity. - [Kenneth Koedinger](https://hcii.cmu.edu/people/ken-koedinger) (Hillman University Professor of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University). Ken Koedinger is a cognitive scientist whose Cognitive Tutor research became the basis for Carnegie Learning's math software, one of the most studied intelligent tutoring systems. He helped build the learning-science data infrastructure DataShop and LearnSphere and co-developed the Knowledge-Learning-Instruction framework, and he advocates for learning engineering that uses data to improve courses. Known for: Cognitive Tutor, LearnSphere and DataShop, Knowledge-Learning-Instruction framework. - [Martín E. De Simone](https://blogs.worldbank.org/en/education/From-chalkboards-to-chatbots-Transforming-learning-in-Nigeria) (Researcher on the World Bank's education team (as of 2025)). Martín De Simone led a World Bank team evaluating an after-school program in Edo State, Nigeria, where secondary students used a generative AI chatbot, with teacher guidance, to practice English. The team's 2025 write-up, "From chalkboards to chatbots," reported sizable learning gains over six weeks, an early piece of evidence from a low-income setting. Known for: Nigeria AI tutoring pilot, From chalkboards to chatbots. - [Rose E. Wang](https://rosewang2008.github.io/) (Leads the Model Experience team in post-training, OpenAI). Rose Wang leads a post-training team at OpenAI. During her Stanford PhD she built Tutor CoPilot, an AI tool that suggested moves to human tutors in real time and was tested in a large randomized trial, and Bridge, a method for helping AI respond to students' math mistakes. Both were cited in the 2025 Economic Report of the President. Known for: Tutor CoPilot, Bridge (remediating math mistakes). - [Susanna Loeb](https://ed.stanford.edu/faculty/sloeb) (Kissick Family Professor, Stanford Graduate School of Education; founder, National Student Support Accelerator). Susanna Loeb is an education economist who founded the National Student Support Accelerator to expand access to high-impact tutoring, and leads Stanford's SCALE Initiative. Her group runs studies of tutoring programs, including tests of AI tools that support human tutors, and she previously directed the Annenberg Institute at Brown University. Known for: National Student Support Accelerator, High-impact tutoring research, SCALE Initiative. - [Tamara Sumner](https://www.colorado.edu/ics/tamara-sumner) (Director, Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado Boulder). Tamara Sumner is a professor of computer and cognitive science who leads a lab studying how tools that combine cognitive science, machine intelligence and interactive media can improve STEM teaching and student engagement. She has partnered with school districts on curriculum and teacher-support tools. Known for: Teacher-facing AI tools, STEM curriculum technology. - [Vincent Aleven](https://hcii.cmu.edu/people/vincent-aleven) (Professor, Human-Computer Interaction Institute, Carnegie Mellon University). Vincent Aleven co-founded Carnegie Learning in 1998 and the free Mathtutor site for middle school math. His research covers how intelligent tutoring systems can support self-explanation and help-seeking, and he led development of the Cognitive Tutor Authoring Tools (CTAT), which let researchers and teachers build tutors without heavy programming. Known for: Carnegie Learning, CTAT, Mathtutor. #### Intelligent tutoring and adaptive learning - [Albert T. Corbett](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_T._Corbett) (Associate Research Professor Emeritus of Human-Computer Interaction, Carnegie Mellon University). Researcher who, with John Anderson, introduced Bayesian knowledge tracing in 1995. It is a simple statistical model of whether a student has mastered each skill, and many adaptive learning systems still use it or its variants to decide when a student is ready to move on. Known for: Bayesian knowledge tracing (1995, with John Anderson), Cognitive Tutor research. - [Arthur C. Graesser](https://www.memphis.edu/psychology/people/faculty/graesser.php) (Professor of Psychology and Intelligent Systems, University of Memphis). Psychologist who led AutoTutor, a tutor that holds natural-language conversations with students to build deeper explanations. His work on question asking, discourse and conversational agents in learning is a direct ancestor of today's chat-based AI tutors. He has also led work on assessing collaborative problem solving, including for the OECD's PISA tests. Known for: AutoTutor, Coh-Metrix (co-developer), Research on question asking and deep learning. - [Benjamin Bloom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Bloom) (Educational psychologist, University of Chicago (1913-1999)). Educational psychologist behind Bloom's taxonomy of learning goals and the mastery learning movement. His 1984 "2 Sigma Problem" paper reported that one-to-one tutoring with mastery learning raised students about two standard deviations, and it set the goal many AI tutoring projects still cite. Later research suggests typical tutoring effects are smaller. Known for: Bloom's taxonomy, Mastery learning, The 2 Sigma Problem (1984). - [Beverly Park Woolf](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beverly_Park_Woolf) (Professor Emerita, Manning College of Information and Computer Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst). Computer scientist in AI for education who wrote Building Intelligent Interactive Tutors, a standard textbook in the field. Her lab's MathSpring tutor adapted to students' emotions and effort as well as their answers. Her research also looked at how tutors can respond to frustration and boredom, an issue for any adaptive app children use on their own. Known for: Building Intelligent Interactive Tutors (2009), MathSpring (Wayang Outpost), Affect-aware tutoring. - [Bruce M. McLaren](https://hcii.cmu.edu/people/bruce-mclaren) (Professor, Human-Computer Interaction Institute, Carnegie Mellon University). Learning scientist who studies educational games and tutoring. His team built Decimal Point, a math game that in controlled studies taught decimals better than a matched non-game version, and he studies erroneous examples, which ask students to find and fix mistakes. Known for: Decimal Point game, Erroneous examples, Collaborative learning tools. - [Danielle S. McNamara](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danielle_S._McNamara) (Professor of Psychology, Arizona State University). Learning scientist who studies reading comprehension and writing and builds game-based tutors for them. She developed iSTART, which coaches readers to explain texts to themselves, and co-developed Coh-Metrix and other tools for automatically measuring text and writing. Her work belongs to a long line of research on using AI to coach reading and writing strategies, now revived by large language models. Known for: iSTART reading strategy tutor, Writing Pal, Coh-Metrix (co-developer). - [Ido Roll](https://edu.technion.ac.il/en/member/ido-roll/) (Professor of Education in Science and Technology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology). Learning scientist who studies how students become better learners through inquiry, help-seeking and productive failure. He built tutors that coached help-seeking and studied interactive simulations. His current work covers AI in education and learning at scale. His work stresses that good learning tools should help students become better independent learners, not only get answers right. Known for: Help Tutor, Invention activities and productive failure, Learning@Scale research. - [Jack Mostow](https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~mostow/) (Emeritus Research Professor, Carnegie Mellon University). Computer scientist who led Project LISTEN, a reading tutor that used speech recognition to listen to children read aloud and help when they got stuck. He later led CMU's RoboTutor team in the Global Learning XPRIZE, which built tablet software for children in Tanzania to learn reading and math on their own. Known for: Project LISTEN Reading Tutor, RoboTutor (Global Learning XPRIZE). - [James C. Lester](https://csc.ncsu.edu/people/lester/) (Goodnight Distinguished University Professor in AI and Machine Learning, North Carolina State University). Computer scientist who builds narrative-centered learning environments, such as the Crystal Island science mystery game. He directs the NSF National AI Institute for Engaged Learning, which studies AI-driven story-based learning. His team's games test how stories, characters and AI-driven guidance can keep students working through science problems, and Crystal Island has been used in many middle school studies. Known for: Crystal Island, NSF AI Institute for Engaged Learning, Narrative-centered learning. - [John R. Anderson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Robert_Anderson_(psychologist)) (Professor of Psychology and Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University). Cognitive psychologist who created the ACT-R theory of how the mind learns skills. He used it to build early cognitive tutors for algebra, geometry and programming, and the approach later became the basis of Carnegie Learning's tutors. His model-tracing approach, which follows each step a student takes and gives targeted feedback, remains a core idea in intelligent tutoring. Known for: ACT-R cognitive architecture, Early cognitive tutors, Model tracing. - Kurt VanLehn (Computer science professor, Arizona State University). Cognitive scientist whose 2011 review compared human tutoring, intelligent tutoring systems and no tutoring. It found that step-based computer tutors came close to human tutors and that the famous "two sigma" effect was larger than most studies support. He also helped build the Andes physics tutor. Known for: The Relative Effectiveness of Human Tutoring, Intelligent Tutoring Systems, and Other Tutoring Systems (2011), Andes physics tutor, Step-based tutoring. - [Neil Heffernan](https://www.wpi.edu/people/faculty/nth) (William B. Smith Professor of Computer Science, Worcester Polytechnic Institute). Computer scientist who co-created ASSISTments, a free platform where students do math homework with instant feedback and teachers see results. A large randomized trial in Maine found gains in seventh-grade math. ASSISTments also runs as an open testbed where researchers can run experiments inside real homework. Known for: ASSISTments, Maine homework randomized trial, E-TRIALS research testbed. - [Sidney D'Mello](https://www.colorado.edu/ics/sidney-dmello) (Professor, Institute of Cognitive Science and Department of Computer Science, University of Colorado Boulder). Researcher who studies how emotion, attention and mind-wandering affect learning, and builds systems that detect them. He leads the NSF National AI Institute for Student-AI Teaming, which develops AI partners for classroom collaboration. His research matters for any learning app that tries to notice when a child is confused, bored or tuned out. Known for: NSF National AI Institute for Student-AI Teaming, Affect detection in learning, Mind-wandering research. #### AI in education and learning at scale - [Candace Thille](https://ed.stanford.edu/faculty/cthille) (Associate Professor (Teaching), Stanford Graduate School of Education). Learning scientist who founded and led Carnegie Mellon's Open Learning Initiative, which built online college courses grounded in cognitive science and used student data to improve them. Studies of OLI's statistics course found students could learn the material in less time. Known for: Open Learning Initiative (OLI), Data-driven course improvement. - [Dorottya Demszky](https://ed.stanford.edu/faculty/ddemszky) (Assistant Professor of Education Data Science, Stanford Graduate School of Education). Researcher who applies natural language processing to classroom and tutoring talk. Her tools give teachers and tutors automated feedback on practices such as building on student ideas, and randomized trials found that such feedback changed instruction. Her work points to AI uses that support human teachers and tutors rather than replace them. Known for: Automated feedback for teachers (M-Powering Teachers), NLP for classroom discourse, Tutoring transcript research. - [Hamsa Bastani](https://oid.wharton.upenn.edu/profile/hamsab/) (Associate Professor of Operations, Information and Decisions, The Wharton School). Researcher who co-led a widely discussed field experiment in Turkish high schools. It found that students using an unrestricted GPT-4 tutor did better during practice but worse on later exams, while a version with learning safeguards largely avoided that harm. The study is often cited in debates on AI tutors. Known for: Generative AI Can Harm Learning (field experiment), Machine learning for operations. - [Jeremy Roschelle](https://digitalpromise.org/about/our-team/) (Co-Executive Director, Learning Sciences Research, Digital Promise). Learning scientist who led SimCalc, a math software project whose large trials in Texas middle schools showed gains on topics such as rate and proportion. He has led national work on AI in education, including the Center for Integrative Research in Computing and Learning Sciences, and co-wrote guidance on emerging AI for schools. Known for: SimCalc, CIRCLS, AI in education policy reports. - [Justin Reich](https://tsl.mit.edu/team/justin-reich/) (Associate Professor of Digital Media and Director of the Teaching Systems Lab, MIT). Researcher whose book Failure to Disrupt argues that education technology tends to reinforce existing patterns rather than transform schools. He hosts the TeachLab podcast, and his lab studies how schools are adapting to generative AI, including guides for teachers. He is a frequent skeptic of claims that new technology alone will remake school. Known for: Failure to Disrupt (2020), MIT Teaching Systems Lab, Research on schools and generative AI. - [Kenneth Holstein](https://hcii.cmu.edu/people/ken-holstein) (Faculty member, Human-Computer Interaction Institute, Carnegie Mellon University). Human-computer interaction researcher who studies how AI tools can support teachers rather than sideline them. He co-designed Lumilo, smart glasses that showed teachers which students in an AI-tutored class needed help, and studies how AI fits into human work. His research argues that classroom AI works best when designed with teachers rather than around them. Known for: Lumilo teacher glasses, Human-AI complementarity, Teacher-AI co-design. - [Mark Warschauer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Warschauer) (Professor of Education and Informatics, University of California, Irvine). Researcher in digital learning and literacy who directs UC Irvine's Digital Learning Lab. He has studied laptop programs, online writing, conversational agents for young children's reading and science, and how generative AI affects writing instruction. His studies of AI conversational partners in children's media bear directly on AI tools for young kids. Known for: Digital Learning Lab, Conversational agents for children, Technology and literacy. - [Rene F. Kizilcec](https://rene.kizilcec.com/) (Associate Professor of Information Science, Cornell University). Researcher who studies online learning and AI in education at scale, including light-touch interventions to help students finish courses and fairness in learning algorithms. He directs Cornell's Future of Learning Lab and is principal investigator of the National Tutoring Observatory. Known for: National Tutoring Observatory, Future of Learning Lab, Algorithmic fairness in education. - [Rose Luckin](https://www.educateventures.com/team) (Professor Emerita, UCL Knowledge Lab; founder and CEO, Educate Ventures Research). Researcher in AI and education who wrote Machine Learning and Human Intelligence. She argues AI should help people build human intelligence, not replace it. She founded Educate Ventures Research to help schools and edtech companies use AI with evidence, and co-founded the Institute for Ethical AI in Education. Known for: Machine Learning and Human Intelligence (2018), Educate Ventures Research, Institute for Ethical AI in Education (co-founder). - [Victor R. Lee](https://ed.stanford.edu/faculty/vrlee) (Khosla Family Professor, Stanford Graduate School of Education). Learning scientist who studies data literacy, AI literacy and how young people learn with technology. He is faculty lead for AI and education work at Stanford's Accelerator for Learning, including CRAFT, which offers free classroom materials about AI. His research also covers how young people use wearable devices and personal data for learning. Known for: CRAFT AI literacy resources, Data literacy research, Stanford Accelerator for Learning. - [Ying Xu](https://www.gse.harvard.edu/directory/faculty/ying-xu) (Assistant Professor of Education, Harvard Graduate School of Education). Researcher who studies how children learn from and with AI, including conversational agents that ask questions during storybook reading or science videos. Her studies compare AI partners with human partners and ask what children understand about talking to machines. Her findings suggest well-designed AI questioning can support comprehension, though children still respond differently to people than to machines. Known for: Conversational AI for children's learning, AI-assisted storybook reading, Children's understanding of AI. - [Zachary Pardos](https://bse.berkeley.edu/zachary-pardos) (Professor of Education, University of California, Berkeley). Researcher in adaptive learning and AI who has worked on knowledge tracing, course recommendation systems and open adaptive tutors. His lab built OATutor, an open-source adaptive tutoring system, and has compared AI-generated hints with human-written ones. Open tools like OATutor let researchers and teachers study adaptive tutoring without depending on a commercial vendor. Known for: OATutor (open adaptive tutor), Knowledge tracing, Course recommendation systems. #### Learning analytics and AI-in-education research - [Dragan Gašević](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragan_Ga%C5%A1evi%C4%87) (Professor of Learning Analytics, Monash University). Dragan Gašević is one of the most cited researchers in learning analytics. He co-developed tools such as OnTask, which helps instructors send personalized feedback at scale, and has studied self-regulated learning and the effects of generative AI on how students learn. He is a past president of the Society for Learning Analytics Research. Known for: OnTask, Learning analytics research, Society for Learning Analytics Research. - [Inge Molenaar](https://www.ru.nl/en/people/molenaar-i) (Professor of Education and Artificial Intelligence, Radboud University; Director, NOLAI). Inge Molenaar directs the Netherlands' National Education Lab AI (NOLAI), where schools, researchers and companies co-design AI tools for primary and secondary classrooms. Her research uses learning analytics and AI to understand how learning unfolds over time and how to balance control between teachers, students and machines, which she calls hybrid intelligence. Known for: NOLAI, Hybrid human-AI regulation. - [Mike Sharples](https://www.mikesharples.org/) (Emeritus Professor of Educational Technology, The Open University). Mike Sharples has worked on educational technology for decades, from early research on mobile learning to the Open University's yearly Innovating Pedagogy reports. His book Story Machines (2022) explains how computers came to write creatively, and he wrote some of the earliest commentary on what large language models mean for student essays. Known for: Story Machines, Innovating Pedagogy reports, Mobile learning. - Mutlu Cukurova (Professor of Learning and Artificial Intelligence, UCL Knowledge Lab). Mutlu Cukurova researches human-AI collaboration in education and multimodal learning analytics, which combine data such as speech, gaze and movement to understand learning. He argues that AI should augment rather than replace teachers' judgment, and studies how to evaluate the real classroom impact of AI systems. Known for: Multimodal learning analytics, Human-AI complementarity in teaching. - [René F. Kizilcec](https://rene.kizilcec.com/) (Associate Professor of Information Science, Cornell University). René Kizilcec directs Cornell's Future of Learning Lab and is principal investigator of the National Tutoring Observatory, which builds shared data and tools to study what happens in tutoring sessions. His research on online learning, behavioral nudges and fairness in educational algorithms is widely cited. Known for: National Tutoring Observatory, Future of Learning Lab, Algorithmic fairness in education. - [Shayan Doroudi](https://education.uci.edu/doroudi.html) (Assistant Professor, School of Education, UC Irvine). Shayan Doroudi studies the foundations of learning about learning, from how researchers study learning to how algorithms model students, and how that shapes the design of educational technology. He has written on the history of AI in education and on the limits of student models used by adaptive systems. Known for: History of AI in education, Student modeling. - Wayne Holmes (Professor of Critical Studies of AI and Education, UCL Knowledge Lab). Wayne Holmes studies artificial intelligence in education from a critical, human-rights perspective and has advised UNESCO and the Council of Europe on AI and education policy. He co-wrote Artificial Intelligence in Education: Promises and Implications for Teaching and Learning (2019) and argues that AI tools need evidence and oversight before wide use in schools. Known for: Artificial Intelligence in Education: Promises and Implications, Council of Europe AI and education work. - [Zachary A. Pardos](https://bse.berkeley.edu/zachary-pardos) (Professor of Education, UC Berkeley). Zach Pardos studies adaptive learning and AI in education. His lab built OATutor, an open-source adaptive tutoring system whose content and data are free for researchers, and tested how ChatGPT-written hints compare with human-written ones. He also works on AI tools that help community college students transfer credits and plan degrees. Known for: OATutor, ATAIN credit transfer, AskOski. #### Kids, AI and learning research - [Cynthia Breazeal](https://www.media.mit.edu/people/cynthiab/overview/) (Professor of Media Arts and Sciences, MIT; Director, MIT RAISE). Cynthia Breazeal leads MIT's Personal Robots Group and is the founding director of MIT RAISE (Responsible AI for Social Empowerment and Education). She launched the Day of AI program, which provides free AI literacy lessons for K-12 classrooms, and studies social robots as learning companions for young children. She co-founded the home robot company Jibo. Known for: MIT RAISE, Day of AI, Social robots for learning. - [Dakuo Wang](https://www.dakuowang.com/) (Associate Professor, Northeastern University). Dakuo Wang leads Northeastern's Human-Centered AI Lab, jointly appointed in computer science and arts, media and design. With collaborators including Ying Xu, he has built AI tools for children and families, such as storytelling and question-asking companions for shared reading, and studies how people and AI work together. Known for: StoryBuddy, Human-centered AI. - [Mitchel Resnick](https://www.media.mit.edu/people/mres/overview/) (LEGO Papert Professor of Learning Research, MIT Media Lab). Mitchel Resnick leads the Lifelong Kindergarten group, which created Scratch, the free coding language and community used by more than 150 million young people, and the OctoStudio mobile coding app. He argues that children learn best through creative projects, peers and play, a lens he applies to how AI should and should not be used with kids. Known for: Scratch, OctoStudio, Lifelong Kindergarten. - [Stefania Druga](https://stefania11.github.io/) (AI education researcher). Stefania Druga studies how children and families learn with and about artificial intelligence. She created Cognimates, a platform that lets kids build games and train their own AI models, and her research on how young children perceive smart assistants and robots helped shape the field of child-centered AI literacy. Known for: Cognimates, Children's perceptions of AI. #### AI in education commentators - [Anna Mills](https://annarmills.com/) (Community college writing teacher and author). Anna Mills teaches writing at a community college and wrote the open textbook AI and College Writing: An Orientation, along with How Arguments Work. She advocates for teaching students to use AI critically and transparently, and is involved with MyEssayFeedback.ai, a tool for combining peer and AI review with reflection. Known for: AI and College Writing: An Orientation, How Arguments Work, MyEssayFeedback.ai. - [Audrey Watters](https://audreywatters.com/) (Writer and education technology critic). Audrey Watters has written about education technology for many years and is known for skeptical, historically grounded criticism of its promises. Her book Teaching Machines (MIT Press, 2020) traces the pre-history of personalized learning back to B.F. Skinner's machines, and her newsletter Second Breakfast continues her commentary, including on AI. Known for: Teaching Machines, Hack Education, Second Breakfast. - [Ben Williamson](https://edwebprofiles.ed.ac.uk/profile/ben-williamson) (Senior Lecturer in Digital Education, University of Edinburgh). Ben Williamson studies the politics of data, algorithms and AI in education, including how tech companies and investors shape school policy. He wrote Big Data in Education (2017) and the long-running Code Acts in Education blog, and has written critical analyses of the push to put generative AI into schools. Known for: Big Data in Education, Code Acts in Education blog. - [Benjamin Riley](https://www.cognitiveresonance.net/) (Founder, Cognitive Resonance). Ben Riley founded Cognitive Resonance to help people understand generative AI through cognitive science, and is a prominent skeptic of AI tutors and chatbots in schools. He previously founded Deans for Impact, which works on bringing learning science into teacher preparation, and writes and speaks often about how human thinking differs from large language models. Known for: Cognitive Resonance, Deans for Impact. - [Daisy Christodoulou](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daisy_Christodoulou) (Director of Education, No More Marking). Daisy Christodoulou wrote Seven Myths About Education and leads education at No More Marking, which uses comparative judgement so teachers can assess writing reliably. She has run and written about trials using large language models to help mark student writing, comparing AI judgements with teachers', and about what AI means for assessment. Known for: Seven Myths About Education, Comparative judgement, AI and assessment. - [Dan Fitzpatrick](https://theaieducator.io/) (Author and speaker on AI in schools). Dan Fitzpatrick is a former teacher and school leader in the UK who co-wrote The AI Classroom and wrote Infinite Education, about leading change in schools as AI arrives. He advises schools and education leaders on AI strategy and writes and speaks widely as "The AI Educator." Known for: The AI Classroom, Infinite Education. - [Dan Meyer](https://danmeyer.substack.com/) (Math educator; writes the Mathworlds newsletter; works at Amplify). Dan Meyer is a former high school math teacher, known for his TED talk on math class, who helped build Desmos's classroom activities and now works at Amplify after it acquired Desmos's curriculum. In his Mathworlds newsletter he is a prominent skeptic of AI chatbot tutors, arguing that most students do not want to learn from them and that teachers and peers matter more. Known for: Mathworlds, Desmos classroom activities, Math class needs a makeover (TED). - [Ethan Mollick](https://mgmt.wharton.upenn.edu/profile/emollick/) (Associate Professor of Management and Co-Director, Generative AI Labs, Wharton). Ethan Mollick studies how AI changes work and education and writes One Useful Thing, one of the most read newsletters on practical AI use. His book Co-Intelligence (2024) was a New York Times bestseller, and with Lilach Mollick he has published prompts and papers on using AI as a tutor, coach and simulation partner in teaching. TIME named him to its 2024 AI list. Known for: Co-Intelligence, One Useful Thing, AI in the classroom prompts. - [John Warner](https://biblioracle.substack.com/about) (Writer and writing teacher). John Warner is a writer and former college writing instructor who wrote More Than Words: How to Think About Writing in the Age of AI (2025) and Why They Can't Write. He argues that writing is a way of thinking that large language models cannot do for students, and writes the Biblioracle newsletter. Known for: More Than Words, Why They Can't Write, The Biblioracle. - [José Antonio Bowen](https://josebowen.com/) (Author; former president, Goucher College). José Antonio Bowen co-wrote Teaching with AI: A Practical Guide to a New Era of Human Learning (2024) with C. Edward Watson, a widely used guide for college faculty on assignments, policies and AI literacy. He earlier wrote Teaching Naked, about using technology to free class time for active learning, and gives workshops on teaching with AI. Known for: Teaching with AI, Teaching Naked. - [Lance Eaton](https://aiedusimplified.substack.com/about) (Writer on AI and higher education). Lance Eaton writes the newsletter AI + Education = Simplified, exploring AI in teaching and learning through reflection and interviews. He gathered and shared a widely used public collection of college syllabus policies on generative AI and works in faculty development. Known for: AI + Education = Simplified, Syllabus AI policy collection. - [Leon Furze](https://leonfurze.com/) (Author and consultant on AI in education). Leon Furze is an Australian educator and consultant who helps schools and universities understand the practical and ethical sides of generative AI. He co-developed the AI Assessment Scale, a widely adopted framework for deciding how much AI use to allow in a task, and wrote Practical AI Strategies and other books for teachers. Known for: AI Assessment Scale, Practical AI Strategies. - Lilach Mollick (Co-Director, Generative AI Labs at Wharton (as of 2025)). Lilach Mollick works on how generative AI can support teaching and learning at the Wharton School, after leading pedagogy for Wharton Interactive's simulation games. With Ethan Mollick she co-wrote widely shared papers such as "Assigning AI: Seven Approaches for Students" and research on AI agents that run practice simulations for students. Known for: Assigning AI: Seven Approaches for Students, AI tutor and simulation prompts. - [Maha Bali](https://blog.mahabali.me/about/) (Professor of Practice, Center for Learning and Teaching, American University in Cairo). Maha Bali is a faculty developer and open educator who writes the Reflecting Allowed blog. She is known for her work on critical AI literacy, encouraging teachers and students to question how AI tools are built and whose knowledge they reflect, and for a global, equity-minded view of AI in education. Known for: Critical AI literacy, Reflecting Allowed blog, Equity Unbound. - [Marc Watkins](https://marcwatkins.substack.com/) (Writer on AI and teaching; University of Mississippi). Marc Watkins writes the Rhetorica newsletter about how generative AI is changing writing instruction and higher education. At the University of Mississippi he has led faculty training on AI, and he often argues for thoughtful policy over AI detection, and for teaching students to use AI with care rather than banning or embracing it uncritically. Known for: Rhetorica newsletter, Faculty AI institutes. - [Natalie Wexler](https://nataliewexler.com/) (Education writer). Natalie Wexler writes about literacy and the role of background knowledge in reading. She wrote The Knowledge Gap and co-wrote The Writing Revolution, and her recent book Beyond the Science of Reading argues that schools need to build knowledge alongside phonics. She has also written about what AI means for reading and writing instruction. Known for: The Knowledge Gap, The Writing Revolution, Beyond the Science of Reading. - [Punya Mishra](https://punyamishra.com/) (Professor, Mary Lou Fulton College of Teaching and Learning Innovation, Arizona State University). Punya Mishra co-developed the TPACK framework, which describes the knowledge teachers need to combine technology, pedagogy and content, and is a widely read voice on generative AI and education through his blog and talks. He focuses on creativity, design and what AI means for teacher education. Known for: TPACK framework, Writing on generative AI and teaching. - [Torrey Trust](https://www.torreytrust.com/) (Professor of Learning Technology, University of Massachusetts Amherst). Torrey Trust studies how technology can support teacher and student learning and examines it critically. Her freely shared slides, guides and syllabus statements on ChatGPT and generative AI became widely used by teachers and professors in 2023 and after, and she writes about AI's ethical and accessibility implications. Known for: Generative AI teaching guides, Critical edtech research. #### Kids and AI research - [Allison Druin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allison_Druin) (Professor Emerita, University of Maryland, College Park). Computer scientist who pioneered designing technology with children as full partners, through an approach called cooperative inquiry and the University of Maryland's KidsTeam. She also co-founded the International Children's Digital Library. Her methods are now standard in research on children's technology, including AI tools. Known for: cooperative inquiry, KidsTeam, International Children's Digital Library. - [Celeste Kidd](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celeste_Kidd) (Professor of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley). Cognitive scientist who studies curiosity, belief and how children decide what to learn. In a 2023 Science article with Abeba Birhane, she argued that generative AI systems that sound confident can distort human beliefs, with children especially vulnerable. She was among the 'Silence Breakers' named Time Person of the Year in 2017. Known for: curiosity research, How AI can distort human beliefs (Science, 2023). - [David S. Touretzky](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_S._Touretzky) (Research Professor of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University). Computer scientist who founded and chairs the AI4K12 initiative, sponsored by AAAI and the Computer Science Teachers Association, which is developing national guidelines for teaching AI in K-12 schools. AI4K12's 'Five Big Ideas in AI' (perception, representation and reasoning, learning, natural interaction, and societal impact) are widely used in AI education. Known for: AI4K12, Five Big Ideas in AI. - [Jun Zhao](https://www.cs.ox.ac.uk/people/jun.zhao/) (Senior Researcher, Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford). Computer scientist who studies how algorithms and data practices affect families and young children. She leads Oxford Child-Centred AI research and projects such as KOALA, which examined how children's apps collect data and how to design AI and apps that respect children's rights and autonomy. Known for: Oxford Child-Centred AI, KOALA project, children's data privacy. - [Maja Matarić](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maja_Matari%C4%87) (Chan Soon-Shiong Distinguished Professor of Computer Science, University of Southern California). Computer scientist who helped found the field of socially assistive robotics: robots that help people through social interaction rather than physical help. Her lab has built robots that coach children with autism, support learning and encourage healthy behavior. Her research is a key reference for how robots and AI agents can support children's learning and development while keeping a human in the loop. Known for: socially assistive robotics, robots for children with autism. - Mhairi Aitken (Senior Ethics Fellow, The Alan Turing Institute (as of 2025)). Researcher on the ethics of AI who leads work at the UK's national AI institute on children's rights and AI. Her projects, including work with children in Scotland, ask children directly how they think AI should be designed and governed, and argue that children should have a voice in AI policy. Known for: children's rights and AI research, public engagement on AI. - [Natalia Kucirkova](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natalia_Kucirkova) (Professor of Early Childhood and Development, University of Stavanger; Professor of Reading and Children's Development, The Open University). Researcher on children's reading, personalized digital books and the quality of educational technology. She founded WiKIT, a university spin-out that evaluates children's edtech against research evidence, and writes about how personalization and AI should, and should not, be used in children's learning. Known for: personalized digital books, WiKIT, edtech evidence standards. - Nomisha Kurian (Education researcher (University of Cambridge as of 2024)). Researcher whose 2024 study described an 'empathy gap' in AI chatbots: children may treat chatbots as lifelike, trusted confidants even though the systems cannot truly understand them. She proposed a framework of questions to help developers, educators and policymakers design child-safe AI. Known for: empathy gap in AI chatbots, child-safe AI framework. - Steven Vosloo (Digital policy specialist, UNICEF). Policy specialist who led UNICEF's work on AI and children, including its policy guidance on AI for children, which sets out requirements for child-centered AI such as supporting development, ensuring fairness, protecting data and privacy, and preparing children for an AI world. The guidance has since been updated and is widely cited by governments and companies. Known for: UNICEF Policy Guidance on AI for Children, AI for children project. #### Reading and literacy research - [Anne Castles](https://researchers.mq.edu.au/en/persons/anne-castles) (Professor, School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University). Cognitive scientist of reading and dyslexia who was lead author of "Ending the Reading Wars" (2018), a widely cited review that explains the evidence on learning to read for a general audience. She studies subtypes of dyslexia and how children learn to read and spell words. Known for: Ending the Reading Wars (2018), Subtypes of developmental dyslexia. - [Catherine E. Snow](https://www.gse.harvard.edu/directory/faculty/catherine-snow) (Hobbs Research Professor of Cognition and Education, Harvard Graduate School of Education). Language and literacy researcher who chaired the National Research Council committee behind Preventing Reading Difficulties in Young Children (1998). She studies children's vocabulary, academic language and family talk, and co-developed the Word Generation program for middle school vocabulary. Her work is widely cited on how early oral language at home and school builds later reading comprehension. Known for: Preventing Reading Difficulties in Young Children (1998, chair), Word Generation, Home-School Study of Language and Literacy. - [Charles Perfetti](https://www.psychology.pitt.edu/people/charles-perfetti-phd) (University Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh). Cognitive scientist of reading who proposed the lexical quality hypothesis. It holds that comprehension depends on how well a reader knows the spelling, sound and meaning of each word. He has directed Pitt's Learning Research and Development Center and studied reading across writing systems, including Chinese. Known for: Lexical quality hypothesis, Reading across writing systems, Learning Research and Development Center. - [Claude Goldenberg](https://profiles.stanford.edu/claude-goldenberg) (Nomellini-Olivier Professor of Education, Emeritus, Stanford University). Education researcher who studies literacy development for English learners and children from Spanish-speaking homes. He served on the National Literacy Panel for Language-Minority Children and Youth and writes about how the science of reading applies to multilingual students. His work bears on how phonics and language instruction can be adapted for children who are learning English. Known for: English learners and literacy, National Literacy Panel for Language-Minority Children and Youth. - [David A. Kilpatrick](https://equippedforreadingsuccess.com/) (Psychologist and author of Equipped for Reading Success). School psychologist who has taught psychology at SUNY Cortland and wrote Equipped for Reading Success and Essentials of Assessing, Preventing, and Overcoming Reading Difficulties. His books explain orthographic mapping and phonemic proficiency for teachers and promote advanced phonemic awareness training. Some researchers question how much that training adds beyond phonics. Known for: Equipped for Reading Success (2016), Essentials of Assessing, Preventing, and Overcoming Reading Difficulties (2015). - [Hollis Scarborough](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollis_Scarborough) (Senior Scientist, Haskins Laboratories). Psychologist who created Scarborough's Reading Rope, the widely used diagram showing skilled reading as word recognition strands (phonological awareness, decoding, sight recognition) woven together with language comprehension strands. Her longitudinal studies showed that early language problems can predict later reading difficulty. Known for: Scarborough's Reading Rope (2001), Early predictors of dyslexia. - [Jack M. Fletcher](https://www.uh.edu/class/psychology/about/people/jack-fletcher/) (Hugh Roy and Lillie Cranz Cullen Distinguished Research Professor of Psychology, University of Houston). Neuropsychologist who directs the Texas Center for Learning Disabilities. He co-wrote Learning Disabilities: From Identification to Intervention and has pushed for identifying reading disabilities through response to instruction rather than IQ gaps. His work matters to families seeking dyslexia evaluations, since it shapes how schools decide who qualifies for help. Known for: Texas Center for Learning Disabilities, Learning Disabilities: From Identification to Intervention, Response to intervention. - [Joseph Torgesen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Torgesen) (Emeritus Professor of Psychology and Education, Florida State University). Reading researcher who studied phonological processing and early intervention for struggling readers. He co-developed widely used assessments such as the Comprehensive Test of Phonological Processing (CTOPP) and the Test of Word Reading Efficiency (TOWRE), and directed the Florida Center for Reading Research. Known for: CTOPP and TOWRE assessments, Florida Center for Reading Research, Early reading intervention. - [Kathleen Rastle](https://pure.royalholloway.ac.uk/en/persons/kathy-rastle) (Professor of Cognitive Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London). Cognitive psychologist who studies how people learn to read and recognize words, including the role of morphology (word parts) and phonics. She co-wrote "Ending the Reading Wars" and has written on how phonics policy in England links to the evidence. Known for: Ending the Reading Wars (2018, co-author), Morphology in reading, Computational models of reading. - [Keith Stanovich](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keith_Stanovich) (Emeritus Professor of Applied Psychology and Human Development, University of Toronto). Psychologist whose 1986 paper on "Matthew effects" in reading described how early readers read more and pull further ahead while struggling readers fall behind. He has also written widely on rational thinking and on the limits of IQ tests. The Matthew effects idea is one reason researchers push for early reading help rather than waiting to see if children catch up. Known for: Matthew Effects in Reading (1986), Phonological-core variable-difference model, What Intelligence Tests Miss (2009). - [Linnea Ehri](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linnea_Ehri) (Distinguished Professor Emerita of Educational Psychology, CUNY Graduate Center). Reading researcher who described the phases of learning to read words and the process of orthographic mapping. That is how children link letters to sounds so that words become instantly recognized "sight words." Her work underpins much of today's phonics teaching. Known for: Orthographic mapping, Phases of word reading development, National Reading Panel (member). - [Louisa Moats](https://louisamoats.com/) (Literacy researcher, author and consultant). Literacy expert who wrote Speech to Print and was lead author of LETRS, a widely used professional development course on the science of reading for teachers. Her paper "Teaching Reading Is Rocket Science" argued that teachers need deep training in language structure. Known for: LETRS (lead author), Speech to Print, Teaching Reading Is Rocket Science (1999, updated 2020). - [Mark Seidenberg](https://www.seidenbergreading.net/) (Professor Emeritus of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison). Psycholinguist who built influential computer models of how people learn to read words. His book Language at the Speed of Sight argues that reading instruction in American schools has ignored the science of reading. He writes for educators about phonics, comprehension and the role of spoken language. Known for: Language at the Speed of Sight (2017), Connectionist models of reading, Science of reading. - [Maryanne Wolf](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maryanne_Wolf) (Director, UCLA Center for Dyslexia, Diverse Learners, and Social Justice). Cognitive neuroscientist of reading whose book Proust and the Squid explains how the brain builds a reading circuit. Her later book Reader, Come Home asks how screens and digital reading affect deep reading. She also co-developed the RAVE-O fluency program for children with dyslexia. Known for: Proust and the Squid (2007), Reader, Come Home (2018), RAVE-O intervention. - [Nadine Gaab](https://www.gse.harvard.edu/directory/faculty/nadine-gaab) (Pascucci Professor in Learning Differences, Harvard Graduate School of Education). Developmental cognitive neuroscientist who studies the brain basis of dyslexia from infancy onward. She argues for screening children for reading risk before kindergarten rather than waiting for them to fail, and helped develop early screening tools. She writes for parents and policymakers on why early screening and early help matter. Known for: Early dyslexia screening, Infant and preschool brain imaging, Learning differences. - [Nell K. Duke](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nell_K._Duke) (Professor of Literacy, Language, and Culture, University of Michigan). Literacy researcher known for work on informational text and reading comprehension in early grades, especially for children in low-income communities. She co-wrote the Active View of Reading model with Kelly Cartwright, which expands the Simple View of Reading. She writes widely for teachers and parents, including on project-based literacy and on reading informational text, not only stories, with young children. Known for: Active View of Reading (with Kelly Cartwright), Informational text in early grades, Project-based literacy. - [Sally Shaywitz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sally_Shaywitz) (Audrey G. Ratner Professor in Learning Development, Yale University). Physician-scientist who co-founded and co-directs the Yale Center for Dyslexia and Creativity with Bennett Shaywitz. Her brain imaging and long-term studies showed dyslexia is common and lifelong. Her book Overcoming Dyslexia is a standard guide for families. Her center also highlights strengths often seen in people with dyslexia and advocates for accommodations in school. Known for: Overcoming Dyslexia (2003, 2nd ed. 2020), Yale Center for Dyslexia and Creativity, Connecticut Longitudinal Study. - [Sharon Vaughn](https://education.utexas.edu/faculty/sharon_vaughn/) (Executive Director, The Meadows Center for Preventing Educational Risk, University of Texas at Austin). Special education researcher who has run many large trials of reading interventions for students with learning disabilities and English learners. Her work helped shape response to intervention and tiered support in schools. She has written practical guides for teachers on reading instruction for students who struggle, including older students in middle and high school. Known for: Meadows Center for Preventing Educational Risk, Response to intervention, Reading interventions for older students. - [Stanislas Dehaene](https://www.college-de-france.fr/en/chair/stanislas-dehaene-experimental-cognitive-psychology-statutory-chair) (Professor of Experimental Cognitive Psychology, College de France). Cognitive neuroscientist known for research on how the brain handles reading and numbers. His books Reading in the Brain, The Number Sense and How We Learn explain this for general readers. He chaired France's Scientific Council for Education, which drew on this research for national guidance. Known for: Reading in the Brain (2009), The Number Sense (1997), How We Learn (2020). - [Timothy Shanahan](https://www.shanahanonliteracy.com/) (Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Urban Education, University of Illinois Chicago). Literacy researcher who served on the National Reading Panel and chaired the National Early Literacy Panel. His blog Shanahan on Literacy answers teachers' questions about phonics, fluency, text complexity and comprehension, often pushing back on popular but weakly supported practices. Known for: National Reading Panel (member), National Early Literacy Panel (chair), Shanahan on Literacy blog. #### Math education research - [Alan H. Schoenfeld](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_H._Schoenfeld) (Professor Emeritus of Education and Mathematics, University of California, Berkeley). Mathematics education researcher known for studies of problem solving and for the Teaching for Robust Understanding (TRU) framework. His book Mathematical Problem Solving shaped how schools teach heuristics, and he has written about the history of the math wars. His work emphasizes teaching students to monitor and steer their own problem solving, not only to master procedures. Known for: Mathematical Problem Solving (1985), Teaching for Robust Understanding framework, The Math Wars (2004). - [Anna Stokke](https://chalkandtalkpodcast.com/) (Professor of Mathematics, University of Winnipeg; host of Chalk & Talk). Mathematician who advocates for explicit instruction and practice in school math. She hosts Chalk & Talk, a podcast interviewing researchers on how students learn math, and co-founded the WISE Math advocacy group in Manitoba. Her podcast has become a hub for the science-of-math movement among teachers and parents. Known for: Chalk & Talk podcast, WISE Math. - [Brian Butterworth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Butterworth) (Emeritus Professor of Cognitive Neuropsychology, University College London). Cognitive neuroscientist known for research on dyscalculia, a specific difficulty with numbers. His books The Mathematical Brain and Dyscalculia: From Science to Education argue that number sense is inborn and that dyscalculia needs early, targeted help. He developed the Dyscalculia Screener, a computer-based test for schools. Known for: The Mathematical Brain (1999), Dyscalculia: From Science to Education (2018). - [Daniel Ansari](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Ansari) (Canada Research Chair in Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Western University (Canada)). Cognitive neuroscientist who studies how children's brains learn numbers and arithmetic. His Numerical Cognition Laboratory has shown that basic symbolic number skills predict later math, and he has worked to connect neuroscience and education carefully, warning against "neuromyths." He has also written for educators about "neuromyths" and the limits of brain-based learning products. Known for: Numerical Cognition Laboratory, Symbolic number processing, Educational neuroscience. - [David C. Geary](https://psychology.missouri.edu/people/geary) (Curators' Distinguished Professor of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri). Cognitive developmental psychologist who studies children's math learning and difficulties through long-term studies. He served on the National Mathematics Advisory Panel and proposed a distinction between "biologically primary" knowledge children pick up naturally and "secondary" school knowledge that needs teaching. Known for: National Mathematics Advisory Panel (member), Biologically primary and secondary knowledge, Missouri Longitudinal Study of math. - [Deborah Loewenberg Ball](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deborah_Loewenberg_Ball) (William H. Payne Collegiate Professor of Education, University of Michigan). Mathematics education researcher known for defining "mathematical knowledge for teaching," the specialized math knowledge teachers need. She founded TeachingWorks to improve teacher preparation, was dean of Michigan's School of Education, and was president of the American Educational Research Association. Her research has shaped how teacher preparation programs teach future teachers to lead math discussions and understand student thinking. Known for: Mathematical knowledge for teaching, TeachingWorks, AERA president (2017-2018). - [Douglas H. Clements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_Clements) (Professor, Morgridge College of Education, University of Denver). Early mathematics researcher who, with Julie Sarama, developed Building Blocks, a preschool math curriculum tested in large trials, and the "learning trajectories" approach. That approach maps the steps children go through in learning each math topic. Building Blocks combines software, hands-on activities and teacher training, and has shown gains in large preschool trials. Known for: Building Blocks curriculum, Learning trajectories, Learning and Teaching Early Math (with Julie Sarama). - [Hung-Hsi Wu](https://math.berkeley.edu/~wu/) (Professor Emeritus of Mathematics, University of California, Berkeley). Mathematician who has written extensively on the mathematics K-12 teachers need. He favors a coherent, precise curriculum, especially for fractions and algebra. His textbooks for teachers and his role in debates on math standards made him a central voice in the "math wars." Known for: Understanding Numbers in Elementary School Mathematics, Teaching School Mathematics series, Common Core math standards input. - [Jo Boaler](https://ed.stanford.edu/faculty/joboaler) (Nomellini-Olivier Professor of Education, Stanford University). Mathematics education professor who co-founded youcubed and wrote Mathematical Mindsets. She promotes open-ended tasks, visual math and growth mindset and argues against timed tests and early tracking. She was on the writing team for the 2023 California Mathematics Framework. Her work has drawn critics who question her use of research and her views on acceleration and algebra timing. Known for: Mathematical Mindsets (2016), youcubed, California Mathematics Framework (writing team). - [Jon R. Star](https://www.gse.harvard.edu/directory/faculty/jon-star) (Pforzheimer Professor of Teaching and Learning, Harvard Graduate School of Education). Educational psychologist who studies how students learn algebra flexibly. With Bethany Rittle-Johnson he showed that comparing and contrasting worked solutions builds flexibility, and he helped write a federal practice guide on teaching algebra. His studies suggest students learn more when shown two ways to solve the same problem and asked to compare them. Known for: Comparison of worked examples, Algebra flexibility, IES Teaching Strategies for Improving Algebra Knowledge (co-author). - [Keith Devlin](https://profkeithdevlin.org/) (Professor Emeritus, Stanford University). Mathematician and author known as "the Math Guy" on NPR. He has written many popular books on math and co-founded BrainQuake, which builds puzzle games to teach math. He argues video games can teach real math thinking rather than drill. Known for: NPR's "The Math Guy", Mathematics Education for a New Era: Video Games as a Medium for Learning (2011), BrainQuake (co-founder). - [Lynn Fuchs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lynn_Fuchs) (Dunn Family Chair in Psychoeducational Assessment, Vanderbilt University (1950-2025)). Special education researcher who, often with Douglas Fuchs, developed peer-assisted learning strategies (PALS) and curriculum-based measurement for tracking student progress. Her trials of math interventions for children with math difficulties shaped tiered support in schools. She died in 2025. Her measures are still used by teachers to check progress every few weeks and adjust instruction. Known for: Peer-Assisted Learning Strategies (PALS), Curriculum-based measurement, Math intervention research. - [Nancy C. Jordan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_C._Jordan) (Dean Family Endowed Professor of Teacher Education, University of Delaware). Researcher who studies number sense in young children and how it predicts later math. She developed Number Sense Interventions, a structured program for kindergartners at risk, and early screening measures for math difficulties. Her research shows that weak number sense in kindergarten predicts later math difficulty, which supports early screening and help. Known for: Number Sense Interventions, Early math screening. - [Nicole McNeil](https://psychology.nd.edu/people/nicole-mcneil/) (Professor of Psychology, University of Notre Dame). Developmental psychologist who studies how children understand the equal sign and early algebra. Her research shows that children who mostly see problems written like "3 + 4 = __" often misread the equal sign as "give the answer," and that varied formats help. Known for: Equal sign misconceptions, Early algebra, Math intervention design. - [Robert S. Siegler](https://www.tc.columbia.edu/faculty/rss2169/) (Schiff Foundations Professor of Psychology and Education, Teachers College, Columbia University). Developmental psychologist who studies how children's thinking about numbers changes, including the "overlapping waves" theory of strategy change. His studies showed that playing a simple linear number board game improves preschoolers' number sense, and he has done influential work on fractions. Known for: Overlapping waves theory, Number board game studies, Fractions research. - [Sian Beilock](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sian_Beilock) (President, Dartmouth College). Cognitive scientist known for research on why people choke under pressure and on math anxiety. Her studies found that anxious adults, including teachers and parents, can pass math anxiety to children, and that brief writing exercises can help students before tests. She wrote Choke. Known for: Choke (2010), Math anxiety research, Expressive writing before tests. #### Education economics and tutoring evidence - [Abhijit Banerjee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abhijit_Banerjee) (Lemann Foundation Professor in Economics, University of Zurich; co-founder, J-PAL). Development economist who shared the 2019 Nobel Prize for experimental approaches to reducing poverty, long based at MIT. With Esther Duflo and Pratham he studied Teaching at the Right Level, which groups children by actual skill rather than grade. The approach is now used in many countries. Known for: Nobel Prize in Economics (2019), J-PAL (co-founder), Teaching at the Right Level research. - [Eric Hanushek](https://hanushek.stanford.edu/) (Paul and Jean Hanna Senior Fellow, Hoover Institution, Stanford University). Economist known for research on school spending, teacher quality and the economic value of skills. His work argues that teacher effectiveness matters far more than class size or spending levels, and that test-score gains predict national economic growth. His estimates of the value of a highly effective teacher are often cited in teacher policy debates. Known for: Teacher quality research, The Knowledge Capital of Nations (2015, with Ludger Woessmann), School finance debates. - [Esther Duflo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esther_Duflo) (Lemann Foundation Professor in Economics, University of Zurich). Development economist who shared the 2019 Nobel Prize and co-founded J-PAL while at MIT. Her education trials with Abhijit Banerjee and Pratham, including remedial tutoring and computer-assisted learning in India, helped build the evidence for Teaching at the Right Level. Known for: Nobel Prize in Economics (2019), J-PAL (co-founder), Remedying Education (2007, with Banerjee, Cole and Linden). - [Jens Ludwig](https://harris.uchicago.edu/directory/jens-ludwig) (Edwin A. and Betty L. Bergman Distinguished Service Professor, University of Chicago). Economist who directs the University of Chicago Crime Lab and co-founded the Education Lab. With Jonathan Guryan and others he led the randomized trials of Saga Education's high-dosage math tutoring and studies how to scale programs that help young people. Known for: University of Chicago Education Lab (co-founder), Saga Education tutoring trials, University of Chicago Crime Lab. - Jonathan Guryan (Professor of Education and Social Policy, Northwestern University). Economist who, with Jens Ludwig and colleagues at the University of Chicago Education Lab, ran large randomized trials of Saga Education's daily in-school math tutoring in Chicago. The trials found large gains and helped spark the national push for high-dosage tutoring. Known for: Saga Education tutoring trials, High-dosage tutoring research, University of Chicago Education Lab. - [Karthik Muralidharan](https://econweb.ucsd.edu/~kamurali/) (Tata Chancellor's Professor of Economics, University of California, San Diego). Development economist whose randomized trial of Mindspark, an adaptive computer-based learning program in Delhi, found large gains in math and Hindi in a few months. His work is often cited for teaching at the child's actual level, not grade level, and he wrote Accelerating India's Development. Known for: Mindspark adaptive learning trial (2019), Teacher and school research in India, Accelerating India's Development (2024). - [Matthew A. Kraft](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_A._Kraft) (Professor of Education and Economics, Brown University). Education economist who studies teachers, teacher coaching and tutoring. He co-led research on how to scale high-dosage tutoring and its costs, and a widely cited meta-analysis of teacher coaching. He also co-wrote work on the decline in the prestige of teaching. Known for: Teacher coaching meta-analysis, Scaling high-dosage tutoring, Research on the teaching profession. - [Noam Angrist](https://www.bsg.ox.ac.uk/people/noam-angrist) (Academic Director, What Works Hub for Global Education, University of Oxford; co-founder, Youth Impact). Economist who co-founded Youth Impact in Botswana. During school closures it ran low-tech math tutoring by phone call and text, and trials found gains in numeracy at low cost. He studies how to scale education programs that work in low- and middle-income countries. Known for: Youth Impact (co-founder), Phone-based tutoring trials, What Works Hub for Global Education. - [Paul T. von Hippel](https://paulvonhippel.com/) (Professor and Associate Dean for Research, LBJ School of Public Affairs, University of Texas at Austin). Sociologist and statistician who studies summer learning loss, school effects and research methods. His work questioned how large and widespread summer slide really is, and he writes on the evidence behind tutoring, phonics and other popular programs. His critiques have pushed researchers to measure learning more carefully before drawing conclusions about programs. Known for: Summer learning research, Is summer learning loss real? (critiques), Research methods for education. - [Philip Oreopoulos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Oreopoulos) (Professor of Economics and Public Policy, University of Toronto). Economist who studies how to help students succeed in school and college using field experiments. He co-wrote a 2020 review of tutoring RCTs that found large average gains from structured tutoring, and has tested low-cost coaching, nudges and online tutoring. Known for: Tutoring meta-analysis (2020, with Andre Nickow and Vincent Quan), Field experiments in education. - [Raj Chetty](https://rajchetty.com/) (William A. Ackman Professor of Public Economics, Harvard University). Economist who directs Opportunity Insights. His research with colleagues linked teacher value-added to students' adult earnings and showed how kindergarten classroom quality affects later life. His team also tracked how online math learning fell during the pandemic using Zearn data. Known for: Opportunity Insights, Teacher value-added and adult outcomes, Economic Tracker (including online learning data). - [Robert Slavin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Slavin) (Educational psychologist, Johns Hopkins University (1950-2021)). Educational researcher who co-founded Success for All, a whole-school reading program tested in many trials, and promoted cooperative learning. He led the Center for Research and Reform in Education and created Evidence for ESSA, a free site rating programs by evidence. He died in 2021. Known for: Success for All, Evidence for ESSA, Cooperative learning. - [Roland G. Fryer Jr.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roland_Fryer) (Professor of Economics, Harvard University). Economist who founded Harvard's Education Innovation Laboratory (EdLabs). He ran large school experiments, including paying students for grades and reading, and bringing charter school practices such as high-dosage tutoring and more instructional time into Houston public schools. His studies of student incentives and school practices are often cited in debates on what works in high-poverty schools. Known for: Education Innovation Laboratory (EdLabs), Student incentive experiments, Injecting charter school best practices into public schools. - [Sean F. Reardon](https://profiles.stanford.edu/sean-reardon) (Professor of Poverty and Inequality in Education, Stanford Graduate School of Education). Sociologist who built the Stanford Education Data Archive and the Educational Opportunity Project, which compare test scores across nearly every US school district. His research documents how income and racial achievement gaps grew and differ by place. The data let anyone compare achievement and growth across districts and see how much opportunity varies by place. Known for: Educational Opportunity Project (SEDA), Income achievement gap research, Education Recovery Scorecard. - [Thomas J. Kane](https://www.gse.harvard.edu/directory/faculty/thomas-kane) (Walter H. Gale Professor of Education and Economics, Harvard Graduate School of Education). Economist who directs Harvard's Center for Education Policy Research. He led the Measures of Effective Teaching project and, with Sean Reardon, the Education Recovery Scorecard tracking pandemic learning loss and recovery by district. The scorecard shows how far students in different districts still lag pre-pandemic levels and which districts recovered faster. Known for: Education Recovery Scorecard (with Sean Reardon), Measures of Effective Teaching project, Center for Education Policy Research. #### Learning analytics and educational data mining - [George Siemens](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Siemens) (Learning analytics researcher; co-founder, Society for Learning Analytics Research). Researcher who proposed connectivism as a theory of learning in networks and co-taught one of the first MOOCs in 2008 with Stephen Downes. He helped found the Society for Learning Analytics Research and the field of learning analytics. He has also written about the effects of AI on higher education and learning. Known for: Connectivism, Early MOOCs (CCK08), Society for Learning Analytics Research (co-founder). - [Ryan S. Baker](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryan_S._Baker) (Professor of Artificial Intelligence and Education, Adelaide University). Researcher who helped establish educational data mining as a field and co-founded the International Educational Data Mining Society. He is known for detecting student boredom, confusion and "gaming the system" from log data, and for work on algorithmic bias in education. He was previously at the University of Pennsylvania. Known for: Educational data mining (field co-founder), Gaming-the-system detectors, Algorithmic bias in education. - [Simon Buckingham Shum](https://simon.buckinghamshum.net/) (Professor of Learning Informatics, University of Technology Sydney). Researcher who studies human-centered learning analytics and AI. He led UTS's Connected Intelligence Centre, which built tools such as AcaWriter for automated feedback on academic writing, and writes on how analytics should support reflection and judgment rather than just measurement. Known for: Human-centered learning analytics, AcaWriter writing feedback, Connected Intelligence Centre. - [Tiffany Barnes](https://csc.ncsu.edu/people/tmbarnes/) (Distinguished Professor of Computer Science, North Carolina State University). Computer scientist who uses data mining to generate automatic hints in tutors, such as hints built from past students' solution paths in logic and programming. She also studies games for computing education and how to broaden participation in computing. Her work shows how data from past students can give new students timely hints without hand-writing every one. Known for: Data-driven hint generation, Educational data mining, Games for computing education. #### Edtech history and critique - [Larry Cuban](https://ed.stanford.edu/faculty/cuban) (Professor Emeritus of Education, Stanford University). Historian of education and former teacher and superintendent whose books, including Teachers and Machines and Oversold and Underused, document how classroom technologies from film to computers repeatedly failed to change teaching as promised. He blogs on school reform and classroom practice. Known for: Teachers and Machines (1986), Oversold and Underused (2001), Tinkering Toward Utopia (1995, with David Tyack). - [Neil Selwyn](https://research.monash.edu/en/persons/neil-selwyn) (Distinguished Professor, Monash University). Sociologist of education technology who examines the gap between edtech promises and classroom realities. His books, including Should Robots Replace Teachers? and Is Technology Good for Education?, ask who benefits from digital education and what is lost. His work is a counterweight to optimistic claims about AI tutors and data-driven schooling. Known for: Should Robots Replace Teachers? (2019), Is Technology Good for Education? (2016), Critical edtech studies. - [Seymour Papert](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seymour_Papert) (Mathematician and educator, MIT (1928-2016)). Mathematician and computer scientist who co-created the Logo programming language for children and developed constructionism, the idea that children learn best by building things they care about. His book Mindstorms shaped educational computing, Scratch and the maker movement. He died in 2016. Known for: Logo, Mindstorms (1980), Constructionism. #### Games, making and learning - [Constance Steinkuehler](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constance_Steinkuehler) (Professor of Informatics, University of California, Irvine). Games researcher who studied learning and scientific reasoning in online games such as World of Warcraft. She served as a senior policy analyst on games in the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy and has led research on esports and youth. Known for: Learning in massively multiplayer games, White House OSTP games policy work, Scholastic esports research. - [Douglas B. Clark](https://profiles.ucalgary.ca/douglas-clark) (Professor, Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary). Learning scientist who led a widely cited 2016 meta-analysis of digital games for learning. It found games can beat non-game instruction on average, especially when well designed. He studies how game design supports science understanding. The meta-analysis is often cited when people ask whether learning games actually work. Known for: Digital Games, Design, and Learning meta-analysis (2016), Games for science learning. - [Eric Klopfer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Klopfer) (Professor and Director, Scheller Teacher Education Program and The Education Arcade, MIT). Researcher who studies and builds games and simulations for science and math learning, such as StarLogo Nova, and augmented-reality games. He co-wrote Resonant Games and leads teacher education and AI education projects at MIT. His lab's free games and simulations let students experiment with complex systems such as ecosystems and epidemics. Known for: StarLogo Nova, The Education Arcade, Resonant Games (2018, co-author). - [James Paul Gee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Paul_Gee) (Retired; most recently Mary Lou Fulton Presidential Professor of Literacy Studies, Arizona State University). Linguist and literacy scholar whose book What Video Games Have to Teach Us About Learning and Literacy argued that good games embody strong learning principles, such as just-in-time information and well-ordered problems. He helped launch games-and-learning research and writes about literacy as social practice. Known for: What Video Games Have to Teach Us About Learning and Literacy (2003), Affinity spaces, Discourse analysis. - [Katie Salen Tekinbaş](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katie_Salen) (Professor of Informatics, University of California, Irvine). Game designer and educator who co-wrote Rules of Play, a standard game design text. She led the design of Quest to Learn, a public school in New York built around game-like learning, and co-founded Connected Camps, which runs online Minecraft camps for kids. Known for: Rules of Play (2003, with Eric Zimmerman), Quest to Learn school, Connected Camps. - [Kurt Squire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurt_Squire) (Professor of Informatics, University of California, Irvine). Games-and-learning researcher who studied how players learn history and geography through Civilization and co-founded the Games, Learning and Society group at Wisconsin. He wrote Video Games and Learning and has built games for science and public health. His work helped show that commercial games can be used as serious learning tools in classrooms. Known for: Video Games and Learning (2011), Civilization in classrooms research, Games, Learning and Society (co-founder). - [Paulo Blikstein](https://tltlab.org/) (Director, Transformative Learning Technologies Lab, Teachers College, Columbia University). Learning scientist who directs the Transformative Learning Technologies Lab. He founded FabLearn, which brings digital fabrication and maker spaces into schools, and studies constructionist learning with computers and hands-on building. He co-wrote a 2026 MIT Press book with Deborah Fields on constructionist learning in Thailand, and argues that making and coding projects give children ownership of what they learn. Known for: FabLearn, Transformative Learning Technologies Lab, Constructionism and maker education. - [Sandra L. Calvert](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandra_L._Calvert) (Professor of Psychology, Georgetown University; Director, Children's Digital Media Center). Developmental psychologist who studies how children learn from media, including from on-screen characters they form "parasocial" bonds with, and now from AI agents and smart speakers. She chaired the American Psychological Association's task force on violent media. Her current work on how children learn from and relate to AI characters and voice assistants bears directly on AI products for kids. Known for: Children's Digital Media Center, Parasocial relationships with media characters, Children learning from AI agents. - [Valerie J. Shute](https://myweb.fsu.edu/vshute/) (Professor Emerita, Florida State University). Researcher who developed stealth assessment, measuring skills like persistence and problem solving from how students play a game rather than with a separate test. Her work with the physics game Physics Playground tested this approach. Stealth assessment matters for any learning game that wants to measure progress without interrupting play. Known for: Stealth assessment, Physics Playground, Formative feedback review (2008). - [Yasmin Kafai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasmin_Kafai) (Professor of Learning Sciences, University of Pennsylvania Graduate School of Education). Learning scientist who studies children's game design, coding and making, including electronic textiles. She was part of the team that developed Scratch and co-wrote Connected Code, on programming as a social and creative practice. Her research shows children learn computing deeply when they design games and projects for others. Known for: Scratch (development team), Connected Code (2014, with Quinn Burke), Electronic textiles in computing education. #### Children, media and screens - [Alexis Hiniker](https://ischool.uw.edu/people/faculty/profile/alexisr) (Associate Professor, University of Washington Information School). Human-computer interaction researcher who directs the User Empowerment Lab. She studies how apps, video platforms and AI shape children's and families' experiences, including design that pulls people into compulsive use, and builds tools that help users regain control. Her research covers child and teen well-being and human-AI interaction. Known for: User Empowerment Lab, design for digital well-being, children and media design. - [Amy Orben](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amy_Orben) (Group Leader, MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge). Experimental psychologist who studies how digital technology relates to adolescent mental health. Her 2019 study with Andrew Przybylski used specification curve analysis on large datasets and found only a very small average link between technology use and teen well-being. Later work explores whether some ages are more sensitive to social media. She won the inaugural Medical Research Council Impact Prize in 2023. Known for: specification curve analysis of screen time, developmental windows for social media. - [Andrew Przybylski](https://www.oii.ox.ac.uk/people/profiles/andrew-przybylski/) (Professor of Human Behaviour and Technology, Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford). Research psychologist who studies motivation, health and well-being in the digital age, including video games and screen time. Using large datasets and open-science methods, his studies often find small or inconsistent links between screen use and young people's well-being, and he has questioned treating gaming or social media as addictions without stronger evidence. Known for: Goldilocks hypothesis of screen use, video game and well-being research, open science. - [Angela Santomero](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angela_Santomero) (Children's television creator and producer). Producer who co-created Blue's Clues and created Super Why! and Daniel Tiger's Neighborhood. Her shows are known for using child development research to shape their format, such as Blue's Clues' pauses that invite viewers to answer and Daniel Tiger's songs for managing feelings. Known for: Blue's Clues, Super Why!, Daniel Tiger's Neighborhood. - [Candice Odgers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candice_Odgers) (Professor of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine). Developmental psychologist who studies adolescent mental health and digital technology. She is a prominent critic of claims that smartphones and social media are the main cause of rising teen mental health problems; her 2024 review of The Anxious Generation in Nature argued the evidence for causation is weak, part of a lively public debate with Jonathan Haidt and others. Known for: adolescent mental health research, 2024 Nature review of The Anxious Generation. - [Carrie James](https://pz.harvard.edu/who-we-are/people/carrie-james) (Co-Director, Project Zero, Harvard Graduate School of Education; Co-founder, Center for Digital Thriving). Sociologist who studies young people's experiences growing up with technology, including ethics, privacy and digital citizenship. She co-wrote Behind Their Screens with Emily Weinstein and wrote Disconnected on youth, new media and the ethics gap, and co-directs Harvard's Project Zero. Known for: Behind Their Screens, Disconnected, Center for Digital Thriving. - [danah boyd](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danah_boyd) (Professor of Communication, Cornell University (as of 2026); Partner Researcher, Microsoft Research). Technology scholar and founder of the Data & Society Research Institute. Her book It's Complicated, based on years of interviews with teenagers, argued that teens use social media to find public space and social connection, and that adult panic often misreads their lives online. She also writes about data, algorithms and the census. Known for: It's Complicated, Data & Society, youth and social media. - [Daniel R. Anderson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_R._Anderson) (Professor Emeritus of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Amherst). Psychologist whose research showed that young children watch television actively, paying attention to what they can understand. He advised on Blue's Clues, Dora the Explorer, Bear in the Big Blue House and other shows, and his long-term studies linked preschool educational television viewing with later school outcomes. Known for: children's attention to television, Blue's Clues research, educational TV long-term studies. - [David Buckingham](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Buckingham_(academic)) (Media and education scholar (retired)). English scholar of children, media and media education. His books, including After the Death of Childhood, argue against both panic and hype about children's media, and he has long advocated teaching critical media literacy in schools. He was a longtime professor in the UK and has written widely on children as media users, consumers and creators. Known for: After the Death of Childhood, media education. - [Delaney Ruston](https://www.screenagersmovie.com/about-screenagers) (Physician and filmmaker, Screenagers). Physician and documentary filmmaker who created Screenagers: Growing Up in the Digital Age, a film about how screen use affects family life, learning and mental health that has been shown widely in schools and communities. Follow-up films and her blog and podcast offer practical strategies for families. Known for: Screenagers, Screenagers Next Chapter. - [Devorah Heitner](https://www.devorahheitner.com/) (Author and speaker on kids and technology). Writer and speaker whose books Screenwise and Growing Up in Public urge parents to mentor children through digital life rather than rely mainly on monitoring and surveillance. She focuses on helping kids build judgment about privacy, reputation and relationships online. Known for: Screenwise, Growing Up in Public, mentoring over monitoring. - [Diane Levin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diane_Levin) (Professor of education and author on children and media). Educator and longtime professor at Wheelock College in Boston who writes about the effects of media and commercial culture on young children's play and development. With Jean Kilbourne she wrote So Sexy So Soon, about the sexualization of childhood, and she has long advocated for play-based early education. Known for: So Sexy So Soon, media and children's play. - [Dimitri Christakis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimitri_Christakis) (George Adkins Professor of Pediatrics, University of Washington; Editor-in-Chief, JAMA Pediatrics). Pediatrician and researcher who directs the Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development at Seattle Children's Research Institute. His early studies linking heavy television viewing in toddlers to later attention problems, and his work on fast-paced media, helped shape pediatric screen-time advice. He became editor-in-chief of JAMA Pediatrics in 2018. Known for: early TV and attention research, JAMA Pediatrics, Media and Young Minds (AAP). - [Ellen Wartella](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellen_Wartella) (Professor of Communication and Director, Center on Media and Human Development, Northwestern University). Leading scholar of media's role in children's development. Her center at Northwestern has studied how parents of young children use and think about media, and her research has informed children's media policy for decades. She has written and edited many books and reports on children and media, and is a frequent adviser to policymakers and researchers on how media shapes young lives. Known for: Center on Media and Human Development, parenting in the digital age research. - [Emily Weinstein](https://pz.harvard.edu/who-we-are/people/emily-weinstein) (Co-founder and Co-Director, Center for Digital Thriving, Harvard Project Zero). Developmental psychologist whose research centers young people's own accounts of growing up with technology. With Carrie James she wrote Behind Their Screens, based on surveys of thousands of teens, and the Center for Digital Thriving turns findings into resources that help adults support teens' digital agency and well-being. Known for: Behind Their Screens, Center for Digital Thriving. - [Henry Jenkins](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Jenkins) (Provost Professor of Communication, Journalism, and Cinematic Arts, University of Southern California). Media scholar best known for the idea of 'participatory culture.' His MacArthur-funded white paper on the challenges of participatory culture laid out the media literacy skills young people need, and his books on fan culture and convergence shaped how researchers think about young people as media makers, not just consumers. Known for: participatory culture, Convergence Culture, new media literacies. - [Jacqueline Nesi](https://vivo.brown.edu/display/jnesi) (Associate Professor of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University). Clinical psychologist who studies how social media relates to adolescents' mental health, including depression and suicide risk. She is known to parents for her Techno Sapiens newsletter, which translates research on kids and technology into practical guidance. Her studies follow teens' actual social media experiences over time to understand who is helped or harmed and why. Known for: Techno Sapiens newsletter, social media and teen mental health research. - [Jason Yip](https://ischool.uw.edu/people/faculty/profile/jcyip) (Associate Professor, University of Washington Information School). Researcher who designs technology with children rather than just for them. He leads intergenerational co-design work in which kids act as design partners, and studies how families search, learn and use technology together, including AI tools. He is also a senior research fellow at the Joan Ganz Cooney Center. Known for: KidsTeam UW, co-design with children, families and technology. - [Jean Twenge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Twenge) (Professor of Psychology, San Diego State University). Psychologist who studies generational differences. Her 2017 Atlantic article and book iGen argued that smartphones were a likely cause of sharp increases in teen depression and loneliness after about 2012. She has since written Generations and a 2025 book of rules for raising kids in a high-tech world. Her claims are widely cited and also contested by researchers who see the evidence as correlational. Known for: iGen, Generations, 10 Rules for Raising Kids in a High-Tech World. - [Jenny Radesky](https://www.aap.org/en/patient-care/media-and-children/center-of-excellence-on-social-media-and-youth-mental-health/) (Developmental-behavioral pediatrician, University of Michigan; Co-Medical Director, AAP Center of Excellence on Social Media and Youth Mental Health). Pediatrician and researcher whose studies look at how parents' phone use affects family interaction and how children's apps are designed, including ads and manipulative features aimed at young users. She co-led the American Academy of Pediatrics' 2016 'Media and Young Minds' policy and helps lead the AAP's center on social media and youth mental health, which shifts advice from screen-time limits toward overall well-being. Known for: Media and Young Minds (AAP), parent phone use research, design of children's apps, AAP Center of Excellence. - [Joan Ganz Cooney](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Ganz_Cooney) (Co-founder, Sesame Workshop). Television producer who co-founded the Children's Television Workshop, now Sesame Workshop, and co-created Sesame Street, which debuted in 1969. The show became a model for research-based educational media for young children around the world. Sesame Workshop's Joan Ganz Cooney Center on children and digital media is named for her. Known for: Sesame Street, Children's Television Workshop. - [Jonathan Haidt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan_Haidt) (Thomas Cooley Professor of Ethical Leadership, NYU Stern School of Business). Social psychologist whose 2024 bestseller The Anxious Generation argues that the shift to phone-based childhood drove a rise in youth anxiety and depression. He proposes four norms: no smartphones before high school, no social media before 16, phone-free schools and more childhood independence. The book fueled a global movement and phone-free school policies, and its causal claims are actively debated by other researchers. Known for: The Anxious Generation, four norms, The Coddling of the American Mind, Let Grow co-founder. - [Julie Kientz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julie_Kientz) (Professor of Human Centered Design & Engineering, University of Washington). Computer scientist who studies how technology can support health, parenting and child development. Her research includes tools that help parents track developmental milestones and studies of how families set rules for technology at home, with a focus on designing for real family needs. Known for: technology for tracking child development, family technology rules research. - [Katie Davis](https://ischool.uw.edu/people/faculty/profile/kdavis78) (Professor, University of Washington Information School; Co-Director, UW Center for Digital Youth). Researcher who studies how digital technologies affect young people's learning, development and well-being, now including teens' emotional interactions with AI chatbots. Her book Technology's Child offers a developmental guide to which technologies help children at different ages, and she co-wrote The App Generation with Howard Gardner. Known for: Technology's Child, The App Generation, UW Center for Digital Youth. - [Kris Perry](https://www.childrenandscreens.org/about/who-we-are/staff/) (Executive Director, Children and Screens: Institute of Digital Media and Child Development). Leader of Children and Screens, a nonprofit founded in 2013 that funds and convenes research on how digital media affects child development and shares it with parents, clinicians and policymakers through free webinars and briefs. She speaks frequently on social media, AI and children's policy. Known for: Children and Screens, Ask the Experts webinars. - [Lisa Guernsey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisa_Guernsey) (Director, Learning Technologies Project, New America). Early education researcher and former journalist whose book Screen Time (first titled Into the Minds of Babes) introduced the 'three Cs' framework: consider the content, the context and the individual child. With Michael Levine she wrote Tap, Click, Read on raising readers in a world of screens. At New America she writes about early learning policy and educational technology. Known for: Screen Time, the three Cs, Tap, Click, Read. - [Megan Moreno](https://www.pediatrics.wisc.edu/staff/moreno-megan/) (Professor of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison). Adolescent medicine physician and researcher who leads the Social Media and Adolescent Health Research Team. She studies how teens' social media use relates to health and how to promote positive use, and she co-directs the American Academy of Pediatrics' Center of Excellence on Social Media and Youth Mental Health. Known for: Social Media and Adolescent Health Research Team, AAP Center of Excellence. - [Michael H. Levine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_H._Levine) (Founding Executive Director, Joan Ganz Cooney Center at Sesame Workshop). Children's media and policy leader who founded the Joan Ganz Cooney Center, Sesame Workshop's research and innovation lab on children and digital media. He later led learning and social impact work at Nickelodeon's Noggin early learning service, and co-wrote Tap, Click, Read with Lisa Guernsey. Known for: Joan Ganz Cooney Center, Tap, Click, Read, Noggin. - [Michael Rich](https://digitalwellnesslab.org/team/) (Founder and Director, Digital Wellness Lab, Boston Children's Hospital). Pediatrician known as the 'Mediatrician' who founded the Center on Media and Child Health at Boston Children's Hospital in 2003, which grew into the Digital Wellness Lab in 2021. He studies how media affects children's health and treats young people with problematic interactive media use. Known for: Digital Wellness Lab, Center on Media and Child Health, the Mediatrician. - [Michael Robb](https://www.commonsensemedia.org/bio/michael-robb) (Head of Research, Common Sense Media (as of 2025)). Developmental psychologist who leads research at Common Sense Media, including reports on how children and teens use media and technology. His team's recent work covers teens' use of generative AI and AI companions as well as long-running surveys of kids' screen habits, which are often cited by journalists, schools and policymakers. Known for: Common Sense Media research reports, teens and AI surveys. - [Mitch Prinstein](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitch_Prinstein) (Chief of Psychology Strategy and Integration, American Psychological Association). Clinical psychologist and former director of clinical psychology at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill who studies adolescent peer relationships and popularity. As APA's former chief science officer he became a leading voice on social media and teen brain development, testifying before the U.S. Senate. His book Popular explores how status shapes our lives. Known for: Popular, APA health advisory on social media use in adolescence, adolescent peer research. - [Mizuko Ito](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mizuko_Ito) (Professor in Residence and MacArthur Chair in Digital Media and Learning, University of California, Irvine). Cultural anthropologist and learning scientist who directs UC Irvine's Connected Learning Lab. Her team's study Hanging Out, Messing Around, and Geeking Out described how young people learn through digital media and shared interests, and she helped develop the 'connected learning' model that links young people's interests, peers and opportunities. Known for: Hanging Out, Messing Around, and Geeking Out, connected learning, Connected Learning Lab. - [Pete Etchells](https://www.bathspa.ac.uk/our-people/peter-etchells/) (Professor of Psychology and Science Communication, Bath Spa University). Psychologist who studies the behavioral effects of video games and other digital technology, and how such research is covered in the news. His books Lost in a Good Game and Unlocked: The Real Science of Screen Time argue that public fears about screens often run ahead of the evidence. Known for: Lost in a Good Game, Unlocked: The Real Science of Screen Time. - [Rosemarie Truglio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosemarie_Truglio) (Longtime Senior Vice President for Curriculum and Content, Sesame Workshop). Developmental psychologist who for decades led the educational curriculum and research behind Sesame Street. She co-edited G is for Growing, a collection of research on the show's effects, and wrote Ready for School! for parents. Her work is a leading example of building children's television from research. Known for: Sesame Street curriculum, G is for Growing, Ready for School!. - [Sarah Coyne](https://familylife.byu.edu/directory/sarah-coyne) (Professor and Associate Director, School of Family Life, Brigham Young University). Researcher who studies the effects of media on children and families, including video games, social media and gender stereotypes in media. She works on the Flourishing Families Project, a long-running study of family life, and her widely covered 2016 study looked at how Disney princess media relates to young children's gender-stereotyped behavior. Known for: Flourishing Families Project, Disney princess study, media and family research. - [Sherry Turkle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherry_Turkle) (Abby Rockefeller Mauzé Professor of the Social Studies of Science and Technology, MIT). Sociologist and psychologist who has studied people's relationships with computers since the 1980s. Alone Together and Reclaiming Conversation argue that constant connection can erode empathy and face-to-face talk. She now writes about 'artificial intimacy,' warning that chatbots and AI companions offer the feeling of being understood without real relationship, a concern she applies especially to children. Known for: The Second Self, Alone Together, Reclaiming Conversation, artificial intimacy. - [Sonia Livingstone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonia_Livingstone) (Professor of Social Psychology, London School of Economics and Political Science). Leading scholar of children's rights and digital media. She has directed large comparative studies of children's online risks and opportunities, led the Digital Futures Commission with the 5Rights Foundation, and advised the UK government, the European Commission and the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child. Her work stresses balancing protection with children's rights to participate online. Known for: EU Kids Online, Digital Futures Commission, Parenting for a Digital Future, The Class. - Tiffany Munzer (Developmental-behavioral pediatrician and researcher, University of Michigan Medical School). Pediatrician who studies how digital media shapes interaction between parents and young children. Her studies comparing reading print books with electronic and enhanced e-books found that parents and toddlers talked less with each other during e-book reading, a finding widely used in guidance about early reading and screens. Known for: print vs. electronic book reading studies, parent-child interaction and media. - [Vicky Rideout](https://www.vjrconsulting.com/) (President, VJR Consulting). Researcher who has led many of the best-known national surveys of how children and teens use media. While at the Kaiser Family Foundation she directed the Generation M studies, and she later authored Common Sense Media census reports on kids' and teens' media use and studies of young people, digital media and mental health. Known for: Generation M studies, Common Sense Census, youth media use surveys. - [Yalda T. Uhls](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yalda_Uhls) (Founder, Center for Scholars & Storytellers, UCLA). Developmental psychologist and former film studio executive who studies media's effects on adolescents. Her center connects researchers with Hollywood storytellers to create media that supports young people's well-being, and her book Media Moms & Digital Dads offers research-based advice to parents. Known for: Center for Scholars & Storytellers, Media Moms & Digital Dads. - [Zach Rausch](https://www.anxiousgeneration.com/about) (Chief Researcher, Tech and Society Lab, New York University). Researcher who works with Jonathan Haidt and served as lead researcher on The Anxious Generation. At NYU's Tech and Society Lab and through the Anxious Generation movement, he compiles and analyzes international data on youth mental health and technology and writes about the evidence for general readers. Known for: The Anxious Generation (lead researcher), Tech and Society Lab. #### Child development and play - [Adele Diamond](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adele_Diamond) (Professor of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, University of British Columbia). Neuroscientist and Canada Research Chair known for research on executive functions: the skills of self-control, working memory and flexible thinking. Her studies of programs that build these skills in young children, including a well-known 2007 study of the Tools of the Mind curriculum, are widely cited in early education. Known for: executive functions, Tools of the Mind research. - [Alison Gopnik](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alison_Gopnik) (Professor of Psychology and Affiliate Professor of Philosophy, University of California, Berkeley). Developmental psychologist who studies how babies and young children learn about the world, especially causal learning and theory of mind. Her popular books argue that children are natural explorers and that parents do best as gardeners rather than carpenters. She also writes about AI, arguing that large language models are better seen as cultural technologies than as minds, and compares how children and AI systems learn. Known for: The Scientist in the Crib, The Philosophical Baby, The Gardener and the Carpenter, AI as cultural technology. - [Andrew N. Meltzoff](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_N._Meltzoff) (Professor of Psychology and Co-Director, Institute for Learning & Brain Sciences, University of Washington). Developmental psychologist known for showing that newborns can imitate facial and hand gestures, a finding that changed how scientists think about early social learning. His research covers imitation, social cognition and how children learn from others. He co-wrote The Scientist in the Crib with Alison Gopnik and Patricia Kuhl. Known for: infant imitation, social learning, The Scientist in the Crib. - [Angeline Lillard](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angeline_Lillard) (Professor of Psychology, University of Virginia). Developmental psychologist who directs UVA's Early Development Laboratory and is the best-known researcher on Montessori education. She also studies pretend play. A widely cited 2011 study she co-led found that 4-year-olds did worse on attention and self-control tasks right after watching a fast-paced cartoon than after an educational show or drawing. Known for: Montessori: The Science Behind the Genius, pretend play research, fast-paced cartoon study. - [Dana Suskind](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dana_Suskind) (Professor of Surgery and Pediatrics, University of Chicago; Founder and Co-Director, TMW Center for Early Learning + Public Health). Pediatric cochlear implant surgeon who became a leading advocate for early language. Her book Thirty Million Words popularized research on the importance of parent talk in the first years, and her TMW Center develops programs that help parents build children's brains through everyday conversation. Her later book Parent Nation argues for stronger public support for families. Known for: Thirty Million Words, Parent Nation, TMW Center. - [Ellen Galinsky](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellen_Galinsky) (Co-founder and President, Families and Work Institute). Author and researcher on family life, child care and child development. Her book Mind in the Making identified seven essential life skills for children, and The Breakthrough Years (2024) draws on interviews with young people about adolescence. Her work bridges research and practical advice for parents and educators. Known for: Mind in the Making, The Breakthrough Years, Families and Work Institute. - [Erika Christakis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erika_Christakis) (Early childhood educator and author). Early childhood educator and writer whose book The Importance of Being Little argues that preschool has become too focused on academics and testing at the expense of play, conversation and relationships. She writes for general audiences on early learning and what young children need from adults. Known for: The Importance of Being Little. - Judith Danovitch (Developmental psychologist, University of Louisville). Researcher who studies how children think about knowledge and expertise, including how they evaluate information from the internet, search engines and voice assistants. Her studies of whether children trust and learn from devices such as smart speakers are part of a growing field on children's reasoning about technology as a source of information. Known for: children's trust in the internet, children and voice assistants, reasoning about expertise. - [Kathleen Corriveau](https://www.bu.edu/wheelock/profile/kathleen-corriveau/) (Professor and Associate Dean for Faculty Affairs, Boston University Wheelock College of Education & Human Development). Developmental psychologist who directs the Social Learning Laboratory at BU Wheelock. Her research focuses on how trust develops in early childhood: how young children decide whom to learn from and believe, and how culture and context shape those choices. The work bears directly on how children learn from new sources such as devices and AI. Known for: Social Learning Laboratory, selective trust in early childhood. - [Kathy Hirsh-Pasek](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kathy_Hirsh-Pasek) (Stanley and Debra Lefkowitz Professor of Psychology, Temple University; Senior Fellow, Brookings Institution). Developmental psychologist who directs Temple's Infant Language Laboratory and is a leading voice for playful learning. With Roberta Golinkoff she wrote books arguing that young children learn best through guided play rather than drills, and proposed the 'six Cs' of skills for success. She also studies how apps and digital media can support or undercut early learning, and is a senior fellow at Brookings' Center for Universal Education. Known for: Einstein Never Used Flash Cards, Becoming Brilliant, playful learning, the six Cs. - [Laura Schulz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laura_Schulz) (Professor of Cognitive Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology). Cognitive scientist who leads MIT's Early Childhood Cognition Lab. Her experiments show how young children explore, test ideas and learn cause and effect through play, behaving in some ways like small scientists. Her work on curiosity and exploratory play is often cited in discussions of how children learn and how machines might learn more like them. Known for: Early Childhood Cognition Lab, exploratory play, causal learning. - [Lenore Skenazy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenore_Skenazy) (Co-founder, Let Grow). Writer and advocate for childhood independence. Her 2008 column about letting a 9-year-old ride the New York subway alone drew national attention and led to her book and movement Free-Range Kids. Through Let Grow she promotes school programs and state 'reasonable childhood independence' laws that give kids more unsupervised time and responsibility. Known for: Free-Range Kids, Let Grow, Let Grow Experience. - [Marina Umaschi Bers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marina_Umaschi_Bers) (Augustus Long Professor of Education, Boston College). Learning scientist who directs the DevTech Research Group, which she started at Tufts University in 2001. She co-created ScratchJr, a free coding app for children ages 5 to 7, and developed the KIBO robot kit for early childhood. Her books argue that coding can be a playground for young children and a new kind of literacy. Known for: ScratchJr, KIBO robot, Coding as a Playground, DevTech Research Group. - [Patricia K. Kuhl](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patricia_K._Kuhl) (Professor of Speech and Hearing Sciences and Co-Director, Institute for Learning & Brain Sciences, University of Washington). Researcher on how infants learn language and how the brain supports it. Her widely cited studies found that babies learned the sounds of a new language from a live speaker but not from the same material on video or audio, which led to her idea that early language learning is 'socially gated.' The work is often cited in debates about screens for babies. Known for: infant language learning, social gating, live vs. video learning studies, The Scientist in the Crib. - [Paul L. Harris](https://www.gse.harvard.edu/directory/faculty/paul-harris) (Victor S. Thomas Professor of Education, Harvard Graduate School of Education). Developmental psychologist who studies cognition, emotion and imagination in early childhood. His book Trusting What You're Told examines how children decide whom to believe when they learn from other people, a question that now extends to how children treat information from search engines, voice assistants and chatbots. Known for: Trusting What You're Told, The Work of the Imagination, children's trust in testimony. - [Peter Gray](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Gray_(psychologist)) (Research Professor of Psychology, Boston College). Psychologist known for research and writing on the role of free play and self-directed learning in children's development. He argues that declining childhood independence has harmed children's well-being, and in a 2026 Atlantic essay he questioned whether phones and social media are the main causes of rising youth anxiety. He co-founded the nonprofit Let Grow in 2017. Known for: Free to Learn, self-directed education, Let Grow co-founder. - [Rachel Barr](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rachel_Barr) (Professor of Psychology, Georgetown University). Developmental psychologist who directs Georgetown's Early Learning Project. She studies how infants and toddlers learn and remember, including the 'transfer deficit': young children often learn less from a screen demonstration than from a live one. Her research on co-viewing and parent talk around media informs advice on how families can make screen time more useful for very young children. Known for: Early Learning Project, transfer deficit, infant memory and imitation. - [Richard Louv](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Louv) (Author and journalist; co-founder, Children & Nature Network). Writer best known for Last Child in the Woods, which coined the phrase 'nature-deficit disorder' to describe the costs of children spending less time outdoors. The book helped spark a movement to reconnect children with nature through schools, parks and family life, and is often cited alongside screen-time debates. Known for: Last Child in the Woods, nature-deficit disorder, Children & Nature Network. - [Roberta Michnick Golinkoff](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberta_Michnick_Golinkoff) (Unidel H. Rodney Sharp Chair, School of Education, University of Delaware). Developmental scientist who founded and directs the Child's Play, Learning, and Development Laboratory at the University of Delaware. She studies early language, literacy and spatial learning, and with longtime collaborator Kathy Hirsh-Pasek has written widely read books for parents on why play and conversation matter more than flash cards in the early years. Known for: Einstein Never Used Flash Cards, Becoming Brilliant, Child's Play, Learning, and Development Lab. - [Sarah-Jayne Blakemore](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarah-Jayne_Blakemore) (Professor of Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Cambridge). Neuroscientist who studies how the brain develops during adolescence, especially the social brain. Her book Inventing Ourselves explains adolescence to general readers. She co-authored a 2022 study with Amy Orben and colleagues suggesting there may be ages in adolescence when heavy social media use is more strongly linked to lower life satisfaction. Known for: Inventing Ourselves, adolescent social brain, developmental windows for social media. - [Stuart Brown](https://www.nifplay.org/about/) (Founder, National Institute for Play). Psychiatrist and play researcher who founded the National Institute for Play to promote play as a public health need across the lifespan. His book Play, written with Christopher Vaughan, argues that play shapes the brain and helps people of all ages flourish, and his frameworks on play styles are used by educators and parents. Known for: National Institute for Play, Play (book), play personalities. #### Teacher practice and assessment - [Barak Rosenshine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barak_Rosenshine) (Educational psychologist, University of Illinois (1930-2017)). Educational researcher who summarized research on effective teaching in "Principles of Instruction" (2012). It lists practices such as daily review, small steps, checking for understanding and guided practice, and is widely shared with teachers. He died in 2017. The principles first appeared in the International Academy of Education's practice series and are now staples of teacher training. Known for: Principles of Instruction (2012), Direct instruction research. - [Daniel Koretz](https://www.gse.harvard.edu/directory/faculty/daniel-koretz) (Henry Lee Shattuck Research Professor of Education, Harvard Graduate School of Education). Testing expert whose books Measuring Up and The Testing Charade explain what test scores can and cannot show, and argue that high-stakes accountability led to score inflation and teaching to the test. His work explains why rising scores on high-stakes tests do not always mean students learned more. Known for: The Testing Charade (2017), Measuring Up (2008), Score inflation research. - [Dylan Wiliam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dylan_Wiliam) (Emeritus Professor of Educational Assessment, UCL Institute of Education). Assessment researcher who, with Paul Black, wrote Inside the Black Box (1998), the review that made "formative assessment" a core idea in schools: using classroom evidence of learning to adjust teaching. His book Embedded Formative Assessment is widely used in teacher training. Known for: Inside the Black Box (1998, with Paul Black), Embedded Formative Assessment (2011), Assessment for learning. - [Eric Mazur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Mazur) (Professor of Physics and Applied Physics, Harvard University). Physicist who developed Peer Instruction, in which students answer concept questions, discuss with neighbors and answer again. It became one of the most widely used active-learning methods. He co-founded Perusall, a social annotation platform for course readings. Peer Instruction is often cited in research showing that active learning beats traditional lecture. Known for: Peer Instruction (1997), Perusall (co-founder), Active learning in physics. - [Heather C. Hill](https://www.gse.harvard.edu/directory/faculty/heather-hill) (Hazen-Nicoli Professor in Teacher Learning and Practice, Harvard Graduate School of Education). Researcher who studies teacher quality and professional learning in math. She developed the Mathematical Quality of Instruction (MQI) observation tool and co-led meta-analyses of which kinds of teacher professional development and curriculum supports improve student learning. Her research is a key source on which kinds of teacher training actually improve student learning. Known for: Mathematical Quality of Instruction (MQI), Teacher professional development research, Mathematical knowledge for teaching measures. - [John Hattie](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Hattie) (Professor of Education, Melbourne Graduate School of Education, University of Melbourne). Education researcher known for Visible Learning (2008), which ranked hundreds of influences on achievement by combining meta-analyses into effect sizes. It is hugely popular with schools, and statisticians have criticized its method of averaging very different studies. He chaired the Australian Institute for Teaching and School Leadership. Known for: Visible Learning (2008), Effect size rankings, Australian Institute for Teaching and School Leadership (former chair). - [Lee Shulman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_Shulman) (Educational psychologist, Stanford University (1938-2024)). Educational psychologist who introduced "pedagogical content knowledge," the idea that good teaching depends on knowing how to teach a particular subject, not just the subject or general methods. He led the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching. He died in 2024. Known for: Pedagogical content knowledge, Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching (president), Signature pedagogies. - [Linda Darling-Hammond](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linda_Darling-Hammond) (Charles E. Ducommun Professor of Education Emeritus, Stanford University; founding president, Learning Policy Institute). Education policy researcher who has written widely on teacher preparation, school equity and deeper learning. She founded the Learning Policy Institute, led the Obama transition team on education, and served as president of the California State Board of Education. Her policy work has shaped teacher licensing and preparation standards in many states. Known for: Learning Policy Institute (founding president), The Flat World and Education (2010), California State Board of Education (president). - [Pam Grossman](https://www.gse.upenn.edu/faculty/pam-grossman) (Professor of Education, University of Pennsylvania Graduate School of Education). Teacher-education researcher who studies how teachers learn their craft. Her work on "core practices" and on approximations of practice, where novices rehearse teaching in simpler settings, shaped teacher preparation. She was dean of Penn GSE from 2014 to 2023. She has also studied teacher preparation programs and English language arts teaching. Known for: Teaching Core Practices in Teacher Education (2018), PLATO observation protocol, Dean of Penn GSE (2014-2023). - [Robert J. Mislevy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_J._Mislevy) (Psychometrician, Educational Testing Service and University of Maryland (1950-2025)). Psychometrician who developed evidence-centered design, a framework for building assessments by linking what you want to know about a learner to the evidence a task can give. It underlies modern game-based and digital assessments, including stealth assessment. He died in 2025. Known for: Evidence-centered design, Sociocognitive Foundations of Educational Measurement (2018), NAEP plausible values methods. #### Motivation and mindsets - [Angela Duckworth](https://angeladuckworth.com/) (Rosa Lee and Egbert Chang Professor of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania). Psychologist who popularized grit, meaning passion and perseverance for long-term goals, in her book Grit. She co-founded Character Lab, which shares research-based tips with teachers and parents. Researchers have debated whether grit is distinct from conscientiousness and how much it predicts success. Known for: Grit (2016), Character Lab (co-founder), Behavior Change for Good Initiative. - [Carol Dweck](https://profiles.stanford.edu/carol-dweck) (Lewis and Virginia Eaton Professor of Psychology, Stanford University). Psychologist known for research on mindsets, the beliefs people hold about whether abilities can grow. Her book Mindset made "growth mindset" a household term in schools. Later large studies found small average effects from brief mindset programs, and researchers continue to debate how big and reliable the effects are. Known for: Mindset (2006), Growth mindset, Praise for effort versus ability studies. - [David S. Yeager](https://liberalarts.utexas.edu/psychology/faculty/yeagerds) (Raymond Dickson Centennial Professor of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin). Developmental psychologist who led the National Study of Learning Mindsets, a large randomized trial in US high schools that found a short online growth-mindset lesson modestly improved grades for lower-achieving students. His book 10 to 25 is about motivating adolescents through respect and high standards. Known for: National Study of Learning Mindsets (2019, Nature), 10 to 25 (2024), Wise interventions. - [Edward L. Deci](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_L._Deci) (Professor of Psychology, University of Rochester (1942-2026)). Psychologist who co-founded self-determination theory with Richard Ryan. His early experiments showed that paying people for an activity they enjoy can reduce their later interest in doing it. That finding is central to debates about rewards in learning apps. He died in 2026. Known for: Self-determination theory, Undermining effect of extrinsic rewards, Why We Do What We Do (1995). - [Geoffrey L. Cohen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoffrey_L._Cohen) (James G. March Professor of Organizational Studies in Education and Business, Stanford University). Social psychologist known for brief "values affirmation" writing exercises that in some school studies narrowed achievement gaps for students facing negative stereotypes. He wrote Belonging, on how small changes in situations can strengthen people's sense of fitting in. Replications of values affirmation have had mixed results, and researchers continue to study when and for whom it works. Known for: Values affirmation interventions, Belonging (2022), Wise feedback research. - [Gregory M. Walton](https://profiles.stanford.edu/greg-walton) (Professor of Psychology, Stanford University). Social psychologist who studies belonging. His brief interventions teach students that worries about fitting in are common and fade, and trials found they improved outcomes for disadvantaged students in college. He helped found the College Transition Collaborative. His work is part of a set of "wise interventions" that target how students interpret their experiences in school. Known for: Social-belonging intervention, Wise interventions (with Timothy Wilson), College Transition Collaborative. - [Jacquelynne Eccles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacquelynne_Eccles) (Distinguished Professor of Education, University of California, Irvine). Educational psychologist who developed expectancy-value theory with colleagues. It explains students' choices by how well they expect to do and how much they value a task, and it is widely used to study why girls and boys choose different subjects such as math and science. Known for: Expectancy-value theory, Gender and STEM choices, Stage-environment fit in adolescence. - [Richard M. Ryan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_M._Ryan) (Professor, Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University). Psychologist who co-founded self-determination theory with Edward Deci. The theory holds that people are most motivated when their needs for autonomy, competence and relatedness are met. It is widely used to judge whether rewards, points and badges help or undermine motivation in school and games. Known for: Self-determination theory (with Edward Deci), Glued to Games (2011, with Scott Rigby). #### Early childhood and child development - [Dana L. Suskind](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dana_L._Suskind) (Professor of Surgery and Pediatrics, University of Chicago). Pediatric surgeon who founded the TMW Center for Early Learning + Public Health. Her book Thirty Million Words urges parents to talk with babies, and her later book Parent Nation argues for policies that support families in the early years. Known for: Thirty Million Words (2015), Parent Nation (2022), TMW Center for Early Learning + Public Health. - [Elizabeth Spelke](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Spelke) (Professor of Psychology, Harvard University). Cognitive psychologist known for research on "core knowledge," the basic systems infants use for objects, number, space and people. Her group has tested early math games in India and elsewhere that build on these intuitions to prepare children for school math. Known for: Core knowledge theory, Infant cognition research, Early math games trials. - [Jack P. Shonkoff](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Shonkoff) (Julius B. Richmond FAMRI Professor of Child Health and Development, Harvard University). Pediatrician who directs Harvard's Center on the Developing Child. He co-chaired the committee behind From Neurons to Neighborhoods and popularized ideas such as "serve and return" interaction and "toxic stress" in early childhood policy. The center's videos and briefs are widely used by parents and policymakers to explain early brain development. Known for: Center on the Developing Child, From Neurons to Neighborhoods (2000, co-chair), Serve and return. - [Susan C. Levine](https://psychology.uchicago.edu/directory/susan-c-levine) (Rebecca Anne Boylan Distinguished Service Professor of Education and Society, University of Chicago). Developmental psychologist who studies how early math and spatial skills grow, including how much parents talk about numbers and shapes. Her studies found that "number talk" at home predicts children's later number knowledge and that math-anxious parents can affect children's math when helping with homework. Known for: Parent number talk research, Spatial skills development, Parent math anxiety and homework help. #### AI labs: education teams - [Ben Gomes](https://blog.google/authors/ben-gomes/) (Chief Technologist, Learning & Sustainability, Google). Ben Gomes leads Google's Learning & Sustainability organization, which oversees teams using technology to scale learning and education. A long-time leader of Google Search, he has been the public face of LearnLM, Google's family of models tuned for learning, and announced in 2025 that LearnLM was being built directly into Gemini 2.5. Known for: LearnLM, Gemini for learning, Google Search. - [Drew Bent](https://knight-hennessy.stanford.edu/people/drew-bent-0) (Leads education work at Anthropic). Drew Bent leads education efforts at Anthropic, including Claude for Teachers, and co-wrote Anthropic's education reports on how university students (2025) and educators (2025) use Claude. Before that he co-founded the free peer-tutoring nonprofit Schoolhouse.world with Sal Khan and ran it from 2020 to 2024. He also wrote code at Khan Academy and taught high school math. Known for: Anthropic Education Reports, Claude for Teachers, Schoolhouse.world. - [Irina Jurenka](https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.12687) (Research scientist, Google DeepMind; lead author of the LearnLM research). Irina Jurenka is a Google DeepMind researcher and the lead author of the 2024 LearnLM paper, "Towards Responsible Development of Generative AI for Education: An Evaluation-Driven Approach." The work set out how to turn learning-science principles into measurable tests of an AI tutor and reported evaluations with students and teachers, shaping how Google tunes Gemini for learning. Known for: LearnLM-Tutor, Evaluating AI tutors with pedagogy benchmarks. - [Jennie Magiera](https://blog.google/products-and-platforms/products/education/new-ai-educator-trainings-september-2026/) (Global Head of Education Impact, Google). Jennie Magiera leads education impact at Google, including its AI literacy programs and free AI training series for teachers. A former Chicago classroom teacher and district technology leader, she is the author of Courageous Edventures and has written Google's posts on AI literacy, teacher training and World Teachers' Day. Known for: Google AI educator trainings, Courageous Edventures. - Leah Belsky (Vice President and General Manager of Education, OpenAI (as of 2025)). Leah Belsky leads education at OpenAI, where her team launched ChatGPT Edu for universities in 2024 and study mode, a step-by-step learning mode in ChatGPT, in 2025. Before joining OpenAI she spent about a decade at Coursera in senior revenue and enterprise roles. Known for: ChatGPT Edu, ChatGPT study mode. - [Maggie Johnson](https://blog.google/products-and-platforms/products/education/digital-promise/) (Global Head and Vice President, Google.org). Maggie Johnson leads Google.org, Google's philanthropy, which funds nonprofits working on AI education and computer science learning. She previously led Google's education and university programs, where she oversaw computer science education efforts, and she is listed among the advisors of CodeAI (formerly Code.org). Known for: Google.org, Google computer science education programs. - [Maureen Heymans](https://blog.google/products-and-platforms/products/education/guided-learning/) (Vice President, Learning, Google). Maureen Heymans is a Google vice president for learning. In August 2025 she introduced Guided Learning in Gemini, a mode meant to help people work through a topic step by step and build understanding rather than just get answers. It is one of the clearest examples of a large AI lab building a tutor-style mode into a general chatbot. Known for: Guided Learning in Gemini, LearnLM. - [Shantanu Sinha](https://blog.google/products-and-platforms/products/education/google-for-education-year-in-review-2025/) (Vice President, Google for Education). Shantanu Sinha runs Google for Education, the group behind Google Classroom, Chromebooks for schools and Gemini tools for teachers and students, and writes Google's yearly education product updates. Before Google he was the founding president and chief operating officer of Khan Academy, working alongside Sal Khan in its early years. Known for: Google Classroom, Gemini for Education, Khan Academy (founding president). #### AI tutor builders - [Andrej Karpathy](https://karpathy.ai/) (Founder, Eureka Labs; AI researcher). Andrej Karpathy, an OpenAI co-founder and former director of AI at Tesla, founded Eureka Labs in 2024 to build an "AI native" school in which teachers design courses and an AI teaching assistant helps students through them. His free YouTube lectures, such as Neural Networks: Zero to Hero, are widely used to learn how language models work. Wikipedia reports that he joined Anthropic in 2026. Known for: Eureka Labs, Neural Networks: Zero to Hero, LLM101n. - [Burr Settles](https://burrsettles.com/) (Machine learning researcher; former head of research, Duolingo). Burr Settles led Duolingo's research group, where he co-developed half-life regression, a machine-learned model of forgetting used to schedule spaced review, and worked on the Duolingo English Test. He is the author of Active Learning, a textbook on machine learning algorithms that choose their own training examples. Known for: Half-life regression, Duolingo English Test, Active Learning (book). - [Catalin Voss](https://www.ello.com/about) (Co-founder and CTO, Ello). Catalin Voss co-founded Ello and serves as its chief technology officer, leading the speech recognition and AI that let the app follow a child reading aloud and respond with coaching. He studied computer science at Stanford, where he worked on applying machine learning to health and learning, before starting Ello with Tom Sayer and Elizabeth Adams. Known for: Ello. - [Chrisman Frank](https://www.synthesis.com/about) (Co-founder, Synthesis). Chrisman Frank co-founded Synthesis with Josh Dahn in 2020, bringing the SpaceX campus school's collaborative problem-solving classes online for families around the world. Synthesis now centers on Synthesis Tutor, an AI-guided math program for elementary-age children that teaches through interactive, game-like lessons. Known for: Synthesis, Synthesis Tutor. - [Craig Barton](https://mrbartonmaths.com/) (Math teacher, author and podcaster; education lead at Eedi). Craig Barton is a former math teacher whose Mr Barton Maths site, podcast and books, such as How I Wish I'd Taught Maths, are widely used by teachers. He works with Eedi, the diagnostic-questions platform that uses multiple-choice items built around common misconceptions and data on wrong answers to adapt math practice. Known for: Mr Barton Maths, Eedi diagnostic questions, How I Wish I'd Taught Maths. - [Damir Sabol](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photomath) (Founder, Photomath). Damir Sabol founded Photomath, the app that lets students point a phone camera at a math problem and see a step-by-step solution, built on text recognition from his company Microblink. Photomath became one of the most used homework apps and was acquired by Google. It sits at the center of debates over answer-giving homework help. Known for: Photomath, Microblink. - [Derek Haoyang Li](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squirrel_AI) (Co-founder, Squirrel AI Learning). Derek Haoyang Li co-founded Squirrel AI Learning in Shanghai in 2014. Its Intelligent Adaptive Learning System breaks subjects into very fine knowledge points and routes each student through them, and it became one of the best-known AI tutoring companies in China, operating through learning centers and partner schools. Known for: Squirrel AI, Intelligent Adaptive Learning System. - [Elizabeth Adams](https://www.ello.com/about) (Co-founder and Chief Experience Officer, Ello). Elizabeth Adams co-founded Ello, an AI reading coach for young children, and serves as its chief experience officer. Ello listens as children read real books aloud and offers help when they get stuck, using decodable texts designed around phonics. She works with the company's advisors, who include well-known reading researchers, on how the app teaches. Known for: Ello. - [Joe Liemandt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Liemandt) (Founder, Trilogy Software and ESW Capital; principal backer of Alpha School). Joe Liemandt is a software billionaire who founded Trilogy Software and the investment firm ESW Capital. Wikipedia lists him as Alpha School's principal, and he has backed the 2 Hour Learning software behind it, which uses adaptive apps so students finish core academics in about two hours a day. Known for: Alpha School, 2 Hour Learning, Trilogy Software. - [Joel Rose](https://www.newclassrooms.org/about/leadership/) (Co-founder and CEO, New Classrooms). Joel Rose co-founded New Classrooms, the nonprofit behind Teach to One, a personalized middle school math model that uses an algorithm to build each student's daily schedule of lessons and skills. A former teacher, he has argued that standard grade-level pacing leaves many students with unfinished learning that adaptive models can address. Known for: New Classrooms, Teach to One. - [Josh Dahn](https://www.synthesis.com/about) (Co-founder, Synthesis). Josh Dahn is an educator who, at Elon Musk's request in 2014, started an experimental school on the SpaceX campus, later known as Ad Astra. In 2020 he and Chrisman Frank turned one of its classes into Synthesis, an online program for kids that now includes an AI math tutor built around games and open-ended problem solving. Known for: Synthesis, Synthesis Tutor, Ad Astra school. - [Justin Skycak](https://www.justinmath.com/) (Builds the learning engine at Math Academy). Justin Skycak built the adaptive engine behind Math Academy, an online math program known for fast, mastery-based progress. He created its Fractional Implicit Repetition (FIRe) approach to spaced review and wrote The Math Academy Way, an open book on the learning science behind the system. Known for: Math Academy, Fractional Implicit Repetition, The Math Academy Way. - [Klinton Bicknell](https://www.klintonbicknell.com/) (Head of AI, Duolingo). Klinton Bicknell leads artificial intelligence work at Duolingo. Trained as a computational cognitive scientist who studied how people process language, he has published on modeling learners and on using machine learning to personalize practice in language apps, work that sits behind Duolingo's adaptive lessons. Known for: Duolingo AI, Learner modeling. - [Kristen DiCerbo](https://www.kristendicerbo.com/about-me) (Chief Learning Officer, Khan Academy). Kristen DiCerbo sets Khan Academy's teaching and learning strategy and leads its content, assessment, product, design and community teams, including the launch of the Khanmigo AI tutor. A learning scientist by training, she earlier led learning research at Pearson and has written widely on game-based assessment and on what makes AI tutoring pedagogically sound. Known for: Khanmigo, Learning science at Khan Academy, Schools of Thought. - [Luis von Ahn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_von_Ahn) (Co-founder and CEO, Duolingo). Luis von Ahn co-founded Duolingo, the most downloaded language-learning app, and earlier created CAPTCHA research and reCAPTCHA, which he sold to Google. A former Carnegie Mellon computer science professor, he has steered Duolingo toward heavy use of AI, from personalized practice to GPT-powered conversation features, a shift that has drawn both praise and public criticism. Known for: Duolingo, reCAPTCHA, Human computation. - [MacKenzie Price](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_School) (Co-founder, Alpha School and 2 Hour Learning). MacKenzie Price co-founded Alpha School in Austin in 2014. Its 2 Hour Learning model has students do core academics with adaptive software for about two hours a day, with adult "guides" instead of traditional teachers, and the rest of the day on projects and life skills. Alpha reports fast academic gains, but those claims rest on its own analyses and have not been independently verified. Known for: Alpha School, 2 Hour Learning. - [Mark Angel](https://amiralearning.com/about) (Founder and CEO, Amira Learning). Mark Angel founded Amira Learning, an AI reading assistant used in schools that listens to students read aloud, assesses fluency and gives tutoring in the moment. Amira grew out of research on automated reading tutors and is used by districts for both screening and practice. Known for: Amira Learning. - [Priya Lakhani](https://www.century.tech/about-us/) (Founder and CEO, CENTURY Tech). Priya Lakhani, a barrister turned entrepreneur, founded CENTURY Tech in 2013 after being struck by underachievement in schools. CENTURY is an AI learning platform used by UK and international schools to personalize practice and show teachers where students struggle. She co-founded the Institute for Ethical AI in Education and was made an OBE. Known for: CENTURY Tech, Institute for Ethical AI in Education. - [Sal Khan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sal_Khan) (Founder and CEO, Khan Academy). Sal Khan founded Khan Academy, the free nonprofit learning site that grew out of math videos he made for a cousin, and has recorded thousands of its lessons. In 2023 Khan Academy launched Khanmigo, an AI tutor and teaching assistant, and Khan argued for AI tutoring in his 2024 book Brave New Words. He also founded Khan Lab School and co-founded Schoolhouse.world. Known for: Khan Academy, Khanmigo, Brave New Words. - [Severin Hacker](https://www.severinhacker.com/) (Co-founder and CTO, Duolingo). Severin Hacker co-founded Duolingo in 2011 with Luis von Ahn and serves as its chief technology officer. He earned his PhD at Carnegie Mellon, where his research on large-scale human computation earned an MIT Technology Review TR35 honor. He oversees the engineering behind Duolingo's personalized lessons. Known for: Duolingo, Human computation research. - [Tom Sayer](https://www.ello.com/about) (Co-founder and CEO, Ello). Tom Sayer co-founded Ello, a children's reading app that listens to kids read aloud from books and uses speech recognition and AI to coach them, aiming to work like a patient reading tutor. Ello pairs decodable books with on-screen support and has an advisory group of reading researchers. Known for: Ello. #### Edtech founders and leaders - [Adeel Khan](https://www.magicschool.ai/about-us) (Founder and CEO, MagicSchool). Adeel Khan, a former educator and school leader, founded MagicSchool in 2023. It offers teachers dozens of AI tools for planning lessons, writing feedback, differentiating materials and drafting communications, plus a student-facing version with teacher controls, and it has spread quickly through U.S. schools and districts. Known for: MagicSchool. - [Anant Agarwal](https://people.csail.mit.edu/agarwal/) (Founder of edX; MIT professor). Anant Agarwal is an MIT electrical engineering and computer science professor and former director of MIT's Computer Science and AI Lab. He founded and led edX, the online learning platform started by Harvard and MIT, and taught its first course on circuits. After 2U bought edX for $800 million he served as 2U's chief platform officer and later as a senior advisor. Known for: edX, MIT CSAIL. - [Andrew Ng](https://www.andrewng.org/) (Founder, DeepLearning.AI; co-founder, Coursera). Andrew Ng co-founded Coursera and founded DeepLearning.AI, whose short courses have taught millions of people machine learning and generative AI. A Stanford adjunct professor, he co-founded and led Google Brain and was chief scientist at Baidu. His original Stanford machine learning course was one of the first massive online courses. Known for: Coursera, DeepLearning.AI, Machine Learning course. - [Arman Jaffer](https://www.briskteaching.com/about) (Founder and CEO, Brisk Teaching). Arman Jaffer founded Brisk Teaching, a browser extension that puts AI tools inside the apps teachers already use, such as Google Docs, to give feedback on student writing, adjust reading levels and build quizzes. He started Brisk after watching teachers spend nights and weekends on work he believed technology should handle. Known for: Brisk Teaching. - [Caleb Hicks](https://schoolai.com/about) (Founder, SchoolAI). Caleb Hicks founded SchoolAI, a platform that lets teachers create guided AI chat "spaces" for students while seeing what students ask and how they are doing. He began his career teaching in a middle school keyboarding lab, where he replaced drills with challenges matched to students' interests, an idea that shapes the product. Known for: SchoolAI. - [Chris Caren](https://www.turnitin.com/about/leadership/) (CEO, Turnitin). Chris Caren leads Turnitin, the plagiarism-checking company used by schools and universities worldwide. In 2023 Turnitin added an AI writing detector, which made the company central to debates about AI and academic integrity, including concerns raised by researchers and students about false positives. Known for: Turnitin, Turnitin AI writing detection. - [Conrad Wolfram](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conrad_Wolfram) (Technologist; author of The Math(s) Fix). Conrad Wolfram argues that school math should assume computers do the calculating, so students spend their time posing problems and interpreting results. His 2020 book The Math(s) Fix: An Education Blueprint for the AI Age sets out that case, and his computer-based math project has worked with schools and governments on curricula. Known for: The Math(s) Fix, Computer-based math. - [Daphne Koller](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daphne_Koller) (Co-founder, Coursera; founder and CEO, insitro). Daphne Koller is a computer scientist and MacArthur Fellow who co-founded Coursera with Andrew Ng in 2012, helping launch the era of massive open online courses. A former Stanford professor known for work on probabilistic models, she later founded insitro, which applies machine learning to drug discovery. Known for: Coursera, Probabilistic Graphical Models. - [Diane Tavenner](https://www.dianetavenner.com/) (Co-founder, Summit Public Schools; co-host, Class Disrupted). Diane Tavenner co-founded Summit Public Schools and the Summit Learning program, a personalized learning model that spread to hundreds of schools and drew both strong support and pushback from some parents. She co-hosts the Class Disrupted podcast with Michael Horn, which often looks at AI and school redesign, and wrote Prepared. Known for: Summit Public Schools, Summit Learning, Class Disrupted. - [Greg Hart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coursera) (CEO, Coursera (since 2025)). Greg Hart, a former Amazon executive who led teams such as Alexa and Prime Video, became Coursera's chief executive in early 2025, succeeding Jeff Maggioncalda. He has positioned the online learning company around AI skills courses and AI-powered learning features for its many millions of registered learners. Known for: Coursera. - [Jeff Maggioncalda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff_Maggioncalda) (Former CEO, Coursera (2017-2025)). Jeff Maggioncalda led Coursera from 2017 until early 2025, taking it public in 2021 and converting it into a public benefit corporation. During his tenure Coursera added generative AI features such as Coursera Coach, an AI learning assistant, and began offering many courses in more languages using AI translation. Known for: Coursera, Coursera Coach. - [Paul LeBlanc](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_LeBlanc_(university_president)) (Former president, Southern New Hampshire University). Paul LeBlanc led Southern New Hampshire University from 2003 to 2024, growing it into one of the largest U.S. universities through online programs and competency-based degrees. He has written and spoken about how AI could push colleges to redesign learning around mastery and human relationships rather than seat time. Known for: Southern New Hampshire University, Competency-based education. - [Peter Gault](https://www.quill.org/team) (Executive Director and co-founder, Quill.org). Peter Gault co-founded Quill.org, a free nonprofit tool that helps students in grades 4-12 build writing and grammar skills. Quill uses AI to give students immediate, specific feedback on sentences and short written responses tied to what they read, so they revise rather than just get a score. Known for: Quill.org, Quill Reading for Evidence. - [Sebastian Thrun](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sebastian_Thrun) (Co-founder, Udacity; Stanford adjunct professor). Sebastian Thrun is a computer scientist known for self-driving cars and for co-founding Google X. In 2011 he and Peter Norvig offered a free online Stanford AI course that drew more than 100,000 students, which led him to co-found Udacity, an online platform focused on technology skills and nanodegrees. Known for: Udacity, Intro to AI online course, Google X. - [Sue Khim](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sue_Khim) (Co-founder and CEO, Brilliant). Sue Khim co-founded Brilliant, an interactive learning platform with problem-based courses in math, science, computer science and data, built on the idea that people learn best by working problems. Forbes named her to its 30 Under 30 list in education in 2012. Known for: Brilliant. #### AI literacy builders - [Alex Kotran](https://www.aiedu.org/team) (Founder and CEO, aiEDU). Alex Kotran founded aiEDU (The AI Education Project), a nonprofit that creates free AI literacy curricula and works with states, districts and teachers so students learn what AI is and how it is changing work. He oversees its strategy and partnerships and speaks often about AI readiness for students who are least likely to get it elsewhere. Known for: aiEDU, AI literacy curriculum. - [Amanda Bickerstaff](https://www.aiforeducation.io/our-team) (Co-founder and CEO, AI for Education). Amanda Bickerstaff co-founded AI for Education, which trains teachers and school leaders to use generative AI safely and well and publishes free guides, prompt libraries and policy templates. A former high school biology teacher and edtech CEO, she is a frequent voice on practical AI adoption and AI literacy in schools. Known for: AI for Education, Teacher AI training. - [Brian Magerko](https://www.cc.gatech.edu/people/brian-magerko) (Professor of Digital Media, Georgia Tech). Brian Magerko studies creativity and learning with AI. He co-created EarSketch, which teaches coding through music remixing and has reached many students, co-authored "What is AI Literacy?" with Duri Long, and builds co-creative AI systems such as LuminAI, an AI dance partner used in public exhibits. Known for: EarSketch, What is AI Literacy?, LuminAI. - Christina Gardner-McCune (Associate Professor, University of Florida; co-chair, AI4K12). Christina Gardner-McCune co-leads the AI4K12 initiative with David Touretzky and co-authored the "Five Big Ideas in AI" framework for teaching artificial intelligence to children. Her research focuses on computing education and on broadening who takes part in computer science and AI. Known for: AI4K12, Five Big Ideas in AI. - [Duri Long](https://www.durilong.com/) (Assistant Professor of Communication Studies, Northwestern University). Duri Long directs Northwestern's Creative Interfaces Research + Design Studio. She co-authored the widely cited 2020 paper "What is AI Literacy?" with Brian Magerko, which defined competencies the public needs, and designs museum exhibits and creative activities that help families explore how AI works. Known for: What is AI Literacy? (2020), AI literacy museum exhibits. - [Fei-Fei Li](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fei-Fei_Li) (Professor of Computer Science, Stanford University; co-founder, AI4ALL). Fei-Fei Li is a computer scientist best known for creating ImageNet, the dataset that drove modern computer vision. She co-founded AI4ALL, a nonprofit that runs AI education programs for high school and college students from groups underrepresented in the field, and co-directs Stanford's Institute for Human-Centered AI. Known for: AI4ALL, ImageNet, Stanford HAI. - [Hadi Partovi](https://code.org/about/leadership) (Founder and Chairman of the Board, CodeAI (formerly Code.org)). Hadi Partovi founded Code.org, now called CodeAI, the nonprofit behind the Hour of Code and free K-12 computer science courses used in classrooms worldwide. The group has pushed for every student to learn computer science and now AI, launching the Hour of AI. A tech entrepreneur and angel investor, he was on the founding teams of Tellme and iLike. Known for: Code.org / CodeAI, Hour of Code, Hour of AI. - [Hal Abelson](https://www.csail.mit.edu/person/hal-abelson) (Professor of Computer Science and Engineering, MIT). Hal Abelson created MIT App Inventor, a block-based tool that lets beginners build real phone apps, and co-wrote the classic textbook Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs. App Inventor has added AI extensions so students can build apps that use machine learning. He is also a founding director of Creative Commons and the Free Software Foundation. Known for: MIT App Inventor, Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs, Creative Commons. - [Karim Meghji](https://code.org/about/leadership) (President and CEO, CodeAI (formerly Code.org)). Karim Meghji leads CodeAI, the nonprofit formerly known as Code.org, after serving as its chief product officer, where he led the effort to bring computer science and AI into K-12 classrooms around the world. CodeAI offers free curricula, teacher training and campaigns such as the Hour of AI. Known for: CodeAI, Hour of AI. - [Matt Miller](https://ditchthattextbook.com/about/) (Founder, Ditch That Textbook). Matt Miller is a former high school teacher who runs Ditch That Textbook, a popular blog, podcast and newsletter for teachers about classroom technology. He wrote AI for Educators and produces free AI teacher toolkits and trainings that walk teachers through practical, classroom-ready uses of AI. Known for: Ditch That Textbook, AI for Educators. - Pat Yongpradit (Education leader; led the TeachAI initiative). Pat Yongpradit, a former high school computer science teacher, was a long-time academic leader at Code.org and led TeachAI, a coalition launched in 2023 by Code.org, ETS, ISTE, Khan Academy and the World Economic Forum. TeachAI published an AI Guidance for Schools Toolkit that many districts and states drew on when writing their first AI policies. Known for: TeachAI, AI Guidance for Schools Toolkit. - [Robbie Torney](https://www.commonsensemedia.org/bio/robbie-torney) (Senior Director of AI Programs, Common Sense Media). Robbie Torney leads Common Sense Media's AI programs, including its AI risk assessments of chatbots, AI companions and AI tools used by children and teens, and AI literacy lessons for schools. A former teacher and school leader, he has testified and written about the risks AI companions pose to young users. Known for: Common Sense AI risk assessments, AI literacy lessons. #### Learning engineering - Bror Saxberg (Learning scientist and former education executive). Bror Saxberg is a leading advocate of learning engineering, the practice of applying learning science and data to design instruction at scale. He was chief learning officer at Kaplan and later vice president of learning science at the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative, and co-wrote Breakthrough Leadership in the Digital Age with Frederick Hess. Known for: Learning engineering, Kaplan, Chan Zuckerberg Initiative learning science. - [Isabelle Hau](https://acceleratelearning.stanford.edu/person/isabelle-hau/) (Executive Director, Stanford Accelerator for Learning). Isabelle Hau leads the Stanford Accelerator for Learning, a university-wide effort to turn learning research into solutions, including work on AI tutoring, early learning and learning differences. She previously led education investing at Omidyar Network and writes about keeping relationships and care at the center as AI enters learning. Known for: Stanford Accelerator for Learning, Omidyar Network education investing. - [Jean-Claude Brizard](https://digitalpromise.org/people/jean-claude-brizard/) (President and CEO, Digital Promise). Jean-Claude Brizard leads Digital Promise, a nonprofit created to accelerate research and innovation in education, which runs networks of innovative school districts and research on AI and learning technology. He was previously chief executive of Chicago Public Schools and superintendent of the Rochester City School District. Known for: Digital Promise, Chicago Public Schools. - [Kumar Garg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaissance_Philanthropy) (Co-founder, Renaissance Philanthropy). Kumar Garg co-founded Renaissance Philanthropy in 2024 with Tom Kalil to design and run science, technology and innovation funds for donors, in areas that include AI and education. He previously worked on science and technology policy in the Obama White House and at Schmidt Futures, where he championed learning engineering and education R&D. Known for: Renaissance Philanthropy, Education R&D advocacy. - [Pati Ruiz](https://digitalpromise.org/about/our-team/) (Director of Learning Technology Research, Digital Promise). Pati Ruiz leads learning technology research at Digital Promise, with a focus on AI in classrooms, AI literacy and including teachers and students in the design of emerging technologies. A former teacher, she has co-authored frameworks and toolkits to help schools adopt AI responsibly. Known for: AI literacy frameworks, Emerging technology research. - [Peter Norvig](https://www.norvig.com/) (Distinguished Education Fellow, Stanford Institute for Human-Centered AI). Peter Norvig co-wrote Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach, the most widely used AI textbook, and was a director of research at Google. In 2011 he and Sebastian Thrun taught one of the first huge free online courses, and he now works on how AI can improve education at Stanford HAI. Known for: Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach, 2011 online Intro to AI course. - [Ulrich Boser](https://ulrichboser.com/) (Founder and CEO, The Learning Agency). Ulrich Boser founded The Learning Agency in 2017 to help organizations apply the science of learning. The group runs open data science competitions and builds shared datasets, for example on automated feedback for student writing, to speed up research on AI for education. He wrote the bestselling book Learn Better. Known for: The Learning Agency, Learn Better, Open education datasets and competitions. #### Policy, philanthropy and investors - [Andreas Schleicher](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreas_Schleicher) (Director for Education and Skills, OECD). Andreas Schleicher runs education at the OECD and created the PISA international student assessment. He speaks widely about what AI means for what schools should teach, arguing that education must shift toward skills that machines cannot easily copy, and the OECD has published major reports on digital education and AI. Known for: PISA, OECD Digital Education Outlook. - [Bill Gates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates) (Co-founder, Microsoft; chair, Gates Foundation). Bill Gates has predicted that AI tutors will soon help students as well as a human tutor can, a view he pressed in his 2023 essay on the age of AI and at education conferences. The Gates Foundation funds work on AI for math learning and teacher support in U.S. schools. His forecasts have drawn skepticism from researchers who note mixed evidence. Known for: Gates Foundation education grants, The Age of AI has begun (2023). - [Jennifer Carolan](https://www.reachcapital.com/team/jennifer-carolan/) (Co-founder and Partner, Reach Capital). Jennifer Carolan co-founded Reach Capital, a venture firm that invests in education, health and work startups, including many AI learning companies. A former public school history teacher, she earlier invested at NewSchools Venture Fund and teaches the Lean Launchpad course at Stanford. Known for: Reach Capital, Edtech venture investing. - [John Bailey](https://www.aei.org/profile/john-bailey/) (Nonresident Senior Fellow, American Enterprise Institute). John Bailey writes about artificial intelligence and education policy at the American Enterprise Institute. A former White House domestic policy adviser and U.S. Department of Education technology director, he has been an early and frequent voice on how generative AI could help tutoring, teaching and school operations, and on guardrails. Known for: AI and education policy writing. - [Michael B. Horn](https://michaelbhorn.com/) (Co-founder, Clayton Christensen Institute; author and podcaster). Michael Horn co-founded the Clayton Christensen Institute and co-wrote Disrupting Class with Clayton Christensen, which predicted that online learning would spread through schools. He writes the Future of Education newsletter, co-hosts the Class Disrupted podcast with Diane Tavenner, and comments often on AI and personalized, mastery-based learning. Known for: Disrupting Class, Class Disrupted, Christensen Institute. - [Michelle Culver](https://www.therithmproject.org/team) (Founder, The Rithm Project). Michelle Culver founded The Rithm Project, which works with young people and educators on keeping human connection strong as AI chatbots and companions become part of teens' lives. She previously led the Reinvention Lab at Teach For America, exploring new models of learning. Known for: The Rithm Project, Teach For America Reinvention Lab. - [Rebecca Winthrop](https://www.brookings.edu/people/rebecca-winthrop/) (Director, Center for Universal Education, Brookings Institution). Rebecca Winthrop leads global education research at Brookings and co-wrote The Disengaged Teen (2025) with Jenny Anderson, on why many students check out of school and how to re-engage them. She has written and spoken widely about how generative AI could either deepen that disengagement or, used well, support more active learning. Known for: The Disengaged Teen, Brookings Center for Universal Education. - [Richard Culatta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Culatta) (CEO, International Society for Transforming Education (formerly ISTE and ASCD)). Richard Culatta leads ISTE+ASCD, the merged education technology and curriculum association known for the ISTE standards and conference. He previously directed the U.S. Department of Education's Office of Educational Technology and was Rhode Island's chief innovation officer, and he writes about digital citizenship and AI readiness. Known for: ISTE+ASCD, Digital for Good. - [Stefania Giannini](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stefania_Giannini) (Assistant Director-General for Education, UNESCO). Stefania Giannini, a linguist and former Italian minister of education, leads UNESCO's education work. Under her, UNESCO issued its 2023 Guidance for Generative AI in Education and Research, which urged age limits and human-centered rules for AI in schools, and AI competency frameworks for students and teachers in 2024. Known for: UNESCO Guidance for Generative AI in Education and Research, UNESCO AI competency frameworks. - [Tom Vander Ark](https://www.gettingsmart.com/team/tom-vander-ark/) (CEO, Getting Smart). Tom Vander Ark leads Getting Smart, a learning design and advocacy firm, and writes and podcasts frequently about AI and new school models. He was the first executive director of education at the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and earlier a public school superintendent in Washington State. Known for: Getting Smart, Gates Foundation education (first executive director). #### Journalists and podcasters - [Alex Sarlin](https://edtechinsiders.substack.com/about) (Co-host, Edtech Insiders). Alex Sarlin co-hosts the Edtech Insiders podcast and newsletter with Ben Kornell, which interviews founders, investors and leaders across education technology and runs weekly news episodes. It has become a leading place to hear how AI education companies describe their products and strategy. Known for: Edtech Insiders. - [Ben Kornell](https://edtechinsiders.substack.com/about) (Co-host, Edtech Insiders). Ben Kornell co-hosts the Edtech Insiders podcast and newsletter with Alex Sarlin and organizes edtech community events. The show's "This Week in Edtech" episodes and interviews with founders and AI lab education leaders track how AI is reshaping the education market. Known for: Edtech Insiders. - [Jill Barshay](https://hechingerreport.org/author/jill-barshay/) (Staff writer, The Hechinger Report). Jill Barshay writes Proof Points, the nonprofit Hechinger Report's weekly column on education research and data, and often covers new studies on AI tutors, chatbots and learning, explaining what the evidence does and does not show for teachers and parents. She also writes Hechinger's weekly newsletter on education research. Known for: Proof Points column. - [Lauraine Langreo](https://www.edweek.org/by/lauraine-langreo) (Staff writer, Education Week). Lauraine Langreo covers education technology, including artificial intelligence in K-12 schools, as well as student well-being and college and workforce readiness for Education Week. Her reporting tracks how districts write AI policies, train teachers and choose AI tools. She also covers what students and teachers say about AI. Known for: Education Week AI coverage. #### Child online safety and AI safety for kids - Amanda Third (Co-Director, Young and Resilient Research Centre, Western Sydney University). Researcher who uses participatory methods to include children's own views in research on their digital lives. With Sonia Livingstone and partners she led consultations with hundreds of children worldwide that informed the UN's 2021 General Comment No. 25 on children's rights in the digital environment. Known for: Young and Resilient Research Centre, children's input to UN General Comment 25. - Andy Burrows (Chief Executive, Molly Rose Foundation (as of 2025)). Online safety policy expert who leads the Molly Rose Foundation, which campaigns for tougher regulation of harmful content and design on social media and AI services. He previously led child safety online policy at the NSPCC and has co-authored research testing how well platforms' teen safety features work. Known for: Molly Rose Foundation, NSPCC child safety online policy. - Arturo Béjar (Former Facebook engineering director; youth online safety advocate). Engineer who led Facebook's 'protect and care' teams and later consulted for Instagram on well-being. In 2023 he testified before the U.S. Senate that Meta leaders ignored internal data on harms teens faced, and in 2025 he co-led an independent test of Instagram's Teen Accounts features that reported many protections did not work as described. Meta disputed the findings. Known for: 2023 Senate testimony, Teen Accounts testing report. - [Beeban Kidron](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beeban_Kidron) (Founder and Chair, 5Rights Foundation; crossbench member of the House of Lords). Filmmaker turned children's digital rights advocate. She founded 5Rights, which does not take tech industry funding, and led the push for the UK's Age Appropriate Design Code, which requires online services likely to be used by children to put their best interests first. The code inspired similar laws elsewhere, and she continues to campaign on AI and children. Known for: 5Rights Foundation, Age Appropriate Design Code, InRealLife (film). - [David Finkelhor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Finkelhor) (Director, Crimes against Children Research Center, University of New Hampshire). Sociologist and leading researcher on child victimization, including child sexual abuse and online exploitation. His center's national surveys have measured trends in youth online victimization, and he has urged that online safety education be grounded in evidence rather than fear. Known for: Crimes against Children Research Center, national youth victimization surveys. - Emma Lembke (Founder, LOG OFF; youth online safety advocate). Youth advocate who founded LOG OFF, a youth-led movement helping young people build healthier relationships with social media. She co-founded the youth coalition Design It For Us and testified before the U.S. Senate in 2023 on social media's effects on young people. Known for: LOG OFF, Design It For Us, 2023 Senate testimony. - [Frances Haugen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frances_Haugen) (Former Facebook product manager and whistleblower). Data engineer who in 2021 disclosed tens of thousands of internal Facebook documents, including research on Instagram's effects on teen girls, to regulators and The Wall Street Journal. Her Senate testimony helped drive new laws and lawsuits on platform safety for young people, and she wrote the memoir The Power of One. Known for: Facebook Files, Senate testimony, The Power of One. - [Hany Farid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hany_Farid) (Professor, University of California, Berkeley). Computer scientist who specializes in detecting manipulated images and deepfakes. He co-developed PhotoDNA with Microsoft, a hashing technology now widely used by internet companies to find and remove known child sexual abuse images, and he speaks often about AI-generated abuse imagery and deepfakes. Known for: PhotoDNA, deepfake detection, digital forensics. - [Ian Russell](https://mollyrosefoundation.org/) (Online safety campaigner, Molly Rose Foundation). Campaigner who became one of the UK's best-known voices on online safety after the 2017 death of his 14-year-old daughter Molly; a 2022 inquest found that harmful online content contributed to her death. Through the Molly Rose Foundation, a suicide-prevention charity, he campaigns for stronger enforcement of the Online Safety Act. Known for: Molly Rose Foundation, Online Safety Act campaigning. - [Joanna Shields](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joanna_Shields,_Baroness_Shields) (Founder, WeProtect Global Alliance; member of the House of Lords). Technology executive who served as the UK's first Minister for Internet Safety and Security. In 2014 she founded WeProtect, now the WeProtect Global Alliance, which brings governments, companies and charities together against online child sexual exploitation. She earlier held senior roles at Bebo, AOL and Facebook. Known for: WeProtect Global Alliance, UK Minister for Internet Safety and Security. - [Julie Cordua](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julie_Cordua) (CEO, Thorn). Leader since 2012 of Thorn, a nonprofit that builds technology to defend children from sexual abuse, including tools that help platforms detect abuse material. In 2024 Thorn and All Tech Is Human published Safety by Design principles for generative AI, which major AI companies pledged to follow to prevent AI-generated child abuse material. Known for: Thorn, Safer, Safety by Design for Generative AI. - [Julie Inman Grant](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julie_Inman_Grant) (eSafety Commissioner, Australia). Head of the world's first government regulator dedicated to online safety, after earlier policy roles at Microsoft and Twitter. Her office handles complaints about cyberbullying and image-based abuse, sets industry codes, and is responsible for enforcing Australia's law requiring social media platforms to keep out users under 16, in force since December 2025. Known for: eSafety Commissioner, Australia's social media minimum age, Safety by Design. - [Justin W. Patchin](https://cyberbullying.org/about-us) (Professor of Criminal Justice, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire; Co-Director, Cyberbullying Research Center). Criminologist who co-founded the Cyberbullying Research Center with Sameer Hinduja. Their surveys of U.S. teens are a main source of data on cyberbullying and sextortion, and their books and guides help schools respond to online harassment. Their work emphasizes school climate, digital citizenship and practical prevention rather than fear-based messages. Known for: Cyberbullying Research Center, Bullying Beyond the Schoolyard. - [Larry Magid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Magid) (CEO, ConnectSafely). Technology journalist who leads ConnectSafely, a nonprofit that publishes plain-language guides for parents and educators on apps, privacy and online safety, including guides to AI. He was a longtime technology analyst for CBS News and a technology columnist. ConnectSafely also helps organize Safer Internet Day activities in the United States. Known for: ConnectSafely, parent guides to apps and AI. - [Meetali Jain](https://techjusticelaw.org/) (Founder and Executive Director, Tech Justice Law Project). Lawyer whose organization brings legal cases and policy work on technology harms. She is co-counsel in high-profile lawsuits alleging that AI chatbots harmed teenagers, including Garcia v. Character Technologies (2024) and Raine v. OpenAI (2025), cases that have shaped the public debate on AI companions and minors. She was named to the TIME100 AI list. Known for: Tech Justice Law Project, Garcia v. Character Technologies, Raine v. OpenAI. - Megan Garcia (Parent advocate for AI chatbot safety). Parent who in 2024 filed a wrongful-death lawsuit against Character.AI and Google after her teenage son's death, alleging that a companion chatbot contributed to it. She has since testified before the U.S. Senate and spoken publicly in support of safety rules for AI companions used by minors. Her case drew wide public attention to how AI companions treat minors. Known for: Garcia v. Character Technologies, Senate testimony on AI chatbots. - [Melanie Dawes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanie_Dawes) (Chief Executive, Ofcom). Economist and former senior civil servant who has led Ofcom, the UK communications regulator, since 2020. Ofcom enforces the Online Safety Act 2023, including codes requiring platforms to protect children from harmful content and to use effective age checks for pornography. Known for: Ofcom, Online Safety Act enforcement, Protection of Children Codes. - [Michelle DeLaune](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelle_DeLaune) (President and CEO, National Center for Missing & Exploited Children). Criminologist who has worked at NCMEC since the early 2000s and became its president and CEO in 2022. NCMEC runs the CyberTipline, the U.S. clearinghouse for reports of online child sexual exploitation, and has warned about rising reports involving generative AI and sextortion. Known for: NCMEC, CyberTipline. - [Rachel de Souza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rachel_de_Souza) (Children's Commissioner for England). Former headteacher and academy trust leader who has served as Children's Commissioner for England since 2021. Her office has published research on children's exposure to online pornography and harmful content, and she has called for a ban on AI 'nudification' apps and stronger protections for children online. Known for: Children's Commissioner for England, research on children and online pornography. - Ravi Iyer (Managing Director, Psychology of Technology Institute, USC Marshall Neely Center (as of 2025)). Data scientist and psychologist who worked on integrity and civic issues at Meta before moving to the University of Southern California. He argues that platform design choices, more than content moderation alone, drive online harms, and works on design codes and user surveys to measure negative experiences, including for teens. Known for: design-based approach to platform harms, Neely Center design code. - [Sameer Hinduja](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sameer_Hinduja) (Professor of Criminology, Florida Atlantic University; Co-Director, Cyberbullying Research Center). Social scientist who has studied cyberbullying, sextortion and teen online behavior since 2002. With Justin Patchin he co-founded the Cyberbullying Research Center in 2005, which publishes national surveys and free resources for schools and parents. He also serves as a faculty associate at Harvard's Berkman Klein Center. Known for: Cyberbullying Research Center, Bullying Beyond the Schoolyard. - Sarah Gardner (Founder and CEO, Heat Initiative). Child safety advocate who founded Heat Initiative, which campaigns to hold large tech companies accountable for detecting and removing child sexual abuse material, notably pressing Apple over abuse imagery in iCloud. She previously worked at Thorn. Heat Initiative uses public campaigns and shareholder pressure to push companies toward stronger child-protection practices. Known for: Heat Initiative, campaigns on Apple and child abuse material. - [Stephen Balkam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Balkam) (Founder and CEO, Family Online Safety Institute). Nonprofit leader who founded the Family Online Safety Institute (FOSI), which brings together tech companies, government and nonprofits to promote a 'culture of responsibility' online. FOSI publishes research and runs the Good Digital Parenting program, and has a more industry-collaborative approach than some advocacy groups. Known for: Family Online Safety Institute, Good Digital Parenting. - [Tanya Byron](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanya_Byron) (Clinical psychologist; author of the Byron Review). Psychologist and broadcaster who led the UK government's 2008 Byron Review, Safer Children in a Digital World, one of the first national reviews of children's safety online and in video games. It led to the creation of the UK Council for Child Internet Safety. She is also known for TV programs on child behavior. Known for: Byron Review, Safer Children in a Digital World. - [Tristan Harris](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tristan_Harris) (Co-founder and President, Center for Humane Technology). Former Google design ethicist who argues that attention-maximizing design harms users, especially young people. He was featured in the documentary The Social Dilemma, and the Center for Humane Technology now focuses heavily on AI risks, including AI companion chatbots and their effects on children. Known for: Center for Humane Technology, The Social Dilemma, The AI Dilemma. - Vicki Shotbolt (Founder and CEO, Parent Zone). Founder of Parent Zone, a UK organization started in 2008 that supports families with digital life through resources for parents, schools and professionals, research and programs on digital resilience and AI. Her work emphasizes building parents' confidence rather than fear. Known for: Parent Zone, digital resilience programs. - [Victoria Nash](https://www.oii.ox.ac.uk/people/profiles/victoria-nash/) (Associate Professor and Senior Policy Fellow, Oxford Internet Institute). Political theorist who studies the governance of digital technologies, with a focus on online safety, content moderation and platform regulation. She directed the Oxford Internet Institute from 2021 to 2025 and contributes to policy debates on children's online safety and age verification. Known for: online safety governance, Oxford Internet Institute. - Will Gardner (CEO, Childnet; Director, UK Safer Internet Centre). Leader of Childnet, a UK charity that helps children and those who support them stay safe online, and a director of the UK Safer Internet Centre, which coordinates Safer Internet Day in the UK. Childnet's education resources are widely used in British schools. Known for: Childnet, UK Safer Internet Centre, Safer Internet Day. #### Policy, law and advocacy - [Andrew N. Ferguson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_N._Ferguson) (Chair, Federal Trade Commission). Lawyer who became FTC chair in 2025. In September 2025 the agency ordered seven companies offering AI chatbots, including Meta, OpenAI, Character.AI and Snap, to explain how they measure and limit harms to children and teens who use chatbots as companions. Known for: FTC inquiry into AI companion chatbots (2025). - [Angela J. Campbell](https://www.law.georgetown.edu/faculty/angela-j-campbell/) (Professor of Law Emerita, Georgetown University Law Center). Lawyer who directed Georgetown Law's Communications and Technology Law Clinic, representing nonprofit groups before the FCC and FTC on children's media and privacy. Her clinic's work included complaints about children's data collection, such as the 2018 complaint about YouTube that preceded the FTC's 2019 settlement with Google. Known for: children's privacy complaints to the FTC, Communications and Technology Law Clinic. - [Brian Schatz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Schatz) (U.S. Senator from Hawaii). Democratic senator who in 2025, with Ted Cruz, Chris Murphy and Katie Britt, introduced the Kids Off Social Media Act, which would set a minimum age of 13 for social media and bar platforms from using algorithms to recommend content to users under 17. Known for: Kids Off Social Media Act. - Brooke Shannon (Founder, Wait Until 8th). Parent who founded Wait Until 8th in 2017, a pledge that lets families agree together to delay giving children a smartphone until at least the end of eighth grade. The pledge is meant to ease peer pressure by having parents in the same class commit at once. Known for: Wait Until 8th pledge. - Daisy Greenwell (Co-founder, Smartphone Free Childhood). Writer who co-founded Smartphone Free Childhood in the UK in 2024. The grassroots movement, which grew from a parents' group chat, asks families to sign a pact to delay smartphones until 14 and social media until 16, and helped push UK schools toward phone-free policies. Known for: Smartphone Free Childhood, parent pact. - [Ed Markey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ed_Markey) (U.S. Senator from Massachusetts). Democratic senator who, as a House member, was a lead author of the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA), passed in 1998, the main U.S. law limiting data collection from children under 13. He has since championed COPPA 2.0, which would extend protections to teens. Known for: COPPA, COPPA 2.0. - [Jeff Chester](https://democraticmedia.org/) (Executive Director, Center for Digital Democracy). Consumer privacy advocate who has campaigned for decades against data-driven marketing to children. With Kathryn Montgomery he helped win passage of the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA) in 1998, and his center continues to file complaints and reports on surveillance advertising, streaming TV and AI marketing. Known for: Center for Digital Democracy, COPPA advocacy. - [Jim Steyer](https://www.commonsensemedia.org/bio/jim-steyer) (Founder and CEO, Common Sense Media). Civil rights lawyer and Stanford lecturer who founded Common Sense Media in 2003. The nonprofit reviews and rates media and technology for families, funds research on kids and media, and advocates for children's privacy and online safety laws, including recent pushes for safeguards on AI chatbots and companions for minors. Known for: Common Sense Media, Talking Back to Facebook, The Other Parent. - [John Palfrey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Palfrey) (President, John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation). Law scholar and educator who has led the MacArthur Foundation since 2019 and was earlier head of Phillips Academy and a Harvard law professor. He co-wrote Born Digital with Urs Gasser on the first generation raised online, and chaired a 2008 task force for state attorneys general on child safety online. Known for: Born Digital, Internet Safety Technical Task Force, MacArthur Foundation. - [Josh Golin](https://fairplayforkids.org/about-us/staff/) (Executive Director, Fairplay). Advocate who has led Fairplay, formerly the Campaign for a Commercial-Free Childhood, since 2015 after joining as an intern in 2003. Fairplay campaigns against marketing to children and manipulative tech design, files complaints with the Federal Trade Commission, and has pushed for the Kids Online Safety Act and limits on AI products aimed at kids. Known for: Fairplay, Kids Online Safety Act advocacy, campaigns against marketing to children. - [Josh Hawley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josh_Hawley) (U.S. Senator from Missouri). Republican senator active on children's online safety. In 2025 he and Richard Blumenthal introduced the GUARD Act, which would ban AI companion chatbots for minors and require age verification, and he has led Senate hearings on alleged harms from AI chatbots to teens. Known for: GUARD Act, hearings on AI chatbots and kids. - Julie Scelfo (Founder, Mothers Against Media Addiction (MAMA)). Former journalist who in 2024 founded Mothers Against Media Addiction, a parent-led group modeled on grassroots campaigns like Mothers Against Drunk Driving. MAMA organizes local chapters to push for phone-free schools and laws limiting addictive social media design for kids. Known for: Mothers Against Media Addiction, phone-free schools advocacy. - [Leah Plunkett](https://hls.harvard.edu/faculty/leah-a-plunkett/) (Associate Dean of Learning Experience and Innovation, Harvard Law School). Legal scholar and faculty associate at Harvard's Berkman Klein Center. Her book Sharenthood examines how parents, schools and other adults share and collect children's data, and how that 'sharenting' can affect children's privacy and future opportunities. She leads online legal education at Harvard Law School and writes about how law and policy can better protect young people's privacy. Known for: Sharenthood, children's privacy law. - [Lina Khan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lina_Khan) (Former Chair, Federal Trade Commission (2021-2025); Associate Professor, Columbia Law School). Legal scholar who chaired the FTC from 2021 to January 2025. Under her leadership the agency finalized updates to the COPPA Rule in January 2025, tightening rules on children's data and targeted advertising, and brought cases such as the 2022 settlement with Epic Games over children's privacy in Fortnite. Known for: COPPA Rule update (2025), Epic Games settlement. - [Marsha Blackburn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marsha_Blackburn) (U.S. Senator from Tennessee). Republican senator who co-authored the Kids Online Safety Act with Richard Blumenthal. The bipartisan bill passed the Senate in 2024 but did not become law that year, and has drawn both strong support from parent groups and criticism from civil liberties groups worried about censorship. Known for: Kids Online Safety Act. - [Rebecca Bauer-Kahan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebecca_Bauer-Kahan) (California State Assemblymember; Chair, Assembly Privacy and Consumer Protection Committee). Democratic legislator who chairs California's Assembly privacy committee and has led on AI regulation. Her AB 1064, the LEAD for Kids Act, would have barred companion chatbots for children unless they were shown not to be capable of foreseeable harms; Governor Newsom vetoed it in October 2025, while signing SB 243. Known for: AB 1064 (LEAD for Kids Act), AI regulation in California. - [Richard Blumenthal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Blumenthal) (U.S. Senator from Connecticut). Democratic senator who, with Marsha Blackburn, introduced the Kids Online Safety Act (KOSA) in 2022, which would require platforms to take steps to prevent and reduce certain harms to minors. In 2025 he and Josh Hawley introduced the GUARD Act to restrict AI companion chatbots for minors. Known for: Kids Online Safety Act, GUARD Act. - [Steve Padilla](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Padilla) (California State Senator). Democratic state senator who wrote SB 243, signed in October 2025, which makes California one of the first states to regulate companion chatbots. The law requires operators to disclose that users are talking to AI, to have protocols for responding to suicidal thoughts, and to remind minors to take breaks. Known for: SB 243 companion chatbot law. - [Susan Linn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_Linn) (Psychologist and author; co-founder of Campaign for a Commercial-Free Childhood (now Fairplay)). Psychologist, ventriloquist and longtime critic of marketing to children. She co-founded the Campaign for a Commercial-Free Childhood in 2000 with Alvin Poussaint and led it for years. Her books Consuming Kids, The Case for Make Believe and Who's Raising the Kids? argue that commercial media and tech crowd out children's play. Known for: Consuming Kids, The Case for Make Believe, Who's Raising the Kids?, Fairplay. - [Vivek Murthy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vivek_Murthy) (Former U.S. Surgeon General (2015-2017, 2021-2025)). Physician who served twice as U.S. Surgeon General. His 2023 advisory on social media and youth mental health warned that there was not enough evidence to conclude social media is safe for children, and in 2024 he called for warning labels on social media platforms. He also raised alarms about loneliness as a public health problem. Known for: 2023 advisory on social media and youth mental health, social media warning labels, loneliness advisory. #### Journalists and authors on the beat - [Anya Kamenetz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anya_Kamenetz) (Education journalist and author; Senior Advisor, Aspen Institute). Former NPR education correspondent who writes about learning, families and technology. The Art of Screen Time offers research-based advice for balancing digital media in family life, and The Stolen Year covers how the pandemic affected children. Her writing focuses on what research says about children, learning and family life, aimed at parents and educators. Known for: The Art of Screen Time, The Stolen Year, The Test. - [Casey Newton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casey_Newton) (Founder and editor, Platformer). Technology journalist who founded the Platformer newsletter on social platforms and AI after working at The Verge. He co-hosts a technology podcast with Kevin Roose and covers platform policy, content moderation and youth safety on social media and AI products. Known for: Platformer, Hard Fork. - [Catherine Price](https://catherineprice.com/) (Science journalist and author). Health and science journalist whose book How to Break Up with Your Phone offers a plan for cutting back on phone use. She co-wrote The Amazing Generation with Jonathan Haidt, a book for kids and teens on using technology as a tool, and wrote The Power of Fun. Known for: How to Break Up with Your Phone, The Amazing Generation, The Power of Fun. - [Emily Bazelon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily_Bazelon) (Staff writer, The New York Times Magazine; Senior Research Fellow, Yale Law School). Journalist and legal writer whose book Sticks and Stones examines bullying and cyberbullying through detailed case studies and research, and argues for evidence-based approaches in schools. She also co-hosts Slate's Political Gabfest podcast and writes about law and justice. Sticks and Stones is often recommended to parents and educators trying to tell the difference between bullying and ordinary conflict among teens, including online. Known for: Sticks and Stones, Political Gabfest. - [Emily Hanford](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily_Hanford) (Education reporter, APM Reports). Reporter whose documentary Hard Words and podcast Sold a Story showed how many U.S. schools taught reading with methods not supported by the science of reading. Her work helped drive state laws changing reading instruction, and has also been criticized by some balanced-literacy educators. Known for: Sold a Story, Hard Words, science of reading. - [Jeff Horwitz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff_Horwitz) (Investigative technology reporter, Reuters). Reporter who led The Wall Street Journal's Facebook Files in 2021, including internal research on Instagram and teen girls, and wrote Broken Code about Facebook. At Reuters in 2025 he reported on internal Meta guidelines that had permitted its AI chatbots to engage children in 'romantic or sensual' conversations, which Meta said it then removed. Known for: Facebook Files, Broken Code, Reuters reporting on Meta AI chatbot guidelines. - [Jessica Grose](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jessica_Grose) (Opinion writer, The New York Times). Writer who has covered parenting and education for The New York Times opinion section since 2021, including school phone bans, screen time and AI in schools. Her book Screaming on the Inside examines the pressures on American mothers. Her columns frequently cover how schools and families are handling technology, testing and the after-effects of the pandemic. Known for: Screaming on the Inside, parenting and education columns. - Julie Jargon (Family & Tech columnist, The Wall Street Journal). Columnist who writes about how technology affects children and families, including social media, smartphones, parental controls and AI chatbots, often through the experiences of real families and teens. Her columns explain practical questions parents face, such as when to give a child a phone, how parental controls work and what teens are actually doing online. They are a regular source for families sorting through new apps and AI tools. Known for: Family & Tech column. - [Kashmir Hill](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashmir_Hill) (Technology reporter, The New York Times). Reporter on technology and privacy whose book Your Face Belongs to Us investigates the facial recognition company Clearview AI. In 2025 she reported on cases in which vulnerable people, including a teenager, confided in ChatGPT, coverage that helped drive scrutiny of how chatbots handle users in crisis. Known for: Your Face Belongs to Us, reporting on chatbots and vulnerable users. - [Kevin Roose](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Roose) (Technology journalist and author). Technology columnist at The New York Times from 2017 to 2026 and co-host of the Hard Fork podcast with Casey Newton; in 2026 the two announced a new show, Machine Gods. His 2023 conversation with Microsoft's Bing chatbot, which professed love for him, became a widely discussed early example of chatbot risks. Known for: Hard Fork, Futureproof, Bing chatbot conversation (2023). - [Matt Richtel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matt_Richtel) (Reporter, The New York Times). Journalist who won the 2010 Pulitzer Prize for national reporting for a series on distracted driving, and who has written about technology and attention. He later reported a major series on the youth mental health crisis, including the role of technology. Known for: A Deadly Wandering, Pulitzer Prize for distracted driving coverage, youth mental health series. - Natasha Singer (Technology reporter, The New York Times). Reporter who covers technology in education and children's privacy. Her reporting has examined how tech companies, including Google with Chromebooks, gained a large role in American classrooms, and more recently how schools are adopting AI chatbots. Her coverage is widely read by parents and educators trying to understand the business and privacy questions behind classroom technology. Known for: reporting on Google in classrooms, children's privacy and edtech coverage. - [Nicholas Carr](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas_G._Carr) (Writer on technology and culture). Author whose book The Shallows, a Pulitzer Prize finalist, argues that the internet changes how we read and think, encouraging distraction over deep attention. His 2025 book Superbloom examines how communication technologies reshape social life. His work is often cited in debates about screens, reading and children's attention. Known for: The Shallows, Superbloom, The Glass Cage. #### Parenting voices - [Alfie Kohn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfie_Kohn) (Author and lecturer on education and parenting). Writer who challenges common practices such as rewards, praise, grades and homework. Books like Punished by Rewards and Unconditional Parenting argue that these tools undermine children's intrinsic motivation. His views are influential and also controversial among educators and psychologists. He also criticizes standardized testing and competition in schools. Known for: Punished by Rewards, Unconditional Parenting, The Homework Myth. - [Becky Kennedy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Becky_Kennedy) (Clinical psychologist; Founder and CEO, Good Inside). Psychologist whose parenting company Good Inside offers an app, workshops and community built on the idea that children are good inside even when their behavior is hard. Her book Good Inside was a number one New York Times bestseller. Her approach combines firm boundaries with emotional connection and is popular with parents of young children. Known for: Good Inside, sturdy leadership. - [Daniel J. Siegel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_J._Siegel) (Clinical Professor of Psychiatry, UCLA; Executive Director, Mindsight Institute). Psychiatrist who connects brain science with parenting. With Tina Payne Bryson he wrote The Whole-Brain Child and No-Drama Discipline, which offer brain-based strategies for helping children manage emotions. His concept of 'interpersonal neurobiology' links relationships, mind and brain. He has written many books for parents and clinicians, including Parenting from the Inside Out and Brainstorm, about the teenage brain. Known for: The Whole-Brain Child, No-Drama Discipline, interpersonal neurobiology. - [Emily Oster](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily_Oster) (Professor of Economics, Brown University; Founder, ParentData). Economist who writes data-driven guides to pregnancy and parenting, including Expecting Better, Cribsheet and The Family Firm. Her ParentData newsletter explains research for parents. Some conclusions have drawn criticism, notably from fetal alcohol groups over her reading of evidence on light drinking in pregnancy, and her pandemic school-reopening data work was also debated. Known for: Expecting Better, Cribsheet, The Family Firm, ParentData. - [Jessica Lahey](https://www.jessicalahey.com/) (Author and educator). Teacher and writer whose book The Gift of Failure argues that letting children struggle and fail builds competence and motivation. Her later book The Addiction Inoculation offers research-based guidance on preventing substance use in kids. She writes for parents and teachers about autonomy, motivation and learning. Known for: The Gift of Failure, The Addiction Inoculation. - [Julie Lythcott-Haims](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julie_Lythcott-Haims) (Author; former Dean of Freshmen, Stanford University). Former Stanford dean whose book How to Raise an Adult argues that overparenting leaves young adults less able to manage on their own, and offers ways to build independence. She later wrote Your Turn: How to Be an Adult. Her ideas are widely discussed in debates about overprotection and childhood independence. Known for: How to Raise an Adult, Your Turn. - [Lisa Damour](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisa_Damour) (Clinical psychologist and author). Psychologist who specializes in teenage development. Her books Untangled, Under Pressure and The Emotional Lives of Teenagers explain adolescence for parents, and she co-hosts the Ask Lisa podcast and contributes to CBS Mornings. Her work helps parents understand normal teenage emotions, stress and mental health, and how to respond calmly. Known for: Untangled, Under Pressure, The Emotional Lives of Teenagers. - [Madeline Levine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeline_Levine) (Psychologist and author). Psychologist whose book The Price of Privilege examined anxiety and depression among teens from affluent, high-pressure families. Her later books Teach Your Children Well and Ready or Not address achievement pressure and preparing kids for an uncertain future. She co-founded Challenge Success, a Stanford-affiliated program on student well-being. Known for: The Price of Privilege, Teach Your Children Well, Ready or Not. - [Melinda Wenner Moyer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melinda_Wenner_Moyer) (Science journalist and author). Science journalist and contributing editor at Scientific American whose book How to Raise Kids Who Aren't Assholes draws on research to help parents raise kind, honest and generous children. She writes about evidence on parenting and children's health. Her reporting translates research for parents in plain language. Known for: How to Raise Kids Who Aren't Assholes. - [Michele Borba](https://micheleborba.com/) (Educational psychologist and author). Educational psychologist whose books UnSelfie and Thrivers focus on building empathy, character and resilience in children, including in a digital world. She speaks often on parenting and children's mental health. Her work draws on research about empathy and character to give parents practical strategies for raising caring, resilient kids who can cope with pressure. Known for: UnSelfie, Thrivers. - [Philippa Perry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippa_Perry) (Psychotherapist and author). English psychotherapist and broadcaster whose bestseller The Book You Wish Your Parents Had Read (and Your Children Will Be Glad That You Did) focuses on relationships, feelings and repair rather than behavior techniques. She has also written magazine advice columns and presented television programs about psychology. Her book is widely read by parents looking for an approach centered on connection and understanding. Known for: The Book You Wish Your Parents Had Read. - [Ross W. Greene](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ross_Greene) (Clinical child psychologist; Founding Director, Lives in the Balance). Psychologist who created the Collaborative & Proactive Solutions model, which treats challenging behavior as a sign of lagging skills and unsolved problems rather than a lack of motivation. His books include The Explosive Child and Lost at School. His approach is used in homes, schools and treatment settings. Known for: The Explosive Child, Lost at School, Collaborative & Proactive Solutions. - [Tina Payne Bryson](https://www.tinabryson.com/) (Psychotherapist and author). Child and adolescent psychotherapist who co-wrote The Whole-Brain Child, No-Drama Discipline and The Power of Showing Up with Daniel Siegel. Her work translates research on attachment and the developing brain into practical guidance for parents. She runs a clinical practice and speaks to parents and educators about connection-based discipline. Known for: The Whole-Brain Child, The Power of Showing Up. - [Wendy Mogel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wendy_Mogel) (Clinical psychologist and author). Psychologist whose book The Blessing of a Skinned Knee urged parents to let children face ordinary setbacks. Her later books The Blessing of a B Minus and Voice Lessons for Parents address teens and family communication. Her work draws on clinical practice and Jewish teaching to give parents practical advice. Known for: The Blessing of a Skinned Knee, The Blessing of a B Minus, Voice Lessons for Parents. ### Companies Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/who/companies #### AI labs with education work - [Amazon](https://www.amazonfutureengineer.com/) (Company · Seattle, WA, USA · founded 1994). Amazon's kids and education efforts include Amazon Kids+ content subscriptions, Fire Kids tablets and Echo Dot Kids devices, and Amazon Future Engineer, which funds computer science classes in schools. In 2023 Amazon paid $25 million to settle a Justice Department and FTC complaint that it kept children's Alexa voice recordings in violation of COPPA. - [Anthropic](https://www.anthropic.com/education) (Company · San Francisco, CA, USA · founded 2021). Maker of the Claude models. Claude for Education (2025) gives universities campus-wide access with a learning mode that asks guiding questions rather than giving answers. It has published research on how students use Claude, and joined OpenAI and Microsoft in backing the AFT's National Academy for AI Instruction. Claude's consumer apps require users to be 18 or older. - [Apple](https://www.apple.com/education/) (Company · Cupertino, CA, USA · founded 1976). Apple supplies iPads and Macs to schools, along with the Schoolwork and Classroom apps, Swift Playgrounds and the Everyone Can Code curriculum. Its Screen Time and Family Sharing settings, and the child-account changes it rolled out in 2025, are among the main parental-control tools on kids' iPhones and iPads. - [Character.AI](https://character.ai/) (Company · Menlo Park, CA, USA · founded 2021). Character.AI ran a chatbot platform where users talk with user-made characters, popular with teens. Lawsuits from families, including one over a 14-year-old's suicide in 2024, made it a central case in the debate over AI companions and minors. It ended open-ended chat for users under 18 in late 2025 and settled several suits in 2026. In October 2026 it filed for Chapter 11 and agreed to sell its assets to Disney. - [Google](https://edu.google.com/) (Company · Mountain View, CA, USA · founded 1998). Google is one of the largest suppliers of school technology through Chromebooks, Google Classroom and Workspace for Education. Its AI education work includes Gemini for Education, the LearnLM family of learning-tuned models, Guided Learning in Gemini, NotebookLM, the Read Along reading app and Photomath. Family Link sets parental controls on kids' Android devices and accounts. - [Google DeepMind](https://deepmind.google/) (Company · London, UK · founded 2010). Google's AI research lab. On the education side it led research on LearnLM, models tuned with learning-science principles such as active learning and managing cognitive load, and published evaluations of AI tutoring with teachers and pedagogy experts. Its models power Gemini's learning features used by students. - [Meta](https://www.meta.com/) (Company · Menlo Park, CA, USA · founded 2004). Parent of Facebook, Instagram and WhatsApp. Its education work includes Meta for Education, which brings Quest virtual reality headsets and classroom management software to schools for students 13 and up (2024), and open Llama models used by many edtech developers. Its teen accounts and AI chatbot policies for minors have faced scrutiny from lawmakers and state attorneys general. - [Microsoft](https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/education) (Company · Redmond, WA, USA · founded 1975). A major school technology supplier through Windows devices, Microsoft 365 and Teams for Education. Its learning tools include Reading Coach and Reading Progress, Minecraft Education, Immersive Reader and Copilot for students and teachers. It helped fund the AFT's National Academy for AI Instruction in 2025. - [OpenAI](https://openai.com/) (Company · San Francisco, CA, USA · founded 2015). Maker of ChatGPT. Its education work includes ChatGPT Edu for universities (2024), a study mode that walks students through problems instead of handing over answers (2025), ChatGPT for Teachers for K-12 educators, and co-funding the AFT's National Academy for AI Instruction. Lawsuits from families of teens who were harmed after long chatbot conversations led it to add parental controls and age-prediction features in 2025. - [xAI](https://x.ai/) (Company · Palo Alto, CA, USA · founded 2023). Elon Musk's AI company and maker of the Grok chatbot; it became a subsidiary of SpaceX in 2026. In late 2025 it announced a partnership with El Salvador's government to bring Grok-based tutoring to public schools. Grok's companion characters and loose content rules have drawn criticism from child-safety groups, and Musk has said a kid-focused version is planned. #### AI tutors and homework help - [Brainly](https://brainly.com/) (Company · Krakow, Poland and New York, NY, USA · founded 2009). Brainly is a peer-to-peer homework help community where students ask and answer questions, now with AI-generated answers, photo-based question search and test-prep tools layered on top. It reports hundreds of millions of users worldwide, mostly middle and high school students, and is backed by venture investors including Prosus. - [Chegg](https://www.chegg.com/) (Company · Santa Clara, CA, USA · founded 2005). Chegg began in textbook rentals and grew into a subscription homework-help service for high school and college students, with step-by-step solutions, expert Q&A and the Mathway solver. Its subscribers and share price fell sharply after ChatGPT arrived, and it cut large parts of its staff in 2025. It sued Google that year, arguing AI Overviews divert its traffic, and chose to stay a standalone public company. A 2022 FTC order required it to fix data-security lapses. - [Course Hero (Learneo)](https://www.learneo.com/) (Company · Redwood City, CA, USA · founded 2006). Course Hero is a study-help site where students find course documents, practice problems and AI or tutor explanations. In 2023 it reorganized under a parent company, Learneo, which also owns the QuillBot writing tool, the Symbolab math solver, LanguageTool and Scribbr. Like other homework sites, it faces questions from instructors about academic integrity. - [Gauth](https://www.gauth.com/) (Company). Gauth (formerly Gauthmath) is a homework-help app owned by ByteDance, the parent of TikTok. Students photograph a math, science or other homework problem and get an AI-generated solution with steps, with paid access to human tutors. It has been one of the most downloaded education apps in the US, which has fed teacher concerns about answer-copying. - [GoStudent](https://www.gostudent.org/) (Company · Vienna, Austria · founded 2016). GoStudent is a marketplace for paid one-to-one online tutoring, popular in Europe. Once valued at about $3 billion during the pandemic boom, it later cut staff. It bought the UK revision platform Seneca and the German tutoring chain Studienkreis, and has added AI study tools. - [Mathpresso (QANDA)](https://mathpresso.com/) (Company · Seoul, South Korea · founded 2015). Mathpresso makes QANDA, a photo-based homework app that recognizes a math problem from a picture and returns solutions, videos and AI tutoring. It is used widely by students in South Korea, Vietnam, Indonesia and Japan, and it has built math-specialized AI models. - [Nerdy (Varsity Tutors)](https://www.nerdy.com/) (Company · St. Louis, MO, USA · founded 2007). Nerdy runs Varsity Tutors, which sells live online tutoring to families and schools, along with AI study tools and classes. It is listed on the New York Stock Exchange. It has pushed what it calls Live + AI, pairing human tutors with AI-generated practice and session summaries, and offers school districts high-dosage tutoring contracts. - [Physics Wallah](https://www.pw.live/) (Company · Noida, India · founded 2016). Physics Wallah began as a YouTube channel teaching physics for India's engineering and medical entrance exams and grew into a low-cost test-prep company with apps, online courses and offline centers. Known for prices far below rivals, it went public on Indian stock exchanges in November 2025. - [Quizlet](https://quizlet.com/) (Company · San Francisco, CA, USA · founded 2005). Quizlet is a study platform best known for user-made flashcard sets, practice tests and study games such as Match, used by high school and college students. It added AI study tools that turn notes into flashcards and practice questions. It is privately held, with backing from investors including General Atlantic. - [Rising Academies (Rori)](https://www.risingacademies.com/) (Company · Freetown, Sierra Leone and London, UK · founded 2014). Rising Academies runs low-cost schools and school-support programs in West Africa. Its Rori tutor delivers math practice over WhatsApp text chat using a large language model, designed for phones that are common in low-income settings. An early randomized study in Ghana reported gains in math scores for students who used it. - [Sylvan Learning](https://www.sylvanlearning.com/) (Company · Baltimore, MD, USA · founded 1979). Sylvan runs a large network of franchised in-person and online tutoring centers in the US and Canada, offering reading, writing, math, study skills and test prep for K-12 students. It also sells STEM programs such as coding and robotics classes. - [Synthesis](https://www.synthesis.com/) (Company). Synthesis grew out of the Ad Astra school started inside SpaceX. It first sold team problem-solving games for kids, then launched Synthesis Tutor (2024), an AI math tutor for ages 5 to 11 that teaches through interactive, conversational lessons. It is sold to families as a subscription. - [Yuanfudao](https://www.yuanfudao.com/) (Company · Beijing, China · founded 2012). Yuanfudao (Ape Tutor) runs learning apps and once ran one of China's largest live online tutoring businesses, backed by Tencent. The 2021 tutoring crackdown forced large layoffs and a pivot to learning devices and AI homework tools such as its Xiaoyuan Souti photo-search app. - [Zuoyebang](https://www.zuoyebang.com/) (Company · Beijing, China · founded 2015). Zuoyebang ("homework help") is one of China's largest K-12 learning apps, begun as a photo-search homework tool spun out of Baidu. After China's 2021 limits on for-profit tutoring, it shifted toward learning devices and AI tools. It now sells AI learning tablets in China. #### Adaptive learning platforms - [2 Hour Learning (Alpha School)](https://2hourlearning.com/) (Company · Austin, TX, USA). 2 Hour Learning supplies the software model behind Alpha School, a private school network where students do about two hours a day of adaptive app-based academics, with adult guides instead of traditional teachers, and spend the rest on life-skills workshops. Its claims of very fast academic growth have drawn wide media attention and skepticism from researchers who want independent evidence; Pennsylvania denied a related charter school application in 2025, calling the model untested. - [Area9 Lyceum](https://area9lyceum.com/) (Company · Copenhagen, Denmark · founded 2015). Area9 Lyceum builds adaptive learning software that tracks both whether a learner is right and how confident they are, to find knowledge people think they have but don't. It grew from work that powered McGraw Hill's adaptive products and now serves corporate, medical and school training. - [Atom Learning](https://www.atomlearning.com/) (Company · London, UK). Atom Learning makes an adaptive learning platform for UK primary-age children, used by families and schools mainly to prepare for 11+ grammar and independent school entrance exams. It adjusts practice in English, math, verbal and non-verbal reasoning to each child, offers mock tests and gives parents progress reports. - [Century Tech](https://www.century.tech/) (Company · London, UK). Century Tech makes an AI learning platform for schools that recommends lessons and practice for each student in math, English and science, and gives teachers dashboards of gaps. It is used in UK and international schools and has expanded into tools for teachers and further education. - [Edmentum](https://www.edmentum.com/) (Company · Bloomington, MN, USA). Edmentum sells online courses and adaptive programs to US schools, including Exact Path for K-12 reading and math, and Courseware for credit recovery and virtual courses. Its history goes back to the PLATO computer-based instruction system first built at the University of Illinois in 1960. - [Educational Initiatives (Mindspark)](https://www.ei-india.com/) (Company · Ahmedabad, India · founded 2001). Educational Initiatives runs student assessments in India and makes Mindspark, an adaptive learning program for math and language. A randomized study of Mindspark in Delhi after-school centers, by economists Karthik Muralidharan, Abhijeet Singh and Alejandro Ganimian, found large learning gains and is widely cited in the adaptive-learning debate. - [Embibe](https://www.embibe.com/) (Company · Bengaluru, India · founded 2012). Embibe is an AI-based learning and test-prep platform for Indian school students. It maps school subjects into a large knowledge graph of concepts to diagnose each student's gaps and recommend practice, videos and mock tests. Reliance Industries is its majority investor, and its content is offered through Jio's learning services. - [Riiid](https://www.riiid.com/) (Company · Seoul, South Korea · founded 2014). Riiid builds AI that predicts test scores and picks the next best question, first in its Santa app for the TOEIC English exam. It published a large public dataset of student interactions (EdNet) used in knowledge-tracing research, and sells AI learning tools to schools and test-prep companies. - [Squirrel Ai](https://squirrelai.com/) (Company · Shanghai, China · founded 2014). Squirrel Ai (Yixue Education) sells AI-driven adaptive learning that breaks school subjects into thousands of small knowledge points, tests students to find gaps and assigns practice to fill them. It runs learning centers and sells AI learning tablets in China, and has been one of the most-cited examples of large-scale adaptive tutoring outside the US. #### Reading and literacy - [Amira Learning](https://www.amiralearning.com/) (Company · founded 2018). Amira Learning makes an AI reading assistant that listens to students read aloud, gives tutoring in the moment and gives teachers fluency and dyslexia-risk screening. It draws on decades of reading research, including Carnegie Mellon's Project LISTEN and the work of Marilyn Jager Adams, and in 2024 it combined with Istation, a longtime K-8 reading and math assessment provider used by many US states. - [Beanstack](https://www.beanstack.com/) (Company). Beanstack (made by Zoobean) runs reading challenges and reading-log software for public libraries and schools. Children and families log minutes and books, earn badges and join community goals such as summer reading programs. The company began as a children's book recommendation service before shifting to software for libraries. - [Blake eLearning (Reading Eggs)](https://readingeggs.com/) (Company · Sydney, Australia). Blake eLearning makes Reading Eggs, a game-based phonics and reading program for ages 2 to 13 sold to families and schools around the world, and the Mathseeds early math program. Children move through short animated lessons and earn rewards as they progress. It is part of 3P Learning, the Australian company behind Mathletics. - [Book Creator](https://bookcreator.com/) (Company · London, UK · founded 2011). Book Creator is an app where students make their own multimedia books with text, drawings, audio and video, widely used in elementary classrooms for writing projects, class books and portfolios. It was built by Red Jumper, a small London company, and runs on iPads, Chromebooks and the web. The PDF annotation company Kami bought it in 2025. - [Ello](https://www.ello.com/) (Company · San Francisco, CA, USA · founded 2020). Ello makes an AI reading tutor for children in kindergarten through third grade. The child reads a real book aloud and Ello listens with speech recognition, helps with tricky words and adjusts the next book to the child's level. It sells to families by subscription and has added a tool for making decodable stories on a child's interests. - [Epic](https://www.getepic.com/) (Company · Redwood City, CA, USA · founded 2013). Epic is a digital library for children 12 and under with tens of thousands of books, audiobooks and read-to-me titles, free for teachers in elementary classrooms and sold to families by subscription. Byju's bought it in 2021 for about $500 million. After Byju's US units entered bankruptcy, Epic was sold in 2025 to China's TAL Education Group for a reported $95 million, which drew questions from some US lawmakers. - [Heinemann](https://www.heinemann.com/) (Company · Portsmouth, NH, USA · founded 1978). Heinemann publishes professional books and classroom programs for teachers, including the Fountas & Pinnell leveled literacy materials and Lucy Calkins's Units of Study. Its programs were at the center of the science-of-reading debate after the 2022 podcast Sold a Story argued they taught three-cueing strategies that research does not support; Heinemann and the authors have disputed parts of that account. It is part of HMH. - [Ignite Reading](https://www.ignite-reading.com/) (Company). Ignite Reading provides daily one-to-one online tutoring in foundational reading skills, such as phonics and fluency, for students in kindergarten through grade 3. Trained tutors meet children by video in short sessions during the school day, following a structured science-of-reading curriculum. It sells to school districts as a high-dosage tutoring program. - [Lalilo](https://www.lalilo.com/) (Company · Paris, France · founded 2016). Lalilo is a web-based phonics and reading-comprehension program for kindergarten to second grade. It uses speech recognition to listen as children read aloud, adapts lessons to each child and gives teachers reports on skills. Its basic version is free for teachers. Renaissance Learning bought it in 2021. - [Learning A-Z](https://www.learninga-z.com/) (Company · Tucson, AZ, USA · founded 2000). Learning A-Z makes leveled reading resources for K-5 classrooms, including Raz-Kids and Raz-Plus with thousands of leveled e-books and printable books, and Science A-Z and Writing A-Z. Founded in 2000 with its Reading A-Z website, it is used by teachers in many countries and is now part of ExploreK12, a unit of Cambium Learning Group. - [Lexia Learning](https://www.lexialearning.com/) (Company · Concord, MA, USA · founded 1984). Lexia makes structured literacy software for schools, including Lexia Core5 Reading for pre-K to grade 5 and PowerUp Literacy for older struggling readers, plus the LETRS teacher training course that many states adopted in their science-of-reading laws. It is part of Cambium Learning Group, owned by Veritas Capital. - [Nessy](https://www.nessy.com/) (Company · Bristol, UK). Nessy makes game-based reading, spelling and typing programs designed for children with dyslexia and other learning differences, along with a dyslexia screener. It was started by a teacher and a dyslexia specialist and is used in schools and homes in the UK, US and elsewhere. - [Newsela](https://newsela.com/) (Company · New York, NY, USA · founded 2013). Newsela publishes news articles and other texts rewritten at several reading levels so a whole class can read the same story, with quizzes and writing prompts. It has added social studies and science content and owns the Formative assessment tool. - [NoRedInk](https://www.noredink.com/) (Company · San Francisco, CA, USA · founded 2012). NoRedInk makes an online writing and grammar program for grades 3 to 12. It builds grammar practice around students' own interests, such as favorite celebrities and shows, and gives teachers tools for guided essay drafts, peer review and feedback. It was started by a former English teacher. IXL Learning bought it in October 2026. - [Novel Effect](https://noveleffect.com/) (Company · Seattle, WA, USA · founded 2015). Novel Effect makes an app that listens as a parent or teacher reads a picture book aloud and plays music, sound effects and character voices in time with the words. It works with printed books from major children's publishers and has a classroom version for teachers. It appeared on the TV show Shark Tank. - [OverDrive](https://company.overdrive.com/) (Company · Cleveland, OH, USA · founded 1986). OverDrive provides e-books and audiobooks to public libraries and schools through the Libby app and the Sora student reading app, used by many US school districts. It is owned by the investment firm KKR. Its sale of digital licenses to libraries is part of a long-running debate about e-book pricing. - Readability (Company). Readability makes an AI reading tutor app for children that listens as they read stories aloud, corrects mistakes in the moment, asks comprehension questions and reports progress to parents. It is aimed at early and developing readers practicing at home and is sold to families as a subscription. - [Vooks](https://www.vooks.com/) (Company). Vooks streams children's picture books as lightly animated, narrated videos with read-along text highlighted on screen, aimed at young children at home and in classrooms. It is free for teachers and sold to families as a subscription, and it pitches itself as screen time that supports early reading. - [Wilson Language Training](https://www.wilsonlanguage.com/) (Company · Oxford, MA, USA · founded 1988). Wilson Language Training makes structured, Orton-Gillingham-based reading programs: the Wilson Reading System for older students with dyslexia and other word-level reading difficulties, and Fundations for phonics, spelling and handwriting in kindergarten through third grade. It also trains and certifies teachers, and its programs are common in US special education. #### Math - [3P Learning (Mathletics)](https://www.3plearning.com/) (Company · Sydney, Australia · founded 2004). 3P Learning makes Mathletics, an online math program for schools with curriculum-aligned activities, games and live challenges against students around the world. Through its Blake eLearning unit it also makes Reading Eggs and Mathseeds. Its products are used widely in Australia, the UK, South Africa and other countries. - [Art of Problem Solving](https://artofproblemsolving.com/) (Company · San Diego, CA, USA · founded 1993). Art of Problem Solving publishes challenging math textbooks and runs online classes and learning centers for strong math students, along with Beast Academy, a comic-book-style curriculum for ages 6 to 13. Its online community is a hub for math-competition students. Founder Richard Rusczyk stepped down as CEO in 2025 and returned in 2026. - [Carnegie Learning](https://www.carnegielearning.com/) (Company · Pittsburgh, PA, USA · founded 1998). Carnegie Learning was spun out of Carnegie Mellon University to sell the Cognitive Tutor, now called MATHia, an intelligent tutoring system for middle and high school math. A large RAND study found that its algebra curriculum improved scores in the second year of use. It also sells textbooks, world language programs and teacher training, and is owned by the private equity firm CIP Capital. - [Desmos Studio](https://www.desmos.com/) (Company · San Francisco, CA, USA · founded 2011). Desmos Studio is a public benefit corporation that makes the free Desmos graphing, scientific and geometry calculators, used by students worldwide and built into major US standardized tests including the digital SAT. When Amplify bought the Desmos classroom curriculum in 2022, the calculator team was spun off as this separate company. - [Doodle Learning](https://www.doodlelearning.com/) (Company · UK). Doodle Learning makes DoodleMaths, DoodleEnglish, DoodleSpell and DoodleTables, adaptive apps that set primary-age children about ten minutes of daily practice based on what each child finds easy or hard. It is widely used in UK primary schools and by families, with progress reports for teachers and parents. - [DreamBox Learning](https://www.dreambox.com/) (Company · Bellevue, WA, USA · founded 2006). DreamBox makes adaptive math lessons for kindergarten through grade 8 that adjust not just to right and wrong answers but to how a student solves each problem. It merged with Discovery Education in 2023, and its reading tool Reading Plus came with it. - [Eedi](https://eedi.com/) (Company · London, UK · founded 2014). Eedi runs diagnostic multiple-choice math questions in which every wrong answer is tied to a known misconception, used by UK schools, and has shared large misconception datasets with researchers. It has tested AI and human tutors working together, including in research with Google DeepMind. - [ExploreLearning](https://www.explorelearning.com/) (Company · Charlottesville, VA, USA · founded 1999). ExploreLearning makes Gizmos, interactive math and science simulations for grades 3 to 12; Reflex, a game-based math-facts fluency program for grade 2 and up; and Frax for fractions. It was founded in 1999 and is now part of ExploreK12, a unit of Cambium Learning Group that also includes Learning A-Z. - [Great Minds](https://greatminds.org/) (Company · Washington, DC, USA · founded 2007). Great Minds is a public benefit corporation that publishes the Eureka Math curriculum (and its newer Eureka Math Squared), the Wit & Wisdom English curriculum and PhD Science. Eureka Math is one of the most widely used math curricula in US public schools. - [Kumon](https://www.kumon.com/) (Company · Osaka, Japan · founded 1958). Kumon runs franchised after-school learning centers in dozens of countries that teach math and reading through daily worksheets each child completes at their own pace, advancing only after mastery of each level. It was started in 1958 by a Japanese math teacher, Toru Kumon, for his son, and is one of the largest after-school programs in the world. - [Math Academy](https://www.mathacademy.com/) (Company · Pasadena, CA, USA). Math Academy runs an online adaptive math program that takes students from arithmetic through university-level math using mastery learning and spaced review. It grew from an accelerated math program at a Pasadena school and is popular with homeschoolers and self-learners. - [Mathnasium](https://www.mathnasium.com/) (Company · Los Angeles, CA, USA · founded 2002). Mathnasium is a franchise of after-school math learning centers in North America and other countries. Children in grades K to 12 take an assessment, then work through a personalized plan with instructors in small groups, using its own teaching method. It also offers online sessions and homework help. - [Mathspace](https://mathspace.co/) (Company · Sydney, Australia · founded 2010). Mathspace makes an adaptive math platform for grades 6 to 12 where students write out each step of a solution and get hints on the step where they go wrong. It is used in schools in Australia, the US and the UK. - [Matific](https://www.matific.com/) (Company). Matific makes short game-based math activities, called episodes, for kindergarten to grade 6, used by schools and families in many countries and languages. Its games are built to teach concepts through hands-on play rather than drills, and it gives teachers reports tied to curriculum standards. - [Photomath](https://photomath.com/) (Company · Zagreb, Croatia · founded 2014). Photomath is a camera-based math app: a student points a phone at a printed or handwritten problem and gets step-by-step solutions with explanations, from arithmetic to calculus. It came from the Croatian company Microblink and was bought by Google, with the deal completed in 2023. It is one of the most downloaded education apps in the world. - [Prodigy Education](https://www.prodigygame.com/) (Company · Oakville, ON, Canada · founded 2011). Prodigy makes Prodigy Math, a fantasy role-playing game in which children in grades 1 to 8 answer curriculum-aligned math questions to win battles, plus a newer English game. It is free for schools and makes money from family memberships. In 2021 the advocacy group now called Fairplay and other groups filed an FTC complaint arguing the game pressures children to buy memberships; Prodigy disputed the claims. - [Smartick](https://www.smartick.com/) (Company · Malaga, Spain · founded 2009). Smartick is an online math program for children ages 4 to 14 built around 15-minute daily sessions that adapt to each child's answers and speed, with tutors who monitor progress. It also offers a reading program. It is used mostly by families in Spain, Latin America and other countries. - [Sparx Learning](https://sparx-learning.com/) (Company · Exeter, UK). Sparx makes Sparx Maths, an adaptive homework and practice system used by many UK secondary schools, plus Sparx Reader and Sparx Science. Students get personalized homework each week, and teachers see who completed it and where they struggled. The company built the product through years of in-school trials. - [SplashLearn](https://www.splashlearn.com/) (Company · San Francisco, CA, USA · founded 2010). SplashLearn (formerly Splash Math, made by StudyPad) makes game-based math and reading practice for pre-K to grade 5 that adapts to each child, used in many US elementary classrooms. It is free for teachers with a paid family plan. Most of its team is based in India. - [Thinkster Math](https://hellothinkster.com/) (Company). Thinkster pairs daily math practice on a tablet or computer with a dedicated human tutor who reviews each child's written work and meets weekly one-on-one. It says its patented engine analyzes how a child reasons through each problem, and it adds a round-the-clock AI coach. It is sold to families for K-12 math. - [Third Space Learning](https://thirdspacelearning.com/) (Company · London, UK · founded 2013). Third Space Learning provides one-to-one online math tutoring for primary and secondary students, sold to UK schools, often for pupils who are behind. It has built Skye, a low-cost AI tutor that teaches pupils in spoken conversation over a shared screen, alongside its human tutors. #### Early learning - [Age of Learning](https://www.ageoflearning.com/) (Company · Glendale, CA, USA · founded 2007). Age of Learning makes ABCmouse, a subscription early-learning app for ages 2 to 8, plus Adventure Academy for older children and My Reading Academy and My Math Academy for schools. In 2020 it paid $10 million, without admitting wrongdoing, to settle FTC charges that its marketing and cancellation practices were unfair to families. - [Begin](https://www.begin.com/) (Company · New York, NY, USA). Begin sells early-learning programs for children up to about age 8, combining the HOMER reading app, the codeSpark coding app and Little Passports activity kits. It grew out of HOMER, which renamed itself Begin as it brought those brands together. - [Enuma](https://enuma.com/) (Company · Berkeley, CA, USA and Seoul, South Korea · founded 2012). Enuma makes early-learning apps designed for all children, including those with learning differences, such as Todo Math and Todo English. Its Kitkit School tablet curriculum was a co-winner of the $15 million Global Learning XPRIZE in 2019 for helping children in Tanzania learn to read and count on their own. - [Hatch Early Learning](https://www.hatchearlylearning.com/) (Company · Winston-Salem, NC, USA). Hatch Early Learning sells technology for preschool and pre-K classrooms, including adaptive learning software that children use on touchscreens and tablets, assessment tools that track early literacy, math and social-emotional skills, and teacher training. Its products are used in many US Head Start and public pre-K programs. - [Kiddopia](https://kiddopia.com/) (Company · Mumbai, India). Kiddopia is a subscription learning app for preschoolers and early elementary children, made by Paper Boat Apps of Mumbai. It covers early math, language, science, art and social skills through dozens of games. It has been among the top-grossing kids' education apps on the Apple and Google app stores. - [Kinedu](https://www.kinedu.com/) (Company · Monterrey, Mexico · founded 2014). Kinedu makes an app for parents of babies and toddlers up to age 4. Parents get daily video activities chosen for the child's developmental stage, along with milestone tracking and expert classes. It is widely used by families in Latin America and the US and is sold by subscription. - [LeapFrog](https://www.leapfrog.com/) (Company · Emeryville, CA, USA · founded 1994). LeapFrog makes electronic learning toys and tablets for babies through early elementary children, from the LeapPad tablets and the LeapStart interactive book system to talking toys that teach letters and numbers. Founded in 1994, it was a leading US learning-toy brand in the 2000s and has been owned by Hong Kong's VTech since 2016. - [Lingokids](https://lingokids.com/) (Company · Madrid, Spain · founded 2015). Lingokids is a learning app for children 2 to 8 built around games, songs and videos that mix early academics such as English, letters and numbers with social-emotional skills it calls modern life skills. It is one of the most downloaded kids' learning apps and is sold by family subscription. - [Lovevery](https://lovevery.com/) (Company · Boise, ID, USA · founded 2015). Lovevery sells subscription play kits matched to a child's age from birth to about age 4, designed with child development specialists, plus a parenting app, a Montessori-inspired play gym and a reading program that teaches early phonics with books and games. It is one of the best-known US brands of developmental toys. - [Originator](https://www.originatorkids.com/) (Company · San Francisco, CA, USA · founded 2010). Originator makes animated early-learning apps for young children, including Endless Alphabet, Endless Reader, Endless Numbers and Endless Spanish, which teach letters, sight words, numbers and vocabulary through playful monsters. Its apps have been widely recommended by teachers and parents for preschool and kindergarten children. - [Osmo](https://www.playosmo.com/) (Company · Palo Alto, CA, USA · founded 2013). Osmo (from Tangible Play) makes learning games that pair an iPad or Fire tablet camera with physical pieces, so children spell with letter tiles, draw or code with blocks on the table. Byju's bought it in 2019. After Byju's US troubles, Osmo went through bankruptcy and was bought in late 2025 by a small team that relaunched its core products. - [Pok Pok](https://playpokpok.com/) (Company). Pok Pok makes a calm, open-ended digital play app for children 2 to 8 with Montessori-inspired toys and activities, with no ads, no timers and no reward loops. It is often cited as an example of slower, child-led design in kids' apps. It won an Apple Design Award and is sold by subscription. - [Sago Mini](https://sagomini.com/) (Company · Toronto, ON, Canada · founded 2011). Sago Mini makes open-ended play apps for preschoolers, such as Sago Mini World, along with toys and books, designed around imaginative play rather than quizzes. It is owned by the toy maker Spin Master, which bought it with Toca Boca in 2016, and its apps are now part of Spin Master's Piknik subscription. - [Toca Boca](https://tocaboca.com/) (Company · Stockholm, Sweden · founded 2010). Toca Boca makes digital toys for children, best known for Toca Life World (Toca Boca World), an open-ended app where kids build stories in a virtual town. It was started inside the Swedish media group Bonnier and has been owned by Spin Master since 2016. #### Coding and STEM - [Arduino](https://www.arduino.cc/) (Company · Turin, Italy · founded 2005). Arduino makes open-source microcontroller boards and software that students, makers and schools use to learn electronics and programming by building gadgets, sensors and robots. Arduino Education sells classroom kits and courses for middle school to university. Qualcomm agreed to acquire the company in 2025. - [Brilliant](https://brilliant.org/) (Company · San Francisco, CA, USA · founded 2012). Brilliant offers interactive lessons in math, science, computer science and data, built around solving visual problems instead of watching lectures. It targets motivated middle schoolers, teens and adults who want to learn by doing, and is sold by subscription. It was founded by Sue Khim in 2012. - [Codecademy](https://www.codecademy.com/) (Company · New York, NY, USA · founded 2011). Codecademy offers interactive online courses in programming languages, web development, data science and AI that run in the browser, so learners write real code from the first lesson. It is used mostly by teens and adults learning to code for school or work. The corporate-training company Skillsoft bought it in 2022. - [CodeCombat](https://codecombat.com/) (Company · San Francisco, CA, USA · founded 2013). CodeCombat teaches real Python, JavaScript and other languages through fantasy role-playing game levels in which students type code to move their hero. It sells a classroom curriculum for grades 6 to 12, including AP Computer Science Principles. Its sister game Ozaria targets middle school, and it runs AI League esports competitions for students. - [CodeHS](https://codehs.com/) (Company · San Francisco, CA, USA · founded 2012). CodeHS sells a web-based computer science curriculum, coding environment and teacher training for middle and high schools, including AP Computer Science courses and cybersecurity. In 2025 it bought Tynker, the kids' coding platform, at a bankruptcy auction after Byju's US units collapsed. - [Generation Genius](https://www.generationgenius.com/) (Company · Los Angeles, CA, USA · founded 2017). Generation Genius makes short science and math videos with lesson plans, quizzes and hands-on activities for K-8 classrooms, built around US science standards. The videos are hosted by Dr. Jeff, a scientist presenter, and kid co-hosts, and the service is sold to schools and families. - [Hopscotch](https://www.gethopscotch.com/) (Company · New York, NY, USA · founded 2013). Hopscotch makes a block-based coding app for iPad and iPhone where children ages 8 and up build and share their own games, art and animations. Kids remix one another's projects in a moderated community for young creators. It was started in 2013 by Samantha John and Jocelyn Leavitt. - [iD Tech](https://www.idtech.com/) (Company · Campbell, CA, USA · founded 1999). iD Tech runs summer technology camps and online classes for ages 7 to 19 in coding, game design, robotics, filmmaking and AI. Its camps have been held on dozens of university campuses since 1999, and it also offers private online lessons with instructors. - [KinderLab Robotics](https://kinderlabrobotics.com/) (Company · Waltham, MA, USA · founded 2013). KinderLab Robotics makes KIBO, a screen-free robot for children ages 4 to 7 that they program by arranging and scanning wooden blocks, decorating it with art supplies. It grew out of research by Marina Umaschi Bers's DevTech group at Tufts University on teaching young children coding through play. - [KiwiCo](https://www.kiwico.com/) (Company · Mountain View, CA, USA · founded 2011). KiwiCo sells monthly hands-on project crates in science, engineering, art and design for babies through teens, each with materials and illustrated instructions for a build such as a working machine, circuit or art project. It also sells kits to schools and homeschoolers. It was founded by Sandra Oh Lin. - [Kodable](https://www.kodable.com/) (Company · San Francisco, CA, USA · founded 2012). Kodable teaches coding to elementary students, from early sequencing puzzles that kindergartners solve without reading to JavaScript lessons for older kids. Teachers get ready-made lesson plans that do not require a computer science background. It has a free classroom version and a paid family plan. - [Labster](https://www.labster.com/) (Company · Copenhagen, Denmark · founded 2012). Labster makes virtual laboratory simulations in biology, chemistry, physics and health sciences for high schools and universities. Students run experiments in a 3D lab that would be costly, slow or dangerous in a real one, guided by a virtual assistant. It is used by many universities and online science courses. - [LEGO Education](https://education.lego.com/) (Company · Billund, Denmark · founded 1980). LEGO Education, the school division of the LEGO Group, sells hands-on STEM kits for classrooms, including the SPIKE Prime and SPIKE Essential robotics sets with app-based coding, and supports the FIRST LEGO League competition. It retired the long-running Mindstorms line in 2022. - [Makeblock](https://www.makeblock.com/) (Company · Shenzhen, China · founded 2013). Makeblock makes STEM robot kits such as the mBot line, the mBlock coding environment based on Scratch that also supports Python, and the CyberPi microcontroller for classrooms. Its products are used in schools and student robotics competitions in many countries, and it runs the MakeX robotics competition. - [Ozobot](https://ozobot.com/) (Company · Redondo Beach, CA, USA · founded 2012). Ozobot (made by Evollve) makes small robots that children program either by drawing color-code lines on paper, which works without a screen, or with OzoBlockly block coding. They are used in K-12 classrooms to teach early coding and STEM, with lesson plans for teachers. - [Primo Toys](https://primotoys.com/) (Company · London, UK · founded 2013). Primo Toys makes Cubetto, a wooden robot that children aged 3 and up program by placing colored instruction blocks on a board, with no screen or reading needed. Funded through Kickstarter, it is an early example of screen-free coding toys inspired by the Logo turtle and Montessori ideas. - [Roblox](https://corp.roblox.com/) (Company · San Mateo, CA, USA · founded 2004). Roblox is an online game platform where users, many of them children, play and build games, with education programs that teach coding through Roblox Studio. Lawsuits and state attorney general actions over child exploitation on the platform led it to require age checks for chat from late 2025 to early 2026 and to split accounts into age tiers in 2026. - [Sphero](https://sphero.com/) (Company · Boulder, CO, USA · founded 2010). Sphero makes programmable robots and STEM kits for classrooms, including the ball-shaped Sphero BOLT, the Indi robot for early grades, the RVR, and littleBits electronic building blocks, which it bought in 2019. Its Sphero Edu app lets students code robots with drawing, blocks or JavaScript. - [Tynker](https://www.tynker.com/) (Company · Mountain View, CA, USA · founded 2012). Tynker makes block-based and text coding courses and games for children ages 5 and up, including Minecraft modding and Roblox lessons, used by families and schools. Byju's bought it in 2021; in 2025 CodeHS acquired it in a bankruptcy court auction for about $2.2 million. - [VEX Robotics](https://www.vexrobotics.com/) (Company · Greenville, TX, USA). VEX Robotics, a brand of Innovation First International, makes robot building systems for elementary through college, from VEX 123 and GO to VEX V5, and the VEX Robotics Competition, one of the largest student robotics competitions in the world. In 2026 it split from the RECF foundation and set up a new foundation to run its competitions. - [Wonder Workshop](https://www.makewonder.com/) (Company · San Mateo, CA, USA · founded 2012). Wonder Workshop makes the Dash and Dot robots for young children and the Cue robot for older students, programmed through block-based apps and text code. Its robots are used in elementary classrooms to teach sequencing, loops and problem solving, and it runs the Wonder League robotics competition for students. #### Language learning and online courses - [2U (edX)](https://2u.com/) (Company · Lanham, MD, USA · founded 2008). 2U builds and runs online degree programs, bootcamps and short courses for universities and owns edX, the course platform started by Harvard and MIT, which it bought in 2021. Revenue-sharing deals with universities drew criticism and regulatory attention. It filed for Chapter 11 in July 2024 and came out as a private company later that year. - [Babbel](https://www.babbel.com/) (Company · Berlin, Germany · founded 2007). Babbel makes a subscription language-learning app with short lessons in 14 languages written by language teachers, focused on real-life conversation. It adds live online classes and Babbel Speak, an AI speaking-practice feature introduced in 2025. It is used mainly by adults. - [Busuu](https://www.busuu.com/) (Company · London, UK · founded 2008). Busuu is a language-learning app that pairs short lessons with feedback on learners' writing and speaking exercises from a community of native speakers, plus live classes. It teaches more than a dozen languages and is used mostly by adults. Chegg bought it in 2021. - [Cambly](https://www.cambly.com/) (Company · San Francisco, CA, USA · founded 2013). Cambly connects English learners around the world with native-speaking tutors for live video conversation practice at any hour, with lessons ranging from casual chat to structured courses. Its Cambly Kids service offers lessons for children with tutors who specialize in teaching young learners. - [Coursera](https://www.coursera.org/) (Company · Mountain View, CA, USA · founded 2012). Coursera offers online courses, certificates and degrees from universities and companies, with AI features such as Coursera Coach. It was started by Stanford professors Andrew Ng and Daphne Koller and is publicly traded. In December 2025 it agreed to acquire Udemy in a deal valuing the combined company at about $2.5 billion. - [Duolingo](https://www.duolingo.com/) (Company · Pittsburgh, PA, USA · founded 2011). Duolingo makes the world's most downloaded language-learning app, built on short gamified lessons, streaks and adaptive review, plus Duolingo Math, Music and chess, the Duolingo ABC reading app for young children, and the Duolingo English Test. In 2025 its CEO's memo calling it an AI-first company that would use fewer contractors drew public backlash; it has used generative AI to build many new courses. - [Novakid](https://www.novakid.com/) (Company · founded 2017). Novakid runs live online English lessons for children ages 4 to 12 taught by native-speaking and fluent teachers using a game-based curriculum aligned with the CEFR language framework. It is sold to families in Europe, the Middle East, Latin America and other regions. - [Outschool](https://outschool.com/) (Company · San Francisco, CA, USA · founded 2015). Outschool is a marketplace of live online classes for ages 3 to 18 taught by independent teachers, on everything from math and reading to Minecraft and Taylor Swift. It grew quickly during the pandemic and is used heavily by homeschooling families. - [Praktika](https://praktika.ai/) (Company). Praktika makes a language-learning app where learners practice spoken conversations with AI-generated avatar tutors that react with faces and voices, used mostly for English. It has raised venture funding and is one of a wave of startups building language tutors on large language models. - [Preply](https://preply.com/) (Company · founded 2012). Preply is an online marketplace for one-to-one language lessons with more than 100,000 human tutors in over 90 languages, adding AI tools for practice and lesson summaries. Its founders are Ukrainian, and it reached a $1.2 billion valuation in a January 2026 funding round. - [Rosetta Stone](https://www.rosettastone.com/) (Company · Arlington, VA, USA · founded 1992). Rosetta Stone is one of the oldest language-learning software brands, known for immersion lessons that pair words with pictures and avoid translation, and for speech recognition that checks pronunciation. It is owned by IXL Learning, which bought it in 2021, and is sold to families, schools and businesses. - [Speak](https://www.speak.com/) (Company · San Francisco, CA, USA · founded 2016). Speak makes an AI speaking-practice app for language learners, focused on getting people to talk out loud in conversation with an AI tutor that gives feedback on pronunciation and grammar. It began with English learners in South Korea, has expanded to other languages and countries, and is backed by the OpenAI Startup Fund. - [Udemy](https://www.udemy.com/) (Company · San Francisco, CA, USA · founded 2010). Udemy is an online course marketplace where independent instructors sell video courses on everything from programming and data to music and design, with a large business-training arm, Udemy Business. It has added AI features for learners and instructors. Coursera agreed to acquire it in December 2025. - [VIPKid](https://www.vipkid.com/) (Company · Beijing, China · founded 2013). VIPKid once ran one of the largest online English tutoring services, connecting Chinese children with North American teachers by video. China's 2021 rules banning foreign teachers for online tutoring forced it to end that core business, and it shifted to other markets and products. #### Teacher tools and school platforms - Blooket (Company). Blooket is a quiz-game platform where teachers host review games with several game modes and collectible characters called Blooks. It became extremely popular with elementary and middle school students during the pandemic, and teachers can use question sets made by others or write their own. - [Brisk Teaching](https://www.briskteaching.com/) (Company · founded 2023). Brisk Teaching makes a Chrome extension that brings AI into the tools teachers already use, such as Google Docs and Slides, to give feedback on student writing, adjust reading levels, make quizzes and check writing history for signs of AI use. - [ClassDojo](https://www.classdojo.com/) (Company · San Francisco, CA, USA · founded 2011). ClassDojo is a communication and classroom-culture app used by teachers, families and students in a large share of US elementary schools, best known for its feedback points and messaging between teachers and parents. It has added paid family features and after-school programs. - [ClassLink](https://www.classlink.com/) (Company · Clifton, NJ, USA · founded 1998). ClassLink provides single sign-on, rostering and app-analytics tools for schools. Students reach their learning apps and files from one launchpad, and districts see which licenses are used. It competes with Clever and is used by many US districts and state education agencies. - [Clever](https://www.clever.com/) (Company · San Francisco, CA, USA · founded 2012). Clever provides single sign-on and secure student-data rostering for US K-12 schools, connecting district information systems to thousands of learning apps so students log in once, often with a badge for young children. It is used in a large majority of US schools. Kahoot! bought it in 2021. - [Curipod](https://curipod.com/) (Company · Norway). Curipod makes interactive lessons that teachers generate with AI and run live, with polls, drawings, word clouds and open responses, plus AI feedback on student writing. It is used in K-12 classrooms in the US, Europe and other regions and has a free tier for teachers. - [Curriculum Associates](https://www.curriculumassociates.com/) (Company · North Billerica, MA, USA · founded 1969). Curriculum Associates makes i-Ready, an adaptive diagnostic and instruction program for reading and math used by millions of US students, and the Ready print curriculum. It is privately held. Lawsuits filed in 2025 and 2026 challenge how i-Ready uses student data and whether its lessons are truly personalized. - [Diffit](https://web.diffit.me/) (Company · founded 2023). Diffit is an AI tool that turns any article, topic, PDF or video into leveled reading passages with vocabulary lists, questions and activities. Teachers use it to give the same grade-level content to students who read at different levels, including English learners, in many languages. - Edmodo (Company · San Mateo, CA, USA · founded 2008). Edmodo was a social learning network for K-12 classrooms, used by tens of millions of teachers and students at its peak. China's NetDragon bought it in 2018 and shut it down in September 2022. In 2023 the FTC obtained an order against it for collecting children's personal data without parental consent and using it for advertising, the first FTC order to bar an edtech company from forcing students to hand over unnecessary data. - [Edpuzzle](https://edpuzzle.com/) (Company · Barcelona, Spain · founded 2013). Edpuzzle lets teachers take any video, from YouTube or their own recordings, and add questions, voice notes and checks for understanding, then see how each student watched and answered. It has added AI to generate questions from videos. It was started in Barcelona and is widely used in US schools. - [Edthena](https://www.edthena.com/) (Company · San Francisco, CA, USA · founded 2011). Edthena makes video-based coaching software for teachers, who record their own lessons and get feedback from coaches and peers on the video. Its AI Coach guides teachers through reflecting on their teaching and planning next steps, used for professional development in US districts. - [Eduaide.AI](https://www.eduaide.ai/) (Company · founded 2022). Eduaide.AI is an AI assistant for teachers that generates lesson plans, discussion questions, games, assessments and feedback across more than 100 activity types. It is designed to keep teachers in charge of the final material and offers a free plan and paid plans for schools. - [Flint](https://www.flintk12.com/) (Company · founded 2023). Flint makes an AI platform for schools in which teachers build tutoring, practice and feedback activities for their students, set rules for what the AI may do, and see every student conversation. It works across subjects and languages and is sold to schools. - [GPTZero](https://gptzero.me/) (Company · founded 2023). GPTZero makes an AI-writing detector, started by then-Princeton student Edward Tian in January 2023, used by teachers and schools, plus tools that track a writer's process so students can show their own work. Like all AI detectors, its accuracy is debated. - [Instructure](https://www.instructure.com/) (Company · Salt Lake City, UT, USA · founded 2008). Instructure makes Canvas, one of the most widely used learning management systems in universities and K-12 schools, plus assessment tools such as Mastery Connect. KKR and Dragoneer took it private in 2024 for $4.8 billion. In April and May 2026 a criminal hacking group breached Canvas, causing outages and exposing data from thousands of institutions in what was described as the largest education data breach on record. - [Kami](https://www.kamiapp.com/) (Company · Auckland, New Zealand · founded 2013). Kami is a digital classroom tool that lets students and teachers annotate PDFs and documents, add audio and video comments and grade online, integrated with Google Classroom, Canvas and other platforms. It was started in New Zealand and is used in many US schools. It bought Book Creator in 2025. - [Kira Learning](https://www.kira-learning.com/) (Company). Kira Learning makes an AI-native platform for K-12 schools that combines curriculum, AI tutoring for students and AI grading and planning tools for teachers, with a focus on computer science and AI courses. Its chairman is AI researcher Andrew Ng, and it grew out of his AI Fund. - [MagicSchool](https://www.magicschool.ai/) (Company · Denver, CO, USA · founded 2023). MagicSchool makes an AI platform for teachers with dozens of tools for lesson plans, rubrics, differentiated texts, IEP drafts and parent emails, plus a student-facing side with teacher-set guardrails. It was started by a former teacher and principal, grew to millions of educators within two years, and raised a $45 million Series B in 2025. - [Merlyn Mind](https://www.merlyn.org/) (Company). Merlyn Mind builds a voice-controlled AI assistant for teachers that runs classroom technology, such as displays and slides, from the front of the room, and answers questions using education-tuned language models designed to stay on trusted sources. It sells to US school districts. - [Nearpod](https://nearpod.com/) (Company · Dania Beach, FL, USA · founded 2012). Nearpod lets teachers run interactive slide lessons in which students answer questions, draw, play games and take virtual field trips on their own devices while the teacher sees responses live. It also owns Flocabulary, the hip-hop learning video company. Renaissance bought it in 2021. - [NWEA](https://www.nwea.org/) (Company · Portland, OR, USA · founded 1977). NWEA makes MAP Growth, a computer-adaptive test that many US schools give two or three times a year to measure reading and math growth, and publishes widely cited research on learning loss and recovery. Once a nonprofit, it became part of HMH in 2023. - [Padlet](https://padlet.com/) (Company · San Francisco, CA, USA · founded 2012). Padlet makes online boards where students and teachers post text, images, links and videos together, used for brainstorming, discussion, timelines and displays of work. It has added AI features that create board templates and activities. It says about 40 million people have used it. - [PowerSchool](https://www.powerschool.com/) (Company · Folsom, CA, USA · founded 1997). PowerSchool makes student information systems, gradebooks, the Schoology learning management system and other software used by many US school districts. Bain Capital took it private in 2024. A cyberattack disclosed in late 2024 exposed personal data on tens of millions of students and teachers, and a college student later pleaded guilty to the hack. - [Renaissance](https://www.renaissance.com/) (Company · Wisconsin Rapids, WI, USA · founded 1984). Renaissance makes K-12 assessment and practice software, including Star Assessments, Accelerated Reader, myON, Freckle, Nearpod, and Lalilo. Accelerated Reader's points-based quizzes are among the most widely used reading programs in US schools and have long drawn debate over extrinsic rewards. - [SchoolAI](https://schoolai.com/) (Company · Utah, USA · founded 2023). SchoolAI gives teachers AI "Spaces": chat-based activities, tutors and role-plays they set up for their students. A dashboard shows teachers what each student asked and flags concerns, such as signs of distress. It also includes planning tools for teachers and sells to schools and districts. - [Seesaw](https://seesaw.com/) (Company · San Francisco, CA, USA · founded 2013). Seesaw is a digital portfolio and learning platform where elementary students post their work as photos, videos, recordings and drawings, teachers give feedback and families see it at home in their own language. It also sells literacy and math lessons and assessments for schools. - [Turnitin](https://www.turnitin.com/) (Company · Oakland, CA, USA · founded 1998). Turnitin makes plagiarism-detection and grading software used by thousands of universities and high schools, and launched an AI-writing detector in 2023. The detector has been debated over false positives, especially for non-native English writers, and some universities turned it off. It is owned by Advance Publications. - [Wayground (formerly Quizizz)](https://wayground.com/) (Company · Santa Clara, CA, USA · founded 2015). Wayground, known until 2025 as Quizizz, makes gamified quizzes and interactive lessons for K-12 classrooms that students play at their own pace on their own devices. It has added AI tools that build quizzes from any text or video and adapt materials for students with different needs, and it is used in many countries. #### AI robots and toys - [Curio](https://heycurio.com/) (Company). Curio makes plush AI toys for young children, Grem, Gabbo and Grok (no relation to xAI's chatbot), that hold voice conversations through a large language model and an app for parents. Its launch with the musician Grimes drew wide coverage and questions from child-development experts about AI companions for preschoolers. - Embodied (Company · Pasadena, CA, USA · founded 2016). Embodied made Moxie, a $799 social robot for children ages 5 to 10 designed to build social and emotional skills through conversation. The company shut down in December 2024 after a funding deal fell through, and the cloud-dependent robots stopped working, a widely cited case of what happens to kids' AI devices when a company closes. It later released an open-source option for owners. - [FoloToy](https://folotoy.com/) (Company). FoloToy makes AI-powered plush toys, including the Kumma teddy bear, that talk with children using large language models. In November 2025 a US PIRG Education Fund report found Kumma could be led into discussing sexual topics and dangerous objects; OpenAI cut off its access and the company paused sales to run a safety review. - [Luka (Ling Technology)](https://www.ling.ai/) (Company · Beijing, China). Ling Technology makes Luka, an owl-shaped reading robot that recognizes the pages of printed picture books with its camera and reads them aloud to children, in English and Chinese. It now also markets the Luka AI Cube and other AI companion devices that talk with children and act as language partners. - [Mattel](https://corporate.mattel.com/) (Company · El Segundo, CA, USA · founded 1945). Mattel is one of the world's largest toy makers (Barbie, Fisher-Price, Hot Wheels). In June 2025 it announced a strategic partnership with OpenAI to bring AI into toys and its internal work, which drew public objections from child advocacy groups. It had earlier sold Hello Barbie (2015), a talking doll that raised privacy concerns because it recorded children's speech. - [Miko](https://miko.ai/) (Company · Mumbai, India · founded 2015). Miko (from Emotix) makes small talking robots for children ages 5 to 10, such as Miko 3 and Miko Mini, that play games, answer questions, tell stories and run learning content, with a paid Miko Max subscription for licensed shows and apps. It is one of the most widely sold AI companion robots for kids, with sales in the US, India and other countries. - [tonies](https://tonies.com/) (Company · Düsseldorf, Germany · founded 2014). tonies makes the Toniebox, a screen-free speaker for young children that plays stories and songs when a child places a collectible character figure on top, and the Tonies figures themselves, including licensed characters and recordable Creative-Tonies. It is listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange and sells in Europe and North America. - [UBTECH Robotics](https://www.ubtrobot.com/) (Company · Shenzhen, China · founded 2012). UBTECH makes humanoid and educational robots, including Jimu building kits, Alpha robots and AI education kits for schools, as well as Walker humanoid robots. It is listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange and is a major supplier of AI education programs to Chinese schools. - [VTech](https://www.vtech.com/en/about-us/history/) (Company · Hong Kong · founded 1976). VTech makes electronic learning toys, kids' tablets and smartwatches, and owns LeapFrog. A 2015 breach exposed data on millions of parents and children, and in 2018 it paid $650,000 to settle FTC charges that it violated the children's privacy law COPPA, the first COPPA case involving internet-connected toys. - [Yoto](https://yotoplay.com/) (Company · London, UK · founded 2017). Yoto makes screen-free audio players for children, the Yoto Player and Yoto Mini, that play audiobooks, music, podcasts and radio from physical cards, with no camera, ads or open internet. Its card library includes classic children's books and learning content, and parents can make their own cards. #### Kids' devices and safety tech - [Aura](https://www.aura.com/) (Company · Boston, MA, USA · founded 2017). Aura sells identity-theft and online-safety protection for families, including the parental controls it gained by buying Circle in 2023 and AI-based alerts about children's online interactions. It also publishes research on kids' digital wellbeing and screen use, and sells its family plans directly to parents by subscription. - [Bark Technologies](https://www.bark.us/) (Company · Atlanta, GA, USA · founded 2015). Bark makes parental monitoring software that scans children's texts, email, social media and web activity for signs of bullying, self-harm, predators and other risks and alerts parents, plus the Bark Phone and a kids' smartwatch. It offers a free version, Bark for Schools, to monitor school accounts. - [Canopy](https://canopy.us/) (Company). Canopy makes parental-control software that uses on-device AI to blur explicit images in real time, including in browsers and apps, and to detect when children try to send explicit photos. It also offers web filtering, screen-time controls and removal-prevention features. - [Gabb](https://gabb.com/) (Company · Lehi, UT, USA · founded 2018). Gabb sells phones and smartwatches for kids and teens without open internet, social media or app stores, offering parent-approved apps, location tracking and a curated music service, Gabb Music. It runs its own wireless service and is one of several "safe phone" makers that grew with parent worries about smartphones. - [Gaggle](https://www.gaggle.net/) (Company · Dallas, TX, USA · founded 1999). Gaggle monitors students' school email, documents and chat for signs of self-harm, violence and abuse, with human reviewers who alert school staff. It is used by many US districts. Reporting by news outlets and studies have raised concerns about false alarms, LGBTQ students being outed, and the privacy cost of round-the-clock monitoring. - [GoGuardian](https://www.goguardian.com/) (Company · Los Angeles, CA, USA · founded 2014). GoGuardian makes web filtering, classroom screen-monitoring and student-safety software for school Chromebooks, along with the Pear Deck interactive lesson tool it merged with. Its Beacon product flags online signs of self-harm. Civil liberties groups have questioned how such monitoring affects student privacy. - [iFlytek](https://www.iflytek.com/en/) (Company · Hefei, China · founded 1999). iFlytek is a Chinese speech-recognition and AI company with a large education business, selling AI learning tablets for children, smart classroom systems and automated grading for Chinese schools, built on its Spark (Xinghuo) language models. It has faced US export restrictions over human-rights concerns. - [k-ID](https://www.k-id.com/) (Company · Singapore · founded 2023). k-ID builds age-assurance and parental-consent tools that help game and app makers follow children's privacy and safety laws in different countries. Parents can approve features, such as chat, for each child in one place. It is used by game studios and was founded in Singapore in 2023. - [Life360](https://www.life360.com/) (Company · San Francisco, CA, USA · founded 2008). Life360 makes a family location-sharing app, along with Tile trackers and crash detection, used by tens of millions of families to see where children and teens are. It has faced scrutiny over past sales of location data, which it said it stopped in 2022. - [Lightspeed Systems](https://www.lightspeedsystems.com/) (Company · Austin, TX, USA · founded 1999). Lightspeed Systems makes web filtering, device management, classroom monitoring and safety-alert tools for K-12 schools, and bought the STOPit anonymous reporting app in 2025. It is one of the largest suppliers of filtering to US districts. In 2026 a security flaw was reported in its classroom Chrome extension. - [NetEase Youdao](https://www.youdao.com/) (Company · Beijing, China · founded 2006). NetEase Youdao, a unit of the gaming company NetEase listed in New York, makes dictionary pens and other learning devices, the Youdao dictionary and translation apps, and AI tutoring built on its Ziyue education language model, sold mainly in China. - [Pinwheel](https://www.pinwheel.com/) (Company · Austin, TX, USA). Pinwheel makes a smartphone for kids built on Android in which parents choose every app and contact, see texts and set schedules, with no web browser by default. It was started by a father who wanted a middle path between a flip phone and a full smartphone, and it has added PinwheelGPT, a kid-focused AI chatbot whose conversations parents can review. - [PRIVO](https://www.privo.com/) (Company). PRIVO helps companies comply with children's privacy laws such as COPPA, offering identity, parental-consent and age-verification services for apps, games and websites. It runs one of the FTC-approved COPPA Safe Harbor programs, which certify that member companies follow the law. - [Qoria (Linewize)](https://qoria.com/) (Company · Perth, Australia). Qoria, formerly Family Zone, owns school safety brands such as Linewize and Smoothwall, offering web filtering, classroom management and student wellbeing monitoring sold in Australia, the UK and the US. It also sells parental-control tools to families and is listed on the Australian Securities Exchange. - [Qustodio](https://www.qustodio.com/) (Company · Barcelona, Spain · founded 2012). Qustodio makes parental-control software for phones, tablets and computers that filters websites, sets screen-time limits, tracks location and reports on app use. It publishes an annual report on children's app and screen habits based on anonymized data from families who use it. - [Securly](https://www.securly.com/) (Company · San Jose, CA, USA · founded 2013). Securly makes web filtering, classroom management and student wellness monitoring for schools, including alerts on signs of self-harm or bullying. It also offers a parent app that shows children's activity on school-issued devices, and sells to many US school districts. - [SuperAwesome](https://www.superawesome.com/) (Company · London, UK · founded 2013). SuperAwesome makes kid-safe technology for apps, games and advertisers, including Kids Web Services for verified parental consent and advertising tools that do not track children, to help companies follow laws such as COPPA. Epic Games bought it in 2020 and uses its tools in Fortnite and other games. - [Troomi](https://troomi.com/) (Company · Utah, USA). Troomi Wireless sells smartphones for kids with parent-managed apps, contacts and web filtering, designed to grow with the child, starting close to a basic phone and adding freedom over time. It is one of several Utah-based kid phone companies and runs its own wireless service. - [Xplora](https://www.xplora.com/) (Company · Oslo, Norway · founded 2016). Xplora makes smartwatch phones for children with calling, messaging, step counting and GPS location but no open internet or social media, marketed as a first device before a smartphone. It sells mainly in Europe and is listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange. - [Yoti](https://www.yoti.com/) (Company · London, UK · founded 2014). Yoti makes digital identity and age-assurance technology, including facial age estimation that guesses a person's age from a selfie without storing it, used by social platforms and websites to meet child-safety laws. Its accuracy across ages and skin tones and its data practices have been debated; Spain's data protection agency fined it in 2026. #### Edtech holding companies and publishers - [Amplify](https://amplify.com/) (Company · Brooklyn, NY, USA · founded 2000). Amplify publishes K-12 curricula including Amplify CKLA and Core Knowledge-based literacy, Amplify Science and Desmos-based math, the mCLASS early reading assessment with DIBELS 8, and Boost Reading. It bought the Desmos classroom curriculum in 2022 and Mathigon's Polypad in 2023; in 2025 Desmos Classroom was renamed Amplify Classroom. - [Byju's](https://byjus.com/) (Company · Bengaluru, India · founded 2011). Byju's was once India's most valuable startup, selling app-based tutoring and test prep and buying Western edtech companies including Epic, Tynker, Osmo and Great Learning. It collapsed amid disputes with lenders over a $1.2 billion loan, delayed accounts and aggressive sales tactics; its US units went through bankruptcy and its parent company is in insolvency proceedings in India. - [Cambium Learning Group](https://www.cambiumlearning.com/) (Company · Dallas, TX, USA). Cambium Learning Group is the parent of Lexia (reading software and LETRS teacher training), ExploreK12 (Learning A-Z and ExploreLearning), Voyager Sopris Learning, Time4Learning, Kurzweil Education and Cambium Assessment, which runs online state tests. It is owned by Veritas Capital, which also owns HMH. - [Cengage Group](https://www.cengagegroup.com/) (Company · Boston, MA, USA · founded 2007). Cengage publishes higher education and school textbooks and digital courseware, including the Cengage Unlimited subscription, MindTap and National Geographic Learning for English and K-12 content. Owned by Apollo Global Management, it filed confidentially in 2026 for an initial public offering. - [Discovery Education](https://www.discoveryeducation.com/) (Company · Charlotte, NC, USA · founded 2004). Discovery Education sells digital curriculum, video and science resources to K-12 schools, including the Mystery Science elementary science program and, since 2023, DreamBox adaptive math and Reading Plus. Once part of Discovery Communications, it is now owned by the private equity firm Clearlake Capital. - [Highlights for Children](https://www.highlights.com/) (Company · Columbus, OH, USA · founded 1946). Highlights for Children publishes the long-running Highlights magazine, known for its Hidden Pictures puzzles and Goofus and Gallant, plus Highlights High Five for preschoolers, activity books and puzzle apps. Founded in 1946 by Garry Cleveland Myers and Caroline Clark Myers, it is still family-owned. - [HMH (Houghton Mifflin Harcourt)](https://www.hmhco.com/) (Company · Boston, MA, USA · founded 1832). HMH publishes K-12 curricula such as Into Reading and Into Math, owns the Heinemann professional publisher and the NWEA assessment organization (since 2023), and sells the Writable AI writing-feedback tool. Veritas Capital took it private in 2022 for about $2.8 billion. - [Imagine Learning](https://www.imaginelearning.com/) (Company · Tempe, AZ, USA). Imagine Learning sells K-12 digital curricula and courseware, including Imagine Language & Literacy for English learners, Imagine Math, Edgenuity online courses used for credit recovery and virtual classes, and a certified edition of the Illustrative Mathematics curriculum. Its products are used in many US districts. - [IXL Learning](https://www.ixl.com/) (Company · San Mateo, CA, USA · founded 1998). IXL Learning makes IXL, an adaptive practice program used by millions of K-12 students, and owns a family of learning brands: Rosetta Stone, Education.com, Teachers Pay Teachers, Wyzant tutoring, ABCya, Vocabulary.com and, since October 2026, NoRedInk. It is privately held. - [Kahoot!](https://kahoot.com/) (Company · Oslo, Norway · founded 2013). Kahoot! makes game-based quiz software used in classrooms and workplaces worldwide, and owns the Clever school sign-on platform, the DragonBox math apps, Drops language app and Poio reading app. An investor group led by Goldman Sachs Asset Management took it private in 2024 for about $1.7 billion. - [McGraw Hill](https://www.mheducation.com/) (Company · Columbus, OH, USA · founded 1888). McGraw Hill publishes K-12 curricula, higher education courseware and adaptive programs such as ALEKS for math and Connect, and is adding generative AI assistants to its programs. Owned by Platinum Equity since 2021, it returned to the stock market with a New York Stock Exchange listing in July 2025. - [Pearson](https://www.pearson.com/) (Company · London, UK · founded 1844). Pearson is one of the world's largest education companies, now focused on assessment and qualifications (including Pearson VUE and UK exams such as Edexcel), virtual schools through Connections Academy, English language learning, higher education courseware and workforce skills. It sold its US K-12 curriculum business, now Savvas, in 2019. UK exam regulator Ofqual fined it in 2025 over exam-security breaches. - [Savvas Learning Company](https://www.savvas.com/) (Company · founded 2019). Savvas, formerly Pearson's US K-12 courseware business, publishes core curricula such as enVision Mathematics, myView Literacy and Miller & Levine Biology, with digital platforms used by many US schools. It took its new name after the private equity firm Nexus Capital Management bought the business in 2019. - [Scholastic](https://www.scholastic.com/) (Company · New York, NY, USA · founded 1920). Scholastic is the largest publisher and distributor of children's books in the world, running school book fairs and book clubs and publishing series such as Harry Potter in the US and Clifford the Big Red Dog, plus classroom magazines. It launched the free Scholastic TV streaming app in 2025. A 2025 data breach exposed customer contact details. - [Stride (K12)](https://www.stridelearning.com/) (Company · Reston, VA, USA · founded 2000). Stride, formerly K12 Inc., runs online public and private schools and sells online curriculum, career courses and tutoring, serving a large share of US virtual-school students. Online charter schools it manages have long drawn scrutiny over student outcomes, and in 2026 its schools were affected by the Canvas data breach. - [TAL Education Group](https://en.100tal.com/) (Company · Beijing, China · founded 2003). TAL Education is one of China's largest education companies, listed in New York, known for its Xueersi tutoring brand. After China's 2021 tutoring rules it moved into learning devices, enrichment and AI learning tools, including its MathGPT model. In 2025 it bought the US children's reading app Epic out of Byju's bankruptcy. ### Nonprofits, labs and funders Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/who/organizations #### Foundations and funders - [Annie E. Casey Foundation](https://www.aecf.org/) (Foundation · Baltimore, MD, USA · founded 1948). Foundation set up by UPS founder Jim Casey and his siblings to improve the futures of children and families in the US. It publishes the annual KIDS COUNT Data Book, which ranks states on child well-being, and funds work in child welfare, juvenile justice, family economic success and early learning. - [Arnold Ventures](https://www.arnoldventures.org/) (Foundation · Houston, TX, USA · founded 2008). Philanthropy of John and Laura Arnold, founded as the Laura and John Arnold Foundation and restructured in 2019. It funds evidence-based policy across criminal justice, health, public finance and education, and is known for paying for rigorous evaluations and for its support of evidence standards in social programs. - [Axim Collaborative](https://www.axim.org/) (Nonprofit · Cambridge, MA, USA · founded 2021). Nonprofit formed by Harvard and MIT with about $800 million from the sale of edX to 2U. It funds and builds work that helps underserved learners reach good jobs through online and technology-enabled learning, and stewards the Open edX platform. - [Ballmer Group](https://ballmergroup.org/) (Foundation · USA · founded 2015). Philanthropy of Steve and Connie Ballmer that funds efforts to improve economic mobility for children and families in the US, with concentrated work in Washington State, Los Angeles and Detroit. Grants cover early learning, K-12, behavioral health, data and government capacity. - [Bernard van Leer Foundation](https://vanleerfoundation.org/) (Foundation · The Hague, Netherlands · founded 1949). Dutch foundation, now calling itself the Van Leer Foundation, that has focused on young children since 1949. It funds programs and research on babies, toddlers and their caregivers, including its Urban95 initiative on designing cities for young children, and it publishes the Early Childhood Matters journal on early childhood policy. - [Bezos Family Foundation](https://www.bezosfamilyfoundation.org/) (Foundation · Seattle, WA, USA · founded 2000). Foundation led by Jackie and Mike Bezos that funds early learning and youth programs. Its best-known project is Vroom, a free set of science-based tips and an app that help parents turn everyday moments like mealtime and bath time into brain-building moments for children from birth to age five. It also runs Students Rebuild and supports youth leadership programs. - [Bloomberg Philanthropies](https://www.bloomberg.org/) (Foundation · New York, NY, USA). Philanthropy of Michael R. Bloomberg that gives billions of dollars a year across public health, climate, cities, the arts and education. Its education work supports charter school growth and career and technical education, including a $250 million initiative announced in 2023 to create healthcare-focused high schools. - [Carnegie Corporation of New York](https://www.carnegie.org/) (Foundation · New York, NY, USA · founded 1911). Foundation created by Andrew Carnegie. Its education program funds work on student-centered learning, pathways from high school to college and career, and public understanding of education, alongside programs on democracy and international peace. It is a long-time funder of education policy research and journalism. - [Chan Zuckerberg Initiative](https://chanzuckerberg.com/) (Foundation · Redwood City, CA, USA · founded 2015). Philanthropy founded by Priscilla Chan and Mark Zuckerberg, organized as an LLC. Its education work helped launch the Summit Learning program (later Gradient Learning) and funded research on whole-child learning. In 2025 it gathered its education work into Learning Commons, which builds open datasets and tools meant to make AI products for schools more accurate and better aligned to learning science. Most of its spending now goes to science and its Biohub network. - [David and Lucile Packard Foundation](https://www.packard.org/) (Foundation · Los Altos, CA, USA · founded 1964). Foundation created by HP co-founder David Packard and his wife Lucile. Its Children, Families, and Communities program funds early childhood development and early learning in California, including support for parents, child care providers and early education policy, alongside programs in conservation, climate, science and reproductive health worldwide. - [Gates Foundation](https://www.gatesfoundation.org/) (Foundation · Seattle, WA, USA · founded 2000). One of the world's largest private foundations, formerly the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Its US education work centers on K-12 math, including AI-powered tools for teachers and students, and on college completion. In 2025 it said it would spend more than $200 billion over 20 years and close in 2045. Its 2025 budget was about $8.7 billion across health, development and education. - [Google.org](https://www.google.org/) (Foundation · Mountain View, CA, USA · founded 2005). Google's philanthropic arm. It has funded computer science and AI-literacy education for students and teachers, including grants to groups that train teachers to use AI, along with grants for online safety, economic opportunity and crisis response. Its grants are mostly invitation-only, plus periodic open calls such as AI accelerator programs for nonprofits. - [Heising-Simons Foundation](https://www.hsfoundation.org/) (Foundation · Los Altos, CA, USA · founded 2007). Family foundation in Los Altos, California, that funds climate, science, human rights and education. Its education program supports early childhood education, including early math, the early education workforce and families, and research on how young children learn, working with early learning programs, researchers and policymakers. - [Jacobs Foundation](https://jacobsfoundation.org/) (Foundation · Zurich, Switzerland · founded 1989). Swiss foundation set up by entrepreneur Klaus J. Jacobs that funds learning sciences research and evidence-based education worldwide. It runs the Jacobs Foundation Research Fellowship for early-career researchers, supports programs in Cote d'Ivoire, Switzerland and Colombia, and has backed edtech evidence work and the Learning Engineering Tools Competition. - [John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation](https://www.macfound.org/) (Foundation · Chicago, IL, USA · founded 1978). Large private foundation known for the MacArthur Fellows program. From 2006 it ran a decade-long Digital Media and Learning initiative that funded research on how young people learn with digital media and produced the connected learning model. Its current focus areas include climate, criminal justice and nuclear risk rather than education. - [Joyce Foundation](https://www.joycefdn.org/) (Foundation · Chicago, IL, USA · founded 1948). Private foundation that funds policy work in the Great Lakes region. Its Education and Economic Mobility program supports better public schools, teacher quality and college and career pathways, with grants also in democracy, climate, journalism, culture and gun violence prevention. - [Kapor Foundation](https://kaporfoundation.org/) (Foundation · Oakland, CA, USA). Foundation of Mitch Kapor and Freada Kapor Klein, based in Oakland, that works to make technology and computer science education more equitable. It funds research and policy on who gets access to CS education, supports programs for students of color, and publishes frameworks for responsible and culturally responsive AI education. - [LEGO Foundation](https://learningthroughplay.com/) (Foundation · Billund, Denmark · founded 1986). Foundation that owns 25 percent of the LEGO Group and funds research and programs on learning through play for young children. It publishes research on playful learning, backs early childhood programs for refugee and crisis-affected children, and partners with universities and NGOs worldwide. - [Mastercard Foundation](https://mastercardfdn.org/) (Foundation · Toronto, Canada · founded 2006). One of the largest private foundations in the world, focused on young people in Africa and Indigenous youth in Canada. Its Young Africa Works strategy and Scholars Program fund secondary and higher education, and it has backed edtech and digital learning research across the continent. - [Michael & Susan Dell Foundation](https://www.dell.org/) (Foundation · Austin, TX, USA · founded 1999). Foundation of Michael and Susan Dell that funds education, family economic stability and health in the United States, India and South Africa. In education it has backed school data systems, charter networks, and programs that help low-income students get to and finish college, and it says it has made $10 billion in commitments since 1999. - [Nesta](https://www.nesta.org.uk/) (Foundation · London, UK · founded 1998). UK innovation agency for social good, now an independent charity. Its fairer start mission works on narrowing the gap in outcomes for young children before they start school, including tools for parents and early years settings, and it has run edtech testbeds and research on technology in schools and on AI. - [Nuffield Foundation](https://www.nuffieldfoundation.org/) (Foundation · London, UK · founded 1943). Independent UK charity that funds research on education, welfare and justice to inform policy. It has a long history in education research and curriculum development, set up the Ada Lovelace Institute on data and AI and the Nuffield Council on Bioethics, and runs open grant rounds for research projects in the UK. - [Oak Foundation](https://oakfnd.org/) (Foundation · Geneva, Switzerland · founded 1983). International foundation based in Geneva whose Prevent Child Sexual Abuse program is one of the main funders of work to keep children safe online, including research, helplines and advocacy for safer technology design. It also funds work on climate, housing and homelessness, human rights, and learning differences such as dyslexia. - [Omidyar Network](https://omidyar.com/) (Foundation · Redwood City, CA, USA · founded 2004). Social change venture set up by eBay founder Pierre Omidyar and Pam Omidyar. It once invested in edtech and global education and now focuses on responsible technology, including funding work on kids' online safety, AI accountability and fair digital markets. - [Overdeck Family Foundation](https://overdeck.org/) (Foundation · New York, NY, USA · founded 2011). Foundation of John and Laura Overdeck that funds programs to help children reach their potential, with focus areas in early childhood, K-12 math and literacy, out-of-school learning, and STEM interest. It is known for backing programs with evidence behind them and for funding rigorous evaluation. Laura Overdeck also founded the Bedtime Math nonprofit. - [Raikes Foundation](https://www.raikesfoundation.org/) (Foundation · Seattle, WA, USA · founded 2002). Foundation of Jeff and Tricia Raikes, focused on young people. Its program areas include education equity in US schools, ending youth homelessness, and helping donors give more effectively. Jeff Raikes was an executive at Microsoft and later CEO of the Gates Foundation. - [Renaissance Philanthropy](https://www.renaissancephilanthropy.org/) (Foundation · USA · founded 2024). Nonprofit that designs and runs science and technology funds for donors, led by former White House science adviser Tom Kalil. It took over the Learning Engineering Tools Competition in 2024 and runs the AI for Math Fund with XTX Markets, among other programs on AI for learning and research. - [Robin Hood](https://www.robinhood.org/) (Foundation · New York, NY, USA · founded 1988). Poverty-fighting organization founded by investor Paul Tudor Jones that funds programs in New York City, including early childhood, K-12 and college programs. It measures grantees by their impact on poverty and has run funds for learning technology and early childhood innovation. - [Schmidt Sciences](https://www.schmidtsciences.org/) (Foundation · New York, NY, USA · founded 2024). Nonprofit founded by Eric and Wendy Schmidt to fund science and technology research, spun out of Schmidt Futures in 2024. Its programs include AI2050 fellowships and research on the science of AI safety. Schmidt Futures earlier was a major backer of learning engineering, including the Learning Engineering Tools Competition and the Learning Engineering Virtual Institute. - [Siegel Family Endowment](https://www.siegelendowment.org/) (Foundation · New York, NY, USA · founded 2011). Foundation established by David Siegel, co-founder of Two Sigma, that funds work on how technology is changing learning, work and civic infrastructure. It has supported computer science education, AI literacy, and research on the future of learning, and it publishes its grants and research online. - [Simons Foundation](https://www.simonsfoundation.org/) (Foundation · New York, NY, USA · founded 1994). Foundation started by Jim and Marilyn Simons that funds research in mathematics and the basic sciences. Its outreach and education programs support math and science teaching and public engagement, and Jim Simons also founded Math for America, which supports math and science teachers in public schools. - [Spencer Foundation](https://www.spencer.org/) (Foundation · Chicago, IL, USA · founded 1962). Foundation dedicated to funding education research, set up by Lyle Spencer, founder of Science Research Associates. Unlike most funders it runs open grant competitions, including Small Research Grants (up to $50,000) and Large Research Grants, plus postdoctoral fellowships with the National Academy of Education. It is a main source of field-initiated education research funding in the US. - [Stand Together](https://standtogether.org/) (Foundation · Arlington, VA, USA). Philanthropic community founded by Charles Koch that funds work in education, the economy, criminal justice and other areas. In education it backs personalized and student-driven learning outside the traditional system, and it co-founded the VELA Education Fund with the Walton Family Foundation. - [Sutton Trust](https://www.suttontrust.com/) (Foundation · London, UK · founded 1997). UK foundation founded by Sir Peter Lampl to improve social mobility through education. It runs summer schools and access programs for students from low-income backgrounds and publishes research on inequality in education, and it helped set up the Education Endowment Foundation. - [Tools Competition](https://tools-competition.org/) (Coalition · USA · founded 2020). Annual prize competition, formerly the Learning Engineering Tools Competition, that funds teams building education technology tools along with datasets researchers can use. Winners get grants at several tiers, from small catalyst awards to larger growth awards, across tracks such as K-12 teaching, assessment and postsecondary learning. It is a program of Renaissance Philanthropy, organized by The Learning Agency, with applications opening each year. - [VELA Education Fund](https://velaedfund.org/) (Foundation · USA · founded 2019). Fund started by the Walton Family Foundation and Stand Together that gives small grants to everyday entrepreneurs running learning programs outside the conventional school system, such as microschools, learning pods, homeschool co-ops and enrichment programs. It runs open application rounds. - [W.K. Kellogg Foundation](https://www.wkkf.org/) (Foundation · Battle Creek, MI, USA · founded 1930). Foundation started in 1930 by cereal maker W.K. Kellogg that funds work so children can thrive. Its grants cover early childhood education, family economic security, community engagement and racial equity, with priority places in Michigan, Mississippi, New Mexico and New Orleans and work with partners in Mexico and Haiti. - [Wallace Foundation](https://wallacefoundation.org/) (Foundation · New York, NY, USA). Foundation built on the funds of Reader's Digest founders DeWitt and Lila Acheson Wallace. It funds large, multi-year projects with school districts and arts groups, then publishes free research on what it learns, on topics such as school principals, summer learning, social and emotional learning and arts education. - [Walton Family Foundation](https://www.waltonfamilyfoundation.org/) (Foundation · Bentonville, AR, USA · founded 1987). Family foundation of the Walmart founders' heirs and one of the largest US funders of K-12 education, especially charter schools and school choice. It also supports new learning models, co-founded the VELA Education Fund, and pays for Gallup surveys on Gen Z and on how teachers use AI. It accepts some unsolicited inquiries through its K-12 program. - [William and Flora Hewlett Foundation](https://hewlett.org/) (Foundation · Menlo Park, CA, USA · founded 1966). Large private foundation whose education program has long funded open educational resources (OER), a field it helped create, along with deeper learning in US schools and education research in East and West Africa. It generally makes grants by invitation rather than through open calls. - [William T. Grant Foundation](https://wtgrantfoundation.org/) (Foundation · New York, NY, USA · founded 1936). Foundation that funds research to improve the lives of young people ages 5 to 25. It runs open grant programs on reducing inequality and on improving how research is used in policy and practice, and the William T. Grant Scholars career awards for early-career researchers. - [XPRIZE Foundation](https://www.xprize.org/) (Nonprofit · USA · founded 1994). Nonprofit that runs large incentive prizes. Its $15 million Global Learning XPRIZE challenged teams to build tablet software that lets children in low-resource settings teach themselves reading, writing and math; it was won jointly in 2019 by Kitkit School and onebillion after field tests in Tanzania. The Barbara Bush Foundation Adult Literacy XPRIZE followed. - [Yidan Prize Foundation](https://yidanprize.org/) (Foundation · Hong Kong · founded 2016). Foundation created by Tencent co-founder Charles Chen Yidan that awards the Yidan Prize for Education Research and the Yidan Prize for Education Development each year. Each prize is worth HK$30 million, half as a cash award and half as a project fund. Nominations open annually. #### Edtech investors and accelerators - [4.0 Schools](https://4pt0.org/) (Nonprofit · New Orleans, LA, USA · founded 2010). Nonprofit incubator, based in New Orleans, that helps educators, parents and community members test and launch new kinds of schools and learning programs. It backs ideas early through small pilots and fellowships such as the Tiny Fellowship, and many of its founders have started microschools, tutoring programs and edtech tools. - [Brighteye Ventures](https://www.brighteyevc.com/) (Investor · Europe). European venture capital firm that invests at pre-seed to Series A in education and learning technology startups, from early childhood through workforce learning, and increasingly in tools that help people learn, work and adapt alongside AI. It publishes an annual report on European edtech funding that is widely cited in the sector. - [Emerge Education](https://emerge.education/) (Investor · London, UK). London-based pre-seed investor in education, careers and workforce technology startups in the UK and Europe, including AI tools for learning at work. It is known for its community of education leaders and investors who advise portfolio companies, and it publishes research on edtech and the future of skills. - [Emerson Collective](https://www.emersoncollective.com/) (Investor · Palo Alto, CA, USA · founded 2004). Organization founded by Laurene Powell Jobs that combines philanthropy, impact investing and advocacy across education, immigration, health, the environment and media. In education it funds new school models and teacher programs, and it created and funds the XQ Institute, which works on redesigning American high schools. - [GSV Ventures](https://gsv.ventures/) (Investor · USA). Venture firm that invests in education and workforce technology startups, part of the GSV group led by Michael Moe and Deborah Quazzo. GSV co-hosts the annual ASU+GSV Summit with Arizona State University in San Diego, one of the biggest yearly gatherings of edtech founders, investors, school leaders and policymakers, and the AIR Show on AI in education. - Imagine K12 (Investor · Palo Alto, CA, USA · founded 2011). Edtech startup accelerator that ran from 2011 to 2016, when it merged into Y Combinator. It was started by former tech executives Tim Brady, Geoff Ralston and Alan Louie, and its alumni include classroom apps such as ClassDojo and Remind. - [Kapor Capital](https://www.kaporcapital.com/) (Investor · Oakland, CA, USA). Impact venture fund of Mitch Kapor and Freada Kapor Klein that invests in seed-stage startups that close gaps of access and opportunity for low-income communities and communities of color, including education and learning companies. It asks portfolio companies to commit to diversity and inclusion goals, and its founders also run the Kapor Foundation. - [Learn Capital](https://www.learncapital.com/) (Investor · USA · founded 2008). Venture capital firm focused on education technology, founded by Greg Mauro and Rob Hutter. It invests in companies that use technology to change how people learn and build skills, from K-12 and higher education through workforce and lifelong learning, in the United States and abroad, and it publishes a newsletter and insights on learning markets. - [LearnLaunch](https://learnlaunch.org/) (Nonprofit · Boston, MA, USA). Boston-based nonprofit that supports the education technology community in New England. It has run an annual conference for educators, founders and investors, programs that help schools choose and adopt digital learning tools, and an accelerator that helped early-stage education startups get started and connect with schools. - [NewSchools Venture Fund](https://www.newschools.org/) (Investor · Oakland, CA, USA · founded 1998). Nonprofit venture philanthropy founded by Kim Smith with backing from venture capitalists including John Doerr. It raises money from donors and invests in new public schools, education entrepreneurs and edtech tools, often with a focus on learners from low-income communities. - [Owl Ventures](https://owlvc.com/) (Investor · San Francisco, CA, USA · founded 2014). One of the largest venture capital firms dedicated to education technology, founded in 2014 by Tory Patterson and Amit Patel. It invests in companies across pre-K, K-12, higher education and workforce learning around the world, at stages from early to growth, and has backed many widely used learning apps and platforms. - [Reach Capital](https://www.reachcapital.com/) (Investor · USA · founded 2015). Early-stage venture capital firm that began in education, spun out of the NewSchools Venture Fund seed fund in 2015, and now invests in learning, health and work startups. Its partners include former teachers, and its learning portfolio runs from early childhood through careers, including AI tools for students and teachers. It publishes playbooks and research for founders on building products for schools. - [Rethink Education](https://rethink-capital.com/) (Investor · New York, NY, USA). Venture capital strategy of Rethink Capital Partners, an impact investment manager, that invests in education technology and future-of-work startups. Its focus is on companies that widen access to learning and good jobs for learners and workers who are underserved, from K-12 through adult skills. It sits alongside the firm's Rethink Food and Rethink Impact strategies. #### Government programs and public funders - [AI Leap (TI-Hüpe), Estonia](https://tihupe.ee/) (Government · Tallinn, Estonia · founded 2025). Estonian national program, started in 2025, that gives upper-secondary students and teachers access to AI learning tools from partners including OpenAI and Anthropic, along with teacher training. It follows Estonia's earlier Tiger Leap program, which brought computers and internet into schools in the 1990s. - [AI-ALOE (National AI Institute for Adult Learning and Online Education)](https://aialoe.org/) (Research center · Atlanta, GA, USA · founded 2021). NSF-funded AI institute led by Georgia Tech that studies AI for adult and online learning. It is known for Jill Watson, an AI teaching assistant first used in Georgia Tech online courses, and for tools that help instructors and learners in large online classes. - [Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corporation_for_Public_Broadcasting) (Government · Washington, DC, USA · founded 1967). Private nonprofit created by Congress in 1967 to pass federal money to public radio and television, including PBS KIDS programming and the Ready To Learn initiative. After Congress rescinded its federal funding in July 2025, it announced in August 2025 that it would shut down, and its board voted to dissolve the corporation on January 5, 2026, leaving stations and children's programs to find other funding. - [ED/IES Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR)](https://ies.ed.gov/sbir/) (Government · Washington, DC, USA). Federal program run by the Institute of Education Sciences that gives small businesses phased awards to research, build and test education technology products for students, teachers and schools. Phase I awards fund prototypes and Phase II awards fund full development and pilot studies; past projects include learning games and tools for children with disabilities. - [Education Endowment Foundation (EEF)](https://educationendowmentfoundation.org.uk/) (Foundation · London, UK · founded 2011). UK charity set up with a government grant by the Sutton Trust and Impetus to find out what works in schools. It runs randomized trials and publishes the Teaching and Learning Toolkit, a summary of evidence on teaching approaches. A 2024 EEF trial found ChatGPT cut science teachers' lesson planning time with no drop in quality. - Education Innovation and Research (EIR) program (Government · Washington, DC, USA). US Department of Education grant program, created under the Every Student Succeeds Act of 2015, that funds the development, testing and scaling of education programs. Its grant tiers are tied to the strength of each program's evidence: early-phase grants for new ideas, mid-phase grants for promising programs, and expansion grants for programs with strong evidence. Many edtech and tutoring programs have been evaluated through it. - [Engage AI Institute (NSF AI Institute for Engaged Learning)](https://engageai.org/) (Research center · Raleigh, NC, USA · founded 2021). NSF-funded AI institute led by North Carolina State University that builds AI-driven, story-based learning environments. Students learn science and other subjects by solving problems in game-like worlds with AI characters, and the institute studies how natural language, narrative and multimodal learning analytics can make learning more engaging. - [eSafety Commissioner](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESafety_Commissioner) (Government · Australia · founded 2015). Australia's online safety regulator, often described as the first of its kind. It handles complaints about cyberbullying and image-based abuse, sets industry codes, and enforces the country's minimum age of 16 for social media accounts, which took effect in December 2025. - [Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)](https://www.nichd.nih.gov/) (Government · Bethesda, MD, USA · founded 1962). Institute of the US National Institutes of Health that funds research on child development, including long-running research on how children learn to read and on learning disabilities. It co-sponsored the National Reading Panel, whose 2000 report shaped reading instruction in the US. - [European Commission](https://commission.europa.eu/) (Government · Brussels, Belgium). The executive branch of the European Union. It enforces the Digital Services Act, which bans targeted ads to minors and requires platforms to protect children, published 2025 guidelines on protecting minors online, and oversees the AI Act through its AI Office. - [Federal Trade Commission (FTC)](https://www.ftc.gov/) (Government · Washington, DC, USA · founded 1914). US consumer protection agency that enforces the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA), which limits how apps and websites collect data from children under 13. It finalized major updates to the COPPA Rule in 2025 and in September 2025 ordered several AI chatbot companies to report on how their companion bots affect children and teens. - [Information Commissioner's Office (ICO)](https://ico.org.uk/) (Government · Wilmslow, UK). The UK data protection regulator. It wrote the Age Appropriate Design Code, also called the Children's Code, which since 2021 has set 15 standards for online services likely to be used by children, such as high privacy by default. The code inspired similar laws elsewhere. - [Institute of Education Sciences (IES)](https://ies.ed.gov/) (Government · Washington, DC, USA · founded 2002). The research, statistics and evaluation arm of the US Department of Education, created by the Education Sciences Reform Act of 2002. It funds education research grants, runs the What Works Clearinghouse, which reviews evidence on programs, and houses the National Center for Education Statistics. In 2025 many of its contracts and staff were cut, a move that drew wide debate among researchers. - [INVITE Institute (NSF AI Institute for Inclusive Intelligent Technologies for Education)](https://invite.illinois.edu/) (Research center · Urbana, IL, USA · founded 2023). NSF-funded AI institute led by the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign that develops AI tools to support skills such as persistence, academic resilience and collaboration in STEM learning. It works with schools and informal learning settings to make these tools fit students from many backgrounds, including in elementary and middle school. - [National AI Institute for Exceptional Education](https://www.buffalo.edu/ai4exceptionaled.html) (Research center · Buffalo, NY, USA · founded 2023). NSF-funded AI institute led by the University at Buffalo that builds AI tools to help children with speech and language processing challenges, including a screener to flag children who may need help early and an assistant that helps speech-language pathologists plan support. - [National Center for Education Statistics (NCES)](https://nces.ed.gov/) (Government · Washington, DC, USA). The federal statistics agency for US education, part of IES. It runs the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), the Nation's Report Card, and collects data on schools, students and outcomes that researchers and journalists use to track learning trends. - [NSF AI Institute for Student-AI Teaming (iSAT)](https://www.colorado.edu/research/ai-institute/) (Research center · Boulder, CO, USA · founded 2021). NSF-funded AI institute led by the University of Colorado Boulder that builds AI partners for classroom group work. Its systems listen to small-group discussions in middle school classrooms and help students and teachers collaborate, and it does research on privacy, consent and classroom ethics alongside teachers and students. - [NSF Directorate for STEM Education](https://www.nsf.gov/edu) (Government · Alexandria, VA, USA). The National Science Foundation directorate that funds research and programs in STEM learning, known as EHR until 2023. Its programs include Discovery Research PreK-12, ITEST, Computer Science for All and research on emerging technologies for teaching and learning. Like the rest of NSF, it saw large grant terminations and budget pressure in 2025. - [NSF National AI Research Institutes](https://www.nsf.gov/funding/opportunities/national-artificial-intelligence-research-institutes) (Government · Alexandria, VA, USA · founded 2020). NSF-led program, with federal and industry partners, that funds multi-university AI research institutes at about $20 million each over five years. Several focus on education, including institutes on student-AI teaming, engaged learning, adult learning, exceptional education and inclusive learning technologies. - [Oak National Academy](https://www.thenational.academy/) (Government · UK · founded 2020). Public body set up during the 2020 school closures that provides free, optional curriculum resources and video lessons for teachers in England. In 2024 it launched Aila, an AI lesson assistant that drafts lesson plans and resources from Oak's own curriculum content, with safety checks. - [Ofcom](https://www.ofcom.org.uk/) (Government · London, UK · founded 2003). The UK communications regulator, which enforces the Online Safety Act 2023. Its Protection of Children Codes took effect in July 2025 and require services likely to be used by children to run age checks and filter harmful content, with fines for breaches. - [Ready To Learn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ready_to_Learn) (Government · Washington, DC, USA). US Department of Education grant program that funds CPB and PBS to create educational TV, games and apps that build early math and literacy skills for children ages 2 to 8, especially from low-income families, and to study whether they work. - [South Korea Ministry of Education](https://english.moe.go.kr/) (Government · Sejong, South Korea). South Korea's education ministry, known in the AI debate for rolling out AI-powered digital textbooks in schools in March 2025. After pushback from teachers and parents over cost, screen time and readiness, lawmakers reclassified them in August 2025 as optional supplementary materials. - [UK Department for Education](https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/department-for-education) (Government · London, UK). The UK government department responsible for schools and children's services in England. It has published policy on generative AI in education, product safety expectations for AI tools used in schools, and funding for AI tools that help teachers with planning and marking. - [UK Research and Innovation (UKRI)](https://www.ukri.org/) (Government · Swindon, UK · founded 2018). The UK's national research funder, bringing together nine councils including the Economic and Social Research Council, which funds education and child development research. Other councils fund AI research and responsible AI programs, and UKRI runs open competitions that researchers in universities and other organizations can apply to. - [US Department of Education Office of Educational Technology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_of_Educational_Technology) (Government · Washington, DC, USA). Office of the US Department of Education that set national education technology policy. It published the National Educational Technology Plan, the 2023 report Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Teaching and Learning, and a 2024 toolkit for safe, ethical and equitable AI integration in schools. Its staff was cut in the department's 2025 reductions and its website, tech.ed.gov, now redirects to the main department site. - [White House Task Force on Artificial Intelligence Education](https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/04/advancing-artificial-intelligence-education-for-american-youth/) (Government · Washington, DC, USA · founded 2025). Task force created by an April 2025 executive order on advancing AI education for American youth, chaired by the director of the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy. It runs the Presidential AI Challenge for students and teachers and gathers company pledges to provide AI training and resources to schools. #### International and multilateral bodies - [EdTech Hub](https://edtechhub.org/) (Nonprofit · London, UK · founded 2019). Global research partnership, funded by the UK government and others, that studies how technology can improve education in low- and middle-income countries. It runs a helpdesk for governments, publishes open evidence reviews, and has a growing body of work on AI in education. - [Global Partnership for Education (GPE)](https://www.globalpartnership.org/) (Coalition · Washington, DC, USA · founded 2002). The largest global fund dedicated to education in lower-income countries, a partnership of governments, donors, international bodies, companies and civil society. It funds national education plans in more than 90 countries, with a focus on foundational learning, girls' education and children in crisis settings, and it is raising money for its 2026-2030 strategy. - [OECD Directorate for Education and Skills](https://www.oecd.org/en/about/directorates/directorate-for-education-and-skills.html) (Government · Paris, France). Education arm of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. It runs PISA, the international test of 15-year-olds, whose 2025 round added an assessment of learning in the digital world, and publishes the Digital Education Outlook and guidance on AI in education. - [UNESCO](https://www.unesco.org/) (Government · Paris, France · founded 1945). UN agency for education, science and culture. It published the first global guidance on generative AI in education and research in 2023, which suggested a minimum age of 13 for classroom use of such tools, and AI competency frameworks for students and teachers in 2024. It also tracks progress on the global education goal. - [UNICEF](https://www.unicef.org/) (Government · New York, NY, USA · founded 1946). UN agency for children's rights and well-being. Its research office, UNICEF Innocenti, published the Policy Guidance on AI for Children and studies children's digital lives, including through the Global Kids Online surveys. Its education programs support digital and remote learning in low-income and crisis settings, and it works with governments on child online protection. - [World Bank Education Global Practice](https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/edutech) (Government · Washington, DC, USA). The World Bank's education team, which lends to and advises governments on schooling. Its EdTech team studies technology in low- and middle-income countries; a 2024 pilot in Edo State, Nigeria, where students used an AI tutor in after-school sessions, reported large gains in English. #### Nonprofit builders - [ASSISTments](https://new.assistments.org/) (Nonprofit · USA). Free online math homework and practice platform, created by Neil and Cristina Heffernan at Worcester Polytechnic Institute, that gives students immediate feedback and gives teachers reports on what students got wrong. A large randomized trial in Maine found it improved middle school math scores, and it is a common platform for learning research. - [Benetech](https://benetech.org/) (Nonprofit · Palo Alto, CA, USA). Nonprofit technology company founded by Jim Fruchterman that runs Bookshare, a large online library of accessible ebooks for people with print disabilities such as blindness, low vision and dyslexia. Bookshare is free for qualifying US students, and Benetech also works on tools that make digital textbooks and math content accessible. - [CAST](https://www.cast.org/) (Nonprofit · Wakefield, MA, USA · founded 1984). Nonprofit research and development group that created the Universal Design for Learning (UDL) framework, which asks educators to design lessons that work for every learner from the start, including students with disabilities. It publishes the UDL Guidelines, last revised in 2024, and runs accessibility and professional learning programs. - [CK-12 Foundation](https://www.ck12.org/) (Nonprofit · Palo Alto, CA, USA · founded 2007). Nonprofit founded in 2007 by Neeru Khosla and Murugan Pal that provides free, customizable digital textbooks called FlexBooks, plus practice, videos and simulations for K-12 math and science. It offers Flexi, an AI tutor built into its lessons, and is widely used by teachers and students in the US and abroad. - [Digital Promise](https://digitalpromise.org/) (Nonprofit · Washington, DC, USA · founded 2011). Nonprofit authorized by Congress in 2008 to spur innovation in education. It runs the League of Innovative Schools network of districts, product certifications such as Research-Based Design for edtech products, and research and guidance on AI in K-12, including frameworks for evaluating AI tools. - [Dolly Parton's Imagination Library](https://imaginationlibrary.com/) (Nonprofit · Pigeon Forge, TN, USA · founded 1995). Book-gifting program started by singer Dolly Parton in Tennessee that mails a free, age-appropriate book every month to enrolled children from birth until they begin school, in partnership with local groups and state governments that share the cost. It operates in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Ireland and Australia and is one of the largest early literacy programs in the world. - [EdReports](https://edreports.org/) (Nonprofit · USA). Independent nonprofit that reviews K-12 curriculum in math, English language arts and science against standards and publishes free reports. Its reviews are used by many districts and states to choose instructional materials, and some publishers and researchers have debated its criteria. - [Edutopia](https://www.edutopia.org/) (Nonprofit · San Rafael, CA, USA · founded 1991). Free publication of the George Lucas Educational Foundation, founded by filmmaker George Lucas in 1991, that shares classroom practices backed by research. Its articles and videos, written largely by and for preK-12 teachers, cover topics such as project-based learning, social and emotional learning, classroom management and AI in the classroom. - [ETS](https://www.ets.org/) (Nonprofit · Princeton, NJ, USA · founded 1947). Nonprofit testing and education research organization, founded in 1947 in Princeton, known for the TOEFL and GRE exams. It does research on assessment, measurement of skills and automated scoring of writing and speech, and was a founding partner of the TeachAI coalition on AI guidance for schools. - [Illustrative Mathematics](https://illustrativemathematics.org/) (Nonprofit · USA · founded 2011). Nonprofit that writes problem-based math curriculum for grades K-12, released under an open license and also sold through partner publishers. Founded by mathematician William McCallum, one of the lead writers of the Common Core math standards, its curriculum is among the most widely used in the US. - [Khan Academy](https://www.khanacademy.org/) (Nonprofit · Mountain View, CA, USA · founded 2008). Nonprofit offering free online lessons and practice in math, science, reading and more, from early learners (Khan Academy Kids) through high school and test prep. In 2023 it launched Khanmigo, an AI tutor and teaching assistant built on OpenAI models that is designed to guide students with questions rather than hand them answers; Microsoft funding made the teacher version free in the US. - [Learning Ally](https://learningally.org/) (Nonprofit · Princeton, NJ, USA · founded 1948). Nonprofit, founded in 1948 as Recording for the Blind, that provides human-read audiobooks and literacy support to students with dyslexia, blindness, low vision and other print disabilities. It offers its audiobook library through schools, trains teachers on dyslexia and structured literacy, and supports parents of struggling readers. - [Learning Commons](https://learningcommons.org/) (Nonprofit · Redwood City, CA, USA · founded 2025). Education initiative of the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative that builds open AI infrastructure for developers of learning tools. Its offerings include a knowledge graph linking standards, curriculum and learning progressions, evaluators that check AI output against learning science, and a curriculum sync tool, all meant to make AI products for schools more accurate. - [Learning Equality](https://learningequality.org/) (Nonprofit · San Diego, CA, USA). Nonprofit that builds Kolibri, a free, open-source learning platform that works offline on low-cost devices, so schools and communities without reliable internet can use curated lessons, videos and exercises. It is used in many countries through NGOs, refugee programs and ministries of education, and it builds tools for aligning content to local curricula. - [OpenStax](https://openstax.org/) (Nonprofit · Houston, TX, USA · founded 2012). Nonprofit at Rice University, founded in 2012 by Rice professor Richard Baraniuk, that publishes free, openly licensed, peer-reviewed textbooks for college and high school courses. Its books are used by millions of students to cut textbook costs, and it also researches adaptive learning and AI tools for students. - [Pratham](https://www.pratham.org/) (Nonprofit · Mumbai, India · founded 1995). One of India's largest education nonprofits. It runs the Annual Status of Education Report (ASER), a household survey of children's basic reading and math, and developed Teaching at the Right Level, an approach that groups children by skill rather than grade and has strong evidence from randomized trials. - [Reach Out and Read](https://reachoutandread.org/) (Nonprofit · Boston, MA, USA · founded 1989). Nonprofit that works through pediatricians and family doctors, who give a new book to children at checkups from infancy to age five and coach parents on reading aloud. It began at Boston City Hospital in 1989 and says it serves more than 4.8 million children a year in the US. - [Room to Read](https://www.roomtoread.org/) (Nonprofit · San Francisco, CA, USA · founded 2000). Global nonprofit founded in 2000 by former Microsoft executive John Wood that runs literacy programs in low-income countries in Asia and Africa. It trains teachers, publishes children's books in local languages, supports girls through secondary school with life skills programs, and runs a free digital library of storybooks. - [Saga Education](https://www.saga.org/) (Nonprofit · USA · founded 2014). Nonprofit that runs high-dosage math tutoring built into the school day, where trained tutors work with small groups of students every day. Randomized trials by the University of Chicago Education Lab found large gains in math, and it now develops AI tools to help its tutors. - [Schoolhouse.world](https://schoolhouse.world/) (Nonprofit · USA · founded 2020). Free online tutoring nonprofit started by Sal Khan in which volunteer tutors, many of them high school and college students, lead small-group sessions over video in math, SAT prep and other subjects. Tutors are certified by passing a review process, and learners can earn verified records of their work. - [Student Achievement Partners](https://achievethecore.org/) (Nonprofit · New York, NY, USA · founded 2011). Nonprofit founded in 2011 by lead writers of the Common Core standards that helps teachers use high-quality curriculum and standards-aligned practice in math and literacy. Its Achieve the Core website offers free lesson materials and tools, and it supports teachers and school systems through coaching and research on reading and math instruction. - [The Learning Agency](https://the-learning-agency.com/) (Nonprofit · Washington, DC, USA). Nonprofit that works to improve learning with data science and technology. It runs open data science competitions on platforms such as Kaggle, for example on automated feedback for student writing, builds public education datasets for AI researchers, and publishes research on learning engineering. - [The Reading League](https://www.thereadingleague.org/) (Nonprofit · Syracuse, NY, USA · founded 2017). Nonprofit that promotes reading instruction based on the science of reading. It trains teachers, publishes a journal and a compass for evaluating curriculum, and has become a central voice in the US movement to change how schools teach children to read. - [Understood.org](https://www.understood.org/) (Nonprofit · New York, NY, USA · founded 2014). Nonprofit, launched in 2014, for people who learn and think differently, such as those with ADHD and dyslexia. It turns research on neurodivergence into plain-language guides, podcasts and tools for parents, educators and adults, written with experts in learning differences, and offers community support for families. - [Worldreader](https://www.worldreader.org/) (Nonprofit · San Francisco, CA, USA · founded 2010). Nonprofit that works to get families reading by providing digital books and reading programs to children and caregivers in low-income settings. Its BookSmart app offers a free library of children's books in many languages, and it partners with schools, libraries and governments to support reading at home. - [XQ Institute](https://xqsuperschool.org/) (Nonprofit · Oakland, CA, USA · founded 2015). Nonprofit created by Laurene Powell Jobs and the Emerson Collective to rethink US high school. It ran the XQ Super School Project, which funded new school designs, and works with districts and states on high school redesign and student-centered learning. - [Zearn](https://about.zearn.org/) (Nonprofit · New York, NY, USA). Nonprofit behind Zearn Math, an online K-8 math program with video lessons and practice that pairs with classroom teaching and is free for teachers and families. Its anonymized usage data has been used in economic research on how pandemic school closures affected learning. #### Computer science and AI literacy - [AI4K12](https://ai4k12.org/) (Coalition · USA · founded 2018). Joint initiative of the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI) and CSTA to develop national guidelines for teaching AI in K-12. It is known for the Five Big Ideas in AI framework: perception, representation and reasoning, learning, natural interaction and societal impact. - [aiEDU (The AI Education Project)](https://www.aiedu.org/) (Nonprofit · USA · founded 2019). National nonprofit, founded in 2019 by Alex Kotran, that works to make AI literacy and AI readiness a core part of every student's education. It offers free lessons and projects for K-12 classrooms, trains teachers, and works with districts and states on AI readiness frameworks and policy. - [Black Girls CODE](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Girls_Code) (Nonprofit · USA · founded 2011). Nonprofit founded in 2011 by electrical engineer Kimberly Bryant that teaches coding and technology skills to Black girls and other girls of color through workshops, summer camps, hackathons and clubs. Its goal is to increase the number of women of color working in technology by reaching them early, and it has run chapters in many US cities and abroad. - [CodeAI (formerly Code.org)](https://code.org/) (Nonprofit · Seattle, WA, USA · founded 2013). Nonprofit founded in 2013 by brothers Hadi and Ali Partovi as Code.org to expand computer science in schools; it renamed itself CodeAI in June 2026 as it widened its mission to AI and digital fluency. It provides free K-12 computer science and AI curricula and teacher training, runs the Hour of Code, now the Hour of AI, advocates for state CS policies, and co-founded the TeachAI coalition. - [Computer Science Teachers Association (CSTA)](https://csteachers.org/) (Nonprofit · USA · founded 2004). Professional association for K-12 computer science teachers, founded in 2004. It publishes the CSTA K-12 Computer Science Standards used by many states, runs an annual conference and local chapters for teacher support, and co-founded the AI4K12 initiative with AAAI to define what students should learn about AI. - [CSforALL](https://www.csforall.org/) (Nonprofit · New York, NY, USA). National hub for the computer science for all movement in US schools. It helps districts plan computer science and AI education through its SCRIPT planning process, convenes a network of member organizations, runs initiatives such as Unlock8 for middle school computing, and coordinates events such as the annual CSforALL Summit. - [FIRST](https://www.firstinspires.org/) (Nonprofit · Manchester, NH, USA · founded 1989). Nonprofit founded in 1989 by inventor Dean Kamen and engineer Woodie Flowers that runs robotics programs and competitions for students from age 4 through high school. Its programs include FIRST LEGO League, FIRST Tech Challenge and the FIRST Robotics Competition, run in schools and communities around the world. - [Girls Who Code](https://girlswhocode.com/) (Nonprofit · New York, NY, USA · founded 2012). Nonprofit founded in 2012 by Reshma Saujani to close the gender gap in technology. It runs free after-school clubs, summer programs and college programs that teach girls and nonbinary students to code, and says hundreds of thousands of students have taken part. Its CEO is Tarika Barrett. - [ISTE+ASCD](https://iste.org/) (Nonprofit · Arlington, VA, USA). Education association formed when the International Society for Technology in Education (ISTE) and ASCD joined. It publishes the ISTE Standards for students and educators, hosts the ISTELive conference, offers AI training for teachers, and owns the edtech news site EdSurge. - [MIT App Inventor](https://appinventor.mit.edu/) (Research center · Cambridge, MA, USA). Free, block-based tool for building mobile apps, first developed at Google and moved to MIT in 2011, where Hal Abelson and colleagues lead it. Students and teachers around the world use it to learn programming, and it includes tools for building simple AI apps. - [MIT RAISE (Responsible AI for Social Empowerment and Education)](https://raise.mit.edu/) (Research center · Cambridge, MA, USA). MIT initiative that researches and builds K-12 AI education, led by Cynthia Breazeal. It runs Day of AI, a free annual program with classroom lessons on how AI works and how to use it responsibly, and develops tools for students to build their own AI projects. - [Raspberry Pi Foundation](https://www.raspberrypi.org/) (Nonprofit · Cambridge, UK · founded 2008). UK charity that makes computing education resources and is linked to the low-cost Raspberry Pi computer. It runs Code Club and CoderDojo clubs worldwide, the Isaac Computer Science platform, and Experience AI, a free AI-literacy program for ages 11 to 14 built with Google DeepMind. - [Scratch Foundation](https://www.scratchfoundation.org/) (Nonprofit · Boston, MA, USA). Nonprofit that supports Scratch, the free block-based programming language and online community created at the MIT Media Lab's Lifelong Kindergarten group and launched in 2007. Children use Scratch to make games, stories and animations; ScratchJr brings the same idea to ages 5 to 7. - [TeachAI](https://www.teachai.org/) (Coalition · USA · founded 2023). Coalition launched in 2023 by Code.org, ETS, ISTE, Khan Academy and the World Economic Forum, with many advisory partners, to help schools teach with and about AI. It publishes the AI Guidance for Schools Toolkit, which many US states and districts have drawn on for their policies. - [Technovation](https://technovation.org/) (Nonprofit · USA · founded 2006). Global tech education nonprofit, formerly Iridescent, founded by Tara Chklovski. Its Technovation Girls program challenges girls to build mobile apps and AI projects that solve community problems, with mentors guiding teams in more than 160 countries, and it has run AI education programs for families. #### Children's media - [Fred Rogers Institute](https://www.fredrogersinstitute.org/) (Nonprofit · Latrobe, PA, USA). Institute at Saint Vincent College that carries on the work of Fred Rogers of Mister Rogers' Neighborhood. It studies and teaches his approach to helping children through simple, caring human interaction, runs programs for educators and helpers, and keeps his archive. - [PBS KIDS](https://pbskids.org/) (Nonprofit · Arlington, VA, USA · founded 1999). The children's service of the Public Broadcasting Service, offering free educational shows, games and apps for ages 2 to 8, such as Daniel Tiger's Neighborhood, Wild Kratts and Molly of Denali. It builds its media around learning goals and research, much of it funded through Ready To Learn grants. - [Reading Rockets](https://www.readingrockets.org/) (Nonprofit · Arlington, VA, USA). Free website and media project from public broadcaster WETA that explains how young children learn to read and how adults can help. It offers articles, videos, classroom strategies and interviews with reading researchers for parents and teachers, with special attention to struggling readers and the science of reading. - [Sesame Workshop](https://www.sesameworkshop.org/) (Nonprofit · New York, NY, USA · founded 1968). Nonprofit, founded as the Children's Television Workshop by Joan Ganz Cooney and Lloyd Morrisett, that makes Sesame Street and other educational media for young children worldwide. It pairs its shows with research on what children learn from them and runs programs for children affected by crisis. A 2025 deal put new seasons on Netflix, with episodes also on PBS. #### Online safety and advocacy - [5Rights Foundation](https://5rightsfoundation.com/) (Nonprofit · London, UK). UK charity founded by filmmaker and House of Lords member Beeban Kidron that works for a digital world designed with children's rights in mind. It pushed for the UK's Age Appropriate Design Code, works on similar laws abroad, and publishes research and legal challenges on AI and children. - [AAP Center of Excellence on Social Media and Youth Mental Health](https://www.aap.org/en/patient-care/media-and-children/center-of-excellence-on-social-media-and-youth-mental-health/) (Nonprofit · Itasca, IL, USA · founded 2023). Center run by the American Academy of Pediatrics since 2023, with federal funding, that gives families, pediatricians, educators and teens evidence-based guidance on social media and mental health. It runs a question portal for parents and clinicians and offers the Family Media Plan tool. - [All Tech Is Human](https://alltechishuman.org/) (Nonprofit · New York, NY, USA). Nonprofit, founded by David Ryan Polgar, that builds a community around responsible technology through events, reports, mentoring and a job board. With Thorn it led the 2024 Safety by Design for generative AI principles, a set of commitments to prevent AI misuse against children. - [Center for Democracy & Technology (CDT)](https://cdt.org/) (Nonprofit · Washington, DC, USA · founded 1994). Nonprofit that works on civil liberties and technology policy. Its education team runs national surveys of students, parents and teachers on student privacy, school surveillance tools and the use of AI in schools, and advises schools on responsible data use. - [Center for Humane Technology](https://www.humanetech.com/) (Nonprofit · San Francisco, CA, USA · founded 2018). Nonprofit founded by former tech workers including Tristan Harris and Aza Raskin that argues technology should be designed around human well-being rather than attention. It became widely known through the documentary The Social Dilemma and now focuses on risks from AI, including AI companions and children. - [Childnet International](https://www.childnet.com/) (Nonprofit · London, UK · founded 1995). UK charity, founded in 1995, that helps make the internet a safe and positive place for children. It offers resources for young people, parents, carers and teachers, is part of the UK Safer Internet Centre, and coordinates Safer Internet Day in the UK. - [Children and Screens: Institute of Digital Media and Child Development](https://www.childrenandscreens.org/) (Nonprofit · New York, NY, USA · founded 2013). Nonprofit, founded in 2013 by Pamela Hurst-Della Pietra, that funds and shares research on how digital media affects children's development. It brings together scientists, doctors and educators through free public webinars, research grants and conferences, and offers plain-language tips for parents. - [Children's Advertising Review Unit (CARU)](https://bbbprograms.org/programs/caru) (Nonprofit · McLean, VA, USA · founded 1974). Self-regulation program of BBB National Programs, founded in 1974, that monitors advertising and data practices aimed at children under 13. It is an FTC-approved COPPA safe harbor that certifies companies' privacy practices, and it has issued guidance on AI in children's advertising and products. - [Common Sense Media](https://www.commonsensemedia.org/) (Nonprofit · San Francisco, CA, USA · founded 2003). Nonprofit founded by Jim Steyer that rates movies, games, apps and books for age-appropriateness, teaches digital citizenship in schools, and advocates for child online safety laws. Since 2023 it has published AI risk assessments of chatbots and companion apps, and in 2025 it said social AI companions pose unacceptable risks for anyone under 18. - [ConnectSafely](https://connectsafely.org/) (Nonprofit · Palo Alto, CA, USA). Nonprofit, led by technology journalist Larry Magid, that publishes free, plain-language guides for parents, educators and teens on apps, privacy, security, scams and AI. It also hosts a podcast and organizes Safer Internet Day in the United States each February. - [Digital Wellness Lab](https://digitalwellnesslab.org/) (Research center · Boston, MA, USA). Nonprofit research institution at Boston Children's Hospital that studies how digital media affects children's health and development from birth through young adulthood. It gives families and clinicians practical, research-based advice and is led by pediatrician Michael Rich. Its resources cover topics such as sleep, gaming and social media. - [Encode](https://encodeai.org/) (Nonprofit · USA · founded 2020). Youth-led advocacy group, founded in 2020 as Encode Justice by Sneha Revanur, that campaigns for AI safety and accountability laws in the United States. It brings young people's voices into AI policy, including state bills on AI risks and protections for children. - [Fairplay](https://fairplayforkids.org/) (Nonprofit · Boston, MA, USA · founded 2000). Advocacy group, formerly the Campaign for a Commercial-Free Childhood, that campaigns against marketing to children and against tech design it says harms kids. It has filed complaints with the FTC, backed the Kids Online Safety Act, and warned parents about AI toys and chatbots for young children. - [Family Online Safety Institute (FOSI)](https://www.fosi.org/) (Nonprofit · Washington, DC, USA · founded 2007). International nonprofit, founded in 2007 and funded largely by tech company members, that works on online safety for kids and families. It publishes research on how parents and teens use technology and AI, holds policy convenings, and offers Good Digital Parenting resources for families. - [Future of Privacy Forum](https://fpf.org/) (Nonprofit · Washington, DC, USA · founded 2008). Nonprofit, founded in 2008, that brings together companies, academics and advocates on privacy policy. It runs Student Privacy Compass, a resource on student data privacy laws for schools and edtech companies, and publishes guidance on AI in education and on children's privacy laws. - [Hopelab](https://hopelab.org/) (Nonprofit · San Francisco, CA, USA · founded 2001). Social innovation lab and impact investor, founded by Pam Omidyar in 2001, that focuses on young people's mental health and technology. It co-publishes national surveys of teens and young adults, including on their use of generative AI, and invests in youth mental health startups. - [Internet Matters](https://www.internetmatters.org/) (Nonprofit · London, UK · founded 2014). UK nonprofit founded in 2014 by the country's major internet providers that gives parents advice on keeping children safe online. It offers step-by-step guides to parental controls on devices and apps and publishes research on children's use of technology, including how children use AI chatbots. - [Internet Watch Foundation (IWF)](https://www.iwf.org.uk/) (Nonprofit · Cambridge, UK · founded 1996). UK charity, founded in 1996, that finds and removes child sexual abuse imagery online and gives industry hash lists and other tools to block it. It takes anonymous reports from the public and, since 2023, has published reports tracking the rise of AI-generated child abuse imagery. - [Molly Rose Foundation](https://mollyrosefoundation.org/) (Nonprofit · London, UK). UK charity focused on suicide prevention for children and young people. It researches harmful content on social media, such as material about self-harm, gives expert-led guidance to families and schools, and campaigns for strong enforcement of the Online Safety Act. - [National Center for Missing & Exploited Children (NCMEC)](https://www.missingkids.org/) (Nonprofit · Alexandria, VA, USA · founded 1984). US nonprofit that runs the CyberTipline, where online platforms are required by law to report child sexual abuse material, and works with law enforcement on missing children cases. Its free Take It Down service helps young people remove explicit images of themselves from participating platforms. - [NSPCC](https://www.nspcc.org.uk/) (Nonprofit · London, UK · founded 1884). UK children's charity, founded in 1884, that runs the Childline helpline and campaigns for child protection, including stronger online safety laws. It publishes research on online grooming and on risks to children from generative AI, and offers advice to parents on keeping children safe online. - [ParentsTogether](https://parents-together.org/) (Nonprofit · USA). Parent-led advocacy group and news site that campaigns on family policy and children's online safety. It has run investigations of AI chatbots and apps popular with kids and supports kids' online safety legislation, alongside news and tips to help families. - [Smartphone Free Childhood](https://smartphonefreechildhood.co.uk/) (Nonprofit · UK · founded 2024). Grassroots movement started in the UK in 2024 by Daisy Greenwell and Joe Ryrie that asks parents to sign a pact to delay giving children smartphones, so that whole school communities can wait together. It spread quickly to many countries and pushes for smartphone-free schools. - [Tech Coalition](https://www.technologycoalition.org/) (Coalition · Washington, DC, USA · founded 2006). Industry alliance, founded in 2006, of more than 50 tech companies working together against online child sexual exploitation and abuse. It runs Lantern, a signal-sharing program that lets member companies share information about accounts that break child safety rules, and funds research on prevention. - [Thorn](https://www.thorn.org/) (Nonprofit · California, USA · founded 2012). Nonprofit that builds technology to fight online child sexual abuse, including Safer, a tool that helps platforms detect abuse material. In 2024, with All Tech Is Human, it led Safety by Design principles for generative AI that several major AI companies signed, and it researches risks such as AI-generated abuse images and sextortion. - [Wait Until 8th](https://www.waituntil8th.org/) (Nonprofit · USA · founded 2017). Pledge campaign, started in 2017 by Brooke Shannon, that asks parents to wait until at least the end of eighth grade before giving their child a smartphone. The pledge takes effect once ten families in a child's grade and school sign, so children are not the only one without a phone. - [WeProtect Global Alliance](https://www.weprotect.org/) (Coalition · London, UK). Global alliance of governments, tech companies and civil society groups working to end child sexual exploitation and abuse online. It publishes the Global Threat Assessment, which tracks new risks such as AI-generated abuse material, and a model national response that countries use to plan their work. #### Research centers and labs - [Alan Turing Institute](https://www.turing.ac.uk/) (Research center · London, UK · founded 2015). The UK's national institute for data science and AI, founded in 2015. Its children and AI program works with children, schools and policymakers to study how AI affects children and how to involve children in decisions about AI, including AI in education. - [American Institutes for Research (AIR)](https://www.air.org/) (Research center · Arlington, VA, USA · founded 1946). Nonprofit behavioral and social science research organization, founded in 1946, that runs education evaluations, technical assistance centers and assessment work for federal and state agencies. It also studies teacher quality, social and emotional learning and education technology. It also works on health and workforce research. - [Annenberg Institute for School Reform at Brown University](https://annenberg.brown.edu/) (Research center · Providence, RI, USA · founded 1993). Research institute at Brown University, founded in 1993, that studies how to reduce educational inequality. It runs EdWorkingPapers, a free series of education research working papers, works with nearby school districts on research, and was the first home of the National Student Support Accelerator. - [Brookings Center for Universal Education](https://www.brookings.edu/centers/center-for-universal-education/) (Research center · Washington, DC, USA · founded 2002). Center at the Brookings Institution that researches education policy around the world, including student engagement, family-school partnerships and the effects of AI on students. Its co-director Rebecca Winthrop co-wrote The Disengaged Teen, and it convenes global work on AI and education. - [Center for Digital Thriving](https://digitalthriving.gse.harvard.edu/) (Research center · Cambridge, MA, USA). Research center at Harvard's Project Zero, led by Emily Weinstein and Carrie James, that studies young people's lives online and makes tools for teens, families and schools. Its researchers wrote Behind Their Screens and have studied how teens use generative AI. - [Center for Education Policy Research at Harvard (CEPR)](https://cepr.harvard.edu/) (Research center · Cambridge, MA, USA · founded 2005). Harvard research center, led by economist Thomas Kane, that works with school agencies on data-driven policy research. With Stanford's Educational Opportunity Project it publishes the Education Recovery Scorecard, which tracks learning loss and recovery since the pandemic by school district. - [Center on Reinventing Public Education (CRPE)](https://crpe.org/) (Research center · Tempe, AZ, USA · founded 1993). Research center, founded in 1993 and now at Arizona State University, that studies how public education can change, including school choice, pandemic learning and AI in schools. It publishes regular reports on how districts and teachers are adopting AI and is led by Robin Lake. - [Center on the Developing Child at Harvard University](https://developingchild.harvard.edu/) (Research center · Cambridge, MA, USA · founded 2006). Harvard center founded in 2006 by pediatrician Jack Shonkoff that brings together research on early brain development, adversity and stress. It is known for explaining ideas like serve-and-return interaction and toxic stress to parents and policymakers in plain language. Its free briefs and videos are widely used. - [Child Trends](https://www.childtrends.org/) (Research center · Bethesda, MD, USA · founded 1979). Nonprofit research organization, founded in 1979, focused on improving the lives of children, youth and families. It publishes data and studies on early childhood, education, child welfare, health and youth development for policymakers and practitioners. Its data tools track children's well-being across states. - [Digital Futures for Children (LSE and 5Rights)](https://www.digital-futures-for-children.net/) (Research center · London, UK). Joint research center of the London School of Economics and the 5Rights Foundation, led by Sonia Livingstone, that gathers evidence on children's rights in digital environments for policymakers. Its work covers education technology, AI, data protection and children's play online. - [Educational Opportunity Project at Stanford University](https://edopportunity.org/) (Research center · Stanford, CA, USA). Research project led by sociologist Sean Reardon that built the Stanford Education Data Archive, which links test scores for nearly every US school district, and studies gaps in educational opportunity. It co-publishes the Education Recovery Scorecard with Harvard's CEPR. Its data is free to explore online. - [Erikson Institute](https://www.erikson.edu/) (Research center · Chicago, IL, USA · founded 1966). Graduate school and research center in Chicago, founded in 1966, focused entirely on early childhood development. Its Early Math Collaborative trains teachers in early math, and it works on infant and toddler policy, child welfare and media and technology for young children. - [EU Kids Online](https://www.lse.ac.uk/media-and-communications/research/research-projects/eu-kids-online) (Coalition · Europe). Multinational network of researchers across Europe, long coordinated from the London School of Economics, that surveys children about their online opportunities, risks and safety. Its comparable country surveys are a main source of data for European policy on children online. - [Florida Center for Reading Research (FCRR)](https://fcrr.org/) (Research center · Tallahassee, FL, USA · founded 2002). Research center at Florida State University, founded in 2002, that studies reading development and instruction from preschool through high school. It provides free student center activities that teachers use for literacy practice and trains teachers on reading research. Its research is used in many state reading programs. - [Haskins Laboratories](https://haskinslabs.org/) (Research center · New Haven, CT, USA · founded 1935). Independent research institute, founded in 1935 and affiliated with Yale and the University of Connecticut, that studies speech, language and reading. Its work on how the brain processes speech and print has shaped research on dyslexia and reading instruction. It trains young scientists in these fields. - [Institute for Learning & Brain Sciences (I-LABS)](https://ilabs.uw.edu/) (Research center · Seattle, WA, USA). University of Washington institute that studies how babies and young children learn, especially language. Co-directed by Patricia Kuhl and Andrew Meltzoff, it is known for research showing infants learn language sounds from live social interaction better than from screens. It shares its findings with parents and teachers. - [J-PAL (Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab)](https://www.povertyactionlab.org/) (Research center · Cambridge, MA, USA · founded 2003). Research center at MIT, co-founded by Nobel laureates Abhijit Banerjee and Esther Duflo with Sendhil Mullainathan, that runs randomized evaluations of anti-poverty programs. Its education work includes evidence on Teaching at the Right Level and on education technology in low- and middle-income countries. - [Joan Ganz Cooney Center](https://joanganzcooneycenter.org/) (Research center · New York, NY, USA · founded 2007). Research and innovation lab at Sesame Workshop, founded in 2007, that studies how digital media can help children learn. Its work covers families and technology, kids designing games, and children and AI, and it publishes reports and guides for parents, educators and product makers. - [LearnLab (Carnegie Mellon University)](https://learnlab.org/) (Research center · Pittsburgh, PA, USA · founded 2004). Research center at Carnegie Mellon, started as the NSF-funded Pittsburgh Science of Learning Center, that studies how people learn using real courses and tutoring systems. It created DataShop, a large open store of student learning data used by researchers worldwide. - [Lifelong Kindergarten (MIT Media Lab)](https://www.media.mit.edu/groups/lifelong-kindergarten/overview/) (Research center · Cambridge, MA, USA). Research group at the MIT Media Lab led by Mitchel Resnick that develops technologies and activities that help children learn through creative, playful projects, best known for creating Scratch. Its approach is summed up in the four Ps of creative learning: projects, passion, peers and play. - [MDRC](https://www.mdrc.org/) (Research center · New York, NY, USA · founded 1974). Nonprofit, nonpartisan social policy research organization, founded in 1974, known for large randomized evaluations of education and social programs. Its studies range from early childhood and K-12 programs to community college reforms, aimed at improving the lives of people with low incomes. - [MIT Media Lab](https://www.media.mit.edu/) (Research center · Cambridge, MA, USA · founded 1985). Interdisciplinary research lab at MIT, founded in 1985, whose groups have shaped children's technology. They include Lifelong Kindergarten, which created Scratch, and Personal Robots, which studies social robots and AI education for kids. It mixes computing, design and the learning sciences. - [National Student Support Accelerator (NSSA)](https://studentsupportaccelerator.org/) (Research center · Stanford, CA, USA · founded 2020). Research center, started in 2020 at Brown University's Annenberg Institute and now at Stanford, that helps schools design high-impact tutoring and studies what makes tutoring work. It publishes a tutoring toolkit and database, and it researches tools that use AI to support human tutors. - [Oxford Internet Institute](https://www.oii.ox.ac.uk/) (Research center · Oxford, UK · founded 2001). Department at the University of Oxford, founded in 2001, that studies the social effects of the internet and AI. Its researchers have published large data studies on adolescents, screen time and well-being that are widely cited on both sides of the social media and mental health debate. - [Pew Research Center](https://www.pewresearch.org/) (Research center · Washington, DC, USA · founded 2004). Nonpartisan fact tank that runs national surveys of US teens and parents on technology, social media and AI. Its surveys found in early 2025 that about a quarter of US teens had used ChatGPT for schoolwork, about double the share in 2023, and it tracks teen use of social media platforms. - [Project Tomorrow](https://tomorrow.org/) (Nonprofit · Irvine, CA, USA). Nonprofit that runs the Speak Up Research Project, a long-running national survey of K-12 students, parents and educators about technology in learning, including AI. Its reports, led by Julie Evans, are used by districts and companies to understand how students want to learn. - [Project Zero](https://pz.harvard.edu/) (Research center · Cambridge, MA, USA · founded 1967). Research center at the Harvard Graduate School of Education, founded in 1967, that studies thinking, creativity, understanding and ethics. It is known for Visible Thinking routines that teachers use worldwide and houses the Center for Digital Thriving. Its researchers have worked with schools for decades. - [RAND Education, Employment, and Infrastructure](https://www.rand.org/education-and-labor.html) (Research center · Santa Monica, CA, USA). Research division of the nonprofit RAND Corporation, formerly called RAND Education and Labor. Its American Teacher Panel and American School Leader Panel surveys track how US teachers and principals use AI and other tools, how much time teachers spend on planning, and how schools respond to new policies, and it evaluates education programs for governments and foundations. - [SRI Education](https://www.sri.com/education-learning/) (Research center · Menlo Park, CA, USA). Education research division of the nonprofit SRI International that evaluates education technology and programs for governments and foundations. Its work includes the large randomized trial of ASSISTments in Maine and studies of AI and digital learning in schools. It also studies teacher learning and STEM education. - [Stanford Accelerator for Learning](https://acceleratelearning.stanford.edu/) (Research center · Stanford, CA, USA). Stanford University initiative that connects researchers across fields to work on learning from early childhood to adulthood. Its SCALE initiative, led by Susanna Loeb, studies how AI and tutoring can speed up learning and houses the National Student Support Accelerator; it also runs an AI and education hub. - [Stanford Brainstorm Lab for Mental Health Innovation](https://www.stanfordbrainstorm.com/) (Research center · Stanford, CA, USA). Lab in Stanford's psychiatry department, led by Nina Vasan, that studies how technology affects mental health and works with companies and policymakers on safer design. In 2025 it worked with Common Sense Media on risk assessments of AI companion apps and teens. - [Stanford Institute for Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence (HAI)](https://hai.stanford.edu/) (Research center · Stanford, CA, USA · founded 2019). Stanford institute, founded in 2019, that funds and convenes AI research across fields and publishes the annual AI Index report on the state of AI. It supports research and policy work on AI in education, including the effects of AI tutors and teacher tools. - [Temple Infant & Child Lab](https://www.templeinfantlab.com/) (Research center · Philadelphia, PA, USA). Research lab at Temple University led by Kathy Hirsh-Pasek that studies how children learn language and early math, the value of playful learning, and what makes apps truly educational for young children. Its researchers co-wrote frameworks on the four pillars of learning used to judge apps. - [University of Chicago Education Lab](https://educationlab.uchicago.edu/) (Research center · Chicago, IL, USA). Research center at the University of Chicago that partners with school districts to test programs with randomized trials. It is known for studies of high-dosage math tutoring with Saga Education and of mentoring programs for young men, and for research on scaling what works. - [WestEd](https://www.wested.org/) (Research center · San Francisco, CA, USA). Nonprofit research, development and service agency that works with schools and governments on evaluation, assessment, early childhood, special education and education technology. It runs several federally funded centers and helps states design tests and school improvement programs. Its studies cover early learning through adult education. #### Coalitions and networks - [1EdTech](https://www.1edtech.org/) (Coalition · Lake Mary, FL, USA · founded 1997). Member consortium of schools, universities and edtech suppliers, formerly IMS Global, that writes technical standards such as LTI and OneRoster so learning tools work together. It runs the TrustEd Apps program for data privacy and is building standards for AI in edtech. - [CoSN (Consortium for School Networking)](https://www.cosn.org/) (Coalition · Washington, DC, USA · founded 1992). Professional association, founded in 1992, of school district technology leaders. It publishes the annual State of EdTech Leadership survey, guidance on cybersecurity and AI, and the Trusted Learning Environment seal for districts that protect student data privacy. Its members are chief technology officers and IT leaders. - [EDSAFE AI Alliance](https://www.edsafeai.org/) (Coalition · USA). Coalition led by the nonprofit InnovateEDU that sets out the SAFE framework, standing for safety, accountability, fairness and efficacy, for AI in education. It convenes policy labs with districts and states writing AI guidance and comments on federal and state AI policy. - [InnovateEDU](https://www.innovateedunyc.org/) (Nonprofit · New York, NY, USA). Nonprofit that works on education policy, data and technology infrastructure. It leads Project Unicorn, which pushes for edtech products that share data through common standards, and the EDSAFE AI Alliance on safe and fair AI in schools. It also hosted the EdTech Evidence Exchange project, which studied how school context shapes whether education technology works. - [NAEYC (National Association for the Education of Young Children)](https://www.naeyc.org/) (Coalition · Washington, DC, USA · founded 1926). Professional association of early childhood educators, founded in 1926, that accredits early learning programs and publishes guidance on developmentally appropriate practice. It has a position statement on technology and young children and publishes resources for families. It also hosts large conferences for early childhood teachers. - [SETDA (State Educational Technology Directors Association)](https://www.setda.org/) (Coalition · USA · founded 2001). Association, founded in 2001, of state and territorial education technology and digital learning leaders in the US. It publishes reports on state edtech policy, digital learning, broadband and AI guidance across states, and helps states share what they have learned. - [Student Data Privacy Consortium](https://privacy.a4l.org/) (Coalition · USA). Group of schools, districts, states and vendors, run by the Access 4 Learning Community, that shares standard student data privacy agreements. Its shared system lets districts and edtech companies sign the same contract terms and see which apps have already agreed to them. - [ZERO TO THREE](https://www.zerotothree.org/) (Nonprofit · Washington, DC, USA · founded 1977). Nonprofit, founded in 1977, focused on babies and toddlers. It shares research-based guidance with parents and professionals, trains early childhood workers, and advocates for policies supporting families with young children, including guidance on screen use for the youngest children. Its resources for parents are free online. #### Education journalism - [Chalkbeat](https://www.chalkbeat.org/) (Nonprofit · New York, NY, USA · founded 2014). Nonprofit newsroom, founded in 2014, that covers public education in US cities and states, with local bureaus in places such as New York, Chicago, Detroit and Colorado. It also reports nationally on school policy, learning recovery and AI in schools. - [EdSurge](https://www.edsurge.com/) (Nonprofit · USA · founded 2011). News site, founded in 2011, covering education technology from K-12 classrooms to higher education, including AI in schools. It is part of the nonprofit ISTE+ASCD and also publishes research, a podcast and events for educators and edtech entrepreneurs. Its reporting is read widely by teachers and founders. - [Education Week](https://www.edweek.org/) (Nonprofit · Bethesda, MD, USA · founded 1981). Independent news organization, published since 1981 by the nonprofit Editorial Projects in Education, that covers K-12 education for teachers and school leaders. Its research center surveys educators about issues such as AI use in classrooms and teacher morale. It is read widely by US educators. - [The 74](https://www.the74million.org/) (Nonprofit · USA · founded 2015). Nonprofit news outlet, founded in 2015 by former news anchor Campbell Brown and Romy Drucker, that covers US education from early childhood through college and career. Its reporting covers K-12 policy, learning loss, school choice and AI in classrooms. It also publishes commentary and data-driven explainers. - [The Hechinger Report](https://hechingerreport.org/) (Nonprofit · New York, NY, USA · founded 2010). Nonprofit newsroom, founded in 2010 and based at Teachers College, Columbia University, that reports in depth on inequality and innovation in education. Its stories use research and data to examine what works, including the evidence behind education technology and AI. ### Grants and prizes Page: https://peabody.kids/resources/who/grants #### Competitions and prizes - [AI Mathematical Olympiad (AIMO) Prize](https://aimoprize.com/) (XTX Markets · to Open to AI teams building open models that solve olympiad math · $10 million fund ($5 million grand prize plus up to $5 million in progress prizes) · 2024). A prize fund for publicly shared AI models that can reach gold-medal level at the International Mathematical Olympiad. Progress prizes have run on Kaggle since April 2024, pushing open-source math reasoning forward. - [AIMO Progress Prize 1](https://aimoprize.com/updates/2026-09-16-update-on-xtx-markets-ai-philanthropy) (XTX Markets · to Team Numina · About $264,000 prize pool · 2024). First progress prize of the AI Mathematical Olympiad, run on Kaggle in 2024 and won by Numina, whose open models and datasets for olympiad-style problems were released for others to build on, as the prize rules intend. - [AIMO Progress Prize 2](https://aimoprize.com/updates/2026-09-16-update-on-xtx-markets-ai-philanthropy) (XTX Markets · to Team NemoSkills · About $528,000 prize pool · 2025). Second progress prize of the AI Mathematical Olympiad, run on Kaggle with harder problems than round one, and won by the NemoSkills team. Winners share their models and methods openly, which is the point of the prize: better open-source math reasoning. - [CommonLit Readability Prize](https://www.kaggle.com/competitions/commonlitreadabilityprize) (CommonLit (host), on Kaggle · to Open to data scientists worldwide · 2021). A Kaggle competition to rate how hard literary passages are to read for grades 3-12 classrooms, so teachers can match texts to students more accurately than traditional readability formulas. - [Eedi: Mining Misconceptions in Mathematics](https://www.kaggle.com/competitions/eedi-mining-misconceptions-in-mathematics) (Eedi (host), on Kaggle · to Open to data scientists worldwide · 2024). A Kaggle competition hosted by Eedi to predict which math misconception explains each wrong answer choice in multiple-choice questions, so diagnostic questions can be written and tagged at scale. Eedi builds diagnostic math questions used by schools in the UK and elsewhere. - [Feedback Prize: English Language Learning](https://www.kaggle.com/competitions/feedback-prize-english-language-learning) (Georgia State University (host), on Kaggle · to Open to data scientists worldwide · 2022). A Kaggle competition to score the language skills of English language learners in grades 8-12 from their essays, aimed at better automated feedback for multilingual students. It followed the 2021 Feedback Prize on argumentative writing. - [Feedback Prize: Evaluating Student Writing](https://www.kaggle.com/competitions/feedback-prize-2021) (Georgia State University (host), on Kaggle · to Open to data scientists worldwide · 2021). A Kaggle competition to build models that identify the parts of argumentative essays written by students in grades 6-12, so automated feedback tools can help students write better. One of several Kaggle contests that produced open education datasets. - [Global Learning XPRIZE](https://www.xprize.org/competitions/global-learning) (XPRIZE (benefactors incl. Elon Musk, the DeVos and Tony Robbins foundations) · to onebillion and Enuma (Kitkit School), joint grand prize winners · $15 million total purse; $10 million grand prize shared · 2019). A five-year contest for open-source tablet software that lets children in low-resource areas teach themselves reading, writing and math. A 15-month field test with about 2,500 children in 141 Tanzanian villages ended in a tie between onebillion's onecourse and Enuma's Kitkit School. - [Learning Agency Lab: Automated Essay Scoring 2.0](https://www.kaggle.com/competitions/learning-agency-lab-automated-essay-scoring-2) (The Learning Agency Lab (host), on Kaggle · to Open to data scientists worldwide · 2024). A Kaggle competition to improve open essay-scoring algorithms, with the goal of faster, fairer feedback to students on their writing. It followed earlier Learning Agency Lab and Feedback Prize contests that released large sets of student writing for researchers. - [Support for Tools Competition winner ASTRA AI](https://www.gatesfoundation.org/about/committed-grants/2023/10/inv-060644) (Gates Foundation · to Georgia State University Research Foundation · $498,208 · 2023). A follow-on Gates grant to back ASTRA AI, a winner in the Tools Competition's Learning Science Research track, and to improve research infrastructure for understanding how students learn. It shows funders carrying promising contest winners further. - [Tools Competition (Learning Engineering Tools Competition)](https://tools-competition.org/) (Renaissance Philanthropy and co-funders; run by The Learning Agency · to Open to edtech builders, researchers, students and organizations worldwide · Catalyst $50K, Growth $150K, Transform $300K prizes (current cycle) · 2026). An annual competition that funds learning tools and datasets across K-12, post-secondary and research tracks, with prize tiers matched to a tool's stage. The 2026-27 cycle opened Sept. 10, 2026, with abstracts due Oct. 13 and winners due in June 2027. Winners join an impact study. - [Tools Competition 2021 winners](https://the-learning-agency.com/news-press/winners-announced-in-education-technology-competition-sponsored-by-schmidt-futures-and-philanthropist-ken-griffin/) (Schmidt Futures and Ken Griffin · to 18 teams, including Springboard Collaborative, UPchieve, Rising Academies and Learning Equality (Kolibri) · More than $1.5 million · 2021). An early round of the Learning Engineering Tools Competition. Winners included a speech-recognition reading check for parents, free tutoring for low-income students, a chatbot tutor to pair with a radio school program, and offline-first learning for places with little or no internet. - [Tools Competition dataset prize: BLAST bilingual children's speech](https://tools-competition.org/winner/blast/) (Tools Competition · to BLAST (LangInnov Inc.) · Dataset Prize · 2025). An Education Datasets winner: a corpus of oral assessment recordings from bilingual and multilingual children, gathered through a game-based literacy platform, with transcripts and details such as age, grade and home languages. Children's speech data is scarce for training fair speech tools. - [Tools Competition winner: Bookbot reading coach](https://tools-competition.org/winner/bookbot/) (Tools Competition · to Bookbot (Australia, Indonesia, Tanzania) · Growth Prize · 2024). A K-12 Learning winner for early grades: an app that listens to children read aloud, gives pronunciation feedback, and talks with them about the story through an avatar that asks questions to build comprehension and thinking. - [Tools Competition winner: Kolibri pre/post testing](https://tools-competition.org/winner/learning-equality/) (Tools Competition · to Learning Equality · Transform Prize · 2024). A Learning Science Research winner: automatic, balanced pre- and post-tests for offline, low-resource classrooms running Kolibri, drawing on a question bank supplemented by AI, so researchers can link test results with learner activity. - [Tools Competition winner: Little Language Models (CoCo)](https://tools-competition.org/winner/little-language-models/) (Tools Competition · to MIT doctoral researchers Manuj and Shruti Dhariwal · Growth Prize · 2024). A K-12 Learning winner: a creative 'math microworld' where children ages 8 to 16 build their own probability models from images, sounds or text to make art, music, stories and games, as a hands-on way to learn the ideas behind generative AI. - [Tools Competition winner: OATutor-GenAI](https://tools-competition.org/winner/oatutor-genai/) (Tools Competition · to UC Berkeley School of Education (Zachary Pardos) · Growth Prize · 2024). A Post-Secondary Learning winner: an open-source adaptive tutoring system that uses large language models to generate tutors for lower-division college STEM courses, shaped to instructors' needs and adult learners' goals. - [Tools Competition winner: Teacher Tapp](https://tools-competition.org/winner/teacher-tapp/) (Tools Competition · to Teacher Tapp (UK, Netherlands, Belgium) · Transform Prize · 2023). A Teacher Development winner from Teacher Tapp, the survey app co-founded by Laura McInerney and Becky Allen. More than 10,000 teachers answer its daily questions; the prize backs using that data to tailor development and support to each teacher. - [Tools Competition: Learning Science Research track (2024)](https://www.gatesfoundation.org/about/committed-grants/2023/08/inv-056039) (Gates Foundation · to Georgia State University Research Foundation (Tools Competition partner) · $999,938 · 2023). Gates funding for the 2024 Tools Competition's track on learning science research tools, which rewards platforms and instruments that make it faster and cheaper to run rigorous studies of how students learn. - [WISE Prize for Education](https://www.wise-qatar.org/innovation/wise-prize-for-education) (WISE (World Innovation Summit for Education), Qatar Foundation · to Open to education innovations with proven results · $1 million prize fund; $500,000 first place; finalists get $100,000-$125,000 to build an MVP · 2026). Now a forward-looking prize: finalists get a year of funding to build a minimum viable product of an approach that already works, and the top three split $1 million at the WISE summit. The 2026-27 cycle closed applications June 27, 2026. - [WISE Prize for Education 2024-25 winner](https://www.wise-qatar.org/innovation/wise-prize-for-education) (WISE, Qatar Foundation · to TUMO (Armenia) · $500,000 (first place) · 2025). TUMO took first place for its AI-supported model of free, self-paced creative technology learning for teenagers, which has reached more than 20,000 students in Armenia. Iqrali.jo and Darsel, both working on a numeracy chatbot in Jordan, placed second and third. - [XPRIZE literacy and numeracy content grant](https://www.gatesfoundation.org/about/committed-grants/2025/07/inv-089944) (Gates Foundation · to XPRIZE · $1,000,000 · 2025). Gates support for XPRIZE to develop new high-quality literacy and numeracy content for underserved students in the Global South, following an earlier $500,000 grant in 2024 and building on the Global Learning XPRIZE. #### Education research and practice prizes - [Brock International Prize in Education](https://brockinstitute.org/past-laureates.html) (Brock Institute (hosted by the University of Oklahoma) · to Laureate chosen by a jury of nominators · 2002). An annual prize for a person whose work has had a lasting effect on education. Past laureates include Howard Gardner (2015), Linda Darling-Hammond (2011), Sugata Mitra (2022), Sal Khan (2023) and Michael M. Crow of Arizona State University (2024). - [Brock Prize 2022: Sugata Mitra](https://brockinstitute.org/past-laureates.html) (Brock Institute · to Sugata Mitra · 2022). Awarded for self-organized learning environments, which grew out of his 'Hole in the Wall' experiments that put computers in Indian slums for children to explore on their own. His claims about unsupervised learning have also drawn critics. - [Brock Prize 2023: Sal Khan](https://brockinstitute.org/past-laureates.html) (Brock Institute · to Sal Khan, founder of Khan Academy · 2023). Awarded to the founder of Khan Academy, the nonprofit known for free video lessons and practice in math and other subjects. In recent years Khan Academy has built Khanmigo, an AI tutor and teaching assistant, making Khan a leading voice on AI in schools. - [Global Schools Prize (inaugural)](https://globalteacherprize.org/) (Varkey Foundation · to Alsama Project (Lebanon) · $500,000 · 2026). The first Global Schools Prize, a $500,000 award for a whole school rather than a single teacher, went to the Alsama Project in Lebanon, an education project for refugee and out-of-school young people. - [Global Student Prize](https://globalteacherprize.org/) (Chegg.org, with the Varkey Foundation · to Open to students worldwide · $100,000 · 2025). An annual $100,000 award, funded by Chegg.org and run with the Varkey Foundation, for a student making a real impact on learning and society. The 2025 prize went to Adarsh Kumar of Bihar, India. - [Global Teacher Prize](https://globalteacherprize.org/) (Varkey Foundation (with UNESCO; sponsored by GEMS Education) · to Open to practicing teachers worldwide · $1 million · 2015). An annual $1 million prize for an exceptional teacher, first awarded in 2015. The Varkey Foundation also runs the $100,000 Global Student Prize and, since 2026, a $500,000 Global Schools Prize. - [Global Teacher Prize 2026: Rouble Nagi](https://globalteacherprize.org/pages/rouble-nagi) (Varkey Foundation · to Rouble Nagi (India) · $1 million · 2026). Honored for using art to bring learning to marginalized communities in India: murals on abandoned walls that teach literacy, numeracy and hygiene, and more than 800 learning centers in over 100 underserved communities run by her foundation. - [Grawemeyer Award in Education](https://awards.louisville.edu/grawemeyer-awards/award-categories-recipients/grawemeyer-award-education) (University of Louisville · to Authors of ideas with major potential impact on education · $100,000 · 1989). An annual award for a powerful idea in education, usually a book or major study. Recent winners include Mark R. Warren (2025) on the movement against the school-to-prison pipeline and Laura Hamilton and Kelly Nielsen (2024) on underfunded public universities. - [Klaus J. Jacobs Research Prize](https://jacobsfoundation.org/activity/the-klaus-j-jacobs-research-prize/) (Jacobs Foundation · to Hirokazu Yoshikawa (2025 recipient) · CHF 1 million endowment · 2025). A research prize for scholars whose work on learning and development, or on children's and young people's living conditions, is outstanding. The 2025 prize went to developmental psychologist Hirokazu Yoshikawa. - [Yidan Prize](https://yidanprize.org/the-prize-and-nominations/the-prize) (Yidan Prize Foundation · to Open by nomination: education researchers and practitioners · HK$15 million cash plus HK$15 million project fund per prize · 2017). Annual prizes in Education Research and Education Development, among the largest in education. Each laureate (or team) gets a gold medal, HK$15 million in cash and a HK$15 million project fund to scale the work. First awarded in 2017. - [Yidan Prize for Education Development: Anant Agarwal](https://yidanprize.org/laureates/anant-agarwal) (Yidan Prize Foundation · to Anant Agarwal · HK$15 million cash plus HK$15 million project fund · 2018). Recognized for founding edX, the nonprofit online course platform launched by MIT and Harvard in 2012, which helped start the wave of massive open online courses and opened university-level courses to millions of learners around the world. - [Yidan Prize for Education Development: Rukmini Banerji](https://yidanprize.org/laureates/rukmini-banerji) (Yidan Prize Foundation · to Rukmini Banerji · HK$15 million cash plus HK$15 million project fund · 2021). CEO of Pratham, recognized for its Teaching at the Right Level approach, which groups children by learning level rather than grade, and for the citizen-led ASER learning surveys in India. - [Yidan Prize for Education Development: Shai Reshef](https://yidanprize.org/laureates/shai-reshef) (Yidan Prize Foundation · to Shai Reshef · HK$15 million cash plus HK$15 million project fund · 2023). Recognized for founding University of the People, a tuition-free, accredited online university that relies on volunteer instructors and open resources to serve students shut out of higher education by cost, location or displacement. - [Yidan Prize for Education Development: Vicky Colbert](https://yidanprize.org/laureates/vicky-colbert) (Yidan Prize Foundation · to Vicky Colbert · HK$15 million cash plus HK$15 million project fund · 2017). One of the first two Yidan laureates, recognized for co-founding Escuela Nueva, a Colombian model of active, student-centered learning built for rural multigrade schools, where children work in small groups with self-paced guides. The model has been adapted in many countries. - [Yidan Prize for Education Research: Carol S. Dweck](https://yidanprize.org/laureates/carol-s-dweck) (Yidan Prize Foundation · to Carol S. Dweck · HK$15 million cash plus HK$15 million project fund · 2017). Stanford psychologist and one of the first two Yidan laureates, recognized for research on mindsets: how students' beliefs about whether ability can grow shape their effort, learning and persistence. Her work is widely used in schools, and some later studies have debated how large school mindset effects are. - [Yidan Prize for Education Research: Linda Darling-Hammond](https://yidanprize.org/laureates/linda-darling-hammond) (Yidan Prize Foundation · to Linda Darling-Hammond · HK$15 million cash plus HK$15 million project fund · 2022). Stanford professor recognized for decades of research on teacher preparation, school equity and the conditions for deeper learning. She founded the Learning Policy Institute and has advised U.S. state and federal policymakers on teaching and school funding. - [Yidan Prize for Education Research: Michelene Chi](https://yidanprize.org/laureates/michelene-chi) (Yidan Prize Foundation · to Michelene Chi · HK$15 million cash plus HK$15 million project fund · 2023). Arizona State University learning scientist recognized for the ICAP framework, which ranks how deeply students engage with material (interactive, constructive, active, passive), and for research on self-explanation and expertise. ICAP is often used to judge whether a learning tool asks enough of students. - [Yidan Prize for Education Research: Uri Wilensky](https://yidanprize.org/laureates/uri-wilensky) (Yidan Prize Foundation · to Uri Wilensky · HK$15 million cash plus HK$15 million project fund · 2025). Northwestern University professor recognized for 'systems literacy.' His free, open-source NetLogo platform lets students, teachers and researchers build agent-based models that show how individual behaviors produce large-scale patterns, and he has helped bring computational modeling into school subjects. - [Yidan Prize for Education Research: Usha Goswami](https://yidanprize.org/laureates/usha-goswami) (Yidan Prize Foundation · to Usha Goswami · HK$15 million cash plus HK$15 million project fund · 2019). University of Cambridge neuroscientist recognized for research on how children's brains process the rhythm and sound patterns of speech, and how differences in this processing relate to reading development and dyslexia. Her work links brain science to early literacy teaching. #### Government research funding - [AI content store and teacher tools fund](https://www.gov.uk/government/news/teachers-to-get-more-trustworthy-ai-tech-as-generative-tools-learn-from-new-bank-of-lesson-plans-and-curriculums-helping-them-mark-homework-and-save) (UK Department for Education and Department for Science, Innovation and Technology · to Content store for edtech developers, with The Open University as a founding partner · £4 million (£3 million content store, £1 million for tool builders) · 2024). A pooled store of curriculum guidance, lesson plans and anonymized pupil work to train generative AI tools for England's schools, aimed at more accurate marking and feedback help for teachers. - [AI marking and feedback tool awards](https://www.gov.uk/government/news/ai-teacher-tools-set-to-break-down-barriers-to-opportunity) (UK Department for Education · to 16 edtech developers, start-ups and universities (including Summatic) · £1 million · 2025). Funding for 16 UK developers to build AI tools that speed up marking and give students tailored feedback, with teachers keeping oversight; prototypes were due in April 2025. - [AI tutoring tools for disadvantaged pupils](https://www.gov.uk/government/news/450000-disadvantaged-pupils-could-benefit-from-ai-tutoring-tools) (UK Department for Education and Department for Science, Innovation and Technology · to Industry partners chosen by tender, working with teachers · Not stated (announced alongside £23 million for EdTech Testbeds) · 2026). A government program to co-create safe AI tutoring tools with teachers for up to 450,000 disadvantaged pupils in years 9 to 11 each year, with trials from late 2026 and tools for schools by the end of 2027. - [EdTech Hub](https://edtechhub.org/about/) (UK Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (with support from the World Bank, Gates Foundation and UNICEF) · to EdTech Hub research partnership). A global research partnership giving governments in low- and middle-income countries evidence and hands-on help on education technology, including AI, personalized learning and teacher development, through research, innovation sandboxes and a helpdesk. - [EIR grant to scale ASSISTments](https://www.wpi.edu/news/us-department-education-awards-worcester-polytechnic-institute-8-million-scale-and-expand) (U.S. Department of Education, Education Innovation and Research program · to Worcester Polytechnic Institute, with The ASSISTments Foundation · $7,928,232 · 2019). A federal scale-up grant to expand teacher professional development and use of ASSISTments. The What Works Clearinghouse has rated the ASSISTments efficacy trial as meeting its standards without reservations. - [EIR grant: Project RAISE (AI for school turnaround)](https://www.usaspending.gov/award/ASST_NON_S411A220007_091) (U.S. Department of Education, Education Innovation and Research program · to Texas A&M Research Foundation · $14,999,990 · 2023). A large federal grant for 'Research-Based Strategies and Artificial Intelligence for School Enhancement' (RAISE), using research-based practices and AI tools to help turn around struggling schools, led by Texas A&M. - [IES efficacy study of ASSISTments](https://www.usaspending.gov/award/ASST_NON_R305A170243_091) (Institute of Education Sciences · to American Institutes for Research · $3,799,617 · 2017). A five-year study of whether ASSISTments online math homework raises achievement for about 15,000 seventh graders across seven diverse U.S. sites, following an earlier Maine trial that found positive effects. - [IES grant: Active Learning at Scale with generative AI](https://www.usaspending.gov/award/ASST_NON_R305T240035_091) (Institute of Education Sciences · to Arizona State University · $3,750,000 · 2024). An IES award to Arizona State University to transform college teaching and learning by pairing large-scale learning science studies with generative AI, building on ASU's Learning at Scale research network for running experiments in real courses. - [IES grant: ASSISTments as a research platform](https://www.usaspending.gov/award/ASST_NON_R305N210049_091) (Institute of Education Sciences · to Worcester Polytechnic Institute · $2,198,516 · 2021). One of the IES platform grants tied to the SEERNet network: revisions to the free ASSISTments math homework platform, built at Worcester Polytechnic Institute, so outside researchers can run rigorous experiments with the students and teachers already using it. - [IES grant: MATHia as a research platform](https://www.usaspending.gov/award/ASST_NON_R305N210045_091) (Institute of Education Sciences · to Carnegie Learning · $1,999,460 · 2021). One of the IES platform grants tied to the SEERNet network: support to open Carnegie Learning's MATHia, an AI-based math tutor for middle and high school, to outside researchers running experiments at scale. - [IES grant: OpenStax research platform](https://www.usaspending.gov/award/ASST_NON_R305N210064_091) (Institute of Education Sciences · to Rice University (OpenStax) · $2,000,000 · 2021). One of the IES platform grants tied to the SEERNet network: support for Rice University's OpenStax, the publisher of free, openly licensed college textbooks, to make its learning platform available for efficient, rigorous education research. - [IES grant: Scenario-based assessment in the age of generative AI](https://www.usaspending.gov/award/ASST_NON_R305T240021_091) (Institute of Education Sciences · to University of Memphis · $3,657,923 · 2024). An IES award to the University of Memphis to develop scenario-based assessments, in which students solve realistic tasks, as an alternative to traditional tests, and to make room for them in the education market now that generative AI changes what tests can measure. - [IES grant: Talking Math, AI conversational tutoring](https://www.usaspending.gov/award/ASST_NON_R305T240029_091) (Institute of Education Sciences · to Worcester Polytechnic Institute · $3,749,600 · 2024). An IES award to Worcester Polytechnic Institute, home of ASSISTments, to build and test AI-enabled conversational tutoring in math. The project asks whether tutoring dialogue with an AI can improve both math performance and student engagement. - [IES grant: Text Answer AI Tutor for Title I schools](https://www.usaspending.gov/award/ASST_NON_R305J250058_091) (Institute of Education Sciences · to ASSISTments Foundation · $500,000 · 2025). An IES award to the ASSISTments Foundation to create an AI tutor that responds to students' typed explanations in math, rather than only their final answers, to deepen understanding for students in Title I schools. - [NSF AI Institute for Adult Learning and Online Education (AI-ALOE)](https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award/?AWD_ID=2112532) (U.S. National Science Foundation (with Accenture as funding partner) · to Georgia Research Alliance; headquartered at Georgia Tech (executive director Ashok Goel) · $19,990,448 · 2021). A five-year institute to make online adult STEM education at least as effective as in-person teaching, using AI teaching assistants such as Jill Watson and tools for personalized learning, with partner universities, technical colleges and companies. - [NSF AI Institute for Engaged Learning (EngageAI)](https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award/?AWD_ID=2112635) (U.S. National Science Foundation · to North Carolina State University (James Lester), with UNC Chapel Hill, Indiana University, Vanderbilt and Digital Promise · $19,996,290 · 2021). A five-year NSF institute building story-based (narrative-centered) learning environments where students work with AI characters that communicate through speech, gesture and facial expression, to make STEM learning more engaging for middle and high schoolers. - [NSF AI Institute for Exceptional Education (AI4ExceptionalEd)](https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award/?AWD_ID=2229873) (U.S. National Science Foundation and the Institute of Education Sciences · to University at Buffalo (Venugopal Govindaraju), with eight partner universities · $20,000,000 · 2023). A five-year institute addressing the shortage of speech-language pathologists. It is building an AI screener that analyzes classroom video and audio to spot children ages 3 to 10 who may need speech or language help, plus AI assistants to support them. - [NSF AI Institute for Inclusive Intelligent Technologies for Education (INVITE)](https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award/?AWD_ID=2229612) (U.S. National Science Foundation and the Institute of Education Sciences · to University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (H. Chad Lane) · $19,998,746 · 2023). A five-year institute building AI tools that help students develop persistence, academic resilience and collaboration, with research centered on middle school computer science and on how generative AI can scaffold learners while teachers stay in charge. - [NSF AI Institute for Student-AI Teaming (iSAT)](https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award/?AWD_ID=2019805) (U.S. National Science Foundation · to University of Colorado Boulder (director Sidney D'Mello) · $19,993,294 · 2020). One of the first NSF National AI Research Institutes. iSAT builds AI 'partners' that help small groups of students talk, reason and learn together in classrooms, such as the CoBi community builder, working with researchers at several universities and school districts. - [NSF AI-ALOE renewal](https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award/?AWD_ID=2625466) (U.S. National Science Foundation · to Georgia Tech Research Corporation (Ashok Goel) · $18,374,008 · 2026). A second NSF award, starting September 2026, to continue the AI Institute for Adult Learning and Online Education at Georgia Tech under Ashok Goel, extending its work on AI teaching assistants and personalized online learning for adult STEM students. - [NSF EngageAI renewal](https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award/?AWD_ID=2625599) (U.S. National Science Foundation · to North Carolina State University (James Lester) · $20,000,000 · 2026). A second NSF award, starting September 2026, to continue the AI Institute for Engaged Learning at NC State under James Lester, extending its research on story-based learning environments with AI characters for STEM classrooms. - [NSF iSAT renewal](https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award/?AWD_ID=2454151) (U.S. National Science Foundation · to University of Colorado Boulder · $20,000,000 · 2025). A second five-year NSF award to the Institute for Student-AI Teaming, shifting toward AI literacy and an AI-ready workforce, including a semester-long AI literacy curriculum co-designed with schools. - [Oak National Academy AI tools for teachers](https://www.gov.uk/government/news/new-support-for-teachers-powered-by-artificial-intelligence) (UK Department for Education · to Oak National Academy · Up to £2 million · 2023). Government funding for Oak to improve and expand free AI tools for teachers in England, such as lesson planners and quiz builders, as a first step toward a personal AI lesson-planning assistant for every teacher. This work led to Oak's Aila assistant. - [SEER Research Network for Digital Learning Platforms (SEERNet)](https://www.seernet.org/) (Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education · to Digital Promise Global (network lead) · $2,999,874 · 2021). IES funding to turn widely used digital learning platforms into research infrastructure, so researchers can run fast, rigorous experiments inside tools students already use. Companion IES grants went to platforms such as ASSISTments, MATHia, OpenStax and Canvas/Terracotta. #### Open funding programs - [ED/IES Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR)](https://ies.ed.gov/funding/research/programs/small-business-innovation-research-sbir) (Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education · to Open to U.S. small businesses building education technology · Up to $1.25 million per project ($250K Phase I, $1M Phase II) · 2002). Since 2002 the program has made 286 Phase I and 120 Phase II awards for education games, assessments, simulations, AI adaptive tutors and assistive technology. It also runs the annual ED Games Expo. - [Google for Startups Growth Academy: AI for Education](https://blog.google/company-news/outreach-and-initiatives/entrepreneurs/ai-for-education-cohort/) (Google for Startups · to 21 edtech startups across Europe, the Middle East and Africa · Mentoring and resources (no equity-free funding stated) · 2024). A three-month accelerator for AI-for-education startups with mentoring from Google experts and a founder community. The 2024 EMEA cohort of 21 included EvidenceB (France), Angaza Elimu (Kenya), Digify Africa (South Africa) and Story Spark (UK). - [NAEd/Spencer Postdoctoral Fellowship](https://naeducation.org/naedspencer-postdoctoral-fellowship-program/) (Spencer Foundation, administered by the National Academy of Education · to About 20 early-career education researchers a year · $80,000). An annual fellowship for recent PhDs doing education research, covering salary replacement and research costs, run by the National Academy of Education with Spencer support. It is a well-known launch point for education researchers. - [NSF Research on Innovative Technologies for Enhanced Learning (RITEL)](https://www.nsf.gov/funding/opportunities/ritel-research-innovative-technologies-enhanced-learning) (U.S. National Science Foundation · to Open to researchers at U.S. institutions · Up to $900,000 over 3 years per project; about 20-25 awards expected · 2023). An NSF program for early-stage research on emerging technologies such as AI, robotics and immersive tools for teaching and learning in real settings, with interest in low-cost tools for budget-limited schools. Projects must advance both learning research and technology. - [Spencer Foundation Initiative on AI and Education](https://www.spencer.org/initiative-on-ai-and-education) (Spencer Foundation · to Open to education researchers · 2024). Grew out of a spring 2024 Spencer convening. It funds research on AI and learning, AI policy, ethics and justice, and how AI will change education research itself, through Spencer's research grant programs. #### Kids' online safety funding - [Disrupting Harm](https://safeonline.global/disrupting-harm-2/) (Safe Online · to ECPAT International, INTERPOL and UNICEF Innocenti · $15 million · 2019). A large evidence project on how online child sexual exploitation and abuse shows up country by country, covering 13 countries in a first phase and 12 more in a second, with national reports due through 2026. Safe Online began with $7 million in 2019. - [Google.org digital wellbeing grants for kids](https://blog.google/company-news/outreach-and-initiatives/google-org/google-digital-wellbeing-grant-teens-kids/) (Google.org · to Initial grantees Highlights for Children and Sesame Workshop · $20 million · 2024). Announced on Safer Internet Day to support digital wellbeing, mental health and online safety for kids, starting with a Highlights magazine edition based on Be Internet Awesome and new Sesame Street media on healthy tech and AI use. - [Google.org teen safety and wellbeing fund for Europe](https://blog.google/innovation-and-ai/technology/families/new-10m-funding-to-promote-teen-safety-and-wellbeing-in-europe/) (Google.org · to Programs in Europe for kids, teens, caregivers and teachers · €10 million · 2025). Funding announced in March 2025 for European programs that create safer online spaces for kids, support teens' digital wellbeing and give caregivers and teachers practical resources, building on earlier Google.org online safety grants in the region. - [NSF CAREER: Safety by Design, Protecting Adolescents from Online Risks](https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award/?AWD_ID=1844881) (U.S. National Science Foundation · to Pamela Wisniewski (then University of Central Florida) · $550,000 · 2019). A five-year NSF early-career award to study how teens experience and cope with online risks and to co-design, with teens, safety tools that build self-regulation and draw on their support networks, for use by platforms that serve young people. The award later moved with her to Vanderbilt and ICSI. - [ROOST (Robust Open Online Safety Tools)](https://roost.tools/blog/launching-roost-a-letter-of-gratitude/) (Founding partners Discord, Google, OpenAI and Roblox, with the Knight, McGovern and other foundations · to ROOST, an open-source online safety nonprofit · $28 million initial funding · 2025). Launched at the Paris AI Action Summit to build free, open-source trust and safety tools as a public good. Its Coop tool (v1.0 in June 2026) handles child safety review and reporting to NCMEC for platforms of any size. - [Safe Online open calls](https://safeonline.global/2025-open-call/) (Safe Online (with government, foundation and company donors) · to Open to groups fighting online child sexual exploitation and abuse · About $10 million (2024 open call); nearly $100 million invested since 2016 · 2024). Safe Online funds prevention, detection and response to online child sexual exploitation and abuse in more than 100 countries. Its 2024 open call drew over 300 applications; it held no new open call in 2025. - [Safe Online Research Fund 2026 targeted call](https://technologycoalition.org/news/tech-coalition-safe-online-research-fund-announces-2026-targeted-call-grantees/) (Tech Coalition and Safe Online · to Cyberbullying Research Center (Florida Atlantic University), Sheffield Hallam University and Behavioral Health Global · Over $240,000 combined · 2026). Three projects on emerging risks: a survey of about 3,500 U.S. teens on AI chatbot use and sexual or secretive conversations, grooming in social VR and games like Roblox and Minecraft, and an open classifier to detect sadistic online exploitation networks. - [Tech Coalition Safe Online Research Fund](https://safeonline.global/tech-coalition-safe-online-research-fund/) (Tech Coalition and Safe Online · to Researchers studying online child sexual exploitation and abuse · $2.5 million invested to date · 2020). A research fund backed by tech companies that has supported 15 projects since 2020, including a 2024 round focused on generative AI risks, with advice from companies, Thorn, UNICEF and WeProtect. - [Young Futures funding challenges and YF500](https://youngfutures.org/) (Young Futures · to U.S. nonprofits helping young people, families and educators thrive with technology · Challenge awards of $50,000-$100,000; YF500 has raised $26 million toward $50 million). Young Futures runs two open funding challenges a year on youth digital wellbeing, including 'Unwritten' (at least $1 million for 10+ nonprofits helping ages 10-19 think critically in an AI-shaped world), and a five-year plan to fund 500 nonprofit innovators. - [Youth voice in AI guidance](https://www.gatesfoundation.org/about/committed-grants/2026/10/inv-105098) (Gates Foundation · to Young Futures · $1,200,000 · 2026). Funding to Young Futures to shape AI guidance for schools and families using real student and parent experiences and recommendations written by young people themselves, so rules about AI reflect how kids actually use it. #### AI and learning grants - [AI classroom discourse feedback for math](https://www.gatesfoundation.org/about/committed-grants/2023/11/inv-060568) (Gates Foundation · to TeachFX · $1,549,089 · 2023). Funding to TeachFX, whose app uses AI to analyze classroom audio and give teachers feedback on how much and how students talk, for R&D supporting math outcomes for Black, Latino and low-income students. - [AI coaching for teachers in low-resource settings](https://www.gatesfoundation.org/about/committed-grants/2025/09/inv-088175) (Gates Foundation · to Renaissance Philanthropy Fund · $3,200,000 · 2025). Funding to Renaissance Philanthropy to improve literacy and numeracy by giving teachers real-time, AI-driven coaching and feedback that supports structured lessons in low-resource classrooms, an approach meant to scale teacher support where human coaches are scarce. - [AI coaching tools for instruction](https://www.gatesfoundation.org/about/committed-grants/2024/11/inv-068987) (Gates Foundation · to EdLight · $1,250,000 · 2024). Funding to EdLight, a company whose tools let teachers capture and analyze handwritten student work, for research and development of AI coaching tools that support the quality of teaching for priority students. - [AI for learning in low- and middle-income countries](https://www.gatesfoundation.org/about/committed-grants/2024/11/inv-078363) (Gates Foundation · to Fab AI Foundation · $4,200,000 · 2024). Funding to develop high-quality AI tools, share knowledge and build partnerships so AI improves education outcomes fairly in low- and middle-income countries; one of several Gates grants to Fab AI since 2023. - [AI for Math Fund](https://www.renaissancephilanthropy.org/ai-for-math-fund) (Renaissance Philanthropy and XTX Markets (founding donor) · to Researchers and builders of AI tools for mathematics · $9.2 million (first round); grants up to $1 million · 2024). A fund for open AI tools for mathematics: proof formalization and verification software, open datasets of theorems and problems, field-building such as textbooks and courses, and high-risk research. Its first 2025 awards backed 29 projects, including a Lean tutoring tool. - [AI Literacy Framework implementation resources](https://www.gatesfoundation.org/about/committed-grants/2025/11/inv-093914) (Gates Foundation · to Code.org · $200,000 · 2025). Funding to Code.org for short, free implementation resources (public goods) aligned with the AI Literacy Framework, to help schools teach AI literacy effectively and fairly across classrooms. - [AI tools for teachers R&D](https://www.gatesfoundation.org/about/committed-grants/2023/11/inv-061676) (Gates Foundation · to Teach For America · $750,000 · 2023). Funding to Teach For America, which places and supports new teachers in high-need schools, for research and development of AI-based tools that support teachers in their work. - [AI-driven Teaching at the Right Level](https://www.gatesfoundation.org/about/committed-grants/2025/09/inv-088315) (Gates Foundation · to Pratham International · $1,323,011 · 2025). Funding to Pratham International to test and scale AI automation of Teaching at the Right Level, Pratham's approach of assessing children and grouping them by learning level rather than grade, in sub-Saharan Africa. - [AI-powered literacy instruction and assessment](https://www.gatesfoundation.org/about/committed-grants/2025/07/inv-085704) (Gates Foundation · to Amira Learning · $2,757,128 · 2025). Funding to Amira Learning, maker of an AI reading tutor that listens to children read aloud, to show how AI reading instruction and assessment can improve outcomes in U.S. pre-K and early grades and in low-resource settings in sub-Saharan Africa. - [AI-supported tutoring R&D](https://www.gatesfoundation.org/about/committed-grants/2023/10/inv-064858) (Gates Foundation · to UPchieve · $648,947 · 2023). Funding to UPchieve, a nonprofit offering free online tutoring to low-income students, for research and development of tutoring approaches that use AI to support math learning for Black, Latino and low-income students. - [Applied research on AI math tutoring](https://www.gatesfoundation.org/about/committed-grants/2025/11/inv-093711) (Gates Foundation · to Stanford University · $1,899,805 · 2025). Funding to Stanford University for applied research in diverse school settings, aimed at speeding the design and adoption of scalable, AI-enabled math tutoring that schools can actually use. - [Benchmark for AI math tutors](https://www.gatesfoundation.org/about/committed-grants/2024/11/inv-071948) (Gates Foundation · to Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence (Ai2) · $1,755,137 · 2024). Funding to the Allen Institute for AI to develop a benchmark for judging AI tutoring systems in math, so school districts serving priority students can pick better products and developers have a shared yardstick to improve against. - [Coalition for AI-era computer science standards (TeachAI)](https://www.gatesfoundation.org/about/committed-grants/2023/11/inv-056849) (Gates Foundation · to Code.org · $1,093,695 · 2023). Funding to Code.org for a coalition that develops updated curriculum standards, courses, tools and assessments to prepare students safely and fairly for an age of artificial intelligence. Code.org co-leads the TeachAI initiative on AI guidance for schools. - [District AI instructional framework](https://www.gatesfoundation.org/about/committed-grants/2024/12/inv-081791) (Gates Foundation · to Denver Public Schools · $400,000 · 2024). Funding to Denver Public Schools to write a district-wide AI instructional framework and AI academic policy to guide safe, intentional use of AI and instructional technology in classrooms, an example of a large district setting its own AI rules. - [Education-focused AI models and datasets](https://www.gatesfoundation.org/about/committed-grants/2024/12/inv-077295) (Gates Foundation · to University of Maryland · $3,035,000 · 2024). Funding to the University of Maryland to develop AI models and datasets built specifically for education. It is part of a 2024 cluster of Gates grants (with Renaissance Philanthropy, Cornell and others) aimed at better open data and models for learning tools. - [Evidence on AI features in digital math products](https://www.gatesfoundation.org/about/committed-grants/2024/12/inv-079123) (Gates Foundation · to Edia Learning · $726,250 · 2024). One of several 2024 Gates grants to math product makers, including Edia and Aha Moments, to test how AI-powered features affect student motivation, engagement, persistence and learning, and to improve math materials based on the results. - [Generative AI assessment for math curriculum](https://www.gatesfoundation.org/about/committed-grants/2025/08/inv-085751) (Gates Foundation · to ASSISTments Foundation · $1,748,232 · 2025). Funding to the ASSISTments Foundation, steward of the free ASSISTments math platform, to scale research and development of a generative AI assessment tool that plugs into high-quality math curricula. - [Generative AI math tutoring R&D](https://www.gatesfoundation.org/about/committed-grants/2024/11/inv-068982) (Gates Foundation · to NewSchools Venture Fund · $9,500,000 · 2024). Funding for NewSchools' R&D programs to speed up K-8 math growth with new tools and models and to spur the building and testing of new generative AI math tutoring products. - [Jill Watson AI assistant in technical colleges](https://www.gatesfoundation.org/about/committed-grants/2024/03/inv-062908) (Gates Foundation · to Georgia Tech Research Corporation · $425,001 · 2023). Funding to study the use of Jill Watson, the AI teaching assistant developed at Georgia Tech by Ashok Goel's group, in English 101 classes at the Technical College System of Georgia, testing it beyond the computer science courses where it began. - [Learning Commons](https://learningcommons.org/blog/scaling-proven-learning-practices/) (Chan Zuckerberg Initiative · to Open to edtech developers and educators · 2025). CZI's education work, renamed Learning Commons in 2025. It offers free AI developer tools, such as a knowledge graph of state standards and learning progressions and 'evaluators' for checking AI outputs, opened to developers more widely in 2026. - [Learning Engineering Virtual Institute (LEVI)](https://learning-engineering-virtual-institute.org/) (Renaissance Philanthropy (with philanthropic partners) · to Seven research-practice teams in LEVI Math and four in LEVI Literacy · Multi-year grants over five years (amount not published) · 2022). A five-year effort, launched with LEVI Math in 2022, to double the rate of middle school math progress for students from low-income backgrounds; LEVI Literacy aims to halve the number of struggling K-2 readers. - [Learning Engineering Virtual Institute coordination](https://www.gatesfoundation.org/about/committed-grants/2025/10/inv-086092) (Gates Foundation · to Renaissance Philanthropy Fund · $550,000 · 2025). Funding to Renaissance Philanthropy to coordinate the Learning Engineering Virtual Institute, whose research-practice teams are building AI-driven tools meant to double math learning growth for low-income middle school students. - [LEVANTE (Learning Variability Network Exchange)](https://jacobsfoundation.org/activity/the-learning-variability-network-exchange-levante/) (Jacobs Foundation · to Research teams worldwide, coordinated by Stanford University · 2023). A flagship Jacobs Foundation research effort collecting common measures of cognitive, social, emotional and environmental factors from children ages 2 to 12 across countries, building an open data archive on how children learn differently. - [LLM co-pilot for math discussion](https://www.gatesfoundation.org/about/committed-grants/2024/09/inv-068816) (Gates Foundation · to Stanford University · $2,267,154 · 2024). Funding to Stanford University to build large-language-model 'co-pilot' tools that help teachers lead rich mathematical discussion in class and differentiate instruction for students working at different levels. - [Open numeracy AI infrastructure for Sub-Saharan Africa](https://www.gatesfoundation.org/about/committed-grants/2026/08/inv-102457) (Gates Foundation · to Eedi · $1,849,553 · 2026). Funding to Eedi, the London math diagnostic company, to build open, locally adapted math AI infrastructure for Sub-Saharan Africa: knowledge graphs, diagnostic assessments and student-response datasets that others can use to build tools. - [Research on effective AI tutoring](https://www.gatesfoundation.org/about/committed-grants/2024/11/inv-068898) (Gates Foundation · to Accelerate: The National Collaborative for Accelerated Learning · $2,500,794 · 2024). Funding for research on effective, efficient AI tutoring for Black, Latino and low-income students, from Accelerate: The National Collaborative for Accelerated Learning, a national nonprofit that funds and studies high-impact tutoring. - [Research-backed AI models for K-12 math](https://www.gatesfoundation.org/about/committed-grants/2025/12/inv-086095) (Gates Foundation · to Digital Promise Global · $9,500,000 · 2025). Funding to Digital Promise to improve AI education tools by developing research-backed AI models tuned to K-12 learning and math instructional materials. Digital Promise also manages Gates-backed AIMS research grants on math learning. - [Teacher learning on AI tools](https://www.gatesfoundation.org/about/committed-grants/2024/12/inv-074077) (Gates Foundation · to Playlab · $490,000 · 2024). Funding to Playlab, a nonprofit whose platform lets educators build their own AI apps, to give more teachers chances to learn about AI and build skill and buy-in for AI-driven teaching tools. - [Tutoring datasets for priority students](https://www.gatesfoundation.org/about/committed-grants/2024/11/inv-068961) (Gates Foundation · to Cornell University · $3,921,000 · 2024). Funding to Cornell University to build education datasets that support the development of high-quality tutoring tools for Black, Latino and low-income students in the U.S., part of a 2024 push by Gates on open data and models for learning. #### Big gifts to edtech nonprofits - [Audacious Project: Imagine Worldwide](https://www.audaciousproject.org/grantees/imagine-worldwide) (The Audacious Project · to Imagine Worldwide · 2025). Selected by the Audacious Project to scale child-directed, solar-powered tablet learning in local languages across Malawi, Sierra Leone and Tanzania, aiming to reach more than 4 million students a year by 2030 and hand the program to governments. - [Carnegie Learning comprehensive math solution](https://www.gatesfoundation.org/about/committed-grants/2023/11/inv-060877) (Gates Foundation · to Carnegie Learning · $9,799,223 · 2023). Funding for a math program that builds in motivation, engagement and persistence to raise achievement for priority students, from Carnegie Learning, the Pittsburgh company behind the MATHia AI math tutor. - [Illustrative Mathematics capacity and scale](https://www.gatesfoundation.org/about/committed-grants/2025/08/inv-069100) (Gates Foundation · to Illustrative Mathematics · $15,058,587 · 2025). Funding to build out Illustrative Mathematics' customer platform, open educational resources ecosystem and product quality. IM's openly licensed K-12 math curriculum is widely used in U.S. schools. - [Khan Academy district and classroom products](https://www.gatesfoundation.org/about/committed-grants/2024/11/inv-055700) (Gates Foundation · to Khan Academy · $55,569,976 · 2024). A five-year grant to develop district-facing and classroom products, tools and services, with a goal of increasing learning for 11.2 million students. One of the largest recent philanthropic grants to an edtech nonprofit; Khan Academy also builds the Khanmigo AI tutor. - [MacArthur 100&Change: early learning for refugee children](https://sesameworkshop.org/about-us/press-room/sesame-workshop-international-rescue-committee-awarded-100-million-early/) (John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation (100&Change) · to Sesame Workshop and the International Rescue Committee · $100,000,000 · 2017). The first 100&Change award funded early childhood development for children displaced by conflict in Jordan, Lebanon, Iraq and Syria: a new Arabic Sesame Street (Ahlan Simsim), home visits and caregiver support, and play-based learning centers. - [Zearn capacity and scale](https://www.gatesfoundation.org/about/committed-grants/2023/12/inv-055361) (Gates Foundation · to Zearn · $11,588,193 · 2023). Funding for Zearn, the nonprofit K-8 math learning platform used in many U.S. schools, to build a Spanish digital experience, professional learning services, and features that support student motivation, engagement and persistence. #### Corporate AI education funds - [Anthropic and Teach For All AI fluency partnership](https://www.anthropic.com/news/anthropic-teach-for-all) (Anthropic · to Teach For All network (63 countries) · In-kind (Claude access and training) · 2026). A partnership giving teachers in the Teach For All network Claude access, an AI fluency learning series, a peer community and a Claude Lab program, reaching a network of over 100,000 teachers and alumni. - [Anthropic grant to picoCTF](https://www.anthropic.com/news/anthropic-signs-pledge-to-americas-youth-investing-in-ai-education) (Anthropic · to Carnegie Mellon University's picoCTF · $1 million over three years · 2025). Part of Anthropic's commitments under the White House pledge on AI education: funding for CMU's free, hands-on cybersecurity challenges for middle and high school students, focused on underserved communities. - [Global AI Opportunity Fund](https://blog.google/company-news/inside-google/message-ceo/united-nations-keynote-2024/) (Google.org · to Nonprofits and NGOs delivering AI education and training worldwide · $120 million · 2024). Announced by Sundar Pichai at the UN Summit of the Future to bring AI education and training to communities around the world, in local languages, through nonprofit and NGO partners. - [Google $1 billion for U.S. AI education and training](https://blog.google/products-and-platforms/products/education/ai-education-efforts/) (Google · to U.S. colleges, nonprofits and education programs · $1 billion over three years (including $150 million in grants) · 2025). A three-year commitment to U.S. education and job training, with $150 million set aside for AI education and digital wellbeing grants, Gemini for Education offered to every U.S. high school, and an AI for Education Accelerator grown to 200 colleges. - [Google grant to Code.org for AI curriculum](https://blog.google/products-and-platforms/products/education/ai-education-efforts/) (Google · to Code.org · $3 million · 2025). Announced at the September 2025 White House AI Education Taskforce event as part of Google's $1 billion U.S. education commitment, the grant supports Code.org in reworking its computer science curriculum and adding AI features. - [Google grant to National Applied AI Consortium](https://blog.google/products-and-platforms/products/education/google-ai-education-workforce-skills/) (Google · to National Applied AI Consortium, led by Miami Dade College · $2 million · 2025). Funding to the National Applied AI Consortium, led by Miami Dade College, to expand its mentoring to 30 community colleges in 20 states, helping them build applied AI programs and a national AI talent pipeline. - [Google.org AI education funding (GenerationAI and partners)](https://blog.google/company-news/outreach-and-initiatives/google-org/google-ai-initiatives-funding-educators-students/) (Google.org · to ISTE (GenerationAI), 4-H, aiEDU, CodePath and STEM From Dance · More than $25 million · 2024). Funding across five U.S. groups to reach over 500,000 educators and students: ISTE's GenerationAI teacher training, rural AI programs with 4-H, aiEDU's AI literacy work in rural and Indigenous communities, CodePath's college AI courses and AI for girls of color. - [Google.org robotics and AI grants for middle schoolers](https://blog.google/company-news/outreach-and-initiatives/google-org/google-grants-robotics-ai-education/) (Google.org · to FIRST and the REC Foundation · $10 million · 2023). Grants to help 300,000 U.S. middle schoolers join robotics programs and to bring AI into the programs' curricula, with a focus on rural students, students of color and English learners. - [Microsoft Elevate](https://blogs.microsoft.com/on-the-issues/2025/07/09/elevate/) (Microsoft · to K-12 schools, community and technical colleges, and nonprofits · More than $4 billion in cash and technology over five years · 2025). Microsoft's five-year pledge of cash plus AI and cloud donations, including the National Academy for AI Instruction with the AFT, an Elevate Academy aiming to give 20 million people AI credentials, and support for Code.org's Hour of AI. - [National Academy for AI Instruction](https://www.techrepublic.com/article/news-national-academy-ai-instruction-teachers-union-microsoft-openai-anthropic/) (Microsoft (lead), OpenAI (founding partner) and Anthropic, with the AFT and UFT · to American Federation of Teachers and its 1.8 million members · $23 million (reported: $12.5M Microsoft, $10M OpenAI, $500K Anthropic) · 2025). A teachers' union academy in Manhattan offering free AI training, courses and credentials, aiming to reach 400,000 educators in five years. Some observers questioned a union taking money from the companies whose tools it will teach.