The Body

Cushion layer

Hypodermis, said hy-po-DER-mis

The cushion layer is soft padding under your skin that keeps you warm and safe.

Your skin has three layers, like a cake: a thin top layer, a busy middle layer and a soft cushion. Tap any part!

The deepest layer

Under the middle layer is the hypodermis (hy-po-DER-mis). Hypo means under, so its name means under the dermis.

It's made mostly of fat cells, with stretchy threads and bigger blood vessels and nerves running through it.

Doctors also call it the subcutaneous (sub-kyoo-TAY-nee-us) layer, which means the layer under the skin.

A warm, soft blanket

Fat is a great blanket. It keeps body heat from leaking out, so you stay warm on cold days.

It's a cushion too. When you bump into a table or land on your bottom, the cushion layer helps soak up the bump and protect what's inside.

Your body also stores energy in fat, like a pantry for later. When you run, play and grow, your body can use some of it.

Fat even helps your body hold on to some vitamins it needs.

The anchor

The cushion layer ties your skin to the muscles and bones below. It holds on firmly, but loosely enough that your skin can slide a little when you move.

Gently pinch the skin on your arm and wiggle it. It slides over the muscle. That's the cushion layer letting it move.

Every body is different

The cushion layer is thicker in some places, like your bottom and belly, and very thin in others, like your eyelids.

Everybody's cushion layer is different, just like everybody's height is different. Bodies come in lots of shapes and sizes, and all of them are good bodies.

Babies have plenty of padding that helps keep them warm. That's part of why babies are so cuddly!

Fat isn't something bad. Every body needs it to stay healthy.

๐Ÿคฉ Wow facts

  • Myth: Fat is bad for you. Truth: Every body needs fat. It keeps you warm, saves energy and protects you.
  • Whales and seals have a very thick fat layer called blubber, which keeps them warm in icy water.
  • Your heels have special fat pads, like built-in cushions in a sneaker.
  • Babies have a special kind of fat, called brown fat, that makes heat to keep them warm.
  • The cushion layer is the reason your skin can slide over your muscles when you move.

๐Ÿ’š Look after it

  • Bundle up in layers on cold days to help your built-in blanket.
  • Wear a helmet and pads when you bike, skate or scoot, for extra cushioning.
  • Move and play every day, because it's fun and keeps your muscles strong.
  • Be kind about bodies, yours and everyone else's. All shapes and sizes are good.

๐Ÿฉน When something goes wrong

A lump under the skin. Sometimes you might feel a soft little lump under your skin. Most lumps are nothing to worry about, but always show a grown-up, who can ask a doctor to take a look.

๐Ÿ™‹ Questions kids ask

Why do I need fat?

Fat keeps you warm, saves energy for later, cushions your body and helps you use some vitamins. Every body needs it.

Why can I pinch my skin and move it around?

The cushion layer holds your skin to your muscles loosely, so it can slide when you move.

Do animals have a cushion layer?

Yes! Seals, whales and polar bears have a thick one called blubber that keeps them warm in icy water.

๐Ÿง  Quick quiz

Question 1 of 3What is the cushion layer mostly made of?

๐Ÿ”— It works with

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